Ryan N. Watkins (Clegg) 7345 Melrose Ave

Home , Moon Mineralogy Mapper

Ryan N. Watkins (Clegg) 7345 Melrose Ave. E-Mail: [email protected] Saint Louis, MO 63130 http://ryanwatkins.webs.com Phone: 864-680-4838 Summary My research primarily consists of analyzing Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) images to study physical and compositional properties of lunar surface features, and to characterize potential landing sites for future missions. My expertise is on using photometry to understand properties of spacecraft landing sites, thorium anomalies, exposures of pure anorthosite, and volcanic deposits. I use photometric modeling and Apollo soil data to place compositional constraints on regions of interest, and spectral measurements of lunar soils to use as ground truth for remote sensing data. I am involved in boulder distribution mapping at legacy landing sites to determine regolith production rates and landing site safety hazards for future missions. I also have extensive experience processing and extracting photometric data from LROC images, as well as creating and using LROC data products (slope maps, roughness maps, etc.) for a variety of research and mission planning purposes. Highlights

• Multiple peer-reviewed publications. • Active conference participation, including multiple invited talks. • One of the lead authors of the Lunar Science for Landed Missions report. • Member of the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group Executive Committee and the Next Generation Lunar Scientists and Engineers Organizing Committee. • Extensive experience with remote sensing data and planetary image processing; some DEM generation training completed. Education Ph.D. Earth and Planetary Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO May 2015 Dissertation: Photometric Investigations of Lunar Landing Sites and Silicic Regions using LRO Narrow Angle Camera Images Advisor: Dr. Bradley L. Jolliff M.A. Earth and Planetary Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 2012 B.S. Physics, cum laude, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 2010 B.S. Space Science, cum laude, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 2010

Experience Research Scientist, Planetary Science Institute September 2017 - present - Principal Investigator on a project analyzing boulder distributions around young impact craters on the Moon. Mentoring an undergraduate on the project, as well as conducting research and analyses that will lead to understanding boulder degradation rates and landing site safety for future missions. - Co-I on the PSI Solar System Exploration Virtual Institute (SSERVI) Node (TREX), responsible for comparing lab data, Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) spectral data, and LROC photometric data of the Moon to understand compositional variations at lunar study areas studies. Lead for the Theme 3 mineralogy and photometry sub-group. Currently investigating thorium anomalies in the lunar South Pole-Aitken basin using photometry and spectral data from M3.

Ryan N. Watkins (Clegg) – Curriculum Vitae

Postdoctoral Research Associate, Washington University in St. Louis and the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences 2015-2017

- Integrated photometric studies of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) images with older lunar data sets to understand the physical and compositional properties of the lunar surface. - Characterized potential future landing sites in the lunar South Pole-Aitken Basin and analyzed boulder distributions at Apollo landing sites. - Responsible for creating Featured Image contributions for the LROC website and instructing graduate students in processing and creation of these images. Maintained the lab group’s computer workstation, software, and poster printer. - Instructed graduate students in laboratory procedures, image processing, and software usage as needed. - Member of the LROC Science Team and MoonRise landing site safety team.

Associate Research Scientist, Planetary Science Institute 2015-2017 - Served as an Associate Research Scientist while working on obtaining independent grant funding through PSI.

Research Scientist, Washington University in Saint Louis May 2015-September 2015 - Used photometric studies of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) images to understand the physical and compositional properties of the lunar surface. Research areas included: spacecraft landing sites, silicic regions, and lunar swirls. - Member of the LROC Science Team.

Intern, Jet Propulsion Laboratory 2010 MoonRise Student Collaboration Project - Worked with a team of students who developed a Student Collaboration Project that was implemented into the MoonRise mission proposal. Designed a camera system for the MoonRise Communications Satellite and wrote a complete instrument proposal for lead scientists and engineers. - Collaborated with MoonRise project leads to solve problems of dust mitigation during lunar landing. - Contributed to and was in charge of editing and formatting the final 200-page instrument proposal.

