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Centre for Newfoundland Studies CENTRE FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY MAY BE XEROXED Erich Kastners Kinderromane Eine vergleichende Analyse von drei Werken by © Sonja M. Allen A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of German and Russian/ Faculty of Arts Memorial University of Newfoundland May 2004 Library and Bibliotheque et 1+1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de !'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 0-494-02326-0 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 0-494-02326-0 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a Ia Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I' Internet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve Ia propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits meraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni Ia these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a Ia loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur Ia protection de Ia vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont ete enleves de cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans Ia pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. ••• Canada Abriss Erich Kastner (1899-1974) war ursprunglich vor allem als Schriftsteller satirischer, zeitkritischer Werke bekannt. Trotz ihres gror.,en Publikumserfolgs wurde seine Kinder- und Jugendliteratur von der Kritik zunachst kaum und auch in spateren Jahren nicht eingehend beachtet. Diese Arbeit geht von dem Standpunkt aus, dass auch Kastners Werke fOr Kinder zum Verstandnis des Autors und seiner Anliegen viel beitragen konnen. In einer vergleichenden Analyse werden drei Kinderromane untersucht: Emil und die Detektive (1929), PDnktchen und Anton (1931), und Das fliegende Klassenzimmer (1933). Wesentliche Gesichtspunkte sind hierbei die Verbindung von inhaltlichen Aspekten mit autobiografischen und zeitdokumentarischen Einzelheiten, sowie die padagogischen Absichten des Autors und deren Funktionen innerhalb der Werke. ii Danksagung Als Zeichen meines Dankes mochte ich diejenigen erwahnen, die mir bei diesem Forschungsprojekt behilflich waren. Ohne sie ware meine Magisterarbeit nicht moglich gewesen. Dank gebuhrt: Graduate Studies, Memorial University of Newfoundland fur die finanzielle Unterstutzung, namlich ,Graduate Fellowships' 1999-2002, die Reisestipendien ,Scotia Bank Bursaries for International Studies' und ,Ottenheimer Scholarship', sowie der Graduate Students' Union fur ein 'Special Grant' Reisestipendium. dem Deutschen Taschenbuch Verlag und Beltz & Gelberg fOr ihren materiellen Beitrag zu meiner Forschungsarbeit. dem akademischen Personal der Memorial Universitat in Neufundland, besonders Dr. Richard llgner, Abteilungsleiter der Deutschabteilung, fur seinen bestandigen Rat wahrend meines Studiums und auf der Suche nach dem richtigen Thema, und Dr. Ursula Sampath, betreuende Professorin meiner Magisterarbeit, fUr ihre fortwahrende UnterstOtzung und hilfreichen Beitrage zur vorliegenden Arbeit. dem hilfsbereiten Personal diverser deutscher Universitaten (Augsburg, Berlin, Dresden, Freiburg, Munchen), sowie der Munchner Staatsbibliothek, der tnternationalen Jugendbibliothek (Schloss Blutenburg) und dem Erich Kastner Museum in Dresden, das mich bei meinem Forschungsprojekt und der Suche nach Materialien unterstutzte und weiterfuhrte. meiner Familie, ohne die meine Arbeit in diesem Maf.S nicht moglich gewesen ware. iii lnhaltsverzeichnis Abriss... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ............................... ii Danksagung .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... .. .. iii lnhaltsverzeichnis ...... ...... ........... ....... ...... ............................................ ....... ...... .................. ..... iv 1. Einleitung ...................................................................................................................... 2. Geschichte und Entwicklung der deutschen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur ......................................... .................. ..... .. ...... ....... .............................. 