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North Dakota State Library MAY 6 1976 NORTH DAKOTA STATE LIBRARY L-\ 33 05 00028 3778

NORTH DAKOTA PLACE NAMES NORTH DAKOTA BOOK OR AUTHOR

MARY ANN BARNES WILLIAMS

Hortfe Dakota State Library Bismarck, ND 58501

BISMARCK TRIBUNE 35636 DEDICATION: To my valued friend Marie W. Huber, daughter of Bismarck pioneers, who sug­ gested and encouraged me to compile this histori­ cal data and publish it in book form. Having spent her adult life time in educational work, she knows the need in our public schools and libraries for reference material bearing on North Dakota.

MARY ANN BAENES WILLIAMS WASHDUHN, NORTH DAKOTA JANUARY, 1966

Thru the generositij of the heirs of Mary Ann Barnes Williams this book reprinted 1973 by the McLean County Historical Society. CONTENTS Adams 5 McLean 169 Barnes 7 Mercer 186 Benson 19 Morton 193 Billings 29 Mountrail 205 Bottineau 32 Nelson 212 Bowman 40 Oliver 217 Burke _ 44 Pembina _ 219 Burleigh 47 Pierce 231 Cass 58 Ramsey 234 Cavalier 74 Ransom 241 Dickey 82 Renville 249 Divide 91 Richland 252 Dunn 96 Rolette :..... 264 Eddy 101 Sargent 274 Emmons 104 Sheridan 283 Foster 110 286 Golden Valley 114 Slope _.... _ 288 Grand Forks 116 Stark 291 Grant 127 Steele 296 Griggs 132 Stutsman 299 Hettinger 136 Towner 310 Kidder 140 Traill 315 LaMoure 145 Walsh 322 Logan 150 Ward ~ 331 McHenry 152 Wells 340 Mcintosh 159 Williams .344 McKenzie 162 PREFACE Compiling the origins of North Dakota place names which began in 1955 is a very painstaking study since there are many controversies over place names. Many places have no written record. Locations have vjaried from time to time as to township and county lines. Information from original residents is difficult to ob­ tain and often indefinite. In some instances it seems that time and change have put a silent seal on the record of many worthy pioneers and the places they established. The chief aim of this study has been to find the origin of the name of places white men have estab­ lished and named — not geographical names nor Indian villages, although the location and facts of historical significance are often included. References as to data are listed by numbers and the reference used is enclosed in parenthesis, whereby the information may be checked and more obtained. Statements for which sources are not given are based on personal observation, common knowledge or reason­ able inferences. Although great care has been taken to eliminate errors of statements and dates, in a work of this kind it can be neither wholly complete nor completely accurate. Compiling the origins of place names in North Da­ kota's 53 counties has eventually been completed and the 11 books revised and all published in this one volume. ADAMS COUNTY BENTLEY: A post office was established by 1905 on Sec. 4-131-92 in the sod home of the postmaster, Homer W. Bentley, who in 1907 moved it into the store nearby which he erected and operated until 1910, when it was discontinued. The store was sold then to his brother, A. A. Bent­ ley of LaCrosse, Wise, who moved it 15 miles northeast to the railroad in Hettinger County and established the town of Liberty. (Mpls. Sun. Tribune 6/26/60) BUCYKUS: For a brief time in 1907 while the Milwaukee railroad was being built through the southeastern section of the county this settlement was called DOLAN for C. R. Dolan, a railroad contractor, who had established a store here. This name however was not accept­ able to the Postal Dept., as there was a Dolan post office in South Da­ kota. While the grading was going on, the question of a name for the new town was being discussed. Some one noticed the trade name Bu- cyrus () on the steam shovel in use on the grade and suggested this name be given the town. It was submitted and accepted. The post office was established Feb. 11, 1908 with William N. Worra, postmaster. Incorporated as a village in 1918. (45, Nov. 1950, p. 12; 80) CEDAR: Named for the Red or Badlands cedar, which grows in abun­ dance here on the north or northwest sides of the gumbo buttes and canyons. This rural post office was established in Sec. 30-132-94 on March 4, 1908 with Anton J. Serbus, postmaster; in 1912 it was moved to the home of Herman F. Schneider; discontinued June 31, 1918, and mail sent to Mott. (10, p. 733; 80) CHANDLER: A post office in SW^ Sec. 13 of Chandler Twp. estab­ lished March 18, 1907 with David E. Elliott, postmaster; discontinued July 15,1930 and mail sent to Burt. Both post office and township were named for Shad Chandler, an early cattleman in this area. (80) COOK: An inland post office on the South Fork of the Cannon Ball River established May 22, 1908 in the ranch home of C. M. Cook with Ella Cook, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 16, 1911 and mail sent to Lemmon, S. D. (80) DOLAN: See BUCYRUS. GADSEN: See HAYNES. GILSTRAP: See WOLF BUTTE.

HAYNES: Originally named GADSEN for an employee of the C.M.& St.P.R.R. when the station was established in 1906, in Sec. 29, Clermont Twp. When the main line of railroad was constructed through N. D. in 1907 the name was changed to Haynes for George B. Haynes, the 5 railroad's general passenger and immigration agent. The Haynes post office was established April 2, 1908 with Albert Guerkink, postmaster. Incorporated as a village Aug. 5, 1910. (12, 3/26/55; 75, 9/12/55, p. 1; 80) HENDLEY: A rural post office established Dec. 24, 1904 with William F. Thompson, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 15, 1909. Named for Hend- ley, Nebraska. (80) HETTINGER: Named for the township and county in which it was founded. Hettinger County was named by E. A. Williams, territorial legislator and U. S. surveyor general when the county was created in 1883, for his father-in-law Mathias Hettinger of Freeport, 111. Adams County was created from Hettinger County in 1907 and the town of Hettinger designated the county seat. The post office was established May 17, 1907 with Edward C. Barry, postmaster. Hettinger incorpor­ ated as a city in 1916. (5, p. 497; 6, 439; 75 9/12/40, p. 1; 80) LEFF: See REEDER. LEIGH: A rural post office in Sec. 28 Cedar Twp. established May 17, 1907 with Wendell White, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 30, 1918 and mail sent to Hettinger. Named for Leigh, Nebraska (80) LLOYD: A rural post office at the forks of South Cannon Ball River established June 8, 1908 with William M. Vanderley, postmaster; dis­ continued Aug. 31, 1911 and mail sent to Petrel. Origin of name not known. (80) NORTH LEMMON: A Milwaukee Rwy. loading station in Sec. 35, North Lemmon Twp. established in 1906. Named for the township, which was named for George E. Lemmon, an extensive land owner and rancher in this area. PETREL: A railroad station in Sec. 35 of Gilstrap Twp. named for several species of long-winged sea birds or cape-pigeons, "the stormy petrel" seen in this area. A short-lived post office was established here Feb. 8, 1908 with Allen G. Elliott, postmaster; discontinued June 5, 1908 and mail sent to Rhame. (10, p. 778; 80) PIERSON: A post office established Feb. 16, 1898 in the home of the postmaster, James A. Pierson, who homesteaded along Chanta Peta Creek; discontinued Nov. 30, 1914 and mail sent to Bucyrus. (34, p. 51; 80) REEDER: The post office at this point was originally named LEFF, for the Leff brothers, Albert and Charles, ranchers and mine operators, on land, one mile of the present town of Reeder. The Leff post office was established here Nov. 15, 1907 with Henry W. O'Dell, post­ master. After the Milwaukee R. R. reached this area, a railroad town- site was platted and named Reeder for E. A. Reeder, assistant chief en- 6 gineer of the railroad. The post office was moved to the townsite and renamed Reeder, May 29, 1908. Reeder incorporated as a village on May 5, 1909. (7, p. 325; 45; 73; 80) SCHNELBY: A rural post office near the center of the county estab­ lished June 4, 1907 in the home of the postmaster, Henry L. Schnelby; discontinued July 15,1909. (80) SPRING BUTTE: An inland post office midway between Timber and Cedar Creeks; named for a neighboring butte; established April 3, 1912 in the home of the postmaster, Walter C. Howard; discontinued July 31, 1915 and mail sent to Lemmon, S. D. (80) STOWERS: A rural post office named for Mason B. and Charles E. Stowers, who came to the county in 1906 and settled on Sec. 29 on the south bank of the Cedar River in South Fork Twp. The post office was established March 19, 1907 with Mason B. Stowers, postmaster; discon­ tinued Dec. 31, 1920 and mail sent to Thunder Hawk. (80) THEBES: A rural post office in the southeastern part of the county of short duration was established May 22, 1908 with Louis A. Lattler, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 29, 1908 and mail sent to Petrel. Ori­ gin of name not known. (80) VOLBERG: A post office established Nov. 15, 1907 on the homestead of the postmaster, Jacob L. Hjort near Reeder; rescinded Jan. 15, 1908. Named for the postmaster's daughter Volborg, although it is spelled differently. (6, p. 524; 80) WOLF BUTTE: An inland post office in Sec. 26, Wolf Butte Twp.; which was named for the butte thereby. The butte was so named for there were large wolf dens on all sides of it. The post office was ori­ ginally named GILSTRAP for Charles Gilstrap, the first settler in the township; his home was on SW^ Sec. 33. The first post master was Thomas R. Larver. The post office name was soon changed to WOLF BUTTE, Feb. 2, 1907 with Wm. N. Worra, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 14, 1907 and mail sent to Dolan. (80)

BARNES COUNTY ABBOTTS: A rural post office established June 7, 1880 in the home of the postmaster Frank H. Abbotts. Discontinued Oct. 21, 1882 and mail sent to Valley City. ALDERMAN: On Dec. 16, 1885 a post office was established in the farm home of the postmaster, John Alderman, ten miles north of Val­ ley City on Sec. 35-142-58. (38, vol. 3, no. 10, p. 191) 7 ALGEO: A rural post office in the northern part of the county was established in the home of the postmaster, Alex K. Algeo on Sec. 11- 143-57 on Dec. 19,1890; discontinued May 15,1909 and mail sent to Hope, in Steele County. (11, p. 248; 80) ALTA: See PEAK. ASHTABULA: An early day post office named for the nearby lake established Oct. 23, 1882 with John B. Rich, postmaster, in his home which was located at the ford in the Sheyenne River near Ashtabula Lake. Some think the lake was named by the Indians, others think it was named by the early land seekers from Ashtabula County, Ohio. James Fisk's immigrant trains used this crossing on their way to the gold fields in 1862 and 1863. It was used twice by the Sibley military expedition in 1863 and later by travelers on the Fort Ransom- Fort Totten Trail. Deep ruts made by the wagon trains can still be traced across this river valley. The post office was discontinued Sept. 4,1908. (20, p. 28; 80) BAIRD: See GORMAN- BARNES: Originally this post office established July 14, 1873 in Sec. 11-137-60, was named BURBANK for John A. Burbank, Dakota Terri­ torial from 1869-1874. The name was changed by act of the legislature Sept. 29,1884 and named BARNES for its county, which was named for Judge Alanson H. Barnes, Associate Justice of D. T. from 1872-1881. The post office was discontinued Jan. 1, 1901 and mail sent to Grisw'old. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BEREA: The Northern Pacific built a loading station in 1884 on the NW'/j Sec. 23-140-50; a post office named for Berea, Kentucky, was es­ tablished here Jan. 4, 1896 with Ellsworth J. Holliday, postmaster; dis­ continued Oct. 24, 1896. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BINGHAMTON: See LUCCA. BIRCH: A post office established in Birch Coulee, May 1, 1894 with James Burchell, postmaster, was never in operation and was rescind­ ed May 20,1896. (80)

BOOTH: A Northern Pacific loading station built in 1893 on the Ey2 Sec. 19-142-59. It was merely a spur and dirt loading platform, which was removed in Oct., 1897, at the time of the Rogers consolidation, (see Rogers). Named for the Booth P.O., one mile west, which was named for A. A. Booth, an 1879 pioneer settler. (38, vol. 1 & 3, no. 10; p. 191) BRACKET: See KOLDOK. BURBANK: See BARNES. CAMP ARNOLD: At this historic site, four miles north of the present town of Oriska, Gen. Sibley's military expedition made one of its over­ night camps here, Aug. 14-15, 1863. Sibley named the camp Arnold, for one of his officers. The marked graves of two young soldiers of this expedition, Andrew Moore and James Ponsford are here. (17, p. 59; 19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 108) (80) CAMP CORNING: A granite monument marks the site, seven miles northeast of Dazey on the SE'/i, Sec. 7-143-58, where the Sibley Expe­ dition camped July 16-17, 1863; on the high rolling prairie between the Sheyenne River and Bald Hill Creek. It was named for Capt. Edward Corning, attached to Sibley's staff as quartermaster. (7, p. 308; 17, p. 59; 19, vol. 2, p. 124; 9, vol. 13, no. 1 & 2, p. 90) CAMP JOHNSON: Here in a coulee by Birch Creek, two miles east of Hastings, in 1839, Jean N. Nicollet and Lt. John C. Freemont camped with the first exploration expedition sent into this area by the Federal government. Then in Aug. 1863, a detachment of the Sibley Expedi­ tion under Col. Samuel McPhail, also camped here, naming the site CAMP JOHNSON for one of the officers. Later in 1867-72, the Fort Totten-Fort Ransom trail crossed this coulee. (7, p. 303; 19, vol. 13, nos. 1 & 2, pp. 80, 90) CAMP SHEARDOWN: A bronze tablet marks the site of Sibley's Expedition camp of July 14, 1863. It is named for Dr. Samuel B. Shear- down of the Tenth Minn. Inf. The location of the site is on the NW1/!. Sec. 2-139-98. A few rifle pits dug for camp protection are still visible. (19, vol. 2, p. 120) CAMP SMITH: On July 15,1863, Sibley's expedition party established a camp on W'/o Sec. 30-141-57, now known as the August Adams farm, a few miles northeast of Valley City. It was named for Lucius B. Smith of the expedition. (19, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 12.) CAMP WEISER: This historic site twelve miles west of Enderlin, on the /i Sec. 28-137-58 where Sibley's Expedition camped July 13-14, 1863 was named for Dr. Joseph Weiser, the surgeon with the First Min­ nesota Mounted Rangers, who was later killed in the Battle of Big Mound. The shallow earthworks are now nearly obliterated, that pro­ tected the flanks of the camp, not covered by shallow lakes nearby. (19, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 79; 19, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 120; 20, p. 289) CARLTON: See ORISKA.

CHARLESTON: A short lived rural post office in the northeast cor­ ner of the county established March 17, 1881 with Francis Sherman, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 21, 1881. Origin of name not known. (80) 9 CLARK CITY: A townsite platted in the 1880s on Sec. 23-138-61 that never materialized. Origin of the name not definite, but it is claimed to be named for and promoted by David W. Clark, a prominent printer of Valley City. CLIVE. When this Soo Line station was established in 1892 on the NW14. Sec. 31-142-59, C. J. Parker, who was in the mercantile business here was given the privilege of naming it. From a long list of names given him, he selected Olive; sent in his choice—the telegrapher mis­ took O for C and so it became known as CLIVE. Others claim it is an English place name. The townsite was platted in Dec. 1892 by the Loan and Trust Co. The post office was established July 11, 1893 with Galencia J. Parker, postmaster. In Oct. 1897 the station was removed to Rogers. The post office was moved there on April 25, 1898 and most of the buildings were moved soon after; until by March 1899 Clive townsite was vacated. This consolidation with Rogers was at the intersection of the Sanborn branch of the Northern Pacific and the Soo Line. (11, p. 206; 38, vol. 3, no. 10, p. 196) CUBA: Soo Line officials are said to have selected this name because of national interest in the island of Cuba, about the time the road was built through here in 1892 and established this station on the SW]/i. Sec. 27-139-57. Others think it may have been named for Cuba, in Al­ legheny County, New York, the birthplace of J. E. Weiser, an 1880 pioneer, who had large land holdings in this area. The post office was established here Dec. 15, 1900 with Louis O. Lund, postmaster; discon­ tinued July 1,1907. A small townsite was platted in Oct. 1907 by John Anderson, of , Minn. (11, p. 233; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) DAILEY: This rural post office established April 13, 1881 in the home of the postmaster, James Dailey, was named SHEYENNE for the river nearby; discontinued March 28, 1882; reestablished a short distance away on the NW'/j, Sec. 2-137-58 with Ole P. Hjelde, postmaster and renamed DAILEY for James Dailey, local land holder and elected county commissioner in 1880 and served two terms. He was an expert wooden bridge builder, before the advent of iron bridges, for he built bridges that resisted spring floods. (38, vol. 3, no. 10, p. 192; 80) DAZEY: Located in the northern part of the county on the Sanborn branch of the Northern Pacific on Sec. 19-143-59 in 1883. It was named for C. T. Dazey, dramatic author, who with his father, Mitchell Dazey, came to this area in April 1882; donated one-half section of land for this townsite that bears his name. It was surveyed and platted by J. M. Burrell, in Sept. 1883. Mail was received from Sanborn by Star Mail Route until the post office was established Jan. 17, 1884 with John H. Little, postmaster. The Cargill Elevator Co., erected the first build­ ing. The village was incorporated in 1904. (38, vol. 3, no. 9, p. 174; 80) 10 EASTEDGE: The Northern Pacific built a station in 1900 on NE14 Sec. 29-137-57, which retained the name of the construction camp on the east edge of the Sheyenne River Valley, that was on this site when the railroad was being built. The post office was established here June 27, 1902 with Bernt A. Brorby, postmaster. Long since discontinued. (73; 76; 80) ECKELSON: This Northern Pacific siding 15 miles west of Valley City constructed in 1872 on the SV2 Sec. 18-140-60 was known as SEV­ ENTH SIDING until the name was changed to ECKELSON in 1879; named for Lake Eckelson nearby, which was named for A. O. Eckel- son, a civil engineer of the Northern Pacific in the 1870s. In the fall of 1882, E. S. Lawrence, an employee of the railroad, purchased the land on which the townsite was platted and became the first post­ master, July 21, 1882 and the storekeeper here. Because of the steep grade at this point, the town was moved two miles west in the fall of 1897 to SEi/,, Sec. 14-140-61, for the convenience of trains stopping and starting. The present townsite is officially known as SCOUTEN'S AD­ DITION TO ECKELSON, which was platted in 1905. (11, p. 235; 20, p. 269; 73; 80) EDNA: A rural post office established July 25, 1882 in the home of the postmaster, Albert Anson Booth, on the NE'/i. Sec. 24-142-60 and originally named BOOTH. Soon after the postmaster changed the name to EDNA for his daughter, the first white child born in the town­ ship, July 7, 1881. The post office was discontinued Nov 18, 1884. (38, vol. 1 & 3, no. 10, p. 191; 80) ELLSBURY: A rural post office established Dec. 20, 1880 on Sec. 21- 143-56 with Wallace E. Humphrey, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 15, 1900 and mail sent to Algeo in Steele County. Origin of name not known. (80) FAUST: Soo Line loading station built in 1892 on the SWl/i Sec. 31- 141-58. It was first named IVAN; origin of name not known, which was changed to FAUST in 1898 and named for Aaron and Jacob Faust, who homesteaded in Hobart Twp. in 1880. Their three other brothers, Charles, Otto and Peter also lived in Barnes County during the 1880s. The Faust loading station was removed in May, 1939. (10, p. 742; 38) FIFTH SIDING: See VALLEY CITY. FINGAL: Soo Line station built in 1891 on the SWVi Sec. 18-138-56. The townsite was platted in Jan. 1892 by the Minnesota Loan and Trust Co. The post office was established Dec. 11, 1891 with Theo. A. Tor- benson, postmaster, who was the first to enter into business, which was a general merchandise store in a tent, in Oct. 1891; the townsite was then a wheatfield. The station agent C. Wright had headquarters in 11 a freight car on a side track until the depot was built in December that year of 1891. The village incorporated in 1920. There are two versions of the origin of the name; named for the hero of a Scottish epic poem of that name; named by settlers from Fingal, Ontario, Canada. (38, vol. 3, no. 10, p. 138; 76) FISHER: A rural post office established in the home of the post­ master, Edwin Fisher, Aug. 20, 1883; discontinued Sept. 25, 1885 and mail sent to nearby Sanborn. (80) FOURTH SIDING: See ORISKA. FRAZIER: A Midland Continental loading station built in 1913 on the NW'/t SEVi, Sec. 30-143-61 on the north edge of Wimbledon. This is the northern terminal of the Midland Continental and consists of a very large farmer's elevator. Origin of the name not known. GIBSON: See WIMBLEDON. GORMAN: A Northern Pacific loading station built in 1897 on the low line east of Valley City on the SW'/t Sec. 19-140-57 and first known as BAIRD. Renamed GORMAN sometime between 1900 and 1910; re­ moved in May 1924. Origin of the names not known. GRAGREEN: A combined name was given this rural post office es­ tablished on Sec. 24-139-59 on Feb. 28,1881 with Gilbert B. Green, post­ master. It was named for A. H. Gray and D. W. Green, who came in 1879 and were the first to locate on land in what is now Green Twp.; Gray taking a preemption and tree claim. The prairie road leading from Valley City south to the Gragreen post office was well known as the Gray & Green Valley Road. The post office was discontinued Sept. 13, 1881 and mail sent to Valley City. (11, p. 78; 38, vol. 3, no. 10, p. 189; 80) HACKETT: A rural post office established Feb. 1, 1882 in the home of the postmaster, Dan D. Hackett on the SE'/i. Sec. 12-137-57; it was discontinued Oct. 2, 1891 and mail sent to Binghampton. (80) HASTINGS: The Northern Pacific built this station in 1900 on the SEi/i. NW'/i Sec. 14-137-59 and named it for Hastings, Minn., which in turn was named for General Henry Hastings Sibley, first and in 1863 commander of an expedition against the Sioux. The townsite was platted by Foster R. Clement in April, 1902. A post office was established May 13, 1900 with Wm. J. Westergaard, postmas­ ter. A. J. Salthammer operated the first general store. (73; 76; 80) HIGHBRIDGE: The Northern Pacific R. R. bridge and its approaches constructed in 1906-8, which spans the Sheyenne River gorge at Valley City. It is three-fourths mile long and 200 feet high. 12 HILLTOWN: A ghost town of the 1880s in Sec. 4 of Uxbridge Twp. that never got beyond the blue-print stage. The name is descriptive of the site. (54, p. 14) HOBART: Named for C. F. Hobart, first division superintendent of the Dakota Division of the Northern Pacific R. R. Originally this sta­ tion was known as SIXTH SIDING when it was constructed in 1872 on SE14 Sec. 17-140-59, about three and one-half miles east of Sanborn, for it was the sixth siding west of Fargo. Charles Hokenson of Valley City platted a townsite here in August 1882 and renamed the station HOBART. He had Charles A. Robert, a Fargo contractor as a silent partner. But this speculative townsite never developed, except two elevators were erected there. The station was removed in the spring of 1925. (10, p. 751; 73) IVAN: See FAUST. KATHRYN: This Northern Pacific station was built in 1900 on the WV'o Sec. 14-140-58 and named for the daughter of Charles S. Mellon, president of the Northern Pacific R. R. at that time. The townsite was platted by Frank Lynch in May 1901; incorporated as a village in 1916. The post office was established Feb. 6, 1901 with John K. Dye, post­ master. (10, p. 758; 76; 80) KIBBY: See LUCCA. KOLDOK: A Northern Pacific station built in 1907 on the Nl/> Sec. 22-140-56 and named BRACKETT for an early settler in the area; others think it was named for George Brackett, government beef con­ tractor with Sibley's expedition. The name was changed to KOLDOK, by the railroad officials Dec. 10, 1915, because there was a BROCKET in Ramsey County and freight was being sent there in error that was shipped to BRACKETT. The name Koldok has no local significance. This was an important service point and included a large steel coal dock or hopper; but as diesels replaced steam locomotives, most of the facilities were removed. The steel dock was dismantled after being damaged in a derailment in Oct. 1951. Only a passing track remains at KOLDOK. (19, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 124; 73)