Intern, NASA’s Kennedy Space Center 2009 Granular Mechanics and Surface Systems Laboratory - Performed shake-table and thermal cycling experiments on simulated lunar soil to determine which process is responsible for compacting lunar soil. - Designed, built, and performed experiments to measure the magnetic susceptibility of lunar simulants and Apollo lunar soils.

Intern, NASA’s Kennedy Space Center 2008 Granular Mechanics and Surface Systems Laboratory - Studied how the spray of lunar soil from a landing rocket may impact and damage hardware at a future lunar outpost. Designed and built experiments in a sandblasting chamber and analyzed data.

Publications Note: All publications before 2015 are under Clegg, everything after 2015 is under Clegg-Watkins or Watkins. Selected Refereed Publications

Ryan N. Watkins (Clegg) – Curriculum Vitae

Watkins, R. N., B. L. Jolliff, K. Mistick, C. Fogerty, S. J. Lawrence, K. N. Singer, R. R. Ghent, submitted. Boulder distributions around young, small lunar impact craters. Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research – Planets. Jawin, E., S. Valencia, R. Watkins, J. Crowell, C. Neal, and G. Schmidt, 2019. Lunar Science for Landed Missions Workshop Findings Report. Earth and Space Science. Clegg-Watkins, R.N., B.L. Jolliff, M.J. Watkins, E. Coman, T.A. Giguere, J.D. Stopar, and S.J. Lawrence (2017). Nonmare Volcanism on the Moon: Photometric Evidence for the Presence of Evolved Silicic Materials, Icarus, 285, 169-184. Boyce, J.M., T.A. Giguere, B.R. Hawke, P.J. Mouginis-Mark, M.S. Robinson, S.J. Lawrence, D. Trang, and R.N. Clegg-Watkins (2017). Hansteen Mons: An LROC Geologic Perspective, Icarus, 283, 254-267. Clegg-Watkins, R. N., B. L. Jolliff, A. Boyd, M. S. Robinson, R. Wagner, J. D. Stopar, and J. B. Plescia (2016). Photometric characterization of the Chang'e-3 landing site using LROC NAC images, Icarus, 273, 84-95. Clegg, R. N., B. L. Jolliff, M. S. Robinson, B. W. Hapke, and J. B. Plescia. Effects of rocket exhaust on lunar soil reflectance properties. Icarus (2014), 227, 176-194. Clegg, R. N. and B. L. Jolliff (2014). Comparing rocket exhaust effects across lunar landing sites using LRO Narrow Angle Camera images, paper 1701 presented at Earth and Space 2014, 14th ASCE Aerospace Division Conference on Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments, Am. Soc. Of Civ. Eng., Saint Louis, MO. Clegg, R. N., B. L. Jolliff, and P.T. Metzger (2012). Photometric Analysis of the Apollo Landing Sites, paper 227 presented at Earth and Space 2012, 13th ASCE Aerospace Division Conference on Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments, Am. Soc. Of Civ. Eng., Pasadena, California. Clegg, R. N., N. J. Accardo, B. L. Jolliff, L. Alkalai, and D. Austerberry (2011). IRIS: Student Collaboration Project for the Proposed MoonRise Mission. 62nd International Astronautical Congress, Cape Town, South Africa.

Selected Conference Abstracts 11 additional first-author and 11 additional co-authored abstracts available upon request Banks, M. E., J. A. Grier, R. N. Watkins, J. D. Clark, C. H. van der Bogert, M. Lemelin, T. M. Hahn Jr., H. Hiesinger (2019). A preliminary look at lunar lobate scarps through comparisons of crater counts, photometry, and optical maturity. 50th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #2557.

Hahn, Jr., T. M., R. N. Watkins, M. S. Robinson, B. L. Jolliff (2019). Photometric analysis of putatitve Tycho impact melt deposits within the Taurus-Littrow Valley: Assessing formation mechanisms for the South Massif light mantle deposit. 50th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf.

