Turning Points and Nuclear Choices ~
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Islamist Politics in South Asia After the Arab Spring: Parties and Their Proxies Working With—And Against—The State
RETHINKING POLITICAL ISLAM SERIES August 2015 Islamist politics in South Asia after the Arab Spring: Parties and their proxies working with—and against—the state WORKING PAPER Matthew J. Nelson, SOAS, University of London SUMMARY: Mainstream Islamist parties in Pakistan such as the Jama’at-e Islami and the Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Islam have demonstrated a tendency to combine the gradualism of Brotherhood-style electoral politics with dawa (missionary) activities and, at times, support for proxy militancy. As a result, Pakistani Islamists wield significant ideological influence in Pakistan, even as their electoral success remains limited. About this Series: The Rethinking Political Islam series is an innovative effort to understand how the developments following the Arab uprisings have shaped—and in some cases altered—the strategies, agendas, and self-conceptions of Islamist movements throughout the Muslim world. The project engages scholars of political Islam through in-depth research and dialogue to provide a systematic, cross-country comparison of the trajectory of political Islam in 12 key countries: Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Syria, Jordan, Libya, Pakistan, as well as Malaysia and Indonesia. This is accomplished through three stages: A working paper for each country, produced by an author who has conducted on-the-ground research and engaged with the relevant Islamist actors. A reaction essay in which authors reflect on and respond to the other country cases. A final draft incorporating the insights gleaned from the months of dialogue and discussion. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit organization devoted to independent research and policy solutions. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. -
REFORM OR REPRESSION? Post-Coup Abuses in Pakistan
October 2000 Vol. 12, No. 6 (C) REFORM OR REPRESSION? Post-Coup Abuses in Pakistan I. SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................................2 II. RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................................................................................................................3 To the Government of Pakistan..............................................................................................................................3 To the International Community ............................................................................................................................5 III. BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................................................5 Musharraf‘s Stated Objectives ...............................................................................................................................6 IV. CONSOLIDATION OF MILITARY RULE .......................................................................................................8 Curbs on Judicial Independence.............................................................................................................................8 The Army‘s Role in Governance..........................................................................................................................10 Denial of Freedoms of Assembly and Association ..............................................................................................11 -
An Indian History of Numbers
OPINION NATURE|Vol 459|4 June 2009 and supervisors were all cleared of misconduct in the final report, they could have been more Buddha is said to have wooed curious about his results. Similarly, when Schön his future wife by reeling off a applied for patents, he was not required to show huge number series. or have others sign his laboratory notebook — his use of which is questionable. It must also be noted that an accusation of SOLTAN/SYGMA/CORBIS F. misconduct is not a finding. And an incorrect or false accusation can ruin reputations or destroy careers, even if the accusation is later recognized as wrong. This puts a burden on institutions that requires thought and investigation before public disclosure, which slows the process. Reich opines that the memory of this particular affair will fade. But the possibility of scientific misconduct cannot be eradicated. Many people are involved in educating scientists at all stages of their careers to keep the possibility of scientific fraud, plagiarism, conflict of interest and other unethical behaviour before them. For example, at a 2003 workshop that I convened in London, more than 70 international partici- pants, including publishers, editors and working scientists, discussed aspects of unethical behav- iour, as well as the Schön affair. The result was a An Indian history of numbers set of guidelines that was adopted, after minor modification, by the council of the International In a world divided by culture, politics, religion sciences. Another reason is that many ancient Union of Pure and Applied Physics (see http:// and race, it is a relief to know one thing that Indian mathematical texts have long been tinyurl.com/iupap-ethics). -