LANONA: A Soo Line station with an English place name was built in 1891 on the NW% Sec. 31-140-57, four miles southeast of Valley City. A small townsite was platted by the Tri-State Land Co. in 1906. The post office was established Feb. 20, 1892 with John H. Ohlers, postmas­ ter; discontinued Dec. 31, 1919. The two elevators built here were struck by lightning and burned in 1939 and the station was removed in July 1940. (10, p. 762; 80) 13 LEAL: The Soo Line R.R. townsite officials named this station built in 1902 on the NWV4 Sec. 20-142-60, twenty-two miles northeast of Val­ ley City in deference to the Scottish-English emigrants from Ontario, Canada, who settled in this area in 1883. Leal is a Scottish word mean­ ing, "faithful-true" as (Land of the Leal or Heaven). The townsite was platted in Dec. 1892 by the Minnesota Loan and Trust Co. The post office was established Dec. 28, 1892, with Joseph J. Bascom, postmaster. (10, p. 762, 76; 80) LITCHVILLE: The Northern Pacific built a station in 1900 on the B% Sec. 25-137-60 and its townsite officials named it for the rural post of­ fice a short distance southeast that was established Feb. 13, 1886 and discontinued when the post office was moved to the railroad station Sept. 5, 1901. This early rural post office was named for Litchfield, Minn., the former home of the first postmaster, Hans Jacob Hanson, who spelled the name as he pronounced it. The townsite was platted in 1900 by John M. Olson and Lewis C. Bordwell; incorporated as a vill­ age in 1903. (15, May vol. 1 p. 39; 73; 76; 80) LOGAN: A rural post office established Nov. 17, 1884 in the home of the postmaster, Henry Barden; discontinued Jan. 14, 1886 and mail sent to Sanborn. Named for John Logan, a local homesteader of 1880, who was elected to the State Legislature 1892-1894 and served in several county offices. (38, vol. 3, no. 10, p. 192; 80) LOWRY: A rural center named for John Lowry, who settled here in 1879. It became a Northern Pacific station in 1893 on NWVi Sec. 20- 141-59. John Lowry was instrumental in having it built. It was re­ moved in Oct. 1897 as part of the Rogers consolidation. (38, vol. 3, no. 10, p. 182) LUCCA: This station was built on the Soo Line in 1891 on the E1^ Sec. 11-137-56. The railroad officials named it for the manufacturing city and province of Lucca in Tuscany, Italy. It is also claimed to be named for Pauline Lucca, a noted Italian singer. The townsite was platted in January 1892 by the Minnesota Loan & Trust Co. This area had an early post office near or across the line in Cass County named KIBBY for Mrs. Dinah Kibby, the first postmaster. When it was moved nearer the present townsite of Lucca, the name was changed to BINGHAMTON for the city of that name in New York, the former home of one of the railroad promoters. The post office was established there August 29, 1884 with Reuben P. Jennings, postmaster. However, in 1900 the Northern Pacific's Casselton branch crossed the Soo Line about a mile northwest of the LUCCA site and the village moved to the crossing that same year and this is officially known as OHM'S AD­ DITION to Lucca and was platted on the SWVi Sec. 2-137-56 in August 14 1900 by Gust Ohm and Frank Lynch. The post office was established at Lucca November 1, 1892, with William Cruff, postmaster. (38, vol. 3, no. 10, p. 196; 76; 80) MATTESON: This Soo Line station was built in 1892-3 on NEVi Sec. 10-141-59. A post office was established March 10, 1900 with Samuel Fletcher, postmaster, which has long since been discontinued. The station was removed in Oct. 1897 as part of the Rogers consolidation. Origin of the name not known. (1, p. 580; 80) MINNIE LAKE: A rural post office named for its township, estab­ lished March 29, 1880 in the home of the postmaster, Edwin Priest on Sec. 22-142-56; discontinued May 5, 1894 and mail sent to Ellsburg. Ori­ gin of the name not known. (80) NOME: This Northern Pacific station was built in 1900 on the SEV4 Sec. 13-137-57. The townsite platted in March 1901 by Charles Fergu­ son. It was named for the gold boom town, Nome, Alaska, which was given its name in error. It so happened this way; the officials in charge noticed this place in Alaska was unnamed, so wrote the word "name" which was taken by the recorders for NOME and it was so named. The post office was established April 25, 1901 with Charles Hackett, post­ master. The village was incorporated November 7, 1907. OAKVILLE: A post office was established March 1891 with Fannie Walker, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 14, 1906. The name may be de­ scriptive of the site. The village incorporated in 1912. (11, pp. 189, 335; 73; 76; 80) ODELL: This Northern Pacific station was established in Aug. 1883 on the NEVi. Sec. 6-141-59 and a townsite platted then which did not develop to any extent. It was named for J. T. O'Dell, assistant general manager of the Northern Pacific R. R. at that time. The post office was established Nov. 5, 1883 wtih Almond C. Chandler, postmaster; discon­ tinued July 4, 1891 and mail sent to Clive. Then was moved a short dis­ tance north on Oct. 1897 and consolidated with Rogers at the intersec­ tion of the Sanborn branch of the Northern Pacific and the Soo Line. (11, p. 206; 38, vol. 3, no. 10, p. 196; 73; 76; 80) ORISKA: The Northern Pacific constructed a station in 1872 called FOURTH SIDING. It was renamed CARLTON in May 1881 and in July the townsite platted south of the railroad tracks on the NWVi, Sec. 20-140-56, was named for Mary Carlton, who later became the wife of the first postmaster. However, in October 1881, a larger townsite called ORISKA was platted on SEi/i Sec. 18-140-56, just west of CARL­ TON. Then Nov. 1, 1881 the station was renamed ORISKA. The post office at Oriska was established Sept. 19, 1881 with John M. Dennett, postmaster. He with John E. Hubbell, another early homesteader, se- 15 lected the name of an Indian princess, the heroine of Mrs. Lydia Si- gourney's "Poems and Legends of the West". Dennett in 1879 home­ steaded one-half mile from the present townsite, purchased the town- site land from Charlemagne Tower and with W. A. Johnson, J. E. Hub- bell, J. B. Huntington and H. W. Cooper platted it. (7, p. 280; 11, pp. 189, 335; 73; 76; 80) PEAK: The name suggests its location at the peak of the railroad grade to this Northern Pacific station built in 1884, on the NE14, Sec. 20-140-57, at the summit of Alta Ridge, a moraine belt two miles wide with many boulders, and is 200 feet above the Sheyenne River gorge and was originally named ALTA. The name was changed to PEAK on July 29, 1923. This station had a side track for trains to pass but had no depot. This was the eastern junction of the high line and the low line and it was removed in 1960 when the eastern segment of the low line was removed between Peak and Valley City. The name, however, was then applied to an elevator loading station, that had been built in July 1915 on the high line one-half mile west of the old station. (73) PILLSBURY: This townsite on the NEVi Sec. 17-143-56 was platted by the Luverne Land Co. and the first lots sold in July 1910. C. O. Smith the original townsite owner, with other first residents, named it for Alfred F. Pillsbury, an official of the Pillsbury Washburn Milling Co., of Minneapolis, Minn. The Great Northern built this Fargo-Surrey cut-off station at this townsite in 1912. The post office was established Dec. 14,1911 with Samuel Smith, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1919. (76; 80) PLANO: An inland community in Meadow Lake Twp. a mile or so west of Svea, that had a post office in 1897 with George A. Williams, postmaster. Origin of the name not known. ROGERS: This station was built in Oct. 1897 on the SE'/j, Sec. 31- 142-59 at the intersection of the main line of the Soo R. R. and the Northern Pacific's Cooperstown branch line as the result of an agree­ ment to consolidate their stations in this area, which were Lowry, Odell and Booth on the Northern Pacific and the Soo Line stations of Clive and Mattison. The Rogers townsite was platted in Nov. 1897 by the Minnesota Loan and Trust Co. It was named for Joseph H. Rogers, the original townsite owner, who was an 1879 settler and one of the first county commissioners. Rogers incorporated as a village between 1910 and 1920. The post office was moved from Clive, renamed and established here April 25, 1898. (10, p. 783; 11, p. 206; 38, vol. 3, no. 10, p. 196; 73; 76; 80) SANBORN: This Northern Pacific station was established in 1877 on the SWVi. Sec. 14-140-60. C. T. Bauder was the projector and original 16 townsite owner. It was named for George G. Sanborn, treasurer of the railroad. Two of the first settlers, Louis S. Lenham and A. Gal- linger, platted the 40 acre townsite in Nov. 1879. The first house built on it was that of A. M. Pease. The post office was established May 15, 1879 with Lizzie Bauder, postmaster. The village incorporated in the spring of 1884. (5, p. 334; 11, p. 189; 38, vol. 3, no. 10, p. 196; 73; 76; 80) SCOUTEN: See ECKELSON. SECOND CROSSING OF THE SHEYENNE: See VALLEY CITY. SEVENTH SIDING: See ECKELSON. SHEYENNE: See DAILEY. SIBLEY: The name came from that of General Henry H. Sibley, who led a campaign against the Sioux Indians in 1863 and whose marked trail is five miles west of SIBLEY townsite, which is on the west shore of Lake Ashtabula, 23 miles north of Valley City. It is located adja­ cent to the middle of three roads which cross Lake Ashtabula, which is a reservoir formed by Bald Hill Dam on the Sheyenne River, north of Valley City. The town of Sibley had its beginning on Memorial Day of 1954, when Mr. and Mrs. Ed Hagglund moved a trailer house onto a 14 acre plot which was mainly a gravel pit. A village grew around it and was incorporated Jan. 14, 1960, named SIBLEY heretofore it was known as SIBLEY'S TRAIL RESORT. It had no post office; mail was delivered from Dazey, 12 miles west until the post office was estab­ lished Feb. 15, 1964 with James Dahl, postmaster. The population of Sibley is about 75 in summer. (22, 5/6/62; 12)

SIBLEY'S CROSSING: A Sheyenne River crossing in Sibley Twp., 16 miles north of the present Valley City where Gen. H. H. Sibley's army crossed to the northwest July 16, 1863 and again recrossed Aug. 13 that year on the way to Fort Abercrombie. It is one of the best known landmarks along Sibley's trail. It was near a grove, one of the few sheltered places in the whole country between Forts Abercrombie and Totten, a 200-mile trail. The state erected a granite marker at this crossing on the SWVi Sec. 81-43-58. Capt. James L. Fisk and a party of emigrants, he was escorting to the gold fields of Montana camped at this crossing July 14, 1862 and again in July 1863 with a second party of miners. In 1865 the Third Illinois Cavalry under Col. Carnahan used this crossing on their way to Devils Lake to meet Gen. Sibley. After Fort Totten was established in 1867 and communications with Fort Abercrombie, the crossing was in constant use. The trail was marked at intervals with mounds built of sod. (10, p. 786; 19, vol. 2, Jan. 1928, p. 123; 19, vol. 13, no. 3, July, 1946, p. 103) 17 SIBLEY'S TRAIL RESORT: See SIBLEY. SIXTH SIDING: See HOBART. SVEA: A rural post office, named for its township, established March 10, 1900 with John P. H. Applequist, postmaster; discontinued May 14, 1904 and mail sent to Litchville. The township was named for Svea, Minnesota, former home of the first settlers. (80) SVENBY: A rural post office established March, July 13, 1889, in the home of the postmaster, Louis Berg; discontinued Sept. 29, 1900 and sent to Oakville, a few miles northeast. Origin of the name not known. (80) URBANA: The Northern Pacific built a station in July 1886 on the NWi/t Sec. 20-140-61. The post office was established April 22, 1907 with Everitt T. Phelps, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 15, 1923 and mail sent to Spiritwood. A small townsite was platted in Jan. 1910 by Al­ bert Sayre, which did not develop and was vacated in March 1913. It is now just an elevator station. The station was named for Urbana, 111., former home of residents. (73; 80) UXBRIDGE: Named for its township, which was named by early settlers, who migrated from Uxbridge, Ontario, Canada, a small village north of Toronto which was named for Uxbridge, England. The post of­ fice v/as established Nov. 20,1883 in the home of the postmaster, Joseph J. Bascom on the NW1/]. Sec. of Uxbridge Township. When the Soo Line reached Leal, the post office at Uxbridge discontinued Dec. 28, 1892 and the mail was sent there. (54; p. 14; 80) VALLEY CITY: The Northern Pacific built a station in 1872 on SE'/i. Sec. 21-140-58, on the floor of the Sheyenne River Valley, which was known as FIFTH SIDING. This site was earlier known as SECOND CROSSING OF THE SHEYENNE, but never officially recognized as a station. The travelers from the head of the or from Fort Abercrombie were obliged to cross the Sheyenne River on their way to Fort Totten and the Minnewaukan region. The same year the station was built, a party of townsite selectors working for the Lake Superior and Puget Sound Co., planned a townsite here and tentatively named it WAHPETON, when translated from the Sioux language is, "village of the leaves" which took account of the trees here in the val­ ley. But this name was never registered as the station name. In 1876 George Worthington and L. D. Marsh concluded a colonization agree­ ment with the Northern Pacific and they named the site, WORTHING­ TON; settlement failed and the townsite passed into the ownership of the Northern Pacific. It was then re-surveyed in 1878 and a 160 acre townsite was platted and given the descriptive name, VALLEY CITY 18 as suggested by Joel S. Weiser, a pioneer resident. It, was incorporated as a village August 3, 1881; as a city in 1883. The Worthington post of­ fice was established Jan. 25, 1877 with Thomas Conners, postmaster. The Valley City post office was established May 10, 1878 with Chris­ tian Anderson, postmaster. (5, p. 527; 11, p. 188; 19, vol. 2, p. 123; 38, vol. 8, no. 10, p. 183; 76; 80) WAHPETON: See VALLEY CITY. WASA: An inland post office established June 22, 1882 on Sec. 2-138 in the farm home of A. J. Djuberg farm home with his son, Emil, post­ master. The post office was discontinued during President 's administration. Origin of the name not known. (80) WEST EDGE: This townsite was platted in November 1901 on the Wi/o Sec. 14-137-59, just west of Hastings, by Sever L. Retan. This is on the west edge of the Sheyenne River Valley, as indicated by the name. The post office was established April 18, 1901 with Carlton B. Cross, postmaster; discontinued June 15,1904 and mail sent to Hastings. (73; 76; 80) WILMA: A rural post office of short duration was established in Bald­ win Twp. March 20, 1905 in the home of the postmaster, Jacob Steenes, near the Sheyenne River; discontinued Sept. 15, 1906 and mail sent to Dazey. Origin of the name not known. (80) WIMBLEDON: John H. Gibson homesteaded the SWVi Sec. 30 in Pierce township and in 1882 a post office was established in his home named GIBSON. When the Soo Line completed through the northern part of the county in 1893; its officials selected and purchased Mr. Gib­ son's land for a townsite and named it WIMBLEDON for Mr. Gibson's birthplace, in England. The townsite was platted by the Minnesota Loan and Trust Co. in Dec. 1893. The post office renamed WIMBLE­ DON and re-established July 26, 1893 with Joseph S. Tollefson, post­ master. The Midland Continental R. R. was built along the town's eastern edge in 1913. (38, vol. 3, 9, p. 173; 54, p. 14; 76; 80) WORTHINGTON: See VALLEY CITY.

BENSON COUNTY ABBOTTSFORD: This was a point two miles north of Minnewaukan on the Big Coulee where steamboats anchored, and a post office was established April 16, 1884 with James C. Gibson, postmaster. Supposed­ ly named for W. L. Abbott, a naturalist, who visited this area on a col­ lecting trip in July 1879. Others think this ford post office was named for Gerard Alan Abbott, an authority on water birds. (31, vol. 1, p. 162; 80; 83) •lortli Dakota State Library 19 Bismarck N P ALBERT: An inland post office on NW<4 Sec. 27, Albert Twp. es­ tablished in 1882; named for O. A. Albertson, a local pioneer settler. When the county was organized June 4, 1884, the township was named for the post office. It was discontinued for a year or so then reestab­ lished July 6, 1891 with Mrs. Anna Jacobson, postmaster and retained the same name to please Mrs. Jacobson, who came here from Albert Lee, Minn. (37; 80) ANTELOPE: See OBERON. BAKER: On Sec. 15, Boe Twp. a post office was established Sept, 23, 1912 with George Olson, postmaster; named for C. E. Baker, an early settler from , who was deputy register of deeds of Benson County in 1898. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BARKER: See LEEDS and OBERON. BRINSMADE: The name of this village founded in 1889 on Sec. 6, Riggin Twp. was selected by E. S. Rolfe, a Minnewaukan attorney, a member of the State Constitutional Com. and state senator and owner of the townsite, to honor his friend, Rev. S. Brinsmade, a Congregation­ al minister of Beloit, Wise. The post office was established June 6, 1892 with William Evans, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1904. The townsite was originally the homestead of John Erickson, who sold it, in 1885. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 73; 80) CAMP BURKE: See CAMP GRAFTON- CAMP GRAFTON: On May 16, 1952, Governor signed the executive order directing that the North Dakota Field Train­ ing site for National Guard units in the state be named Camp Gilbert C. Grafton, for the late Lieut. Col. Gilbert C. Grafton, pioneer state militiaman, Spanish-American and World War I, officer, who died in France, Feb. 5, 1919. Four days after the governor's order was pub­ lished, the Adjutant General declared that for the purpose of brevity and official communication service, the campsite be known as Camp Grafton, which it had been called since 1924. Prior to that time it was the custom to name the military site after the governor in office, ad­ jutant general, or an outstanding soldier of the state. The first camp on this reservation site was in 1891, known as CAMP BURKE for Gov. Andrew Burke. In 1902 it was designated as CAMP LAWTON for Gen. George H. W. Lawton, USA, who was in command of the Lawton Scouts in the Philippines; and with whom many N. D. National Guard Volunteer Infantrymen served with distinction. In 1905, the camp was named CAMP MILLER, for Adj. Gen. Elliot S. Miller. From 1907-1912, it was again named CAMP BURKE, this time for Gov. . During 1913-1916, it was designated as CAMP HANNA for Gov. L. B. 20 Hanna. The military site was nameless six years, while state troops were in federal service. The president of the set aside this tract of land for the benefit of a wood reserve for the Fort Totten Military Reservation back in 1881; the site was known as ROCK IS­ LAND. In 1894 congress approved and set aside the land for the North Dakota Militia and at the same time granted the land to the state. From 1922-1923, it was known as ROCK ISLAND MILITARY RESERVA­ TION; named for the island (which by then was a peninsula) in Devils Lake on which it was first established. (7, p. 265; 66, sec. 4, p. 8) CAMP HANNA: See CAMP GRAFTON. CAMP LAWTON: See CAMP GRAFTON. CAMP MILLER: See CAMP GRAFTON.

