Jet NOVEMBER Propulsion 2008 Laboratory volume 38

number 11

Busiest year coming up, Elachi says Director delivers ‘State of the Lab’ address

By Mark Whalen Carol Carol Lachata / JPL Photo Lab

With 19 spacecraft currently in operation across did “an excellent job” negotiating a major contract for Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission, a Goddard the solar system, JPL won’t be resting on its laurels the project. “It’s not only the technical people on MSL Space Flight Center–managed, principal investigator anytime soon. In his semiannual state of the Labo- who are critical, it’s everybody,” Elachi said. mission set for a 2013 launch. NASA is also planning a ratory address Oct. 27, JPL Director Charles Elachi The director noted that because more funds were Mars 2016 mission, most likely with a lander and rover. told employees to expect the busiest year ever in needed for Mars Science Laboratory to make its launch, “This will probably need to be defined within the next fiscal 2009. some projects were asked to minimize their budget car- six months,” he said. Noting that this next set of challenges is un- ryover into next year. This action, he said, will not im- JPL’s astrophysics efforts will move forward with derway with the Oct. 22 launch of India’s Chan- pact any project or its funding need for this year. NuStar, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and Kepler drayaan-1, which includes JPL’s Mineralogy Overall, JPL is in “reasonably good shape,” Elachi fully funded. Elachi also noted that NASA has decided Mapper instrument, Elachi said JPL will launch said, despite uncertainty with respect to the NASA bud- JPL will manage an upcoming exoplanet mission, with four missions in calendar year 2009 along with sig- get. Congress passed a continuing resolution through the specific concept not yet fully determined and up for nificant participation in a key pair of missions led March, meaning that until then the agency can only competition. by the European Space Agency. spend at last year’s rate. Non-NASA work, now funded at about $170 million or Launches are planned for the Orbiting Carbon “As of now, even with the continuing resolution, we’re about 10 percent of the Lab’s activities, is expected to Observatory (January), Kepler (April), Mars Sci- looking for a stable year,” he said. “Basically, all of our be “somewhat higher” next year, with a goal of 13 to 15 ence Laboratory (October) and Wide-field Infrared projects are funded and are on track.” percent a few years downstream. “We have been very Survey Explorer (November). JPL also has major In science, beyond Orbiting Carbon Observa- successful in working with agencies other than NASA in instrumentation for the European Space Agency’s tory lies Aquarius, which launches in 2010, and the developing very advanced space technologies,” Elachi Herschel-Planck mission (April launch). Soil Moisture Active and Passive mission, an in-house said. “The technology program is critical for us to be at To be sure, a successful launch for Mars Science project that is approved and in formulation for a 2012 the leading edge.” Laboratory is critical for the Laboratory in the year launch. Also, Elachi reminded the audience that an of- The director noted an unprecedented amount of plan- to come. fice has been formed to coordinate JPL’s contributions ning activity for the Deep Space Network, with “seri- “There’s no question MSL is the toughest thing to understanding global change. Funding has been ous discussion” about developing a set of antennas to this institution has undertaken,” Elachi said. “But acquired to partner with Lawrence Livermore National replace the 70-meter dish by 2015 that would include this is the kind of mission we should be doing; Laboratory. “We want to make contributions that will an investment in optical communication. “We will be we’re not supposed to be doing routine things. make a fundamental difference,” he said. playing a significant role; we’ll be responsible for the “We underestimated how tough MSL was,” he In the planetary area, and Grail are fully funded. deep-space optical communication, while Goddard will continued. “We still have a significant amount of In addition, under study are possible missions to a Titan/ handle near-Earth,” he said. challenges, but the team is making great progress. Saturnian system and a Europa/Jovian system. Elachi Elachi also outlined institutional activities of note. The next three or four months are particularly crit- said NASA Headquarters would decide early next year ical—by January, we will have finished hardware about the sequence in which they will be done. He be- • The new Flight Projects Center, about 70 percent development and the first environmental testing. If lieves the missions will launch in 2016 or later. “In the complete, is on schedule and on cost. The building, we don’t get it done by January and understand all NASA budget profile, there is a significant amount of which will have 620 offices, 20 conference rooms and the issues, it could jeopardize our ability to launch funding in the next couple of years to get one of these an auditorium to hold 450 people, is due for occupancy in 2009. We are not going to launch this mission activities started,” he noted. Announcements of opportu- in July 2009. unless we have done everything possible to mitigate nity are also expected next year for the Discovery (2014 risks. This is a flagship mission, it’s highly visible, launch) and New Frontiers (2016 launch) programs. • Elachi said that in the last two years, the Lab and it will be our highest priority.” Elachi praised the efforts of NASA space science chief has saved 9 million kilowatts of power, resulting in Elachi also noted the key contributions made by Ed Weiler in restoring funding to the Mars Program. “It’s a $500,000 energy rebate from Edison. Further, JPL JPLers who don’t work on the technical aspects critical to have Mars launches at every opportunity,” Facilities has installed a 30-kilowatt photovoltaic sys- of the Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft. He ex- Elachi said. Indeed, following Mars Science Labora- pressed his appreciation to Michele Schneider, who tory, JPL will have program responsibility for the Mars Continued on page 2 2