Hahn, Jr., T. M., R. N. Watkins, A. R. Schonwald, A. C. Martin, M. S. Robinson, B. L. Jolliff (2019). Local geology and regolith at the Apollo 17 landing site from the perspective of LROC NAC photometric analysis. 50th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf.

Ryan N. Watkins (Clegg) – Curriculum Vitae

Schonwald, A. R., T. M. Hahn Jr., R. N. Watkins, B. L. Jolliff (2019). Correlating NIR spectra and LROC NAC photometric data at sites of direct plagioclase detection. 50th Lunar and Planet Sci. Conf.

Watkins, R. N., K. Mistick, B. L. Jolliff, C. Fogerty, S. Lawrence, K. N. Singer (2018). Determining regolith production rates and landing site safety hazards using boulder distributions around small, young lunar impact craters. American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, Abstract #P23D-2924.

Watkins, R. N., L. R. Ostrach, L. Bleacher, N. E. Petro, T. Casswell, A. Fagan, E. Jawin, H. Meyer, K. Runyon, S. N. Valencia (2018). The Role of the Next Generation Lunar Scientists and Engineers (NextGen) Group in Lunar Science and Exploration. American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, Abstract #ED33E-2580.

Moriarty, D., R. N. Watkins, N. E. Petro (2018). Moon Mineralogy Mapper Data Suggest an Intrusive Magmatic Origin for the Thorium Hotspots within the South Pole-Aitken Basin. American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, Abstract #P21B-07.

Jawin, E., R. N. Watkins, S. Valencia, J. M. Crowell, C. R. Neal, G. K. Schmidt (2018). Return to the Moon: Findings from the Lunar Science for Landed Missions Workshop. American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, Abstract #P23C-2882.

Jolliff, B. L., N. J. Accardo, H. R. Walcek, K. Shirley, R. N. Watkins, M. Zanetti, F. Baum (2018). Significance of Boulders at the Compton-Belkovich Volcanic Complex on the Moon. American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, Abstract #P23C-2887.

Hahn, T., R. N. Watkins, A. Schonwald, A. C. Martin, B. L. Jolliff (2018). Variations in Local Geology and Regolith Properties at Apollo 17: Correlating Photometric Analyses with Soil Composition and Physical Characteristics. American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, Abstract #P13B-08.

Schonwald, A., T. Hahn, R. N. Watkins, B. L. Jolliff (2018). Investigating Local Variations of Lunar Rock Types at Sites of “Purest Anorthosite” Detection. American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, Abstract #P12A-07.

Watkins, R. N., B. L. Jolliff, C. Fogerty, K. Mistick, K. N. Singer, and S. J. Lawrence (2018). Boulder Distributions around young, small lunar impact craters. 49th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #1201.

Watkins, R. N., K. Mistick, B. L. Jolliff, and S. J. Lawrence (2018). Boulder distributions around young lunar impact craters: Case study of South Ray crater. 49th Lunar and Planet Sci. Conf., Abstract #1146.

Hahn Jr., T. M., R. N. Watkins, A. R. Schonwald, B. L. Jolliff (2018). Regional-scale LROC NAC photometric analysis of the Taurus-Littrow Valley: A coordinated investigation and calibration using soil compositional data. 49th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #2637.

Watkins, R. N., B. L. Jolliff, S. J. Lawrence, P. O. Hayne, and R. R. Ghent (2017). Boulder Distributions at Legacy Landing Sites: Assessing Regolith Production Rates and Landing Site Hazards. 48th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #1245. Oral presentation.