COMSTOCK: Settlement began in this area in 1883 but it was in the early 1900s that the Soo Line established a branch siding, and loading station on Sec. 21, McClellan Twp. Soon after a stockyard with shel­ ter and an elevator were erected, but a village never developed. The place was named for O. D. Comstock, an early settler and original own­ er of the right-of-way, who became Judge of Probate Court in Benson County and attorney general of N. D. 1900-02. (19, vol. 13, p. 3, 76) ELLWOOD: See MADDOCK. ESMOND: Platted in 1901 on Sees. 27 and 35, Esmond Twp.; incorpor­ ated as a village in 1906. The post office was established here Aug. 5, 1901 with Jens A. Lyngved, postmaster. Named by chief construction engineer, E. Smith, who was a railroad townsite company official. He obtained the name from Thackeray's novel, "Henry Esmond." In 1902 to prevent confusion with Esmond, S. D., the station name was changed by the railroad officials to RHODES for John Cecil Rhodes, a bishop of Stratford, England—later a statesman and financier, owner of diamond fields in Kimberly, Africa, builder of Rhodesia, Africa, and also known for Rhodes Scholarships. However, the use of the earlier name was resumed a year later, due to the fact that the post office de­ partment failed to adopt the name of Rhodes. Esmond is called the "Terminal City," for it is the terminus of the Oberon branch of the Northern Pacific Rwy. (72, 9/13/40; 76; 80; 83) FILLMORE: Founded in 1889 and named by the settlers from Fill­ more, Minn. The post office was established Sept. 27, 1901 with Erick E. Urness, postmaster. When the Soo Line Rwy. was built from Devils Lake to Drake in 1912, the town of Fillmore moved two miles north to its present location on Sec. 8, Impark Twp. (72, 9/13/40; 80) 21 FISHLAKE: A rural post office established on Sec. 6-153-69, Feb. 23, 1899 with Daniel Olson, postmaster, discontinued Oct. 1, 1906 and mail sent to Maddock. It was named for the lake a few rods east. The lake was so named because it had an abundance of fish; ducks, geese and cranes nested along its shores before the area around it was thickly settled. But Fish Lake has vanished. It froze solid and killed the fish, and gradually dried up and the game birds left. (76; 80) FLORA: Founded in 1901 on Sec. 30, Aurora Twp. and originally named SCHUYLER for Wm. H. S. Schuyler, townsite owner. It was soon renamed Flora for his sister, by George F. Leslie, material clerk for the N. P. Rwy., at the time the Oberon branch was constructed. It is also recorded that it was named for Dr. Frank Wheelon's sister, Flora. The post office was established Dec. 11, 1901 with William S. Kennedy, postmaster. (10, p. 743; 72, 9/13/40; 76; 80) FORT TOTTEN: Named for Gen. Joseph Totten, chief of the U. S. Army Engineers; the fort was built under the direction of Gen. Alfred Terry, on the south shore of Devils Lake in the summer of 1867. A treaty that year with the Sisseton, Wahpeton and Cut-Head Sioux In­ dians, provided for them a permanent reservation here. The fort be­ came the FORT TOTTEN INDIAN AGENCY. A post office was es­ tablished in E. W. Brenner's store on the north side of the reservation Feb. 5, 1868 with Thomas P. Fuller, postmaster. Fort Totten Station was on Sec. 29, Creel Twp. In its earlier years the fort was used prin­ cipally as winter quarters, for as many as five companies and as little as a single company; it was one of a series of forts established to protect an overland travel route, from southern Minnesota into Montana and the main channel of communication from the northeast. Its troops escorted surveyors of the Northern Pacific R. R. and of the International Boundary Commission and participated in various cam­ paigns in Dakota and Montana. The original log structures were sup­ planted in 1886, by buildings erected half a mile north, from bricks made on the reservation. Fort Totten ceased to be a military post Dec. 31,1890, when it was transferred to the Department of the Interior for use as an Indian school. The mission school that had been conducted here by the Grey Nuns of Montreal since 1874 was consolidated with the Indian Industrial School and housed with the agency offices in the fort buildings. (7, pp. 266-7; 10, p. 709; 11, p. 104; 12/4/22/47; 23, p. 5; 66, Sec. 4, p. 1; 76; 80) FORT TOTTEN (town) See LALLIE. FORT TOTTEN INDIAN AGENCY: See FORT TOTTEN. GENIN: See JOSEPHINE. 22 GOA: A rural post office established on Sec. 15, Rich Valley Twp. on Jan. 1, 1900 with Elizabeth Hunter, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 30, 1905 and mail sent to Esmond. Robert Hunter circulated the petition for this post office and the patrons thought it should be named for him — but he thought it should be named for the mail carrier, William Preause, who brought the mail once a week, 25 miles from Minnewau- kan by team at a salary of $35.00 per year; he said he didn't care about the name, just so the post office was a 'Go' — hence it was named "Go-a." (76; 80) GRAHAM ISLAND: This peninsula, all but island on Sec. 25 and 26- 154-66, that thrusts its seven or eight acres into Devils Lake was named for Captain Duncan Graham, a Scot who served England in the war against the U. S. in 1812. After the war he engaged in hunting and trapping, coming to this island about 1814 he established headquarters and maintained an independent fur-trading post for several years. La­ ter settlement dates froml880-83. A po'st office was established on the NE14, Sec. 25-153-70 on June 10, 1884 and named LA ROSE for the first postmaster, Octave LaRose, first white settler in the fall of 1880. He had been employed at Fort Totten and resided there with his family. He built a ferry that he operated between the southeastern corner of the peninsula and Fort Totten for three years. The post office was dis­ continued for a time then re-established on Dec. 6, 1887 as the Graham Island P. O. with Jacob Fitzgerald, postmaster. (11, p. 206; 14, pp. 8-9; 76; 80) HANNAFORD: A small settlement near the west shore of Devils Lake on Sec. 34, Riggin Twp. named for J. M. Hannaford, who entered the employ of the Northern Pacific Rwy. in 1870, as freight handler and rose to be president of the company and chairman of the board of directors. The post office was established June 25, 1883 with Milton B. Brown, postmaster. Hannaford became a ghost town with the advent of the railroad to Minnewaukan near there the following year. (10, p. 749; 14, p. 3; 80) HARLOW: A Soo Line R.R. station on Sec. 15, Butte Valley Twp. es­ tablished in 1912, named for G. II. Harlow, an officer of the railroad construction company. The post office was established March 2, 1914 with August C. Wicken, postmaster. (72, 9/13/40; 76; 80) HESPER: Perry Roth, townsite owner named this village on Sec. 16, Hesper Twp. for Hesper, Iowa, his former home and of several other settlers in the vicinity. The post office was established April 13, 1899 with Charles J. Camp, postmaster. (10, p. 750; 72, 9/13/40; 76; 80) 23 JOSEPHINE: A Northern Pacific R.R. station established on Sec. 36, Aurora Twp. in the 1870's was originally named GENIN for Rev. Jean Baptiste Marie Genin, a pioneer Canadian Catholic missionary in the upper part of Dakota Terr., at the time. When the townsite was plat­ ted in 1901, Dr. Frank Wheelon, a member of the townsite company suggested it be named to honor Dr. Josephine Lindstrom Stickleberger of Oberon, who had been a pioneer settler on the townsite. It is also claimed to be named for a railroad man's wife. The post office was es­ tablished May 3, 1902 with Frank D. Hoadley, postmaster; while How­ ard E. Hoadley was the active postmaster. The office was discontinued April 6, 1906 and mail sent to Oberon. (10, p. 757; 72/13/40; 80; Chesky Simon, Minnewaukan, N. D. 3/15/62) KAHLER: A rural post office established on Sec. 14, Impark Twp. May 23, 1901 with Andrew Feiring, postmaster; discontinued July 28, 1903. Named for Mrs. Lloyd Harwood, nee, Eva Kahler, who with her husband settled here in 1898. (80) KLARA: A rural post office on Sec. 32, Arne Twp., established April 6, 1901 with Carl G. Johnson, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 15, 1909. It was named for Klara Olson, mother of Nelson Olson, founder of this Swedish settlement. (76; 80) KNOX: Founded in 1883 on Sec. 17, Knox Twp.; incorporated as a village in 1906. The post office was established Sept. 26,1887 with Zada A. Crowell, postmaster. There are two versions as to the origin of the name — It was named by H. T. Ober, a Great Northern R.R. townsite agent for Maj. Gen Henry Knox, Sec. of War 1785-95; — that the town­ ship and village were named by Canadian settlers for John Knox, Scot­ tish religious reformer. (7, p. 252; 37; 72, 9/13/40 ;80) LAKE IBSEN: A post office on NE'/i Sec. 8-153-68 named for the nearby lake which was named by L. P. Hvrevold, a pioneer settler, for John Henrick Ibsen, Norwegian poet and dramatist. Hvrevold was a great student of Norwegian literature and admirer of Ibsen. The post office was discontinued July 7, 1887 and mail sent to Church. (7, p. 252; 76; 80) LALLIE: In 1885 when the Northern Pacific Rwy, reached this settle- ment on Sec. 15, Lallie Twp. on the Fort Stevenson-Fort Totten mili­ tary trail, it was called FORT TOTTEN; then changed to TOTTEN in July 1887. On March 3, 1889, the station name was changed to Lallie by Supt. A. J. McCabe of the Dakota Division of the N. P. Rwy., in compliment to his sister, Lallie. Another version is that the town was named for James Lallie, an N. P. Rwy. engineer. The Lallie post office established June 21, 1916 with Mary Fevog, postmaster, was discontin­ ued June 7, 1923. Lallie is seven miles north of Fort Totten Indian Agency. (72, 9/13/40, p. 1; 73; 80) 24 LA ROSE: See GRAHAM'S ISLAND. LEEDS: The post office, when first established here was named BAR­ KER for John Ryon Barker, first postmaster and pioneer settler. In 1884 when the townsite was established on Sees. 31 and 32, Leeds Twp., at the junction of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific railroads, the officials of these lines (many of them were Englishmen), changed the name to Leeds, for the manufacturing city and borough of York­ shire on the Aire River in England. The post office was established Aug. 31, 1887 with Thomas Howrey, postmaster. Leeds incorporated as a village in June 1899; as a city in 1903. (38, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 18; 73; 76; 80) MADDOCK: The rural settlement on Sec. 29, N. Viking Twp. was ori­ ginally named ELLWOOD for Ellwood Jenson, the son of the first, storekeeper. When the post office was established y.> mile southwest of the store at the N.P.R.R. site in 1897, the name was changed to Mad­ dock for John R. and David E. Maddock, early settlers in the township. Others think it is named for Michael Maddock, one of the earliest sett­ lers of Antelope Valley. The name was retained officially when the town was established June 1, 1901 on the Oberon extension of the N. P. Rwy. by O. L. Hegge of Minnewaukan, president of the townsite com­ pany. Incorporated as a village in 1908 and a city in 1917. (1, p. 1244; 10, p. 764; 12, 6/25/01; 73; 80) MALLOY: A short lived rural post office established Sept. 7, 1906; discontinued Aug. 31, 1907 and mail sent to Fort Totten. It was named for Nora Malloy, the postmaster. (80) McGOWAN: A loading station on the Jamestown and Northern Rwy., midway of Churchs Ferry and Spauldings Ferry on Sec. 2, Riggin Twp. Origin of name not known. (11, p. 73) MONTEREY: A rural post office on Sec. 15, West Bay Twp., estab­ lished Aug. 12, 1903 with Paul J. Moen, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 28, 1905 and mail sent to Maddock. Supposedly named for Monterey, Minn. (80) MINNEWAUKAN: During the early 1880s, a settlement grew about 80 rods from the western shore of Devils Lake around a steamboat landing, now known as NORTH MINNEWAUKAN, where it was ex­ pected the railroad would establish a station. B. S. Brown, operated a general store and there were a number of homes and business es­ tablishments until a townsite was platted a mile south in 1884 and given the Indian name of the lake; by 1886 the steamboat landing settlement was deserted. The post office was established at MINNE- WAUKON, March 12, 1884 with Thomas B. Ware, postmaster. When 25 James M. Cubbinson became postmaster on Feb. 7, 1906, he had the Postal Dept. change the spelling of the name to Minnewaukan. The Indian name of the lake "mini-waukon-chante" translated literally; — the heart of the enchanted water or mysterious water. The whites in­ terpreted it as mini (water) waukon (spirit), chante (bad); Bad Spirit Lake or Devils Lake, which was incorrect. For bad meant that the wa­ ter was salty and not good to drink and spirit meant the mirages often seen across the water, the Indians have no devil in their belief. The lake has receded until Minnewaukan is now more than two miles from it. The city incorporated in the fall of 1898. It was designated the county seat June 4, 1888. (11, p. 206; 19, vol. 13, no. 1 and 2, p. 85; vol. 1, no. 3, p. 15; 72, 9/13/40; 80) MINNEWAUKON: See MINNEWAUKAN. NARROWS: A post office established on Sec. 5, Mission Twp., on April 6, 1912 with Thure O. Olin, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 30, 1915 and mail sent to Fort Totten. It was named for the narrow neck of land on which it is located, that extends from the south shore of Devils Lake. (80) NEW CHICAGO: A picturesque but short-lived settlement came into existence in 1883 when the Northern Pacific Rwy. projected its branch line along the western end of Devils Lake. It was a namesake of Chi­ cago in a similar lakeside location. W. C. Riggins and L. W. Harriman established and platted this townsite on their land Sec. 35, Riggin Twp., a mile northeast of the townsite of West Bay, thinking that the railroad survey across it would be the place for a station. But the railroad com­ pany would not pay the price asked for this land and by-passed it. The town did not develop and soon became a ghost town. (11, p. 206; 14, p. 3; 15, vol. 1, May, p. 43; 76) NILES: A Great Northern Siding and loading station on Sec. 1, Lake Ibsen Twp., named for Niles, Mich., the home of the superintendent of the railroad construction crew at that time. A village grew around it and a post office was established Feb. 28, 1898 with Joseph L. Page, postmaster; discontinued July 14, 1905 and mail sent to Leeds, four miles west. (76; 80) NORTH MINNEWAUKAN: See MINNEWAUKAN. NORTH VIKING: See WATERLOO. OBERON: In the late fall of 1884 the Jamestown Northern railway, now the Northern Pacific secured the right-of-way through the south­ east corner of the county and extended north from New Rockford to a point north of Minnewaukan in the spring of 1885. In June that year 26 a siding was constructed on Sec. 2, Oberon Twp. and named ANTE­ LOPE, because it was in the extreme northwest end of the famous An­ telope Valley; named by Henry U. Thomas, who in April 1883 was the first settler here, when antelope were plentiful. On June 11, 1885 a post office was established at this railroad station, with Jacob Fultz, postmaster and named BARKER for the first railroad surveyor to stake a line through here. V/hen Vernon H. Matthews, pioneer settler and former townsite owner was appointed postmaster Jan. 25, 1886, he changed the name to Oberon. He selected the name from Shake­ speare's, "A Midsummer Night's Dream." The townsite was platted in July, that year. (1, p. 185; 38, vol. 2, vol. 4, p. 19; 66, Sec. 4, pp. 1 and 2; 72, 9/12/40; 73; 80) PENDENNIS: A Northern Pacific Rwy. loading station on Sec. 1, Rich Valley Twp., named in 1921 by Perry Roth and Charles McMillan, early residents of this area for the hero, Arthur Pendennis in "His Fortunes and Misfortunes" by Thackeray. (76) PLEASANT LAKE: Named for its township, which was named for the small prairie lake within its borders. This tree lined lake was given this descriptive name of James J. Hill, builder of the Great Northern Rwy. The Indians called it Broken Bones Lake. They camped on its shores to dry their buffalo meat, broke the bones and removed the mar­ row, which they sewed in sacks of skin and preserved it for winter use. Evidences of Indian habitation and burial are still found here. The post office at Pleasant Lake was established June 11, 1887 with Calvin B. Holbrook, postmaster. (7, p. 252; 72, 9/13/40; 80; 83) RHODES: See ESMOND- SAINT MICHAEL: A mission school established in 1874 at the foot of Mission Hill on the Fort Totten Indian Agency by the Grey Nuns of the Roman Catholic Church of Montreal, Canada, through the ef­ forts of Maj. William H. Forbes, first on the Fort Totten Reservation. The school was named for Saint Michael, "chief of the celestial hierarchy." This small settlement with school, store, church and residences did not incorporate but a post office was established here Feb. 25, 1932. (7, p. 268; 72, 9/13/40; 76) SCHUYLER: See FLORA.

SPAULDING: An early day ferry-boat point on Grand Coulee, lo­ cated on Sec. 13-154-67. Named for the ferry-boat operator, J. E. Spaulding. (11, p. 206) SULLY'S HILL: A national game preserve — or a sanctuary for na­ tive wildlife and big game animals, that were abundant on the great 27 plains not so many years ago, embraces 994 acres, established in 1914, fifteen miles south of Devils Lake. Named for a wooded elevation, a mile northeast of Fort Totten, which was named for Gen. Alfred H. Sully, a leader in a number of successful Indian expeditions in the Northwest. Sully Hill is now administered as a wildlife refuge and big game preserve by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service — Congress having eliminated National Park Service jurisdiction in 1931. (66, Sec. 4, p. 2) TILDEN: A Soo Line Rwy. station on Sec. 15, Riggin Twp. establish­ ed in 1912. Named by the railroad's construction company officers for Tilden, 111. (76) TOKIO: In 1906 settlement began on Sec. 2, Wood Lake Twp. The post office was established Jan. 26, 1907 with Victor Ruth, postmaster. The exact origin of this name selected by the Great Northern R. R. townsite officials is uncertain — but it is recorded that one official heard that the Indian word "to-ki" meant gracious gift — like a pipe full of real tobacco; so he said, "We will just add an 'o' and call this place Tokio." (72, 9/13/40; 76; 80) TOTTEN: See LALLIE. VIKING: On Oct. 4, 1888 a post office was established in Tuman L. Quarve's general store on Sec. 27, South Viking Twp., and he was ap­ pointed postmaster. The Norwegian settlers of the area named it and the township for the sea heroes of their homeland. This post office was on the Star Mail Route between Fessenden and Oberon. Viking be­ came a thriving village through the 1890s, then declined until it be­ came a ghost town. The post office discontinued in 1907. (10, p. 115; 76; 80) WARWICK: A post office established on Sec. 34, Warwick Twp., Jan. 26, 1907 with Christian O. Ness, postmaster. Named for Richard New- elle Warwick, Earl of Warwick, England; soldier and statesman, called "King Maker." (10, p. 793; 76; 80) WATERLOO: Originally named NORTH VIKING when it was es­ tablished on the NEi/t Sec. 5, Viking Twp., on April 5, 1892 with Ole H. Myhre, postmaster. See VIKING for origin of name. The store and post office were moved a short distance and the name changed to Wa­ terloo on Nov. 30, 1898 with Ella C. Moen, postmaster, who named it for her former home town in Iowa; discontinued Aug. 6, 1901 and mail sent to Viking, a distance of five and one-half miles. (76; 80)

WEST END: This townsite on Sees. 2, 3 and 10-153-67 about U/2 miles north of Minnewaukan on the west shore end of Devils Lake was first settled by Orland Brown, who made a claim in May, 1883. He 28 formed a syndicate which platted the town and built a wharf extend­ ing 400 feet into the lake for a steamer landing. It was a fine cove where steamers could be safe when the' ice broke up in the spring. It became a sizable and progressive town, but the Northern Pacific branch line north from Jamestown by-passed it, the lake receded, and West End became a ghost town. (11, p. 206) WILLSONS SIDING: See YORK- WOLF: A rural post office established on Sec. 6 Butte Valley Twp., June 1, 1900 with Iver A. Bakkine, postmaster; discontinued July 9, 1904 and mail sent to York. Origin of name not known. (80) YORK: A Great Northern R.R. siding established on Sec. 19, York Twp. in 1883, and first named WILLSON'S SIDING for George P. Will- son, early homesteader and owner of the site; pioneer railroad man and the first to establish a home at this station. When the railroad reached here in the spring of 1886, it was renamed York officially, by James Hill, railroad magnate, for York, England. Many stockholders of the G.N.R.R. were Englishmen, and they named several stations along the line through the state for English towns. The post office was estab­ lished May 27, 1887 with Miss Cora Wilson, postmaster. (72, 9/13/40; 80; 83)

BILLINGS COUNTY COMBA: See LITTLE MISSOURI CANTONMENT. CYNTHIA: A rural post office established June 21, 1898 with Cyn­ thia Stark, postmaster; discontinued April 21, 1899. (80) FAIRFIELD: Established southwest of Killdeer Mts. Aug. 10, 1901; named by John Tester, Sr., first postmaster for the fair fields of grain in the vicinity at that time. (10, p. 740; 76) FOGARTY: See FRYBURG.