State of the Lab Continued from page 1 n i v e r s e U

tem on Building 302 and re-roofed 17 buildings with gives technical employees who don’t want to go into • Elachi noted a major accomplishment with the cer- energy-efficient reflective roofing. JPL won a NASA- management the same opportunities to move up to tification of JPL’s procurement system that will provide wide competition for the “Blue Marble” for excellence the highest level at JPL,” Elachi said, thanking Monica “flexibility and authority in doing acquisitions.” in energy management. JPL has a history, he noted, of Garcia and her team in Human Resources for their contributing studies related to energy efficiency efforts efforts. • The director cautioned employees that Congress such as electric cars and solar power, which is cur- has stipulated tight restrictions on conference atten- rently highlighted in a display in Building 111. He also • Elachi said burden budget rates for FY ’09 were dance for NASA in FY ’09. He said JPL would not put praised the Lab’s recently introduced global climate a bit higher than originally expected, but reminded tight restrictions on attendance at all conferences, but change site at http://globalclimatechange.jpl.nasa.gov. staff that the Lab reduced the ’08 burden rate at the will focus on four or five highly attended events. “It end of the year and rebated money back to JPL doesn’t apply specifically to JPL but we need to self- • Elachi expressed appreciation for JPL’s emergency organizations. limit our attendance; if we are not sensitive to it, it preparedness efforts, including a new communications could come back to bite us.” system that will send early alerts first to employees As examples of burden budget spending for FY ’09, who must be at work during a natural disaster or $10.3 million will be invested in a large-scale technol- • Elachi praised the Lab’s outreach efforts. “People other emergency. The system was tested during the ogy test facility—which will provide for testing of very love the kind of thing JPL does. That’s very important, July 29 Chino quake, he said, with good results. He large optics—as well as state of the art equipment because we’re being funded by the taxpayers. It’s very reminded the crowd that JPL will participate in the for the microdevices and photonics labs. Also, alloca- critical we tell them what we’re doing on their behalf.” Nov. 13 “Southern California ShakeOut,” a region-wide tions for research and technology development will be He noted the positive results by the Media Relations earthquake drill and preparedness check—based on a within a few percent of this year’s budget, he said. Office in garnering much media coverage for JPL and potential magnitude 7.8 earthquake—in which many in developing the newly redesigned JPL website. area companies will participate. Elachi praised the ef- • In the Lab’s efforts to prepare the next generation forts of JPL’s Office of Protective Services in helping of JPLers, the director said he was “delighted” that In conclusion, the director quoted his favorite employees prepare for the unexpected, including the last year 183 early career hires joined the Lab, many U.S. President, Teddy Roosevelt, on the value of the establishment of an emergency preparedness website from the top universities in the country. Some of them endeavors JPLers put forth every day. (http://prepare.jpl.nasa.gov). have been assigned to self-defined “small but signifi- cant” projects including a study on the flight boom that “Roosevelt said, ‘Far and away the best prize that • A critical item for FY ’09 is the job classification deploys sensors on the Nuclear Spectroscopic Tele- life has to offer is the chance to work hard at work redesign project. The program defines career paths scope Array and precision landing using sub-orbital worth doing.’ And what we do is not only worth doing, in line management, program/project management rockets. it’s work that’s changing our idea of who we are in this and individual contributors, where the Fellows grade universe, our concept of evolution in the universe and is at the same level—for salaries and benefits—as a • A new graduate fellowship program led by Chief how we came about, and the public thinks we are do- senior project manager or senior line manager. “This Scientist Dan McCleese––open to Americans and ing things that definitely are worth doing.” foreign nationals—will be established in November. 3