8 3. Erich Kastners Lebenslauf (1899-1974) ............................................................. 21 4. Analyse der Kinderromane .. .. .. ...................... ...................... ................................. 34 4.1. Emil und die Detektive: Ein Roman fiir Kinder (1929) ....................................... 36 4.1.1. Stellenwert in der Definition Kinder- und Jugendliteratur und kurzer Handlungsabriss . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 4.1.2. Autobiografische Elemente in Emil und die Oetektive.................................................... 40 4.1.3. Emil und die Detektive als Zeitdokument .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. 43 4.1.4. Die padagogische Funktion des Romans Emil und die Detektive.................... .... .. ...... .. 46 4.2. Piinktchen und Anton: Ein Roman fiir Kinder (1931) ........................................ 67 4.2.1. Stellenwert in der Definition Kinder- und Jugendliteratur und kurzer Handlungsabriss . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 67 4.2.2. Autobiografische Elemente in POnktchen und Anton..................................................... 71 4.2.3. POnktchen und Anton als Zeitdokument ............ .... .... .. .... .. .. .... .... ...... .......... ................. 75 4.2.4. Die padagogische Funktion des Romans POnktchen und Anton .................................. 81 4.3. Das f/iegende Klassenzimmer: Ein Roman fiir Kinder (1933) ......................... 98 4.3.1. Stellenwert in der Definition Kinder- und Jugendliteratur und kurzer Handlungsabriss............................................................................................................. 98 4.3.2. Autobiografische Elemente in Das fliegende Klassenzimmer............................ .... .... .... 102 4.3.3. Das fliegende Klassenzimmer als Zeitdokument .................. .... .. ...... ............................ 109 4.3.4. Die padagogische Funktion des Romans Oas f/iegende Klassenzimmer...................... 114 5. Zusammenfassung und Schlussfolgerung....................................................... 139 6. Literaturhinweise ........................................................................................................ 148 6.1. Primarliteratur ............................................................. ................................................ 148 6.2. Sekundarliteratur ........................................................................................................ 149 iv 1. Einleitung Am 23. Februar 2004 ware Erich Kastner - einer der bekanntesten und bedeutendsten deutschen Schriftsteller des 20. Jahrhunderts und ein ,Kiassiker 1 der deutschen Literatur" - der Werke sowohl fOr eine erwachsene, als auch jugendliche Leserschaft schrieb, 105 Jahre alt geworden. Erstaunlicherweise wurde sein Schrifttum - einschlieBiich seiner Kinder- und Jugendliteratur, fOr die 2 er heute bekannter ist als fOr seine Werke fOr Erwachsene - offenbar lange Zeit von der Wissenschaft kaum fOr untersuchenswert erachtet. Beutler stellte dies bereits 1967 fest. 3 Dass sich die Situation sechzehn Jahre spater wenig verandert hatte, geht aus Wolffs Kommentar, die Anzahl der Veroffentlichungen 4 Ober Kastner sei ,wahrhaftig nicht imposant" , hervor. 1999 untersuchte dann Neuhaus den Stand der Erich-Kastner-Forschung, unter Einbeziehung der KinderbOcher. lnnerhalb eines literaturwissenschaftlichen Pyramiden-Modells, dessen Parameter die Zahl der Forschungsarbeiten und deren Bewertung eines Schriftstellers sind, meinte Neuhaus, Kastners Platz zumindestens in der Mitte der Pyrami:de bestimmen zu konnen. 5 Und er fragte mit Recht: Wenn Kastner der ihm von der Literaturwissenschaft zugewiesene Pyramiden-Piatz zukommt, wieso sind seine Werke dann in zahlreichen Ausgaben und Auflagen verbreitet worden? Eine ahnliche 1 Marcel Reich-Ranicki, ,Erich Kastner: Der Dichter der kleinen Freiheit." In: Marcel Reich­ Ranicki, ed., Nachprofung: Aufsatze Ober deutsche Schriftsteller von gestern (MOnchen: Piper, 1977) 254. Zit. in: Walter Pape,, ,Kein SchOngeist, sondern ein Schulmeister!'" Fundevoge/112 ~1994) 5. Stefan Neuhaus,
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