FRYBURG: Established in 1883 and named Summit, for it was the summit of the line where the railroad breaks over the ridge into the Bad Lands and runs down grade to the Little Missouri River, about 13 miles to Medora, now called FRYBURG HILL. The hill and the town- site at its summit were named for General J. B. Fry of the U. S. Army. Prior to the townsite of Summit, this station while the railroad was being constructed was known as FOGARTY for the railroad contrac­ tor. The Fryburg post office was established May 13, 1911 with Myra Fritzimmons, postmaster. (10, p. 744; 19, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 50; 76; 80; 81) 29 GORHAM: A rural post office in the north central part of the county on the east side of Knife River was established July 28, 1899 with Thomas J. McDonald, postmaster; discontinued April 12, 1905. It was named for Fred E. Gorham, early rancher of the area. (80) HANLEY: An inland post office in the southwestern part of the coun­ ty near the bank of the Little Missouri River in the heart of the Bad Lands established by 1919. Supposedly named for Jeffrey E. Hanley, well known local settler. (76) LITTLE MISSOURI: This first settlement in the county was on the west side of the Little Missouri River in the heart of the Bad Lands. a mile or so from the present town of Medora. E. S. Paddock, the first settler built his cabin here in Aug. 1879. Capt. Baker of the 6th Inf. USA erected a military post here in the spring of 1880 which was main­ tained until 1883. The post office established here in 1882 with Frank Moore as postmaster was named Cornba, in honor of Capt. Comba of the 7th Inf., who at that time was stationed here in command of the cantonment of soldiers; discontinued J'ly 30, 1902. (5, p. 539; 11, p. 194; 12, 7/30/02) LITTLE MISSOURI CANTONMENT: On Nov. 10, 1879 Company "B" of the Sixth Infantry from Fort , Tinder the com­ mand of Capt. Baker established a cantonment at the town of Little Missouri on the west side of the Little Missouri River near the present town of Medora. The next year Capt. Comba of the Seventh Infantry was in command. The government thought this cantonment of soldiers was necessary for the protection of the construction crews of the North­ ern Pacific Ry. and the buffalo hunters, tourists and settlers for several years. It was abandoned just before the establishment of Medora in 1883. (23, p. 6; 67, sec. 11, p. 5) MEDORA: In the spring of 1883 Antoine de Vallombrosa, Marquis de Mores arrived with his dream of range-to-table cattle and packing em­ pire. He selected a site for his western headquarters and beef shipping business on the east bank of the Little Missouri River, a mile or so east of the town of Little Missouri, cracked a bottle of champagne over an iron tent peg and chistened the new townsite Medora in honor of his wife, Marquise Medora von Hoffman, wealthy New York heiress, whom he had married a year or so before. Rapid settlement began and it was a boom town for ten years or more; designated the county seat. The post office was established Oct. 25, 1893 with Joseph A. Fer­ ris, postmaster. (5, 539; 11, p. 194; 19, vol. 13, nos. 1 & 2, p. 11; 80) MIKKELSON: A post office was established July 9, 1894 in the ranch home of the postmaster, Charles C. Mikkelson, 20 miles north of Me­ dora on the bank of the Little Missouri River. (12; 80) 30 PENNEL STATION: An overland stage station at the present Custer Trail Ranch, five miles south of Medora, was called Pennel Station af­ ter the freighter, who had erected the stockade and buildings in the lat.e 1870s. (19, vol. 21, no. 3, p. 110) QUINION: Named for H. Chris Quinion, who came in 1885 and settled at Taylor; in 1891 bought a ranch on Magpie Creek known as Q Bar Ranch 30 miles north of Fryburg. A post office was established here about 1910 which has long been discontinued. (67, sec. 14, p. 7) RYDERS: A railroad settlement in 1882 of short duration at the switch just west of Medora named for Mose Ryder, saloon keeper from Little Missouri. He set up temporary quarters at buffalo camps — rendezvous of hunters and Indians or at railroad construction camps for his whiskey purveying efforts. (67, sec. 2, p. 5) SCORIA: A railroad station east of Medora, thought to be named for the cinder-like ash which covers a large part of this badlands area. It is the result from the baking of clay, sand and shale by burning lig­ nite coal beds, giving this slag a light reddish color (31, p. 11; 81) SNOW: An inland settlement in the northeastern part of the county which had its beginning in 1905; named for William Snow, a local rancher. (76) STONE or STONEVILLE: A pioneer day post office near the mouth of Box Elder Creek, established by a Frank Stone, who operated a small store here in 1880, buying buffalo hides and meat. He had teams fol­ lowing the buffalo hunters to pick up the hide and meat to haul to Sully Springs and from there shipped to eastern markets. (31, vol. 1, p. 494) SULLY SPRINGS: Named for Gen. Alfred H. Sully, who camped here by the springs on his 1864 expedition. This once flourishing fron­ tier town about eight miles east of Medora, with several saloons and long ricks of buffalo hides along the station platform is now only a railroad siding (10, p. 788; 31, vol. 1, p. 494; 81) SUMMIT: See FRYBURG. THEISEN: No data available. UKRAINA: A large group of Ukrainian settlers headed by Metro Repetowsky from Boroshkowtzy, Austria, came in 1905 to the south­ east section of the county and homesteaded along the north bank of the Green River. A post office was soon established in the store of Joe Malkowsky, who served as postmaster and hauled the mail at his own expense from Belfield. (7, pp. 83, 222; 67) 31 BOTTINEAU COUNTY ANTLER: This village and its township took the name of the stream flowing through the area, which was so named because its north and south branches simulate a deer's horns. The post office was estab­ lished June 21, 1898 with Duncan McLean, postmaster. The townsite was platted in 1905 at the terminus of the Rugby branch of the Great Northern R.R. It is now a port of entry, two miles from the Canadian boundary and draws trade from both sides. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80; 81) ARNEIDO: A G.N.R.R. siding constructed in 1888 for grain and stock shipping in Amity Twp. six miles southeast of Bottineau to which a brick factory moved and operated until 1909—the elevator burned in 1937 and the station was abandoned in 1939. Origin of name not known. (Bottineau County Diamond Jubilee Book, June 1959) ARRETON: An inland post office of short duration was established Aug. 14, 1901 with Pleasant O. Heald, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 18, 1901. Origin of name not known. (80) BELMAR: A grain loading station on the G.N.R.R. in Willow Vale Twp., at which a post office was established Dec. 28, 1906 with Walter J. McDougall, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1909. Origin of name not known. (80) BJELLAND: Settlement began in Lansford Twp. in 1900. A post of­ fice was established Oct. 31, 1901 in the home of the postmaster, Chris H. Knudson, on the NE'4. Sec. 12, who gave it the surname of his father Knute Bjelland. The post office was discontinued Dec. 7, 1903. (80; Bottineau County Diamond Jubilee Book, June, 1959) BOTTINEAU: Early known as Oak Creek, the village marked the point- where the stage road crossed the creek about 15 miles south of the Canadian boundary. A sub-port of entry for the U. S. Customs Department was established here Sept. 19, 1883 with W. H. Kirk as sub collector. The first store and hotel in which the post office was estab­ lished March 3, 1884 were built and operated by Augustine Thompson. From 1883-84, a stage coach line connected the town with the nearest railroad point, Devils Lake, 120 miles to the southeast. Soon after the county was organized, Mar. 13, 1884, and named for Pierre Bottineau, most noted voyageur, guide and interpreter in the early military ex­ peditions and railroad reconnoissances, the village of Oak Creek was renamed BOTTINEAU for its county. Pierre Bottineau, born about 1812, was probably the first white child born in our present state of North Dakota. The first white settlers of this vicinity were J. B. Sin­ clair, Alex McClay, Robert Brander and Wm. Hulburt, who came in the summer of 1882. Brander entered the land on which the principal 32 part of the present town of Bottineau is situated, the homestead of Sin­ clair also forming a part of it. Originally Bottineau was established two miles south of its present location, but moved to the railroad site in 1887 when the G.N.R.R. extended its line from Rugby. Bottineau, now is the county seat. (11, p. 208; 31, p. 235; 38, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 31; 39, vol. 14; 80) CAMP GRANT: A Sibley camp site six'miles north of Woodward, marked by a small bronze tablet, named for Charles Grant, a trader at Pembina in 1850 and partner of Charles Bottineau at St. Joseph. (5, p. 236; 17, p. 59) CARBURY: It is believed the Great Northern R.R. townsite officials planned to name this station ROTH for Martin Rothe, a prominent lo­ cal farmer; and the station about 12 miles west CARBURY for a vill­ age in north Ireland; but the railroad workmen by mistake inter­ changed the station signs. The error made in 1905 was not corrected; inadvertance named both Carbury and Roth. The post office was established at Carbury April 16, 1906 with George O. Aal, postmaster. Carbury is now a port of entry to Canada. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 80) CORDELIA: A post office named for its township was established March 3, 1893 in the home of the postmaster, Lewis M. Larson in Sec. 7; discontinued March 31, 1910. Named for a French girl residing in the township. (80) DARKEN: A rural post office established Oct. 14, 1901 in the home of the postmaster, Ole N. Dakken, Sec. 10, Sherman Twp.; discontinued Aug 31, 1909. (80) DANA'S GROVE: A post office was established in the home of Lor­ enzo D. Dana, who in 1883 homesteaded in Sec. 19-162-75 along Oak Creek at the foot of Turtle Mountains. This land was adjacent to the old townsite of Bottineau on which there was a grove of native trees. (38, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 37) DEEP: A post office was established in this newly platted townsite along Deep Creek in Tacoma Twp., Nov. 29, 1905 with William H. Ben­ nett, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 3, 1908. This townsite of Deep never developed, it remains a loading station on a siding for grain and livestock shipping facilities. (15; 10, p. 736; 80) DUNNING: A G.N.R.R. grain loading station a few miles southeast of Maxbass was constructed in 1905 where three elevators were erect­ ed. A townsite was platted but never developed. Named for Dun­ ning, Nebr. 33 ECKMAN: A Soo Line R.R. station in Newborg Twp., established in 1906 by the Tri-State Land Co., named for their agent, A. Eckman. A post office was established April 16, 1906 with Anton A. Bakke, post­ master; it has long since been discontinued. A village grew and flour­ ished here, until about 1910, then declined until only a school remains. (10, p. 738; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76; 80) ELY: A rural post office which served an Icelandic settlement in Stone Creek Twp., was established June 29, 1892 with William Schroe­ der, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 4, 1891 and mail sent to Wines in McHenry county. Supposedly named for John A. Ely, U. S. Land Com­ missioner of Minot at that time. (38, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 131; 80) FALDOT: See ROTH. FORFAR: This townsite in Elms Twp. was first named JEFFERSON when it was platted in 1903. A post office was established here Feb. 9, 1904 with Samuel E. Parker, postmaster. The name was changed to FORFAR Sept. 27, 1905. Origin of the names not known. (80) FRANCE: A loading station on the Great Northern R.R., one and one- half miles west of Landa. No data available. GARDENA: The settlers in this Oak Creek Twp. area were of Ger­ man descent. A village began to form around the post office estab­ lished Aug 18, 1905 with Carl Hahn, postmaster. The village incorpor­ ated in 1908. It was named for a daughter of an early settler here; others say it was named for a Soo Line R.R. official. (51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76; 80) GORDON: See LANSFORD. GRAVLY: A post office established in Sec. 26, Brander Twp., March 30, 1904 with Lars J. Gravly, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 15, 1905. (80) HAASE: A post office established July 1, 1902 in the home of the postmaster, William F. Haase, in Sec. 11, Hoffman Twp.; discontinued March 7, 1908. (80) HEWITT: See ROTH.

HURD: Founded in 1905 in Mount Rose Twp. Named for T. E. Hurd, of Minneapolis, townsite and colonization agent of the Soo Line R. R. in the '90s. The post office was established June 2, 1906 with Andrew C. Scott, postmaster. (10, p. 752; 38, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 8; 80) JEFFERSON: See FORFAR. 34 KIRK: A rural post office near the Canadian boundary line estab­ lished May 13, 1891 with William H. Kirk, postmaster, in the hotel he erected in 1890 and operated on the west side of Lake Metigoshe. It has long since been discontinued. (80) KNUTSON: In the late 1890s, a store was established on the Knutson farm in Lansford Twp., three miles south of the present site of Lans- ford. The settlement that grew around it and the store moved to the railroad townsite of Lansford in 1903 (76) KRAMER: The post office in this settlement in Stone Creek Twp., was established Aug. 15, 1900 with Alfred G. Chadbourn, postmaster. The townsite was platted in 1905; organized as a village in 1908. It is believed to have been named for one of the surveyors of the Soo R.R., which passes through the town. (7, p. 240; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76; 80) KUROKI: This platted townsite in Wayne Twp., with two elevators and a store in which the post office was established Sept. 3, 1909 with John H. Ziegler, postmaster, did not develop. The post office was dis­ continued Oct. 15, 1920; the G.N.R.R. siding for stock and grain ship­ ments remain. The station was named for Admiral Kuroki of the Ja­ panese navy who defeated the Russians at Yalu River in the Russo- Japanese War of 1904-5. (15;80) LANDA: Originally named STRABANE by settlers from Strabane, Ireland. Because of the similarity to that of another post office name in the state, it was renamed for D. D. and T. T. Landa, early settlers in the area. Settlement began in 1904. The post office was established Aug. 9, that year, with James J. Johnson, postmaster. It became an incorporated village in 1922. A Hunakor and Jonas Johnson operated stores about two miles north, for two years prior to the establishment of Landa after which they moved the stores to the new townsite. (10, p. 761; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76; 80) LANE: An early-day post office established Feb. 13, 1886 in the home of the first postmaster, Omar C. Lane. (80) LANSFORD: This townsite at the junction of the Soo Line and the Granville branch of the Great Northern R.R. was originally named GORDON, why is not known, but was renamed when it was found there was another station in the state by a similar name. The original townsite owner, Martin Olson, named it for his former home, Lans- fjord, Norway. In anticipation of the railroad, settlement began in 1901; construction of the railroad grade began in 1902. The post office was established July 25, 1903 with Clarence C. Banks, postmaster. The first buildings were moved a block or so to the townsite after it was platted. Lansford incorporated as a city in 1907. (51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76; 80; Bottineau Co. Diamond Jubilee Book, June, 1959) 35 LILAC: A post office established March 17, 1900 in the home of the postmaster, Emil Olson in Sec. 1, Scandia Twp.; discontinued Jan. 8, 1902. Origin of name not known. (80) LORDSBURG: A post office named for its township, established Oct. 15, 1884 with David Miller, postmaster; discontinued June 30, 1910. The township and the lake therein were named for Frank Lord, who operated a store just south of Lord's Lake. It is also thought they were named for C. J. Lord, a local pioneer. (80; Bottineau County Diamond Jubilee Book, June 1959) MAXBASS: At the terminal of the Towner branch of the Great Northern R. R. a townsite in Hastings Twp. was platted in 1890; incor­ porated as a village in 1905; as a city in 1910. It was named for Max Bass, who came from Austria in the early 1880s and settled at Belfield. He served as deputy territorial commissioner of immigration in 1886. He later became identified with the G.N.R.R. and was in charge of immigration for many years. The large Dunkard settlements along its line were initiated through his efforts. (38, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 76) McRAE: See WILLOW CITY. METIGOSHE: A post office in Roland Twp., established near Lake Metigoshe (first known as Fish Lake) May 24, 1909 with Charles E. Bergholtz, postmaster; discontinued March 15, 1914. Cheppewa In­ dians named the lake, Metigoshe Washegum, meaning (clear water lake surrounded by oaks. (7, p. 240; 80) NEWBURG: A post office named for its township, was established Sept. 1, 1905 with Lewis W. Heath, postmaster. The village incorpor­ ated in 1906. The township was named for Andrew H. Newborg, pio­ neer settler. The name is a corruption of Newborg. (15, 9/11/40; 73; 76; 80) OAK CREEK: See BOTTINEAU. OMEMEE: This townsite at the junction of the Great Northern and Soo Line Rwys. was platted in 1892, when the railroads were being constructed into Willow Vale Twp. It was incorporated as a village in 1902. It was given the name of the post office established April 8, 1890 one mile north in the home of the first postmaster, George Rae, which was moved to the railroad townsite in 1903. Rae named the post office for his former home in Ontario, Canada. The name is a corruption of the Ojibiwa Indian word "omimi", meaning pigeon or turtle-dove. (51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76; 80)

OVERLYs: This railroad townsite, founded in 1905 in Cecil Twp. on the .eastern county line was planned to be a freight division point of the Soo Line Rwy. The post office was established Aug. 21, 1905 with 36 Jay O. Smith, postmaster. The name is thought to have been selected by the Soo R.R. townsite officials, but its origin is uncertain — three versions are given. 1. It was a division point with a day lay-over for the train crews. This suggested the name "Overlay". 2. It was named for Hans Overlie, an early settler of the area, the postal department changed the spelling to Overly. 3. It was named for a land commis­ sioner of the Soo R.R. (51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76; 80) RENVILLE: A post office named for its township, established March 11, 1903 with William Freeman, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 3, 1906 and mail sent to Maxbass. Another record shows the post office was established Jan. 6, 1902 with Frank A. McDonald, postmaster. The township was named for , trader, pioneer scout and trapper in this area. (80) RICHBURG: Grant Trimble, Ellis Nelson and Coney Nelson pur­ chased 40 acres on which they platted a townsite, one and one-half miles west of the present village of Westhope, where a post office, named for its township, was established Jan. 8, 1900 with Jules Beau- doin, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 29, 1904. Origin of the name not known. Most of Richburg moved to Westhope in 1903, (80) ROTH: This settlement was first named FALDOT for the former home of its Canadian residents, but the post office established here May 22, 1907 was named HEWITT for William Hewitt, its first post­ master. In 1905 the railroad official changed the name of the village to CARBURY but through a mistake the station sign ROTH was erect­ ed here and never changed. See CARBURY for origin of names. The Roth post office was established May 14, 1908 with John W. Reep, post­ master. Named for Martin Rothe, an early settler. (76; 80) RUSSELL: Named by a Soo Line railroad official for Austin C. Rus­ sell, who came from Ontario, Canada in the spring of 1883, homestead- ing in this area of Tacoma Twp., where he soon opened up a store in which the post office was established Aug. 21, 1901. A settlement grew around it which became an incorporated village in 1905. Russell was chairman of the first board of county commissioners and was an active promoter of this area. (38, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 40; 76; 80) RUTLAND: Settlement began in 1883, became an incorporated vill­ age in 1908. The original townsite owner, A. H. Stewart named it for his former home in Vermont. (10, p. 784; 76) SAMS: A post office in Sec. 30, Lewis Twp., was established Jan. 23, 1902 in the home of the postmaster, Samuel I. Lewis near Cut Bank Creek. It was given the diminutive name of Samuel and was called "Sam's post office". The post office was discontinued June 2, 1906 when the Hurd post office was established. (80) 37 SCOTIA: A rural post office named for its township, established April 5, 1895 with William C. Courtnay, postmaster in his home near the Souris River, discontinued Dec. 17, 1908. The Scottish settlers gave the township the poetic name of their homeland. A store operated by Mr. Gourley antedated the post office established in it. (80) SERGUIS: An inland post office six miles south of Richburg named for its township, was established May 11, 1900 with Sarah O. Gaulke, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 14, 1906. The township was named for the first baby born there. (80; Bottineau County Diamond Jubilee Book, June, 1959) SOMBER: In 1901, Mr. Seidel opened up a store on the NW*4 Sec. 1, of Homen Twp. in which a post office was established April 15, 1904 with Rudolph T. Jacobson, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 13, 1908 and mail sent to Ackworth in Rolette County. Origin of the name Som­ ber not known. (80) SOURIS: Established 15 miles northwest of Bottineau, the county seat, in 1901 when the Great Northern R.R. reached this point. The post office was established July 19, 1901 with John E. Jenks, postmas­ ter. Souris incorporated as a city in 1907. It was named for the Souris River, which flows through the county. Souris is French for "mouse". The English name, Mouse River, is in more common use than the French. Before settlement of the Dakotas, a party of half breeds, Scots, French and Canadians came from Canada and encamped for the winter on the southern banks of this stream. Late in the winter the camp was invaded by great hordes of mice, so persistent and so bold that the hunters were nearly routed. A relentless warfare was carried on, the campers finding allies in hawks, owls, foxes and other natural enemies of the SOURIS, and the ranks of the invaders were thinned before the party broke camp to pass on to parts unknown. The SOURIS or mouse, affliction on this river was remembered and talked of for years afterwards. (38, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 9; 80) STRABANE: See LANDA. SUPERIOR: A post office in Starbuck Twp., established Oct. 23, 1899 with Henry Vaugh, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 15, 1905. The name is derived from the Lake Superior and Puget Sound Townsite Co. (80) SUSAHVILLE: A rural post office established in Peabody Twp. March 17,1888 with Norman S. Stewart, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 16, 1889. Origin of name not known. (80) TARSUS: A settlement grew around the Tarsus Catholic church es­ tablished in Sec. 5, Lordsburg Twp., by French-Canadians in the early 1880s. The church was named for Saint Paul's birthplace. The post 38 office was established Sept. 14, 1886 with Alyois Brandt, postmaster; discontinued March 14, 1908. Joe Trudel operated a store here for several years in conjunction with the post office. (80) TASCO: A Soo R.R. siding six miles west of Overly in Cecil Twp., with loading platform for grain and stock. It may have been named for Tasco, Kansas by a railroad official. The meaning of tasco is clayey earth. THOR: A post office was established in Sec. 35, Eidsvold Twp., July 29, 1899 in the home of the postmaster, John Vedquam near the Souris River; discontinued June 6, 1906. The local settlers were mainly of Nordic descent and the name Thor may be reminiscent. (80) TRURO: Named by the settlers from the Truro Hills in the dunes of Cape Cod. The post office was established June 1, 1906 with Albert B. Lerfala, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 31, 1916 and mail sent to Lansford. The railroad abandoned the station in 1951, only an elevator remains. (10, p. 790; 80) WASHEGUM: A post office was established on the west shore of Lake Metigoshe in Roland Twp., July 15, 1909 with Arthur W. Bur­ nett, postmaster; discontinued April 30, 1914. Its name comes from Metigoshe Washegum, Chippewa words meaning, clear water lake, sur­ rounded by oaks. (7, p. 240; 80) WESTHOPE: A port of entry to Canada established in 1903, that some say was named by an official of the G.N.R.R. townsite company, who expected agricultural prosperity for the place; others claim it got its name from "Hope of the West", a slogan of the local residents, who thought the town destined to become a shopping point for the Mouse River loop wheat area and that it would remain the terminus of the Rugby branch of the G.N.R.R. It incorporated as a city in 1906 and is called "The City of Trees." (7, p. 207; 51, 9/11/40; 73) WHITE SPUR: A Soo R.R. side track, midway between Gardena and Kramer in Elysian Twp., constructed in 1911; named for A. H. White, the promoter. (Bottineau County Diamond Jubilee Book, June, 1959) WILLOW CITY: Originally named McRAE when the post office was established Nov. 10, 1886 in Ostby Twp. with Roderick McRae, post­ master. Platted and named WILLOW CITY by Comstock & White, townsite proprietors. L. E. Blanchard erected the first building with lumber hauled from Rugby in which the post office was established Nov. 9, 1889 with Charles O. Romansen, postmaster. The village and its township were both named for Willow Creek which flows through 39 it and drains into the Mouse River. The railroad reached this area in 1887. Willow City incorporated as a city in 1906. (38, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 43; 73; 76; 80) WITTING: A post office 18 miles northwest of Willow City in NE}4 Sec. 22, Elysian Twp., was established Feb. 28, 1896 in the home of the postmaster, and early county commissioner, Charles W. Witting; dis­ continued Sept. 30,1902. Witting came to the county in 1892 and home­ steaded in this German settlement which extended west from Omemee. (80) WOODWARD: Named for Fremont M. Woodward, who in Dec. 1883 es­ tablished the first grist and saw mill in the Turtle Mountain region and on Jan. 12, 1885 opened up the first flour mill in "Old Bottineau" and later operated an elevator in Willow City. (38, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 34)