Walk to combat n i v e r s e homelessness U Sharing + JPLers are eligible to join the Caltech team partici- pating in HomeWalk, a 5K event that is part of United Way’s campaign to end homelessness in Los Angeles County, to be held Saturday, Nov. 15 at Exposition Caring Park in Los Angeles. HomeWalk is part of United Way of Greater Los through JPL’s Angeles’ year-round campaign to end homelessness, called Pathway Home. The 2008 goal is to recruit an United Way campaign estimated 7,000 people and more than 250 volun- teers to help raise approximately $750,000. Registration will begin at 7:30 a.m., followed by an opening ceremony at 8:30 a.m. HomeWalk begins at United Way campaign underway 9 a.m. All money raised from HomeWalk is distributed JPL’s 2008–09 United Way campaign is now underway through Wednesday, Nov. 26. In concert with the campaign, back into the community to help quickly rehouse the Lab’s annual food drive is also underway through Nov. 20. homeless families and provide permanent housing JPL’s donations of non-perishable food items will go to local community food assistance programs. Collection with supportive services (e.g., job training, substance barrels are located at Building 114, JPL Store lobby; 180, first and second floor lobbies; 198-105, office; 291, abuse treatment) to the chronically homeless. Accord- credit union; 301, second floor entrance; 303, first floor lobby; 601, first floor lobby. ing to United Way of Greater Los Angeles, last year United Way programs focus on helping families meet their basic needs like housing and affordable health care; HomeWalk raised $500,000, helping more than 2,300 improving educational achievement to help all kids graduate from high school and prepare for college and the work- homeless people off the streets and into permanent force; and providing hard-working adults with the economic and employment opportunities they need to provide for housing over the next 12 months. their families’ future. For more information, or to register online as a To donate to United Way, log on to the campaign pledge form at https://nbs.jpl.nasa.gov/login. In the Employee participant, visit http://www.homewalkla.org. To sign Tool Kit, click on the “JPL United Way” link. up for the Caltech team, click on Teams, then Team To find out how United Way is creating pathways out of poverty in the local community, the navigation bar also Listing, and scroll down to Team Caltech. Contact contains a link to the United Way of Greater Los Angeles website. For more information, call JPL’s United Way coor- Caltech’s Christine Boyle at 626-395-1745 for more dinator, Nancy Kapell, at ext. 4-9432. information.

JPL mapper on moon flight

JPL has provided a key instrument onboard India’s first mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-1, which launched from that nation Oct. 22. The Moon Mineralogy Mapper is an imaging spec- trometer whose primary science goal is to characterize and map the mineral composition of the lunar surface to gain information about the moon’s geologic evolu- tion, and will give scientists their first opportunity to examine lunar mineralogy at high spatial and spectral resolution. JPL, which designed, built and tested the instrument and supported spacecraft integration, will manage sci- ence data archiving, processing and distribution to the science team. Scientific observations are expected to The Moon Mineralogy Mapper team. begin about a month after launch. JPL’s Rob Green is instrument scientist and Tom where different kinds of rocks converge, unusual or ploration sites and to locate resources necessary to help Glavich is project manager. The Moon Mineralogy Map- rare compositions and polar regions. The instrument support future lunar explorers. per team includes about 50 engineers and scientists, will also have a primary exploration goal of assess- The Moon Mineralogy Mapper is one of two instruments post-doctoral researchers, graduate and undergraduate ing the mineral resources of the moon at high spatial provided by NASA for the mission. The other is a miniature students from more than a dozen American universities resolution. synthetic aperture radar that will map the polar regions to and research institutions. Along with other Chandrayaan-1 data, Moon Min- look for ice. Targets for the instrument will include such features eralogy Mapper results will be analyzed in decades The Moon Mineralogy Mapper is funded by NASA as a as outcrops exposed at the walls and central peaks ahead to identify and characterize landing and ex- mission of opportunity. For more infor- of large craters, complex volcanic terrain, boundaries mation, visit http://moonmineralogymapper.jpl.nasa.gov. 4 n i v e r s e U s e a r c h f o r l i f e Lab will lead two new intensifies teams in Astrobiology Institute

JPL has been named to lead two new teams in NASA’s Astrobiology Institute to study the origins, evolution, distribution and future of life in the universe.