Ryan N. Watkins (Clegg) – Curriculum Vitae

B. L. Jolliff, Watkins, R., N. E. Petro, D. P. Moriarty, S. J. Lawrence, J. W. Head, C. M. Pieters, J. J. Hagerty, R. L. Fergason, T. M. Hare, L. R. Gaddis, and P. O. Hayne (2017). Selecting and Certifying Landing Sites for MoonRise in South Pole-Aitken Basin. 48th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #1326. Clegg-Watkins, R. N. and B. L. Jolliff (2016), New insights on lunar surface properties from the perspective of LRO NAC photometry, New Views of the Moon 2 Workshop, Abstract #6028. Oral presentation. Clegg-Watkins, R. N., B. L. Jolliff, and M. J. Watkins (2016). LRO NAC-Derived albedo map of silicic volcanics. 47th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #1125. Oral presentation. Clegg-Watkins, R. N., B. L. Jolliff, N. E. Petro, and S. J. Lawrence (2016). The distribution of mare and cryptomare in the South Pole-Aitken Basin: New perspectives from multiple datasets. 47th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #2072. Poster presentation. Petro, N. E., L. R. Ostrach, R. Clegg-Watkins, B. L. Jolliff, J. T. S. Cahill, P. O. Hayne, and S. C. Mest (2016). Unraveling the geologic history of the South Pole-Aitken Basin interior: A case study of the Bhabha region using multiple remote sensing datasets, in 47th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #2669. Clegg, R. N., B. L. Jolliff, E. Coman (2015). Analysis of compositional variations at non-mare volcanic regions using LROC NAC photometry and spectra of glassy and silicic mineral mixtures. 46th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #1467. Oral presentation. Clegg, R. N., B. L. Jolliff, A. K. Boyd, J. D. Stopar, H. Sato, M. S. Robinson, B. W. Hapke (2014). LROC NAC photometry as a tool for studying physical and compositional properties of the lunar surface, Annual meeting of Lunar Exploration Analysis Group, Abstract #3032. Oral presentation. Clegg, R. N., B. L. Jolliff, M. S. Robinson, B. W. Hapke, and J. B. Plescia (2013). Photometry of lunar landing sites using LROC NAC images and Hapke modeling. 44th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #2171. Poster presentation.

Funded Grants

Project Title: Determining Boulder Size, Frequency, and Range Distributions Around Craters at Spacecraft Landing Sites. Principal Investigator: Dr. Ryan Watkins (Planetary Science Institute) Program Name/Sponsoring Agency: Lunar Data Analysis Program/NASA Performance Period: 08/14/17-07/31/2020 PI Work Commitment: 0.50 FTE for Years 1-2 and 0.33 FTE for Year 3 Grant #80NSSC17K0343

Project Title: TREX: Toolbox for Research and Exploration Principal Investigator: Dr. Amanda Hendrix (Planetary Science Institute) Program Name/Sponsoring Agency: Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute/NASA Performance Period: 06/15/17-06/14/22 Co-I Work Commitment: 0.08 FTE for Years 1-2 and 0.17 FTE for Years 3-5

Ryan N. Watkins (Clegg) – Curriculum Vitae

Project Title: Investigating the Formation and Evolution of the Moon’s Anorthositic Crust Principal Investigator: Dr. Kerri Donaldson Hanna (Brown University) Program Name/Sponsoring Agency: Lunar Data Analysis Program/NASA Performance Period: 12/01/2018 – 11/30/2021 (exact dates TBD) Co-I Work Commitment: 0.17 FTE for Years 1-2 and 0.06 FTE for Year 3

Invited Talks 2018 Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (LEAG) Annual Meeting), Columbia, MD – “Lunar Science for Landed Missions Workshop Findings” 2014 Gateway to Space Conference (hosted by St. Louis Chapter of National Space Society), St. Louis, MO – “Return to the Moon: Scientific and Exploration Objectives” 2009 WoPHY (Women in Physics) Conference, Lincoln, NE – “Physical and Mechanical Properties of Lunar Soil with Application to Lunar Outpost Operations” 2008 NASA MUST (Motivating Undergraduates in Science and Technology) Symposium/SHPE (Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers) Conference, Phoenix, AZ – “Lunar Soil Erosion Physics for Landing Rockets on the Moon” Selected Conference Participation Conferences prior to 2014 available upon request 2018 - Lunar Science for Landed Missions Workshop, NASA Ames, Mountain View, CA – participant, responsible for writing final workshop report. - 49th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, TX – oral presentation; organizer and moderator of Next Generation Lunar Scientists and Engineers workshop. - SSERVI Exploration Science Forum, NASA Ames, Mountain View, CA; oral presentation - American Geophysical Union (AGU) Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C; oral and poster presentations.