BOWMAN COUNTY AMOR: A rural post office named for its township established July 26, 1904 in the home of the postmaster, Albert Larson; discontinued June 24, 1905; reestablished July 31, 1908 with Martin C. Nelson, post­ master; discontinued July 31, 1920 and mail sent 12 miles northeast to Bowman. Named by settlers from Amor, Minnesota. AUSTIN: An inland post office in Sec. 12-130-106 established May 13, 1908 in the home of the postmaster, Walter W. (Bill) Austin, an early day rancher; discontinued Sept. 5, 1919 and mail sent 10 miles north­ east to Rhame. (80) ASH: A rural post office, 15 miles south of Bowman near the North- South Dakota line, named for a local settler Frank L. Ash; established June 8, 1909 with Bridget Halm, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 15, 1913 and mail sent to Swartwood. (80) ATKINSON: See GRIFFIN. BADLAND: Near the source of the North Fork of Grand River. No. data available. BEAVER: A post office in the home of Frank L. Ash, postmaster; dis­ continued April 17, 1903. No other data available. BERGER: A Milwaukee R.R. loading station three and one-half miles east of Marmarth. Origin not known. BOWMAN: Before receiving its present name, it was successively identified as TWIN BUTTES, for a pair of flat topped, sandstone- capped buttes nearby; LOWDEN for the Lowden brothers, A. L. and 40 W. O., the first residents, who in May 1907 erected the first building in which the post office was established July 26, 1907 with Arthur L. Lowden, postmaster. The records show it was named EDEN, auth­ orized in Washington, D. C; but why—nobody knows. On June 10, 1907 the town won the county seat election and Jan. 1, 1908 it was offi­ cially named BOWMAN for its township and county which were named for William Bowman, a prominent territorial legislator. An­ other source of information states it was named for E. W. Bowman, official of the Chicago, Milwaukee, & Puget Sound R.R. which trans- versed the county.

(5, p. 496; 7, p. 225; 45, Nov. 1950, p. 12; 67, sec. 11, p; 8; 80) BUFFALO SPRINGS: First named INGOMAR, for Ingomar, Texas, when it was established on Buffalo Creek in Sec. 18, Scranton Twp. in 1907. The locality had long been known as BUFFALO SPRINGS for the natural springs here, where buffalo herds once watered. Soon after the village incorporated, it was renamed BUFFALO SPRINGS. ( 19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 135) CONCORD: A rural post office in Sec. 35-126-106 established in the home of the postmaster George M. Lampson, Feb. 15, 1909; discontin­ ued May 31, 1925 and mail sent to Rhame. It was named to perpetuate the name of the Concord coaches drawn by four horses used on the stage line through that area to Yankton, S. D. which was organized March 4, 1876 by Charles T. Campbell and John Dillon. (19, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 244; 80) DELAHUNT: A rural post office on the west bank of Skull Creek es­ tablished July 27, 1915 with Inez Fulks, postmaster; discontinued April 30, 1918 and mail sent 12 miles north to Marmarth in Slope County. Origin of name not known. DUVAL: A post office of short duration was established Feb. 17, 1911 in the home of the postmaster, C. E. Bergquist; discontinued Dec. 15, 1911 and mail sent ten miles east to Amor. Origin of name not known. EDEN: See BOWMAN. FISCHBEIN: See GASCOYNE. FORT DILTS: This site is in Lot 3, fractional of Sec. 2-132-105 and contains 23.2 acres, donated by the owner, L. G. Dawes to the State His­ torical Soc. of N. D. A place of encampment during 14 days in Sept. 1864, for Capt. James L. Fisk's immigrant train and its cavalry escort of 50 bound for the Montana gold fields. It is several miles from where 13 men of the company were killed or mortally wounded by a band of Hunkpapa Sioux at the fording of a creek. It was named for Jef­ ferson Dilts, a scout for the expedition, who ran into the rejDulsed 41 Sioux as he returned from reconnoitering in the Badlands. Fort Dilts State Park, nine miles northwest of Rhame was dedicated to him in 1932, within its confines are the remains of the six-foot sod walls thrown up about the party, their 80 immigrant wagons, their draft and cavalry animals. (7, pp. 326-27; 31, p. 249; N. Dak. Collections vol. 7, p. 16) GASCOYNE: Originally this post office was named FISCHBEIN when it was established Nov. 8, 1907 in the home of Max F. Fischbein, an early settler. It was changed to GASCOYNE on March 25, 1908, which was the name of its township and the lake, eight miles north. The name was selected by the CM. & St.P.R.R. officials for one of their construction foreman. The Gascoyne post office was in Sec. 5 of Gascoyne Twp. (76; 80) GRACEVILLE: Named by local settlers from Graceville, Minn. This post office was established June 17, 1910 in the home of the postmaster, Charles F. Malm, near Spring Creek; discontinued Feb. 16, 1929 and mail sent six miles east to Swartwood. (1947 Jubilee Book of Bowman; 80) GRIFFIN: Originally named ATKINSON for Wm. Atkinson, a local Justice of the Peace. With the coming of the railroad it was renamed GRIFFIN for the assistant general passenger agent of the C.M.&St. P.R.R. The Griffin post office was established in Sec. 34 of Marion Twp. on Feb. 10, 1908 with James H. Kratzer, postmaster; discontinued March 31, 1930 and mail sent six and one-half miles west to Rhame. (10, p. 748; 80) HALEY: The name submitted to the Postal Dept., was GALEY, for William Galey, one of the first settlers and ranchers in this area, but by error the name was recorded as HALEY. The post office was es­ tablished Dec. 9, 1898 in the sod hotel of the postmaster, Bertie W. Jackson in Sec. 30, Haley Twp. (10, p. 749; 12, 6/29/57, p. 9; 80) INGOMAR: See BUFFALO SPRINGS- IVES: Named for L. C. Ives of Co. G. 2nd Minnesota Regiment, who fought in the battle of Killdeer Mountain, July 28, 1864 and who at­ tended the 50th anniversary of the battle in 1914 and located the graves of George Northrup and Horatio Austin, the only men killed in the battle. The post office was established in Sec. 7, Rhame Twp., April 13, 1909 with Olaf Iverson, postmaster; discontinued March 15, 1915 and mail sent five miles east to Rhame. (10, 752; 80) KIRK: Named for Edwin Kirk, local farmer and cattleman. This rural post office in the extreme southeast corner of the county was es- 42 tablished Aug. 25, 1911 with Samuel Goldhirsch, postmaster; discontin­ ued Feb. 15,1914 and mail sent to Concord. (80) LANGBERG: Named for its township. This rural post office in Sec. 24-129-104 was established Feb. 5, 1910 with Susie Parks, postmaster; discontinued June 30, 1919 and mail sent to Amor. Origin of the name Langberg not known. • (80) LOWDEN: See BOWMAN. PAOLI: Named for Pasquale de Paoli, the Corsican patriot. This post office was established in Amor Twp. Jan. 24, 1900 with Bertha Green, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 10, 1914 and mail sent to Bow­ man. (10, p. 777; 80) RHAME: This settlement in Sec. 26 of Rhame Twp. began in 1907 and incorporated as a village in 1913. It was named for its township which was named for Mitchell D. Rhame, district engineer of the C.M.& St.P.R.R. The post office was established June 5, 1908 with Allen G. Elliot, postmaster. The elevation here is 3,184 feet, the highest of any town in the state. (7, p. 326; 76; 80) RING: A post office established April 22, 1912 in the ranch home of the postmaster, Olaf M. Ring, in Sec. 24 of Grand River Twp.; discon­ tinued July 15,1919 and mail sent to Swartwood. (80) SCRANTON: A namesake of Scranton, Pa., both are coalmining towns. The first coal mine opened here in 1907 before the C.M.&St.P. R. R. reached here late that same year. The post office was established Oct. 3, 1907 with Alice Radebaugh, postmaster. Scranton incorporated as a village in 1909; as a city in 1937. (20, p. 308; 45; 80) STILLWATER: Named for its township, which was named by sett­ lers from Stillwater, Minn. A post office was established Oct. 25, 1904 with Samuel A. Bobb, postmaster, in Sec. 15 on Cedar Creek west of Whetstone Buttes, where there was a wayside inn for travelers enroute between Dickinson and the new country. The post office has long since been discontinued. (80) SWARTWOOD: A rural post office in Sec. 33, Swartwood Twp. near the North Fork of Grand River was established July 16, 1908 in the home of the postmaster, Leroy Swartwood, a nephew of Wm. Bowman for whom the county was named. The post office was discontinued, Nov. 26, 1921. (1947 Jubilee Book of Bowman, p. 23; 80) TWIN BUTTES: See BOWMAN. UTOPIA: A rural post office named for Utopia, Texas, established Oct. 9, 1907 with Henry Thompson, postmaster; rescinded Jan. 24, 1908. (80) 43 VICTOR: This was a stage stop in Minnehaha Twp. where horses were changed before going farther on the route. A post office was es­ tablished here July 3, 1908 and given the middle name of the post­ master, Charles (Victor) Hook and the given name of his son. Discon­ tinued July 7, 1911 and mail sent to Spring Valley. (80)

BURKE COUNTY ATCOAL: A Soo Line R.R. loading station in Sec. 32 of Forthun Twp. Origin of name not known. BATTLEVIEW: This Great Northern R.R. station on Sec. 23 of Battle- view Twp. takes its name as does the township, from an earlier forti­ fied village site on White Earth Creek south of the townsite. The post office was established Sept. 10, 1908 with David Davidson, postmaster. It seems the earlier village was built by the or In­ dians,, as it lay on one of their trade routes to the north. The fact that the village was fortified should indicate that its builders felt some danger of attack, but there is said to be no historical or tradition­ al evidence to support the many stories of a major seige or engage­ ment here. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BOWBELLS: This railroad station was named by English stockhold­ ers of the Soo Line R.R. in 1896 for the famous Bow Bells in St. Mary- le-Bow Church in London. The post office was established Jan. 29, 1898 with John Lish, postmaster. (7, p. 276; 80) COLUMBUS: Settlement began in 1902. The post office was estab­ lished Jan. 10, 1903 with Gustaf Bjorkman, postmaster until Columbus W. Larson was appointed Feb. 3, 1903. In 1906 the village moved six miles to its present railroad site in Short Creek Twp. Sec. 32, when the Soo Line R.R. extended through this part of the state. Columbus Lar­ son gave his Christian name to this town, and his surname to the next town west, Larson. (7, p. 242; 80) COTEAU: Founded on Sec. 23, Ward Twp. in 1906. The post office was established Feb. 12, 1907 with F. J. Glenn, postmaster. Named by the Great Northern R.R. townsite officials for the rough range of hills visible on the southwest, that belong to the Coteau du Missouri. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) FERN: A rural post office established Jan., 1904 with Ole Haugen, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 15, 1907 and mail sent to Macroom. Origin of name not known. (80) FLAXTQN: Originally named POSTVILLE in 1898 for the first resi­ dent,. William Henry Post, who became the first postmaster May 4,1900. 44 Renamed Flaxton May 31, 1901 at the time when most of the townsite was seeded to flax. Incorporated as a city in 1920. (20, p. 264; 54, 9/4/40; 76; 80) GARNESS: Named for Ole H. Garness, first postmaster, Dec. 29, 1904 as was the township in which the post office is located on Sec. 29. The post office was discontinued April 2, 1906 and mail sent to Powers Lake. (80) KINCAID: See LIGNITE- LARSON: Columbus Larson, postmaster of Columbus, the next town east, gave his surname to Larson and his Christian name to Columbus. Both towns were founded in 1902. The Larson post office was estab­ lished on Sec. 3, Keller Twp. on Great Northern Rwy Sept. 23, 1907 with Herman E. deVilliers, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1911. (20, p. 233; 76; 80) LIGNITE: This village founded in 1907 bears its name by error of the townsite company, which intended to name it KINCAID for an agent of the G.N.R.R. The company made amends by naming for the agent another mining center near by. The post office was established April 2, 1907 with Thorvald Kopsland, postmaster. The village incor­ porated in 1915. (7, p. 241; 76; 80) MACROOM: A rural post office established May 9, 1903 with Peder Barmoen, postmaster; discontinued June 30, 1911 mail sent to Lignite. Origin of name not known. (80) NEWPORT: A post office established Oct. 4, 1902 in Sec. 12, Lake- view Twp. with Charles C. Gifford, postmaster. Origin of name not known. (80) NORTHGATE: The south part of this village site is in Sec. 31 of North Star Twp. It was founded in 1910 and so named because it is a port-of- entry on the international border. (10, p. 775; 51, 9/11/40; 76; 80) PAISLEY: Named for Paisley, Ontario, Canada. The post office was established April 3, 1903 with Malcolm Blue, postmaster; discontinued July 15, 1907 and mail sent to Patterson. (10, p. 776; 80) PATTERSON: On Sec. 26, Lakeview Twp., a post office was estab­ lished July 2, 1901 with Fred A. Patterson, postmaster; discontinued May 15, 1909. (80) PERELLA: A loading station on the G.N.R.R. in Sec. 32 North Star Twp. Origin of name not known. PORTAL: A division point on the Soo Line R. R. established in 1893; incorporated as a city in 1914. It takes its name from the circumstances of its being an important international port of entry When Saskat- 45 chewan and Alberta were opened for settlement, this town was often called "Gateway to the Great Northwest." Townsite officials retained the meaning of this phrase when they named the town. A considerable part of the traffic, by air as well as otherwise — to Canadian North­ west passes through its customs offices. The post office was estab­ lished Oct. 16, 1893 with Horace Prairie, postmaster. (7, p. 276; 38, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 13; 76; 80) POSTVILLE: See FLAXTON. POWERS LAKE: Named for John Powers, pioneer rancher, who homesteaded on the lake shore. The post office was established Feb. 23, 1902 with John C. Hoff, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1910; as a city in 1935. (10, p. 780; 51, 9/11/40; 76; 80) RELIANCE: Origin not known. RENNIE: A post office established Aug. 21, 1903 with Syver O. John­ son, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 15,1909. Origin of name not known. (80) RIVAL: A Soo Line R.R. town that was founded on Sec. 33-34 Portal Twp. as a rival to the Great Northern R.R. town of Lignite. The post office was established May 17, 1907 with Chester L. Teisinger, post­ master; discontinued May 17, 1909. (10, p. 781; 80) SMISHEK: A post office in Cleary Twp., Sec. 35 was established June 28, 1906 with Joseph J. Smishek, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 16, 1910 and mail sent to Villa. (80) SPIRAL: A Soo Line R.R. spur loading station on Sec. 25, Bowbells Twp. Origin of the name not known. It may have been suggested by the spiral outline of the railroad track. STAMPEDE: A post office established in Sec. 3 of Fay Twp. with John G. Peterson, postmaster. Origin of name not known. (80) STRANGE SIDING: A Soo Line railroad siding which was removed in March 1958. Origin of name not known. (12, 4/3/58) THORSON: A post office established Oct. 27, 1905 with Ole A. Olson, postmaster; named for D. H. Thorson, local homesteader. Post office was discontinued June 30, 1912 and mail sent to McGregor in Williams County (80) VANVILLE: A rural post office in Sec. 23, named for its township, was established Nov. 13, 1905 with Frank E. Drinkwater, postmaster. The township was named Van-ville for a family of Van Vorsts, who filed on ten homesteads in Vanville Twp. (80) 46 VILLA: A railroad station siding whose origin is not known. WOBURN: The G.N.R.R. officials named this station for Woburn, Bedfordshire, England, to honor the English stockholders. The post office was established May 27, 1907 with George W. Carey, postmaster. Woburn incorporated as a village in 1934. (10, 793; 73; 76; 80)