Washington's Handprints Found in Pakistan Crisis Management
Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 20, Number 29, July 30, 1993 Washington's handprints found in Pakistan crisis management by Susan B. Maitra and Ramtanu Maitra The three-month crisis in Pakistan, which took a full-blown whom are retired Anny men, have also been named. fonn on April 18 with the President dissolving Parliament and sacking the prime minister, has gone into a temporary u.s. meddling lull, with both the President, Ghulam Ishaq Khan, and the Prior to and throughout the crisis, one major player re prime minister, Nawaz Sharif, agreeing to step down. A mained in the shadows, namely Washington. Prime Minister caretaker prime minister and a caretaker President have as Sharif got on the wrong side of Washington when Arab lead sumed control at the center and four provinces of Pakistan, ers, allies of the United States, began complaining early this and preparations for the Oct. 6 national assembly and the year about the training of Muslim guerrillas in Pakistan by Oct. 9 provincial assembly elections have begun. the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence, under the tutelage The crisis had turned into a sordid drama and the country of Javed Nasir, an orthodox Muslim and a close follower of was increasingly ungovernable.During this period, the duly the prime minister. elected Nawaz Sharif governmentand the National Assembly Although Nawaz Sharif had supported the U.S. role in were dissolved by the President, who was already engaged the Gulf war and bent over backwards to accommodate the in a bitter feud with the prime minister. -
Imports-Exports Enterprise’: Understanding the Nature of the A.Q
Not a ‘Wal-Mart’, but an ‘Imports-Exports Enterprise’: Understanding the Nature of the A.Q. Khan Network Strategic Insights , Volume VI, Issue 5 (August 2007) by Bruno Tertrais Strategic Insights is a bi-monthly electronic journal produced by the Center for Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. The views expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of NPS, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Introduction Much has been written about the A.Q. Khan network since the Libyan “coming out” of December 2003. However, most analysts have focused on the exports made by Pakistan without attempting to relate them to Pakistani imports. To understand the very nature of the network, it is necessary to go back to its “roots,” that is, the beginnings of the Pakistani nuclear program in the early 1970s, and then to the transformation of the network during the early 1980s. Only then does it appear clearly that the comparison to a “Wal-Mart” (the famous expression used by IAEA Director General Mohammed El-Baradei) is not an appropriate description. The Khan network was in fact a privatized subsidiary of a larger, State-based network originally dedicated to the Pakistani nuclear program. It would be much better characterized as an “imports-exports enterprise.” I. Creating the Network: Pakistani Nuclear Imports Pakistan originally developed its nuclear complex out in the open, through major State-approved contracts. Reprocessing technology was sought even before the launching of the military program: in 1971, an experimental facility was sold by British Nuclear Fuels Ltd (BNFL) in 1971. -
1 CURRICULUM VITAE for PERVEZ AMIRALI HOODBHOY Birth
CURRICULUM VITAE for PERVEZ AMIRALI HOODBHOY Birth: 11 July 1950, Karachi, Pakistan Phone: 92-301-226-0153 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Marital Status: Married, two daughters Education: Karachi Grammar School: 1955--1968 B.S. (Mathematics) Mass. Inst. of Technology (1973) B.S. (Electrical Engineering) Mass. Inst. of Technology (1973) M.S. (Solid State Physics) Mass. Inst. of Technology (1973) Ph.D(Nuclear Physics) Mass. Inst. of Technology (1978) Research Interests: Quantum chromodynamics, hard processes, spin phenomena, supersymmetry, quark effects in nuclei, many body theory, conformal field theory, physics of extra dimensions, holography, topology and quantum mechanics. Work Experience: 1. 2012-2020: Distinguished Professor of Physics and Mathematics, Forman Christian College- University, Lahore. 2. 2010-2012: Professor of Physics, LUMS University, Lahore. 3. 1973-2010: Professor of Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad (start as lecturer). Short-Term Post-Doc and Summer Visiting Positions: 1. University of Washington 2. Carnegie Mellon University 3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4. University of Maryland 5. CERN 6. International Center for Theoretical Physics 7. Social Sciences: Woodrow Wilson School, Program on Science and Global Security, Princeton University 8. Social Sciences: Tufts University Other Paid Positions: 1. Technician, Particle Optics Laboratory, M.I.T (1971) 2. Electronics Design Engineer, General Radio Corporation, Massachusetts (1972). 3. Columnist for The Express Tribune, 2011-2013. 1 4. Columnist for Dawn, 2014-present. Other Positions and Responsibilities: 1. Chairman of Mashal, a Lahore-based non-profit organization for the publication of books on modern thought in the Urdu language. This organization has averaged one book a month for the past 25 years. -