2017 - 48th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, TX – oral presentation; organizer and moderator of Next Generation Lunar Scientists and Engineers workshop. - Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (LEAG) Fall Meeting – Columbia, MD – oral presentation - Back to the Moon Workshop – Columbia, MD – participant; assisted in organizing the meeting

2016 - 47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, TX – oral and poster presentations; organizer of Next Generation Lunar Scientists and Engineers workshop. - New Views of the Moon 2 Workshop, Houston, TX – oral presentation - Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (LEAG) Fall Meeting – Columbia, MD – oral presentation; assisted in organizing the meeting

2015 - 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, TX – oral presentation; session chair

Ryan N. Watkins (Clegg) – Curriculum Vitae

- Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (LEAG) Fall Meeting – Columbia, MD – oral presentation

2014 - 45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, TX – oral and poster presentations - Brown-Vernadsky Microsymposium, The Woodlands, TX – oral presentation - American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Earth and Space 2014, St. Louis, MO – oral presentation; session chair. - Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (LEAG) Fall Meeting – Laurel, MD – oral presentation

Professional Activities and Memberships

Next Generation Lunar Scientists and Engineers (NextGen) Organizing Committee (2012 – present) - Member of leadership team (Organizing Committee) - Responsible for social media components (Facebook and Twitter) of the group - Responsible for organizing professional development workshops and networking events Lunar Exploration Analysis Group Executive Committee (2015 – present) - Workforce Chair; assist with Annual Meeting planning Forum for New Leaders in Space Science (October 2015, May 2016) - Joint program between the National Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences to highlight research achievements of bright young scientists and to build informal bridges between the Space Science communities in the US and China. NASA ROSES panelist (6 panels as of 2019) NASA SMD panelist Reviewer for Icarus, Planetary and Space Science, and Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets JPL’s Planetary Science Summer School (August 2013) - Designed a flyby mission to Neptune - Thermal and Programmatics subsystems lead - Imagers team member RASC-AL (Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts – Academic Linkage) Mission Design Competition (June 2013) - Member of student-led team; designed and proposed manned mission to the lunar south pole. - Responsible for organizing the outreach component of the project (see section above). American Geophysical Union (AGU) member

Skills and Certifications SCUBA certified, PADI #14080J8601 USGS Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS3) – 8 years experience ENVI (ENvironment for Visualizing Images) ArcGIS (Geospatial Information Systems) Electron Microprobe (novice) MATLAB programming (novice) BAE SOCET GXP Mapping and Topography training (for DEM generation) completed in October 2017

Ryan N. Watkins (Clegg) – Curriculum Vitae

Awards Received Lunar and Planetary Institute Career Development Award (2015) Best Graduate Student Paper – ASCE Earth and Space Conference (2012) McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Graduate Fellowship recipient (2010 – 2015) NASA Student Ambassador, Cohort 1 (2008 – present) NASA MUST Scholar/Intern (2007 – 2009) Education and Public Outreach

Lunar and Planetary Institute ExMASS High School Research Team Mentor (August 2011 – May 2012; August 2015 – May 2018) - Advisor for the Exploration of the Moon and Asteroids by Secondary Students (ExMASS) program. High School teams carried out research projects and competed for the chance to present at the Solar System Exploration Virtual Institute (SSERVI) annual conference. Served as a judge for final presentations in 2012, and as a team advisor from 2015-2018t.

American Association of University Women guest speaker (May 2018) – spoke at a local branch meeting of the AAUW on my experiences as a woman in STEM. Two high school senior women were awarded scholarships to pursue STEM careers and I was invited to speak during the ceremony.

St. Louis County Library speaker (May 2018) - Presented at a local library on exploring the Moon from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.

Fredericktown School District Outreach Events (January 2017) - Presented on exploring the Moon with LRO to ~800 students in grades 3-5 and 6-8 in the Fredericktown, MO School District (Fredericktown Intermediate School and Kelly A. Burlison Middle School).