BURLEIGH COUNTY AETNA: An inland post office established on NW'/j Sec. Lyman Twp., July 20, 1907 with Charles W. Lyman, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1914 and mail sent to Wing. Origin of name not known. (80) ALTA: On May 23, 1906 a post office was established in the home of the postmaster, John Anderson on Sec. 4-144-78. In casting about for a name, which the postmaster wanted to be short, he noticed the post­ mark "Alta" on a letter just received from a schoolmate residing then in Alberta, Canada, and he adopted it. In 1908 Anderson opened a store in conjunction with the post office and operated both until 1919, when J. R. Jones took over and moved the office and store 1% miles west; both were discontinued June 30, 1930. (John Anderson, Regan, N. D. 11/30/55; 80) ANDREWS: See CANFIELD. ANGORA: A Northern Pacific R. R. siding station established in August 1906. The Italian name given it by the railroad officials was probably reminiscent of the capital city of the ancient province of Galatia in Italy. Also claimed to be named for Angora, Minn., the station was abandoned in 1941. (19, vol. 13, July 1946, no. 3, p. 126) APPLE CREEK: A Northern Pacific R. R. loading station, eight miles east of Bismarck on Sec. 10-133-79. It was named for the stream near­ by that enters the Missouri River a few miles to the south. The un­ usual name "Qui-Apelle" was given the creek by early French-Cana­ dians for the many Red Haw or Thorn Apple thickets bordering its banks. Another version is that the name Apple Creek is an inaccurate translation of the Dakota Indian name for it, which it Taspan Wak- pala; Taspan (thorn apple), Wakpula (creek). (5, p. 234; 19, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 32; 32; 81) APPLETON: A short lived post office established June 9, 1880 with Monroe D. Dawson, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 29, 1880. Supposed­ ly named for Mary E. Appleton, Sec. 23, Logan Twp. (80) ARENA: Named by the first postmaster, Harry A. Mutchler, when the post office was established Jan. 23, 1906—perhaps for the appear- 47 ance of a natural arena which the surrounding hills give to the locale; perhaps also because the name means (sand). There are sandy areas in this vicinity. The townsite was platted in 1910. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 73; 80) ARNOLD: This railroad station established on the NEVi 'Sec. 27 of Burnt Creek Twp. in 1900, with an elevator, siding and loading plat­ form was named for G. T. Arnold, the original land owner. The post office was established Nov. 31, 1901 with Robert A. Yeater, postmaster; discontinued April 30, 1919. (12, 12/1/01; 80) BALDWIN: Named by Gen. W. D. Washburn, Minneapolis, Minn., who was instrumental in the contruction of the Bismarck, Washburn and Great Falls, R.R., now known as the north branch of the Soo Line, on which the village is located. He named it in 1901 in honor of his daughter Mary's husband, Frank Baldwin, who at that time was a foreign correspondent for the "Outlook Magazine." The Baldwin post office was established Nov. 16, 1901 with Charles A. Johnson, postmas­ ter. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BARREN: A post office established in the home of the postmaster, Geo. E. Barren on the NEi/j, Sec. 25, Clear Lake Twp. July 22, 1911; discontinued in 1922 and mail sent to Driscoll. BESSOBA: A railroad station crossing of the Northern Pacific and the Soo Line on the NW'/j, Sec. 22, Long Lake Twp.; origin of name not known. BISMARCK: Named by the Northern Pacific R.R. officials for Prince Otto Von Bismarck, Germany's "Iron Chancellor", in compliment to the German bond holders, who came to the rescue of the financially stricken railroad. This site was the terminus of the railroad surveyed grade east of the Missouri River in the winter of 1871-2, and was gen­ erally known as "THE CROSSING". It was first occupied by the rail­ road survey camp and supply depot. Not far from it a townsite was staked out May, 1872 and named EDWINTON for Edwin F. Johnson, chief engineer of the Northern Pacific R. R. A post office was estab­ lished here Feb. 7, 1873 with Maj. S. A. Dickey, postmaster, who was then post trader at Fort McKean, across the Missouri. He soon re­ signed, for it was found he was not eligible because he resided beyond the point of the office delivery and the appointment was given his as­ sistant, Mrs. Linda W. Slaughter who took charge of the office in March 1873. It was held then, a married woman could not file a bond, so her husband, Dr. B. F. Slaughter, was appointed in April 1873 with his wife in full charge by the following August. The post office name EDWINTON was changed to BISMARCK on July 17, 1873. Bismarck 48 incorporated as a city Jan. 14, 1875; designated as the Dakota territor­ ial capital June 2, 1883. (5, p. 332; 11, p. 191; 20, p. 131; 38, vol. 1, no. 11, p. 20; 80) BLAINE: See MENOKEN. BOHAN: An inland post office established May 27, 1903 in the farm home of John P. Bohan in Sec. 8, Trygg Twp.; discontinued March 31, 1909. (32; 80) BRITTIN: Named for William and George Brittin, pioneer home­ steaders, who erected and operated a store at this site on Sec. 4-137-77 in 1902. A post office was established in the store Feb. 25, 1903 with Edward F. Maetchler, postmaster; discontinued April 2, 1921. The store now abandoned, only a railroad siding with loading platform and an elevator remain. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BROOKFIELD: A rural post office established Oct. 22, 1906 with Ar­ nold P. Nelson, postmaster. Origin of name not known, it maybe de­ scriptive of the site. (80) BURDICK: A NPRR siding and loading station in Logan Twp., Sec. 36, named by railroad officials for C. C. Burdick, long-time traffic man­ ager of the Twin City Rapid Transit Co. Others claim it was named for Usher L. Burdick, congressman from N. D. (10, p. 730 32; 73) BURLEIGH: See MENOKEN. BURLEIGH TOWN: The first village in the county, but destined to be a ghost town, grew up two miles south of Bismarck while the N.P. R.R. grade was constructed in 1872-3. It was named for Dr. Walter A. Burleigh, a railroad contractor, who headed a party of surveyors in the employ of the Lake Superior & Puget Sound Co., an organization among those interested in the N.P.R.R. and the towns along its route. Burleigh had served as Indian Agent and post trader at Yankton Agency and as territorial delegate to Congress. Burleigh Town was abandoned when Bismarck was established. (12, 6/30/1936; 38, vol. 2, no. 8, p. 38; 73) BURNT CREEK: A post office in Sec. 6 of the township for which it was named was established Nov. 24, 1924 with Anna Kocher, post­ master; discontinued Nov. 19, 1929 and mail sent to Bismarck. The township was named for the creek that meanders through it, which was originally called Burnt Boat Creek. The "Burnt Boat" belonged to a company of miners returning with their gold from Fort Benton, who ran afoul of the Indians at the mouth of this creek on the Missouri River and were massacred to a man. (19, vol. 21, p. 160; 80) 49 CAMP CHASKA: A bronze tablet on a granite column marks this site, three miles north of Driscoll, of one of General Hiram H. Sibley's expedition camps in July 1863 which he named for one of his Indian scouts buried here. (17, p. 60) CAMP GREELY: See CAMP HANCOCK- CAMP HANCOCK: Soon after the establishment of Fort McKean, later named , on the west bank of the Missouri River, a small settlement or railroad survey camp formed on the op­ posite bank at the present site of the U. S. Weather Bureau, 117 Main St., Bismarck by the Lake Superior Puget Sound Townsite Co.,.called CAMP GREELEY, probably named for the famed newspaper editor, Horace Greeley. On August 8, 1872, the Northern Pacific R. R. trans­ fer steamboat, Ida Stockdale brought U. S. troops to this new military post. In 1873 it was replaced by CAMP HANCOCK, named for Gen. W. S. Hancock, who was in charge. Technically speaking this was not a fort or post, but a supply depot for receiving shipments consigned to Fort Abraham Lincoln and other military posts. (23, p. 6; 69, 7/13/56, p. 12) CAMPAGNE: A post office established May 9, 1905 in the home of the postmaster, Frank Campagne in Missouri Twp. NW^ Sec. 7; dis­ continued Sept. 15, 1906 and mail sent to Bismarck. (32; 80) CANFIELD: A rural post office on the north shore of Lake Canfield established in 1891; named ANDREWS for its township which was named for its first postmaster, Wm. E. Andrews; discontinued Nov. 25, 1902. It was re-established July 6, 1905 and renamed CANFIELD with Art H. Knowlton, postmaster. The post office was named for the lake which was named for Charles E. Canfield, who in 1890-1895 homestead­ ed land bordering the lake on the north. The post office was discon­ tinued August 31, 1912. (12; 32; 38, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 7; 80) CARLETON CITY: It is likely it was named for Carleton, Minn., from where the N.P.R.R. on Feb. 15, 1870 with special ceremonies started to extend the rail line to this point. A little town of tents and log huts sprang up in 1871-2 at the end of the surveyed grade on the east bank of the Missouri River, just opposite of Fort McKean and was first known as "OTTER CROSSING", where it was expected the railroad would cross the river. The town was later called POINT PLEASANT but to the soldiers it was known as "WHISKEY POINT". It flourished until Bismarck was established about a mile farther west, when it moved bodily houses and all to the new town. In the spring of 1874, a freshet on the Misouri River washed all traces of Carleton City out of existence. (12; 19, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 131; 38, vol. 2, no. 7, p. 7; 69, 6/25/56) 50 CHAPIN: A coal miners' colony with an 80 room hotel and railroad siding established in 1902, one mile east of Wilton at the Washburn Lignite Coal Mine No. 1, and named by W. D. Washburn of Minne­ apolis, owner of the railroad and mine, for his son, Edward Chapin Washburn. (Wilton News, 5/3/36) CLARKE'S FARM: See MENOKEN. CONGER: On Jan. 11, 1886 a post office was established in the home of the postmaster, Myron B. Hatch in Glenview Twp. on the Slaughter- Bismarck mail route. Discontinued April 18, 1904. Origin of name not known. (32; 80) CROFTE: A township and its post office named for a homesteader of that name, who soon afterwards relinquished his land. The post office was established June 16, 1886 with George C. Wainwright, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 20,1900. (Wm. B. Falconer, Bismarck, N. D. 11/20/58; 80) CROMWELL: The post office and its township were named for Ed­ ward and A. Cromwell, early settlers here. The post office was es­ tablished Aug. 21, 1884 with Catherine Hubbard, postmaster; discon­ tinued May 15, 1909. (32; 80) CUMBERLAND: A post office established Jan. 12, 1885 in the farm home of the postmaster, Ada B. Cumberland; discontinued June 19, 1886; mail sent to Crofte. (80) DRISCOLL: A post office was established here June 5, 1884 with William W. Wilcox, postmaster. Named for Frederick Driscoll, man­ ager of the old St. Paul Pioneer Press and later of the Pioneer Press after the merger of the two newspapers. The Pioneer Press was the N.P.R.R. official organ in early days, which accounts for bestowing the name Driscoll on one of their townsites. The townsite of eight blocks was platted Sept. 1903 by Hallum & Olson. (6, p. 37; 7, p. 287; 73; 76; 80) EDBERG: A rural post office long discontinued was established Feb. 13, 1886 with Marcus A. Edberg, postmaster and early settler in Sec. Trygg Twp. (32) EDWINTON: See BISMARCK. FORT LINCOLN: Not to be confused with Fort Abraham Lincoln, west of the Missouri River in Morton County established in 1872, al­ though they identically derive their names from our U. S. martyred president, this post is about two miles southeast of Bismarck. This military reservation was first established by Congress in 1896 and first occupied in 1903. The garrison of Fort Lincoln was removed in 51 1913. Although put to use again in two world wars, the fort has been unoccupied for long periods, while remaining under the jurisdiction of the War Department. (23, p. 6; Bismarck Tribune 5/23/56) FRANCES: A rural post office named for its township which was or­ ganized in 1914 was established in Sec. 34, on March 26, 1894 with Frank Duretta, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 15, 1921. The township was named for Mrs. Frances Hood, an early settler here. (Lynn Sperry, Star Rte. 2, Bismarck, N. D. 1/10/57; 80) GENEVA: A Northern Pacific R. R. Siding and loading station on Sec. 24, Driscoll Twp. It is said to be named for Geneva, Minnesota. GLASCOCK: A short lived rural post office established July 14, 1886 was named for the first postmaster, James B. Glascock. (80) GRASS LAKE: A post office of short duration, established Oct. 29, 1892 in Sec. 7 of Grass Lake Twp., in the home of the postmaster, John H. Noon; discontinued Nov. 25, 1893. The township and post office both named for the lake which was so named, descriptive of the rank grass and reeds which grew profusely in the lake bed. (80) GROVE: For political reasons this post office was established May 7, 1908 with Frank O. Hellstrom, postmaster in the State Penitentiary during Gov. John Burke's administration and discontinued during Gov. L. B. Hanna's . It probably derived its name from the grove of cottonwoods near the R.R. Junction Sv/itch at the penitentiary brickyards. (Lynn Sperry, Bismarck, N. D. 1/10/57; 80) ISAAC: A post office established in Hawkeye Twp. Nov. 21, 1902 at the home of the postmaster, John Isaak and named for him, although spelled differently; discontinued July 31, 1905. (80) LAKEVIEW: A short lived rural post office established May 17, 1907 on NW14 Sec. 3, Richmond Twp., in the home of the postmaster, Paul C. Burhaus; discontinued Sept. 1908. The name is descriptive, for lakes to the northwest and lakes to the southeast could be viewed from the post office site. (80) LANGHORNE: A group of coal miners' cottages established in 1916, two miles east of Wilton in Ecklund Twp. at the Washburn Lignite Coal Co. Mine No. 2, and named by W. D. Washburn, Minneapolis, Minn., owner of the mine, for his daughter-in-law, whose maiden name was Langehorne. (59, 5/3/36) LEIN: A post office named for its township, which was named for John O. Lein, who operated a store north of Driscoll in which the post office was established Aug. 29, 1914 with Bernt M. Lein, postmaster; discontinued July 31, 1914. (12, 1/16/55; 80) 52 LONG LAKE CITY: A ghost town that never materialized was given the descriptive name of the nearby lake. The town was to have been at the crossing of the Soo Line and the N.P.R.R. in Sec. 22 of Long Lake Twp. (19, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 27) MACOMBER: A loading station on the Soo R.R. siding three miles east of Wilton at the Washburn Lignite Coal Mine No. 2. Named for Walter P. Macomber, one of the founders of Wilton and first superin­ tendent of Wilton mines. (32, p. 97; 59, 5/3/36) MAGNUS: A post office established Jan. 15, 1901 named for Olaf J. Magnuson, postmaster. In Sept. 1902 a Soo Line R.R. station was plat­ ted in Sec. 30, Apple Creek named for the post office but never ma­ terialized. (32, p. 45; 80) MAINE: A post office established Sept. 29, 1880 with Lamount O. Stevens, postmaster, supposedly named for L. M. Maine, land owner in Sec. 5 & 6 Sterling Twp. (80) McKENZIE: This town, its township and a county on the western boundary of the state were named for Alexander McKenzie, a most prominent and influential political figure in the early years of N. D. statehood. He owned land adjoining this townsite at the time of its founding. The post office was established Oct. 17, 1887 with Benjamin F. Leovil, postmaster. (5, p. 497; 7, p. 288; 32, p. 53; 80) MENOKEN: The place has been plentifully sown with names and still retains two officially. In 1873, the Northern Pacific R. R. con­ structed a siding here known as SEVENTEENTH SIDING later as BLAINE; named by settlers from the state of Maine, for James G. Blaine, American statesman and senator from that state. A post of­ fice was established here, named CLARKE'S FARM on Aug. 2, 1880 with John I. Steen, postmaster. It was named for C. J. Clarke, of Pittsburg, Pa., on whose farmland the town later developed. The Clarke Farm was sold to Col. S. G. Magill of Fargo, N. D., who in March 1883 platted 80 acres as a townsite, which on Dec. 12, 1882, he named MENOKEN, an Indian name that is said to mean, "Thou shalt reap where thou hast sown." The post office name was changed from Clarke's Farm to Menoken March 6, 1883 and Florence C. Corey ap­ pointed postmaster. On Sept. 23, 1891 the N.P.R.R. officials changed the station name to BURLEIGH for Dr. Walter A. Burleigh, Indian Agent and Dak. Terr, delegate to Congress. The change was made to distinguish it easily from several other stations on the line with names of the same initial letter. Menoken remains officially the name of the town and post office. (7, p. 288; 1.1, p. 193; 38, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 9; 73; 80) 53 MITCHELL'S POST: This early day trading post established by Da­ vid D. Mitchell for the American Fur Co., was near the present site of Bismarck on the land entered as a homestead by J. D. Simmons. (5, p. 167) MOFFIT: A N.P.R.R. station on the Linton Branch established 1886; named for the Moffit family, early homesteaders of this area. George W. Moffit is said to have laid the first local track switch. A post office was established at this station in SW1/), Sec. 17 of Long Lake Twp. Feb. 27, 1906 with Knonly F. Moffit, postmaster. (Lynn Sperry, Bismarck, N. D. 1/10/57; 73. 76; 80) ' MOLTKE: An early day post office established Dec. 31, 1883 with Albert E. Weber, postmaster on Sec. 21, Nettle Creek Twp.; discontin­ ued Oct. 22, 1884. Believed to be named by German settlers in this area for Field Marshal, Count Helmuth von Moltke of their homeland, as was the short lived town of Moltke in Stark County in July, 1883. (19, vol. 21, no. 3, p. 103; 80) NAUGHTON: A post office established Feb. 14,1901 on Sec. 6 Francis Twp. with Michael Wolf, postmaster. This post office and the adja­ cent township on the west were named for John Naughton, an early settler here. The post office was discontinued May 31, 1917. (32, p. 67; 80) ONG: Named for Lewis H. Ong, first postmaster in whose home on Sec. 28, Richmond Twp. the post office was established Aug. 7, 1902; discontinued May 31, 1912. (32, p. 7; 80) OTTER CROSSING: See CARLETON CITY. PAINTED WOODS: A group of large cottonwoods once stood on a point of land where the lake empties into the Missouri River and has long been known as the Painted Woods, so called by the Indians. It had once been neutral ground between tribes until a Mandan Indian Girl fell in love with a Yanktonai Sioux warrior and planned to leave her people. Both were slain by resentful tribesmen and their bodies placed in the branches of a large tree; its bark peeled and it became bleached and white like the bones it held. The Yanktonai warriors who came to the woods to paint their faces and prepare for battle, would boastfully paint their threats and victories on the bleached tree trunk. The in retaliation painted the surrounding trees to mock their enemy. A fire swept through in 1851 and burned these particular cottonwoods, but,this area and the country around it re­ tained the name Painted Woods. The first white inhabitant on this point of land was a German named Baker, who in 1867 established a woodyard for sale of wood to the Missouri River steamboats. The first 54 permanent settlers in this timbered section were Dan Williams, Joseph Henry Taylor and Wm. H. H. Musser (Mercer), who came in 1869 and staked off their claims. It is said Taylor became the first postmaster, using a hole cut in the trunk of a hollow tree for a post office. Dan Williams platted a townsite on the NW^4 Sec. 26-142-81 in 1883 and named it PAINTED WOODS for the woodlands that lay between it and the Missouri River. A post office was established here May 5, 1879 with Sven A. Peterson, postmaster, who operated the general store in which it was located. The townsite never developed and the vacation of the plat returns Sept. 24, 1904 and the lots to acre property closed the career of the town of Painted Woods. The post office was discontinued April 30, 1920. (19, vol. 22, no. 1 & 2, p. 14;.24, vol. 1, p. 106; 42, 7/19/07; 12, 6/3/05) PELICAN: This country post office derived its name from the near­ by lake which was a nesting place for white pelicans, a fairly common migrant and summer resident of North Dakota. The post office was established in the home of Nels M. Christianson, two miles southeast of Pelican Lake, May 9, 1905; discontinued Dec. 31, 1913. ( John Anderson, Regan, N. D., 11/30/55; 80) PHOENIX: A rural post office established Sept. 15, 1903 on the NW% Sec. 32 Hazel Grove Twp., with George F. Spang, postmaster; discon­ tinued April 19, 1907. Origin of name not known. (80) PIERCE SIDING: This NP.R.R. siding in Sec. 7 of Apple Creek Twp. may have been named for Gilbert A. Pierce, former governor of D. T. Another version is that it was named for Pierce Blewett, former train master, who later became a large grain dealer in this area; and others think it was named for Gerald Pierce, who owned land adjoining the right-of-way. (12, 1/16/92; 32; 73) POINT PLEASANT: See CARLETON CITY. RAWLINGS: On June 27, 1898 a post office was established in Ed­ ward Rawlings' home on Sec. 6, Croft Twp.; discontinued Jan. 16, 1901 and mail sent to Baldwin, a few miles southwest. (12, 12/31/01; 80) REGAN: Named for J. Austin Regan of Fessenden, an official of the Dakota Land & Townsite Co., which established the town on Sec. 35 of Estherville Twp., shortly after the Wilton-Pingree branch of the N.P. R.R. was completed in 1911. The post office was established Nov. 5, 1911 with Lillian Ong, postmaster. Regan incorporated as a village in 1916. (12; 32, p. 107; 73; 76; 80) SATHER: A post office on the Painted Woods rural mail route with Charles K. Kupitz, mail carrier, was established June 12, 1901 in the home of the postmaster, Ole Sather, on Sec. 18 of Burnt Creek Twp.; discontinued Nov. 15, 1915. (12, 8/25/01; 32; 80) 55 SEVENTEENTH SIDING: See MENOKEN. SIBLEY BUTTE: A post office established Aug. 14, 1900 with Harvey E. Smith, postmaster, derived its name from the butte which Gen. H. H. Sibley used as a lookout in his Indian Campaign of 1863. The post office was discontinued July 15, 1910. (10, 789; 80) SIXTEENTH SIDING: See STERLING- SLAUGHTER: A post office established in the Swedish settlement of Ecklund Twp. March 9, 1886 with Linda W. Slaughter, postmaster •who with her husband Dr. B. Frank Slaughter were homesteading land here at this time. Mrs. Slaughter petitioned for the post office See Wales. Dr. Slaughter, post surgeon of Camp Hancock, who with Mrs. Slaughter, came to Bismarck from Fort Rice on Aug. 1872 and both were identified with the leading events of the early years in Bis­ marck. The Slaughter post office was discontinued Jan. 31, 1908. (5, p. 542; Jessie Slaughter Burgum, Arthur N. D. 2/5/55; 80) STARK: A post office established on Sec. 8, of Hazel Grove Twp., Aug. 18, 1904 with William H. Stark, postmaster; named for George Stark, Gen. Mgr. of the Northern Pacific R. R. and owner of the Stark Farm, which opened to demonstrate the fertility and adaptability of this Missouri River region to general farming. It is also recorded that the post office was named for Walter H. Stark, first white child born in the township, Nov. 26, 1903. The post office was discontinued June 30, 1914. (5, p. 498; 80) STERLING: A Northern Pacific R.R. siding constructed in 1873 was first named SIXTEENTH SIDING. The name was changed to STER­ LING July 1, 1882 for Sterling, 111., by a colony of homesteaders from there. The post office was established Sept. 27, 1882 with Oscar Ball, postmaster. . The town was platted in Dec. 1882. In 1898 a line change was made leaving the old town a mile north of the railroad. (73; 80) STEWARTDALE: On July 2, 1883 a post office was established on SW!/4 Sec. 2 in Missouri Twp. with Donald A. Stewart, postmaster; discontinued July 31, 1917. (32, p. 33; 80) STILL: Named in 1911 for H. E. Still, assistant general freight agent of the N.P.R.R. at the time the station was established (73) SOUTH WILTON: Four blocks of the original townsite of Wilton, mainly in McLean County were established on NWl/j, of NEt/j, Sec. 2 Ecklund Twp., in Oct. 1899. Louise and Minnie Avenues divide the blocks, named for the daughters of Jacob Kilian, original land owner. The Wilton townsite selected by Gen. W. D. Washburn was named for his former home in Maine. Gen. Washburn, former U. S. Senator from Minnesota and flour mill industrialist of Minneapolis, established the 56 Bismarck, Washburn and Great Falls R. R. from Bismarck to Wilton in July 1900 and opened up the Washburn Lignite Coal Mine, one mile east in 1901, which in a few years operation became the largest in the state. (Wilton News 4/10/36; 32, p. 35) THE CROSSING: See BISMARCK. TRYGG: An inland post office established on Sec. 8 of Rock Hill Twp., Oct. 19, 1907 with Wallace H. Lee, postmaster. It was named for three brothers, Charles, Andrew and David Trygg, early settlers in this area. The post office was discontinued Dec. 11, 1931 and mail sent to Canfield. (Lynn Sperry, Bismarck, N. D. 1/10/57; 80) VIGNESS: A post office established a few miles northeast of Baldwin on April 23, 1904 in the home of the postmaster, Carl L. Vigness; It was a short duration; long since discontinued. (80) WALES: A rural post office established May 21, 1886 with Dr. B. F. Slaughter, postmaster on the "Burleigh County Poor Farm" in a well settled district eight miles north of Bismarck. Linda W. Slaughter, while in Washington petitioned the Post Office Dept. to establish a post office in Ecklund Twp., where she and her husband were home- steading. But found that two post offices were required before a mail-route could be established from Bismarck 28 miles north to Eck­ lund Twp. So the WALES post office was then designated by Mrs. Slaughter. She suggested the Ecklund Twp. post office be named "Solitude", but the Department officials complimented her by naming it SLAUGHTER; she returned the compliment by suggesting that the second post office be named WALES for one of the Dept. officials. The Wales' post office burned to the ground July 26, 1892 and was never reestablished. (Jessie Slaughter Burgum, Arthur, N. D. 2/5/55; 12, 8/3/92; 80) WELCH SPUR: A Soo R.R. siding in Teller Twp., Sec. 4, named for several land owners near there, O. P., A. D., John, and George Welch. (32) WING: Named for Charles Wing, a share-holder in the Dakota Town- site Co., Carrington, N. D., which platted the town in 1910, just prior to the construction of the N.P.R.R. branch from Pingree to Wilton. The post office was established April 15, 1911 with Leslie B. Draper, postmaster. Wing was incorporated as a village in 1921. (Mayor Axel Soder, Wing, N. D. 6/30/55; 80) WHISKEY POINT: See CARLETON CITY. WISNER: James H. Johnson, was the one and only postmaster of this post office established May 16, 1901, three miles northwest of the pre­ sent town of Regan. It was discontinued May 31, 1907. It may have 57 been named for J. E. Wisner, well-known land baron of Ransom Coun­ ty and inventor of the Tiger Horse Rake. (John Anderson, Regan, N. D. 12/19/55; 80) WOGANSPORT: This post office established Mar. 3,1882 in the home of Henry F. Wogan, its first postmaster was 18 miles northwest of Bis­ marck on NW1/* Sec. 18-141-80 near a Missouri River boat landing or port. Wogan considered himself a learned man, was dubbed "Profes­ sor," tried to launch a university at Wogansport, and was indited for fraud in 1893. Francis R. Simons succeeded him as postmaster, fol­ lowed by Wm. H. Scott in 1895. The office was discontinued May 30, 1915. (12, 6/23/91; 19, vol. 22, No. 1-2 p. 13)