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002
Description of document: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002 Requested date: 2002 Release date: 2003 Posted date: 08-February-2021 Source of document: Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20505 Fax: 703-613-3007 Filing a FOIA Records Request Online The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. 1 O ct 2000_30 April 2002 Creation Date Requester Last Name Case Subject 36802.28679 STRANEY TECHNOLOGICAL GROWTH OF INDIA; HONG KONG; CHINA AND WTO 36802.2992 CRAWFORD EIGHT DIFFERENT REQUESTS FOR REPORTS REGARDING CIA EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS 36802.43927 MONTAN EDWARD GRADY PARTIN 36802.44378 TAVAKOLI-NOURI STEPHEN FLACK GUNTHER 36810.54721 BISHOP SCIENCE OF IDENTITY FOUNDATION 36810.55028 KHEMANEY TI LEAF PRODUCTIONS, LTD. -
The International Security Assistance Force, and This Offer for All United Nations and Other Personnel of International Was Accepted on 20 December
OPERATIONS Authors collection An ISAF patrol providing counter-rocket overwatch in the Bagrami district, east of Kabul. THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ASSISTANCE FORCE: THE ORIGINS OF A STABILIZATION FORCE by Dr. Sean M. Maloney In the minds of many in Afghanistan there’s not much successful take down of the Al Qaeda–Taliban alliance, that difference between the [Operation ENDURING FREE- state of affairs would not be realized. Canada played a salient DOM] coalition and ISAF. We’re the ones who made and effective role in Operation “Enduring Freedom,” but it possible for the Afghan people to eschew the role of withdrew its ground forces when they could not be sustained the gun. after six months. The destruction of Al Qaeda facilities and support in Afghanistan contributed to protecting North America Richard Armitage, from further attack, and this alone justified Canadian partici- United States Deputy Secretary of State, June 2002 pation. Risking Canadian lives in pursuit of that aim is easily understood. But, asking Canadians to risk their lives so that he decision by the Chrétien Government to commit Afghanistan can be stabilized and rebuilt is not as clear cut, the Canadian Army to serve with the International especially when the question of who benefits from all that effort Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan is addressed. What, exactly, was ISAF created do, both ostensibly for one year is troubling. Outside of the main cities, and actually? How did it evolve? And what of the future?2 Afghanistan is what might be described as a post- TApocalyptic environment in the wake of what amounts to a ISAF: THE DIPLOMACY twenty-five year ‘civil war’. -
An Interview with Professor Pervez Hoodbhoy by Mustafa Qadri
Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies Vol. 2, No. 2 (2010) An Interview with Professor Pervez Hoodbhoy By Mustafa Qadri For three decades Pervez Hoodbhoy, a Professor of Particle Physics at Qaid-e- Azam University in Islamabad, has been promoting science and humanism in Pakistan. His was one of the earliest voices to sound the alarm not only against the Pakistan Taliban movement but also against the perils of developing nuclear weapons and the deepening religious intolerance that has been aided in large part by the Pakistan state. In this fascinating and insightful encounter, journalist Mustafa Qadri speaks with Professor Hoodbhoy about science, Islam, and the challenges faced by Pakistan. MQ: There is a tendency in Muslim communities to look at past advancements in science by Muslim societies. In Pakistan, the development of the nuclear bomb was hailed as a marvel of modern Islamic science. What do you think is the relationship between Islam and science today? PH: Well, of course theological inquiry has nothing to do with the physical sciences today and it can provide no guidance in my opinion. Theology relates to an entirely different set of issues. It has to do with how humans perceive their role in the universe, what is right, what is wrong, what is the purpose of life, and so forth. Whereas natural science has a very defined purpose; which is to understand the workings of the natural universe. And I’m afraid that religion, any religion, no longer has anything to say about how we should investigate nature, what we expect to find. -