In the fifth round of team selections since the institute’s founding in 1998, NASA last month awarded five-year grants, averaging $7 million each, to 10 research teams from across the country to become new members of the institute, located at NASA’s Ames Research Center. The newly announced teams will begin their terms in early 2009.

Isik Kanik, manager of the Planetary Science Section, will lead the “Astrobiology of Icy Worlds” team, while Mark Allen, supervisor of the Earth and Planetary Atmospheres Group, will lead “Titan as a Prebiotic Chemical System.” The pair discussed the new teams in recent Universe interviews.

By Mark Whalen

Q: What are your main goals with this new research? How many team members do you have, and how many are from JPL? Kanik: Icy worlds such as Europa, Enceladus, Titan and others are poten- tial hosts to biological compounds and may harbor the greatest volume of Kanik: The Icy Worlds team consists of 47 researchers and education/public habitable space in the solar system. For at least five of these worlds, consid- outreach specialists representing 21 institutions (including 17 universities, erable evidence exists to support the conclusion that oceans or seas may lie two non-profit research organizations and two NASA centers, including JPL) beneath the icy surfaces. The total liquid water reservoir within these worlds in 11 states, and four countries—the United States, France, Iceland and Italy. may be some 30 to 40 times the volume of liquid water on Earth. The majority of the work will be carried out here by 24 JPL investigators Can life emerge and thrive in such cold, lightless oceans beneath many utilizing JPL’s state-of-the-art laboratory and computational facilities. kilometers of ice? And if so, do the icy shells hold clues to life in the subsurface? Allen: There are 16 co-investigators on the science team, besides myself. In Our team’s goal is to answer these questions by pursuing laboratory, nu- addition to six scientists from JPL and four Caltech faculty members, other merical and field investigations into the habitability, survivability and detect- co-investigators are from the University of Arizona, Georgia Institute of Tech- ability of life on icy worlds. These three investigations will collectively form a nology and the Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution. Also, a science technology investigation to develop a path to flight for instruments designed team co-investigator from the Denver Museum of Natural Science will lead to pursue this science further in space. education and public outreach efforts.

Allen: We’re focusing on Titan in the here and now … or maybe back a few How will your data compare with previous studies? How might million years, but not much more than that. Titan is the only place in the it benefit future missions? solar system we know of where there is active organic chemistry and contact between organic chemistry and water, in different forms. Kanik: Results from our investigations will be compared with various obser- There will be three facets to our research: one is to consider the environ- vations obtained by Galileo and Cassini. For example, the Cassini ion neutral ment on Titan, where organics can actually come into contact with water mass spectrometer has been critical for understanding the plume on Encela- in solid or liquid form, and under what circumstances contact would occur. dus and it is currently under discussion for future flagship mission payloads. The second is to consider how complex the chemistry in the atmosphere can With the Icy Worlds laboratory investigations on sputtered microbial cells we evolve. In the third theme, we will explore how the organic chemistry on the will be able to quantify and characterize the mass spectral biosignature of surface can take what’s coming out of the atmosphere and, in the variety of microbes irradiated in ice and provide an assessment of the utility of a ion different situations like impacts or cryovolcanism, can generate even more neutral mass spectrometer for sputtered products around icy worlds such as complex chemical compounts, potentially bringing molecules to the thresh- Europa and Enceladus. old of the origin of life. Other missions that will benefit from this work include two flagship mis- So this whole thing is really centered on chemistry. We’ll use models and sions (Europa Explorer and Titan Explorer) currently under consideration by a lot of laboratory experiments. There is no fieldwork, as with many of the NASA, as well as Jupiter System Observatory (remote observations of the other NAI teams. We’re going to rigorously do experiments under Titan-like conditions to understand in detail what types of processes can go on. Continued on page 5 strument Definition and Development Program). The instruments have not yet not have instruments Program).The Development and Definition strument In- Planetary the TechnologyProgramand and Experiment trobiology Science As- the TechnologyDevelopment, and Instrument AstrobiologyScience (e.g., funding non-NAI with previouslybuilt astrobiologyinstrumentation utilize will demonstration and development technology Our investigation. technology our of focus the is capacity this Advancing space. biosignaturesin detect can Kanik: instrumentation? I futureTitana mission. on made be to measurementspredictionsfor make to experiments laboratory and models of variety a use projectwill environments.Our surface atmosphereand the both in evolve compounds chemical can complexity of level what to as question the prebioticchemistry.elaborate quite to lead could which conditions, some under water liquid for potentiality the or ice water and atmosphereorganicsfromthe between mixing be wheretheremight places ly occur,particular could evolution chemical which at surface the on places ing revealedinteresthave - observations radar The work. our of some calibrating Allen: system. solar the in life for abodes as potential their moreimportantly,about and, provide information worlds these about knowledge our advance bodies icy other and planets outer the of satellites the to missions these as researchcritical, our is of focus The Horizons). (New Belt Kuiper the in planets dwarf icy other and Charonsystem Pluto– the to Vestalargeasteroidsand Ceresand the (), (Cassini), Saturn of the interpretingto resultsfromcurrenthelp missions also will investigation resultsOdyssey.fromthis New Comet as such bodies icy to Frontiers–classmissions New and orbit) fromGanymede system Jupiter s one of your goals the develo the goals your of one s The organic chemistry in Titan’sin motivates organicchemistry it The extremely rich; atmosphereis The existing Cassini data provide motivation and a touch point for point touch a and providemotivation data Cassini existing The “ Yes. The search for life requires instruments and techniques that techniques Yes.requiresand life instruments searchfor The Mark Allen Mark might be on a Titan mission.” Titan a on be might they useful how understand can we then samples, lab on are they useful how see and ratory labo- the in protocols surement mea- test is do will we What