CASS COUNTY ABSARAKA: This settlement began in 1882 on the Great Northern Branch Rwy. on the SV2 Sec. 33-141-53. It bears the corrupted name of the earliest known Indian tribe to inhabit this area, the Absaroke ("Sparrow-hawk people"), also known as Hidatsa, Gros Ventres and Minitari. The post office was established Feb. 2, 1890 with John B. Macheum, postmaster. ( 7, p. 19; vol. 13, no. 3; 80) ADDISON: This Great Northern station on the SW}4 Sec. 15 and NWi/i, Sec. 22-138-51 was first named WILLIAMS, when it was estab­ lished in 1800 for H. M. Williams, who owned a bonanza farm there. It was renamed ADDISON in 1882 for Addison Leech Sr., who bought the Williams' farm. Leech is said to have owned 47,000 acres of land in Cass and Barnes counties. He was a member of the State Consti­ tutional Convention in 1889. A post office was established March 30, 1888, which has long since been discontinued. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE: In 1890-91 a group of buildings was erected on Sec. 36-140-49, one and one-half miles northwest of the business center of Fargo for an agricultural college and government experimental station, known as NDAC, North Dakota Agricultural College. A post office was soon established in the Administration Building and officially named AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. In 1925 it was transferred to the Fargo post office, known as AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE STATION and then in 1961 it was changed to STATE UNI­ VERSITY STATION; for in the November election of 1960, the col­ lege was'renamed North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Sciences. The Great Northern in 1914 built a spur track to the power house, which is listed in their timetables as AGRICULTUR­ AL COLLEGE SPUR. 58 ALICE: A Northern Pacific Rwy. station established in 1900 on the SWi/i, Sec. 18-138-54. The townsite was platted that year by Frank Blasl; it incorporated as a village in 1925. It was named by R. B. Lewis, a Fargo banker, and one time Lieut. Governor of N. D., for his wife and daughter, their given names being Alice. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 73) AMENIA: The Northern Pacific established a station on Sec. 26-141- 52 in 1880 which was sold to the Great Northern in 1882. Meanwhile a large settlement grew here, which was named AMENIA by Eben Chaffee, Sec'y-Treas. of the Amenia Sharon Land Co. on whose home­ stead the station was built. It became the headquarters of this com­ pany which organized at Amenia, N. Y., in 1875; Sharon, Conn, is just across the state line from Amenia. This organization of 23 stockhold­ ers from Amenia and 13 from Sharon had invested in the Northern Pa­ cific securities to its railroad lands in the wake of the road's bankruptcy of 1873. In 1876 Eben Chaffee came to this section of Dakota Terr, and started what was to be the largest of the bonanza farms, with thousands of acres extending about 30 miles south of Amenia, the town he founded. Amenia was rigidly controlled by the company until it disbanded in 1920. As a result the townsite was not platted until late in 1928. It was incorporated as a village the same year. However, the post office was established Jan. 20, 1880 with Edwin McNeil, postmas­ ter. (11, p. 188;21;80) ARGUSVILLE: This village on Sec. 6-141-49 was first settled in 1880. The Great Northern station was established in the spring of 1881 and the townsite platted in August by Frank W. Aldrich. The townsite of­ ficials named it for the Fargo Argus, published by A. W. Edwards, first daily newspaper in North Dakota. The first issue was Nov. 17, 1879. Its name was taken from the Greek mythological figure Argus, the watchman with a hundred eyes. The Argusville post office was established Jan. 11, 1882 with Morris J. Drake, postmaster. The town- site was platted Aug. 1881 by Frank W. Aldrich; incorporated as a vill­ age in 1921. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) ARTHUR: This Northern Pacific station established in 1880 on the NWl/j, Sec. 24-142-52, now on the Great Northern was named ROSE- DALE by the early residents for Rose Gunkel, sister of a prominent local pioneer. In 1882 the name was changed to ARTHUR, in honor of Chester A. Arthur, who succeeded James A. Garfield as president of the United States in 1881, the year this town was founded. When its township was organized Feb. 4, 1884, the post office established here Oct. 31, 1881 named Rosedale, was renamed ARTHUR on that date al­ so. The townsite was platted in May 1882 by Samuel B. Johnson. Ar­ thur incorporated as a village in 1921. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) 59 AYR: A Great Northern station established for the Elgin (bonanza) Farm owned by Thomas Park of Harrington, Elginshire, Scotland. He named the station ELGIN on July 27, 1883 and platted it on the SW}4 11-141-54. Another station in had previously been named Elgin, so the territorial legislature in March 1885 changed the name of this Scottish settlement to AYR for the home of Robert Burns, Scottish poet of Ayrshire, Scotland and several local settlers. The post office was established Jan. 7, 1884 with Frank H. Dickinson, postmas­ ter. Ayr was incorporated as a village in 1926. Thomas Park was the leading merchant and James Dunlap was the manager of the Park Farm nearby owned by a Scottish Syndicate. (19, vol. 1, p. 13; no. 3, p. 21; 80) BEDFORD: See NOLAN. BUFF: See BUFFALO. BUFFALO: A Northern Pacific siding constructed in 1872, known as THIRD SIDING, for it was the third siding west of Fargo; became the site of a settlement named BUFF on the SWl/i, Sec. 19-140-54. The name was changed about 1875 to NEW BUFFALO and platted in May 1878. It was named by Socrates Squires and his daughter, Mrs. Ger­ trude Talcott, owners of large tracts of land in this area at that time. Both names were variations of Buffalo, N. Y., the birthplace of W. E. Wilkeson, Sec'y of the N. P. Rwy. Hans B. Strand was the first to lo­ cate on the townsite and was postmaster of New Buffalo from Oct. 15,1878 until the spring of 1879 when he opened up a general merchan­ dise store. The name of the village was shortened to BUFFALO, when Charles A. Wilder became postmaster June 5, 1883. Buffalo incorpor­ ated April 6, 1884. (22, 6/12/55; 38, vol. 1, no. 7, p. 51; 73; 80) CANFIELD: See FIFE. CASSELTON: In 1870 the first settlers of this townsite area called it GOOSE CREEK or SWAN CREEK for the stream nearby, which the early French explorers named Aux Ontardes, for the many flocks of wild geese that fed and nested there. In 1875 when Peter B. Cheney, one of the leading directors and promoters of the Northern Pacific Rwy., established an experimental tree nursery here as an aid to the right-of-way tree planting scheme, the place was known as N. P. NUR­ SERY. Then when the Northern Pacific established a station in 1876 on Sec. 35-140-52 it was first called CASS TOWN for George Cass, the president of the railroad and for whom the county was named Jan. 4, 1873. The name was changed to CASSELTON when the post office was established Aug. 8, 1876 with William Croswell, postmaster. Al­ though the townsite had been platted by the railroad company since 60 1877, actual settlement did not commence until 1878. It incorporated as a village in 1880 and as a city in 1883. (11, p. 187; 19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 138;-37, vol. 5, p. 54; 38, vol. 1, no. 7, p. 19; 65; 80) CASS TOWN: See CASSELTON. CENTRALIA: See FARGO.

CHAFFEE: This station constructed on Sy2 Sec. 10-138-53 was the terminus of the twelve mile long Red River Valley and Western Rail­ road which was promoted by the Amenia and Sharon Land Co., to serve its large block of land in southern Cass County. Eben Chaffee, president of the company, named the station RITA for his niece, Rita . Chaffee. In 1893 the Great Northern completed construction and be­ came the owners and in 1894 renamed the station CHAFFEE for Eben Chaffee the original owner of the townsite and of large land holdings in this area. A post office was established May 25, 1895 with Chris­ tian C. Furnberg, postmaster. In Dec. 1898, Frank Lynch platted the Chaffee townsite. (21; 31, p. 478; 80) CHASE: A Great Northern Railroad loading station on the SW14 Sec. 23-140-49 established in 1899; removed in June 1936. Origin of name not known. COTTER: A Northern Pacific station constructed in May 1881 on Sec. 15-139-48 and named COTTERS; changed July 25, 1915 to COTTER for Charles Cotter, from whom the right-of-way was acquired. He was the first fireman on the Northern Pacific in 1870 when the locomotive was fired by wood. Cotter station was removed in the fall of 1949. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 73; 81) COTTERS: See COTTER- COWAN: A rural post office established April 8, 1884 with William Cowan, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 8, 1888 and mail sent to Sheldon in Ransom County. (80; 82) DAKOTA CITY: In 1895, one log cabin stood at the crossing of the Red River, just opposite LaFayette, Minn., on the Dakota side, where Frank Durant and David Auger were holding down a townsite, known as DAKOTA CITY for Pierre Bottineau, the noted French Chippewa guide, and other land prospectors of Minneapolis. The city never ma­ terialized. (22,.7/17/55) DALRYMPLE: This Northern Pacific station established in 1875 on Ey2 Sec. 31-140-51 and named for Oliver P. Dalrymple, owner and operator of this first bonanza farm in North Dakota. Originally the farm comprised 75,000 acres; breaking was done in 1875 of 1,280 acres. 61 Land was purchased at 40 to 60 cents an acre then. In 1865, he opened up a farm in Washington County, Minn., the largest wheat farm in the world (26,000 acres), which led to his selection of an experimental farm in Cass County, Dakota Territory, bordering the Northern Pa­ cific R. R. since known as The Dalrymple Farm. This DALRYMPLE station is still in use for a small elevator and sugar beet loading ma­ chinery; and Oliver Dalrymple descendants still operate the farm near­ by. (38, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 22) DARTMOOR: A Great Northern station established in 1907 on the NWi/4 Sec. 34-142-54; removed in Aug. 1926. Origin of the name not known. DAVENPORT: A station established in 1882 at the junction of the Northern Pacific's Fargo and Southwestern branch and the Great Northern's Wahpeton-Casselton line. The townsite was platted in March, 1882 by G. E. Channing and Henry D. Cooke, Jr., on the NW14, Sec. 1-137-51 and named by Channing for a Massachusetts friend, Alice Davenport, who later became the wife of Governor Chalfin of that state. A post office was established April 2, 1882 with Elmer E. Smith, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1895. (22; 76; 80) DELANO: See HUNTER. DURBIN: A Great Northern Station named for its township, which was named in the 1870s for an official of the railroad. The townsite was platted in the spring of 1881, on the SW^ Sec. 32-139-51 by C. W. Redmore. The post office was established May 19, 1881 with Albert Bazemill, postmaster; discontinued .Jan. 1, 1930. Only the elevator, depot and a few residences are now left. (10, p. 738; 76; 80) ELDRED: A rural post office named for its township was established on Sec. 15 April 5, 1882 with James M. Watson, postmaster; discontin­ ued Sept. 11, 1895 and mail sent to Watson post office. The township was named for L. F. Eldred, a homesteader on Sec. 5, who was an uncle of the postmaster's wife, Caroline Eldred Watson. (80) ELGIN: See AYR. ELIZABETH: This Northern Pacific loading station constructed in 1900 on the EVi Sec. 31-138-55. Named for Elizabeth Fee, daughter of C. S. Fee, who was then General Passenger and Ticket Agent of the N.P.R.R. A post office was established here April 23, 1900; discontin­ ued Nov. 30, 1905 and mail sent to Alice. This now abandoned rail­ road branch was called, "The Female Line," because most of the sta­ tions were named for women. (9/2/58, Roy P. Johnson, Fargo, N. D.; 80) 62 EMBDEN: Named for Embden, Somerset County, Maine, former home of Enos Gray, homesteader of 1879, who secured the establish­ ment of a post office at his farm home in Gill Twp. Feb. 26, 1883; dis­ continued July 15, 1891 and mail sent to Gill. The Northern Pacific established a station in 1900 on NE3/^, Sec. 1-138-54 and named it Emb­ den and the post office was soon re-established. (5, p. 980; 80) ERIE: This village was founded in the spring of 1881 on the NE%, Sec. 16-142-53 and named by the townsite owner, H. W. Noble, banker and extensive oil producer of Erie, Pa. A number of other settlers came from there with him and opened large farms nearby. The Great Northern R. R. Co. built the station here in the summer of 1882, the townsite, however, was not platted until July, 1904. The post office was established in John McKee's grocery store Oct. 30, 1882 and he was appointed postmaster. (80) EVEREST: This Great Northern station was constructed in 1881 on the NEl/4 Sec. 15-139-52 and the townsite was platted that fall by Wil­ liam A. Kindred and George P. Jacobs. Jacobs owned the land and Kindred was a Fargo realtor. The post office was established April 30, 1883 with J. R. Rodenburg, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 30, 1908. The station was named for its township, which may have been named for the editor of the Lisbon (N. D.) Star at that time. The railroad sta­ tion was removed in 1954. The small village site is vacant now, only a farmstead is left. (80) FABIAN: A Northern Pacific station, built in Oct. 1901 on the SWVi Sec. 9-138-54. It was just an elevator station and it was removed in April, 1940. It was named for Harry A. Fabian, who was then chief clerk in the office of the Northern Pacific R.R. president. (11, p. 188) FARGO: Its history commences with the advent of the N.P.R.R. sur­ veying party. In the spring of 1871 there was wild speculation among squatters, townsite promoters and settlers about where this first rail­ road to enter the state would cross the Red River. Townsites were platted and tent shack towns sprang up over night. Finally, on the eve­ ning of July 4, 1871, the engineers of the railroad made a rush for the site of the present city and soon after received title to same. The town- site settled quickly and became at once a chief distributing point for a large agriculture area. A post office was established Sept. 22, 1871 with Gordon J. Keenan, postmaster; on the present site of Fargo and named CENTRALIA by the settlers. It was a coined word, which was meant to indicate the central point of Dakota Territory development; that it would be the center or hub of activities. It never became widely known by that name. The U. S. Postal Dept. shows the name changed to FARGO on Feb. 14, 1872 and Walter D. Maddock appointed postmas- 63 ter. He meanwhile operated a general merchandise store, in which 'the post office was located. It was named Fargo by the directors of the Northern Pacific Rwy. at their meeting in New York, to honor one of the directors, William G. Fargo, the founder of the Wells-Fargo Ex­ press. Fargo was incorporated in 1875. N. K. Hubard purchased the first three lots sold. The first settlers, who lived in tents on this site, called it "TENT CITY." It was also originally called "THE CROSS­ ING," as it was the site where the Northern Pacific Rwy. crossed the Red River. (11, p. 185; 38, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 6; 76; 80) FIFE: Established in 1882 on the NWl/i, Sec. 2-139-50 and named CANFIELD for Thomas H. Canfield, president of the Lake Superior Sound Land Co., the townsite subsidiary of the Northern Pacific R.R. The name was changed to FIFE, June 2, 1907 for Joe Fife, emigrant from Scotland, to Ontario, Canada; and who in 1872 seeded and har­ vested there in the Saskatchewan River country a new variety of wheat, Scotch Fife, a hard beardless strain, and from this came the finest crop of No. 1 hard wheat. This best yielding and best milling spring wheat known, came into demand with the Red River Valley farmers in the 1880's. All that is left now of the station Fife are a number of sidings where stock cars are stored for the stockyards of West Fargo. (31, pp. 259, 469; 38, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 40; 37, 40) FLEMING: This early day Great Northern loading station was es­ tablished in the fall of 1881 on Rufus E. Fleming farm in Sec. 25 Wheatland Twp.; removed in August, 1943. The Golden Spike Expe­ dition of the Northern Pacific RR stopped here Sept. 4, 1883 to watch farm operations. The party included Gen. U. S. Grant and many other dignitaries. (Roy P. Johnson, Fargo, N. D., 9/2/58) GARDNER: A Great Northern station built in 1881 on the NE^i Sec. 2-142-50. Named for Stephen Gardner, an extensive land owner in this area, and from whom the railroad bought the right-of-way. The townsite was platted May, 1882, by Samuel W. Mairs and Lewis W. Follett; incorporated as a village in 1929. The post office was established Dec. 8, 1881, with Cornelius Byerly, postmaster. (20, p. 190; 80) GARFIELD: Little is known of this rural post office established May 25, 1895 with C. C. Furnberg, postmaster; discontinued in 1897 and mail sent to nearby Chaffee. Origin of name not known. (80) GILL: A rural post office named for its township, established May 6, 1886, with Wm. H. Smylie, postmaster. The township was named for James C. Gill, who resided on Sec. 35 when Gill Twp. organized May 13, 1884, and who opened up a 4,000 acre farm in the county. He was 64 a member of the 1891 legislature. The post office has long since been discontinued and mail sent to Chaffee. (38, vol. 1, p. 22; 80; Roy P. Johnson, Fargo, N. D., 9/2/58) GLACIS: A Northern Pacific R.R. station built a few miles west of Casselton in 1882 on the SE14 Sec. 30 and the NEVi Sec. 31-140-52 at the site of a speculative townsite called SIDNEY. It was platted Nov. 1.882 by a group of Fargo real estate promoters, who claimed it would eventually replace Casselton. The plat was very extensive covering 160 acres. Nothing was ever built there. The Great North­ ern tracks crossed the Northern Pacific at this point, but the Great Northern never built a siding and their tracks were removed in 1893. SIDNEY was renamed GLACIS on Nov. 19, 1905; and the station was removed in the spring of 1940. Origins of the two names are not known. GOOSE CREEK: See CASSELTON. GRANDIN: The townsite was platted in Nov. 1880 on the NWV4 Sec. 3-143-50 on the south branch of the Elm River, when the Great Northern R.R. was building south from Grand Forks and was con­ structed to this point. The first settler was John Anderson, who opened up a blacksmith shop. The village was named for the brothers, J. L. and W. J. Grandin, the townsite owners and bankers of Tidioute, Pa., who on June 8, 1876 made their first purchase of Northern Pacific R.R. land in the Red River Valley, some 41,000 acres, which they almost doubled in later purchases and operated one of the most famous of the bonanza farms; and built the steamboat Grandin to haul their wheat to the railroad at Fargo. The Grandin post office was estab­ lished April 21, 1881 with John D. Taylor, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1926. (15, May vol. 1, p. 60; 21; 38, vol. 1, no. 6, p. 20; 80) GREENE: See NORPAK. HAGGERT: See WEST FARGO. HARTLEY: A rural post office established May 12, 1881 in the home of the postmaster Guilford Hartley; discontinued April 24, 1882. (80) HARWOOD: A Great Northern station built in 1881 on the SE%, Sec. 33 and the SWVi Sec. 34-141-49. The townsite was named in 1880 for A. J. Harwood, a prominent Fargo real estate dealer, who with Almond A. White and Solomon G. Comstock owned and platted it in March 1882. The post office was established Oct. 3, 1881 with Cyrus G. Bradley, postmaster. , (11, p. 188; 21; 80) HICKSON: A Milwaukee station built in Nov. 1883 in the center of Sec. 24-137-49. Named for Ole Hicks, one of the early settlers of Pleasant Twp. The townsite was platted in December of that year 65 by Richard S. Tyler, a Fargo real estate promoter, who had charge of most of the townsites on this railroad, which was then known as the Fargo & Southern. The post office was established June 23, 1884 with Alfred M. Hovland, postmaster. (1, p. 306; 80) HORACE: A rural post office named for Horace Greeley, noted newspaper editor, who coined the phrase, "Go West young man, and grow up with the country." A Northern Pacific loading station was built in 1882 on the NEVi, Sec. 19-138-49, one mile south of the post office which was established March 12, 1875 with Henry Clemenson, postmaster. The station was named for the post office. The original townsite was never platted, but several additions have been and the village thereon was incorporated in 1942. Most of the residents are of French-Canadian extraction. (10, p. 751; 73; 76; 80) HORACE STATION: See HORACE- HOWES: A Great Northern loading station built in the spring of 1885 on the SWi/j, Sec. 11 of Casselton Twp. Named for the Howe brothers, William J. and Thomas W. who operated a bonanza wheat farm in this area. The station was removed in April, 1955. HUNTER: Originally named DELANO, when the Northern Pacific built the station in 1880; named for Supt. Delano, who supervised the construction work. The town site was platted on NW% Sec. 24-143-52 in October 1880 by Newton K. Hubbard and William A. Kindred. It was named HUNTER for John C. Hunter, an extensive land holder in this vicinity, when the post office was established June 15, 1881 with Joseph H. Gale, postmaster. An elevator was erected that sum­ mer, which held 50,000 bushels; a store was started then by Gale and Duffany. The Great Northern acquired the station (see Amenia and Arthur). (22; 38, vol. 1, no. 7, p. 24; 80) KINDRED: A Great Northern station built in 1880 on the SE^, Sec. 29-137-50. Named for W. A. Kindred, a Fargo real estate dealer, who came to Dakota Territory in 1871 as land examiner for the North­ ern Pacific R.R. and some time later became a surveyor. The town- site land originally owned by the Northern Pacific was purchased by Kindred and J. S. Huntington in Sept. 1880 and platted by them by December that year. The post office was established May 18, 1881 with Albert Vaugsnas, postmaster. Settlement in the Kindred area began a decade earlier when Peter Borderud, Simon Hanson, John Rustad and Ole Svengaard homesteaded here. In the following year, 1871, a group of 100 Norwegian immigrants from Houston County, Minn., 19 families in all, homesteaded along the Sheyenne River in the Kindred area. (80) 66 LANGERS: This Northern Pacific loading station built in 1900 on the NE}4, Sec. 4 of Everest Twp. was named for two brothers, Joseph and Frank J. Langer, who settled in this area in 1877. Frank J. Langer (the father of Wm. Langer, one time governor of N. D.) settled on a claim near Casselton, and later became associated with the First National Bank of Casselton. Joseph Langer entered claim to land in Everest Twp., tree claim and preemption, from whom the Northern Pacific bought the right-of-way. The station was removed in the summer of 1950. (73) LEECHES: See WARREN-