Girl Power! Workshop Guest Speaker (November 2016) - Presented on exploring the Moon from orbit to a group of 3rd-6th grade girls participating in a workshop at Kopernik Observatory in New York.

Science in St. Louis Seminar Speaker (May 2016) - Gave a talk entitled “Exploring the Moon from Orbit: Paving the Way for Future Astronaut Explorers” to an audience of 80+ children, students, parents, and community members. This was the largest audience the seminar series has seen so far. The entire presentation is available on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oypzko_c7Go

NASA Student Ambassador (2008 – present) - Appointed by NASA as a student ambassador to inform the public about NASA’s mission and ongoing activities, as well as generate excitement in the younger generation.

Rockwood School District Outreach (2015) - Partnered with the Rockwood School District in St. Louis to give talks about the Solar System to 5th grade students at various elementary schools.

Parkland Science Initiative (2011 – 2015)

Ryan N. Watkins (Clegg) – Curriculum Vitae

- Occasionally gave planetary exploration and robotics talk to middle and high school robotics students in a local school district.

Educator for various Department of Earth and Planetary Science Tour Groups (2010 – 2015) - Local elementary and middle school students frequently tour the Department of Earth and Planetary Science at Washington University in St. Louis. Responsible for leading demonstrations and educational discussions about the Moon for these visits.

St. Louis Astronomical Society (various) - Guest lecturer; gave public lecture about the future of human space exploration in 2013 at a meeting for the St. Louis Astronomical Society. - Currently slated to give another public lecture on exploring the Moon in Summer 2019

High Tech Workshop Keynote Speaker (2012 – 2014) - Keynote speaker at local workshop geared towards educating high school girls on STEM opportunities and careers. The annual High Tech Workshop is organized by a local college and career consultant, whom I have partnered with on various women in STEM initiatives.

Yuri’s Night Organizer (2013) - Lead the organization of a Yuri’s Night party at Washington University in St. Louis for the outreach component of the RASC-AL (Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts – Academic Linkage) Mission Design Competition. - Responsible for advertising the event on social media and through various campus and news outlets. - 150+ college students were in attendance.

Gateway to the Stars at the Gateway Arch (2014) - Guest lecturer; gave invited talk at the St. Louis Arch on the future of human space exploration.

Missouri Space Grant Consortium Pre-College Programs volunteer (2013) - Participated in a program that provided educational STEM activities for elementary and middle school students.

Relevant Interests and Volunteer Activities Peer Mentor President for Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences (2012 –2014) School-wide Peer Mentoring Committee member at Washington University in St. Louis (2013 – 2015) Graduate Student Recruitment Chair for Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences (2011 – 2012) Other interests: space exploration, mission design and implementation, STEM education and outreach

Ryan N. Watkins (Clegg) – Curriculum Vitae

References

Bradley L. Jolliff Scott Rudolph Professor of Earth and Planetary Science Washington University in St. Louis Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Campus Box 1169 1 Brookings Dr. Saint Louis, MO 63130 Ph: 314-935-5622 [email protected]

Noah E. Petro LRO Project Scientist Goddard Space Flight Center Planetary Geodynamics Lab, Code 698 Building 34, Room S294 Greenbelt, MD 20771 Ph: 301-614-6498 Noah.E.Petro@nasa.gov

Clive Neal Professor University of Notre Dame 156 Fitzpatrick Hall Notre Dame, IN 46556 Ph: 574-631-8328 [email protected]

Philip T. Metzger Planetary Physicist University of Central Florida Florida Space Institute 12354 Research Parkway Partnership 1 Building, Suite 214 Orlando, FL 32826 Ph: 321-360-9068 [email protected]

Gregory Schmidt Director Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute NASA Ames Research Center M/S: 17-1 Moffett Field, CA 94038 Ph: 650-604-2611 [email protected]

Ryan N. Watkins (Clegg) – Curriculum Vitae