Pakistan's Atomic Bomb and the Search for Security
Pakistan's Atomic Bomb And The Search For Security edited by Zia Mian Gautam Publishers 27 Temple Road, Lahore, Pakistan Printed by Maktaba Jadeed Press, Lahore, Pakistan ©1995 by Zia Mian A publication of the Campaign for Nuclear Sanity and the Sustainable Development Policy Institute Acknowledgements No book is ever produced in isolation. This one in particular is the work of many hands, and minds. Among the people whose contribution has been indispensable, special mention must be made of Nauman Naqvi from SDPI. There is Gautam Publishers, who have taken the risk when others have not. The greatest debts are, as always, personal. They are rarely mentioned, can never be paid, and payment is never asked for. It is enough that they are remembered. Contents Foreword Dr. Mubashir Hasan i Introduction Dr. Zia Mian 1 1. Nuclear Myths And Realities Dr. Pervez Hoodbhoy 3 Bombs for Prestige? 4 Understanding May 1990 8 The Overt-Covert Debate 11 Nuclear War - By Accident 16 The Second Best Option 17 Options for Pakistan 21 2. A False Sense Of Security Lt.-Gen. (rtd.) Mujib ur Rehman Khan 24 A Matter of Perception 25 Useless Nukes 26 A Sterile Pursuit 28 3. The Costs Of Nuclear Security Dr. Zia Mian 30 The Human Costs of Nuclear Programmes 31 Nuclear Accidents 35 Nuclear Guardians 38 Buying Security with Nuclear Weapons 40 The Real Cost of Nuclear Weapons 44 Safety 48 The Social Costs of Nuclear Security 51 Who Benefits? 53 The Ultimate Costs of Nuclear Security 56 4. The Nuclear Arms Race And Fall Of The Soviet Union Dr. -
Pakistan's Nuclear Proliferation Activities and The
Order Code RL32745 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Pakistan’s Nuclear Proliferation Activities and the Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission: U.S. Policy Constraints and Options Updated March 16, 2005 Richard P. Cronin, Coordinator Specialist in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division K. Alan Kronstadt Analyst in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Sharon Squassoni Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Pakistan’s Nuclear Proliferation Activities and the Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission: U.S. Policy Constraints and Options Summary In calling for a clear, strong, and long-term commitment to support the military- dominated government of Pakistan despite serious concerns about that country’s nuclear proliferation activities, The Final Report of the 9/11 Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States cast into sharp relief two long-standing contradictions in U.S. policy towards Pakistan and South Asia. First, in over fifty years, the United States and Pakistan have never been able to align their national security objectives except partially and temporarily. Pakistan’s central goal has been to gain U.S. support to bolster its security against India, whereas the United States has tended to view the relationship from the perspective of its global security interests. Second, U.S. nuclear nonproliferation objectives towards Pakistan (and India) repeatedly have been subordinated to other U.S. goals. During the 1980s, Pakistan successfully exploited its importance as a conduit for aid to the anti-Soviet Afghan mujahidin to deter the application of U.S. -
Survey March 7-30, 2009 Survey Methodology
IRI Index Pakistan Public Opinion Survey March 7-30, 2009 Survey Methodology • In-person, in-home interview • National representative sample of adult residents of Pakistan. • n = 3,500 • Conducted between March 7-30, 2009 • Margin of error ± 1.66 percent overall • Data collected by Socio Economic Development Consultants (SEDCO) • A multi-stage probability sample was used. In the first stage, the sample was stratified into four provinces. In the second stage, the sample was further stratified into districts within each province by rural and urban categories. In the third stage eachdistrict was further stratified by Union Councils. • The sample was distributed at the provincial level, rural and urban, in all four provinces of Pakistan (except for the Federally Administrative Tribal Areas (FATA), Chitral and Kohistan). The sample was then post-weighted to make it proportionate to national representation by province. • The eligibility criteria is age, which for this survey is 18 years and above. • The response rate was just over 90percent. • The interview teams were comprised of both of males and females;the female respondents were interviewed by female interviewers and male respondents by male interviewers. • Kish method was used to select respondents 18 years and older within the randomly selected household. The right hand method was used to select every third household in localities selected through area probability sample. • The information in this report has been compiled in accordance with international standards for market and social