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- achieve? Titanmission. a on be might they useful how understand can we then samples, lab areon they useful how see and laboratory the measurementprotocolsin test is do will we What concepts. instrument in ideas these implement and try to want might others or team the either that such surface, the on atmosphereand the in composition elucidate to useful be would measurementtechniques what Allen: world. icy an to instrument situ astrobiologyin- carry to futuremission a for scale time a estimate to difficult is It flight. for adequate those to closer two or step a levels, higher achieve to expects team our but flight for adequate readinesslevel technology reacheda Kanik: U astrobiology in a different way, a very intense way, for a very specific context. specific very a way,for intense differentvery way,a a astrobiologyin at looking and Titanmission the to strongties the both having institute, the for perspective new astrobiology.provideda doing we approachesto So new board.acrossthe conducting be we’ll experiments the natureof the there’sin sequence; that peptide for potential a into themselves incorporate actually they that find and acids createamino Allen: worlds. icy on life of detectability and habitability, survivability the approach to integrated throughan Earth hereon life of understanding improvingour elsewherewhile life discovering NASA’sfurther Wealso materials. can biological crobialand for capabilities mi- complex measurementsof isotopic and elemental and inventory volatile relevantinorganicenvironmentschemistry,throughorganicbiologically and astrocharacterizing - astrobiologyby advance to is goal ultimate our lion), ltimately, ltimately, The NAI was looking for mission relevance. I think they’re always looking for looking they’realways think relevance.I mission for looking was NAI The We chose not to develop specific instruments, but rather to consider to rather but instruments, specific develop to Wenot chose The best thing would be to see if in a non-biological system you can you system non-biological a in if see to be would thing best The In our investigation (with a total budget of approximately $8.3 mil- approximately$8.3 of budget total a (with investigation our In w hat are the best results you think you might might you think you results best the are hat “ Isik Kanik Isik computational facilities.” computational and laboratory state-of-the-art JPL’s utilizing investigators JPL 24 by here out carried be will work the of majority The

Carol Lachata / JPL Photo Lab

Un i v e r s e 5 S D A D E I F I S S A L C T I M B U S D N A D A E R ATJPL’ online s 6 Pasadena, CA 91109. CA Pasadena, Drive, Grove Oak 4800 Laboratory,Propulsion Jet the of Education and Communications of Office the by published is Universe Un i v e r s e [email protected] http://dailyplanet David Hinkle David Audrey Steffan Audrey JPL Photo Lab Photo JPL Photography Production Design Whalen Mark Editor B N news E-mail

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