LEONARD: A Northern Pacific station built in 1882 on El/2 Sec. 28-137-52. There are two versions as to the origin of the name. (1) The townsite and the township were both named for Leonard Stroble, a pioneer settler. (2) Named for Leonard C. Stiles, the first postmaster when the post office was established Dec. 19, 1881. The village incorporated in the 1950's. (22; 76; 80) LYNCHBERG: The Great Northern built this station in 1893 on SV2 Sec. 9-138-52. It was named for Frank Lynch, president of the Red River Valley & Western R.R. Co., which built 12 miles of road west from Addison to Chaffee (Lynchburg was midway), which was later taken over by the Great Northern. The post office that was established here was discontinued July 29, 1911 and mail sent to Durbin. (21; 38, vol. 1, no. 7, p. 17; 80) MAGNOLIA: This Northern Pacific railroad siding with a loading station, three miles west of Wheatland on the main line was con­ structed in 1886. It was the 24th place in the U. S. named for Dr. Pierre Magnol, a French botanist, for whom the magnolia tree was named. This was an important water station during the years when steam locomotives were in use. A dam was built across a coulee, backing up a small reservoir; several huge underground concrete storage tanks were also here. The water facilities were abandoned in the 1940's. (73) MALETTE: A rural post office established June 23, 1880 in the home of the first postmaster, Charles A. Malette, an 1879 pioneer in Sec. 33 of Casselton Twp. and owner of a 1500 acre farm. The post office was discontinued Oct. 31, 1881 and mail sent to Arthur. (80) MAPLE: A community center on the Maple River, where it crosses the Ransom County line; now long since abandoned. MAPLE RIVER: See MAPLETON. MAPLETON: Originally called MAPLE RIVER in 1870 by the set­ tlers, for it bordered the Maple River. It is one of the oldest towns 67 in the state. Incidentally Mary Bishop's log cabin was the only human habitation found by the Northern Pacific surveyors in 1871 between the Red and Missouri Rivers. Located on NW14 Sec. 6-139-50. The Northern Pacific built a station here in 1872 called MAPLE RIVER. The name was changed to MAPLETON when the post office was established July 21, 1875 with Mrs. Bishop, postmaster. She owned the townsite and sold it the following year. The plat was filed Sept. 2, 1876 having been platted in June that year by Mrs. Bishop and John Dunlap. The village incorporated in 1884. (7, p. 278; 11, p. 186; 21; 73) MASON: A Great Northern station was constructed in the fall of 1888 on the SW}4 Sec. 10-141-53 and named OATLAND; renamed Mason soon after. The post office established here was discontinued June 24, 1895 when John M. Johnson was postmaster and mail sent a few miles north to Erie. Origin of the names not known. In 1912, the Fargo-Surrey railway cut off and a station built on the NE14 Sec. 36-142-53 which was named MASON. This was about three miles northeast of the old Mason, which was abandoned when the eight and one-half miles of track between Ripon and Erie Junction were in 1913. This second Mason had an elevator but now only the sidings are left. (80) McHENCH SIDING: Established by the Milwaukee R.R. on NEl/i, Sec. 14-139-48 and named for Andrew McIIench, farmer-implement dealer, first county superintendent of schools in Cass County and a territorial legislator; and credited with bringing the first reaper to Red River Valley. The siding is now in the city of Fargo. (9/3/58, Roy P. Johnson, Fargo, N. D.) MIDWAY: A Northern Pacific station on Sec. 27-140-54 east of Buffalo now abandoned. Dates and origin of name not known. MORTIMER: The Great Northern built a station in the fall of 1914 on the SW]/4 Sec. 16-143-53, the first station north of Erie on this branch line at that time. Origin of the name not known. The ele­ vator burned in 1938 and the station was removed in Sept., 1940. MYRA: A Northern Pacific loading station established in 1900 on the SWVi Sec. 13 of Gill Twp. It was named for Myra Smith, daugh­ ter of Ella Smith, original owner of the land. This station is still in use; serves a small elevator. (73) NEW BUFFALO: See BUFFALO. NEWMAN: A loading station, platform and elevator, 15 miles NW of Fargo established in 1912, with passing tracks on the Fargo-Surrey line of the Great Northern. Supposedly named for Seth Newman, prominent lawyer of Fargo. 68 NOBLE: A rural post office established Jan. 17, 1882 on the NE*4 Sec. 22-143-49 with James Pratt, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 31, 1890 and mail sent to Perley, Minn. Named for H. W. Noble, an Erie, Pa., banker, extensive oil producer and owner of considerable land in Cass County. (80) NOLAN: This is a junction point established in 1912 SE of Page on the Fargo-Surrey cut-off and Devils Lake branch of the Great Northern R.R. originally named BEDFORD for Bedford, Ohio, the former home of George S. Barnes, founder of the Northern Pacific Elevator Co. Renamed NOLAN Aug. 15, 1944 for James Nolan, a prominent pioneer of the county. NORMAN: A rural post office in this village just south of Norman Mill on the Sheyenne River was established Nov. 14, 1873 with Soren J. Ottes, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 15, 1900 and mail sent to Kindred. Named for Carol Norman, local settler. (80) NORPAK: Originally named GREENE, when the Northern Pacific built this station in 1882 on NW% Sec. 34-140-51 to serve a bonanza wheat farm that Eli Greene had just bought from Henry Williams. It was renamed NORPAK (which is a stylized version of Northern Pacific) on May 24, 1912. It is now just a short spur serving a small elevator. NORTHVIEW: A rural post office of short duration was established March 30, 1882 in the home of the postmaster Lewis K. Rich in Buffalo Twp.; discontinued Sept. 22, 1882 and mail sent to Buffalo. Origin of name not known. (80) NORTHERN PACIFIC NURSERY: See CASSELTON. OATLAND: See MASON.

OSGOOD: A Northern Pacific station built in 1900 on the NW^, Sec. 33-139-48. Named for George E. Osgood, an 1878 pioneer, who farmed 4,000 acres during the 1880's. The station was removed in the spring of 1951. (1, p. 662; 22; 72) PAGE: A Great Northern station built in 1881 on Sec. 31-143-51. A townsite was platted here in June 1882 by Joseph H. Thompson. A post office was established March 17, 1882 with Frank Longstaff, post­ master. The village was named by Col. Morton, owner of a large farm in this area, for his brother-in-law Egbert E. Page, then a resi­ dent of Des Moines, Iowa. The village incorporated in 1903. (11, p. 249; 76; 80) PERSIS: A Northern Pacific station built in 1900 on NE}4 Sec. 7-139-52 on the Casselton-Marion branch line. It was named by 69 R. H. Weston, Chief Clerk in the Chief Engineer's office for his stenographer, Miss Edith Persis Howes. The station was removed in June, 1951. (73) PETERSON: A station now abandoned on the Marion-Casselton branch of the Northern Pacific R.R., where a post office was estab­ lished in 1887 with J. Madison, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 12, 1900 and mail sent to Alice a few miles SW., reestablished in 1893 with Edward Pfettscher, postmaster and then again discontinued. Named for Charles A. Peterson, an 1882 settler of Howes Twp. (80) PINKHAM: A Great Northern siding constructed in 1912 on SE14 Sec. 19-140-49, four miles northwest of Fargo on the Surrey cut-off. Named REED for its township; which was named for A. L. Reed, an early settler there in 1871; renamed PINKHAM on Oct. 1, 1930 for Naham B. Pinkham, state legislator in 1889, and had homesteaded the station site. The station was removed in 1964.

PROSPER: A Great Northern station built in 1912 on NV2 Sec. 8-140-50. Townsite was platted in August 1911 by the Luverne Co.; and named by the early settlers for the prosperous farming region they owned. A post office was established Feb. 13, 1926 with Henry L. Hanson, postmaster. (76; 80) REED: See PINKHAM. RICEVILLE: See WILD RICE. RIPON: A Great Northern station built in 1881 on the SW^/j., Sec. 4-140-53, at a junction of the Devils Lake and Portland branches. A small townsite was platted here by Alfred L. Stephens and Edgar L. Sears (partners in a Fargo livery stable) in October, 1881. The origin of its name has two versions. (1) Named for the city and borough Ripon in West Riding, Yorkshire, England; (2) Named for Ripon, Wise. Both were former homes of settlers here. The post office was established March 8,1882 with John A. Smith, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 15, 1895 and mail sent to Absaraka, one and one-half miles north­ west. Because Ripon site was poorly drained most residents have moved to Absaraka. The station was abandoned in Sept. 1918. (10, p. 871; 22; 80) RITA: See CHAFFEE: ROSEDALE: See ARTHUR- \ SAUNDERS: A Milwaukee R.R. station built in the fall of 1883 on the NWl/i, Sec. 1-138-49; named for A. H. and O. A. Saunders, who owned the land on which the station was built. A post office was 70 established here Nov. 16, 1900 with John G. Steen, postmaster; dis­ continued Sept. 11, 1905 and mail sent to Wild Rice. The station was removed in Dec. 1940. SAXONY: The first station northwest of Casselton on the Great Northern line from Casselton to Devils Lake. Built in 1897 on the EJ/2 Sec. 29-140-52; removed in Dec. 1940. Origin of name not known. SCHAIBLE: See WARREN. SCOW: A rural post office established Oct. 6, 1879 in the home of the postmaster Ole G. Haugen on the NW%, Sec. 28 of Gilby Twp.; discontinued Sept. 14, 1880. Named for Martin Scow, an 1870 pioneer who homesteaded in the southern part of the county, three miles south of Elm River. He was one of the first settlers in Cass County. (38, vol. l,no. 7, p. 10; 80) SECOND SIDING: See WHEATLAND. SHEYENNE STOCKYARDS: See WEST FARGO. SIDNEY: See GLACIS. SOUTHWEST FARGO: See WEST FARGO. SWAN CREEK: See CASSELTON. TENT CITY: See FARGO. THE CROSSING: See FARGO. THIRD SIDING: See BUFFALO- TOWER CITY: Named for Charlemagne Tower, a lawyer of Phila­ delphia, Pa., who had acquired an interest in the Minn. Iron Co. and the Duluth & Iron R.R. and had the town of Tower, Minn, named for him; became a director of the Northern Pacific R.R., and when the failure of the road occurred in J. 873 converted his holdings of its bonds into lands of the company; thus acquiring several hundred thousand acres of Dakota land. He sold the townsite of Tower City, in Dakota to George H. Ellsbury, who laid out the townsite where the first settlement was made in 1879. The Northern Pacific station was built that year and Tower City was platted in 1880 and incorporated in 1881. The post office was established May 5, 1879 with Edgar Chapman, postmaster. (11, p. 188; 38, vol. 1, no. 7, p. 42; 43, p. 536; 73; 80)

TRYSIL: A post office established in the home of the postmaster, Ole Strandwold, Sept. 2, 1873, who named it for his birthplace , Osterdalen, Norway. He moved from Douglas County, Iowa in May, 1870, and settled some few miles north of Fargo on the Red River. He was a newspaper writer and in the '70's promoted the emigration 71 of a group of Norwegians from Iowa to this area known as "Osterdahl Settlement." The post office was discontinued Nov. 21, 1899. (30, p. 31; 80) VANCE: Two miles north of Amenia, this Great Northern junction station was built in 1912 on the NW14 Sec. 13-141-52 at the crossing of the Casselton-Larimore branch and the Fargo-Surrey cut-off. It was named for George H. Vance family living nearby on SWVi Sec. 12-141-52. One son, Wallace, had charge of the signal tower here and another son, Ralph, was railroad mail clerk. (2/28/61, Robert B. Reed, pioneer of Amenia) WADESON: A settlement on the John Wadeson farm in Clifton Twp., which became the west half of the village of ALICE. (9/2/58, Roy J. Johnson, Fargo, N. D.) WALDEN: A Great Northern loading station built in 1912 on the SE14 Sec. 30-143-55 which still serves two elevators. Origin of name not known. WARREN: A Northern Pacific R.R. siding constructed in 1881 on the NWl/i Sec. 33-138-50, named LEECHES for Addison Leech, Sr., who had a bonanza farm north of the station. The name was changed to WARREN, April 10, 1887, named by Theo. Warnecke, a local home­ steader from Warren, Minn. It was again renamed on May 31, 1908, this time to SCHAIBLE, which was the maiden name of the wife of George Hall, who was then chief clerk to Dakota Division Supt. J. E. Carver. It seems the name was hard for everybody to pronounce, so at the request of the train crew it was again renamed WARREN on July 25, 1915. The post office was discontinued Oct. 31, 1918 and mail sent to Davenport. An elevator, a store and several houses are still there. (73; 80) WATSON: An early settlement at Maple Creek crossing in Sec. 2-137-53; named for John H. Watson, owner of a large farm there when the post office was established Jan. 21, 1879. Later he was city attorney of Fargo and in 1892 an associate with W. F. Ball, mayor of Fargo in the firm of Ball & Watson, which represented interests of the Northern Pacific R.R. and was its counsel. The Watson post office was discontinued Aug. 15, 1900 and mail sent to Leonard. (38, vol. 1, no. 4, p. 35; 80) WEST FARGO: The Northern Pacific built a siding spur, stockyards and water station at the west edge of Fargo and named the place SHEYENNE STOCKYARDS for the Sheyenne River nearby. A post office was established here June 18, 1874 with Arthur Deacon, post­ master; discontinued May 14, 1875 and mail sent to Fargo. By 1882 there were many complaints of the foul odors and unsanitary con- 72 ditions, so all the construction was moved to the east bank of the Sheyenne River, five miles west of Fargo and renamed HAGGERT, on April 6, 1884 for John E. Haggert, whose homestead was just north of the station. He settled here in 1871 and for a time was postmaster in his own home; became the first sheriff of Cass County, a Fargo businessman and U. S. Marshal. The station was renamed WEST FARGO on Nov. 15,1925; about this time a company town grew around the newly established Armour meat packing plant on the SWVi Sec. 5-139-49. Another village known as SOUTHWEST FARGO, just south of West Fargo became established on the SW% Sec. 8-139-49. Both villages are suburbs of Fargo now and incorporated in 1931 and 1937 respectively. Highway No. 10 is the dividing line between the two municipalities. (7, p. 278; 34, p. 470; 38, vol. 2, no. 4, p. 15; 73; 80) WHEATLAND: A Northern Pacific station was built in 1872 on the SEi/j, Sec. 27-140-53 and named SECOND SIDING. . Wm. T. Turner opened up a general merchandise store in which a post office was established May 6, 1878 with Wm. D. Murry, postmaster. The town- site was platted in November, 1878, by Hannah K. Brown. The name was changed to WHEATLAND July 22, 1879 to commemorate the large fields of wheat on the bonanza farms that surrounded the village. (11, p. 188; 38, vol. 1, no. 7, p. 46; 73; 80) WILD RICE: This cross-roads settlement ten miles south of Fargo in the center of a French-Canadian farming community was first known as RICEVILLE. The post office was established here Nov. 17, 1881 with August Duvert, postmaster. The Milwaukee built a station in the fall of 1883 on the SY> Sec. 24-138-49. The townsite was platted in Jan., 1884, by Richard S. Tyler and on Feb. 7, 1884, the name was changed to WILD RICE and the post office established with George D. Brown, postmaster, who operated the store in which the post office was housed. He was the original owner of the town- site. The village was named for the Wild Rice River which flows by it. The river was so named because there was a heavy growth of wild rice along its banks. Early French travelers called the stream Folles Avoine (Wild Oats River). There is little left of this village but an elevator and a few buildings. (20, p. 191; 38, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 18; 80) WILLIAMS: See ADDISON.

WOODS: A Northern Pacific loading station built in 1882 and named for Isaac Woods, who built a large grain storage terminal and induced the Northern Pacific to build a stub track to it. A post office was established here March 9, 1888 with Sam Rustad, postmaster. It has long since been discontinued. (10, p. 794; 76; 80) 73 ZION: A rural post office established June 9, 1890 in the home of William Henschal in Sec. 8, of Maple Twp. He was a member of the Evangelical Association and named it Zion, their name for the city of chosen people. The post office was discontinued Sept. 11, 1895 and mail sent to Chaffee. (80)

CAVALIER COUNTY ALMA: A post office established Nov. 12, 1883 in the farm house of the postmaster John McBride on NWVi Sec. 5 East Alma Twp.; dis­ continued Feb. 7, 1896 and mail sent to Osnabrock. Named for its township which was settled by homesteaders from Alma, Ontario, Canada. (38, vol. 1, no. 12, p. 19; 80) ALSEN: Originally named STORLIE when it was established April 6, 1899 on Sec. 26, Storlie Twp. with -Martin Mortenson, postmaster. The township was named for Halvor Storlie, county clerk of court and later postmaster. There were several Storlie families in this Nor­ wegian settlement. Officials of the Tri-State Land Co. platted a townsite on Sec. 6, Storlie Twp., and named it Alsen after Alsen Island, Denmark, former home of several early settlers in this area. The post office was moved to the village and renamed Alsen, Aug. 31, 1905. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 76; 80) AMBRO: An inland post office near Lake Rush established Nov. 27, 1893 with George Riedhammer, postmaster; discontinued July 27, 1901. This was in a Bohemian settlement, but the origin of the name is not known. (76;80) AUSTIN: A rural post office on Sec. 29, Byron Twp. was established Sept. 19, 1895 with William Hay, postmaster; discontinued April 30, 1903. Named for Rev. James Austin, local Presbyterian minister in this Scotch-Irish settlement from Canada. (76;80)

BAC: A rural post office established Aug. 24, 1891 on NW'/)( Sec. 4 Mount Carmel Twp. with Wilson McCann, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 6,1903 and mail sent to Maida. Origin of name not known. (80) BANNER: A post office named for its township was established on the NEi/j. Sec. 33, Oct. 26, 1899, with Elias W. Scott, postmaster. The early settlers prospered very materially for a number of years, due lo good crops — looked upon the area as a banner township of the county and so named it. E. I. Birch operated a store in which the post office was located, but both the store and post office were dis­ continued when the Great Northern Rwy. reached Starkweather May 25, 1903. (37; 76; 80) 74 BEAULIEU: Named by Charles McLeod, a Scot from Ontario, Cana­ da, a real estate dealer, who had holdings in this area; the name was suggested by the great profusion of roses and lilies in bloom at the time the post office was established on Sec. 27, N. Olga Twp. on July 11, 1882 with James Copeland, postmaster; discontinued July 31, 1931. The name is a French word meaning, "beautiful view." (36; 76; 80) BRICKMINE: There is little trace left of this ghost town that was established on the NW'/t Sec. 34, Olga Twp. where about 80 people lived and operated a brick yard from 1905-1912. It was founded, promoted and named by Charles Major. The project failed because the location was inaccessible, the clay did not make good hard bricks and for lack of funds. (76) BYRON: A rural post office established June 5, 1888, with Daniel Shaw, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 9, 1904 and mail sent to Wood- ridge. It was named for its township and was located on Sec. 5; the township was named for Byron St. Clair Kelly, an early stage driver, who kept a stage station in the 1870's known as Kelly's Point, now the present site of Acton in Walsh County. (76; 80) CALIO: The first post office, two miles southeast of its present site in Calio Twp. was called ETNA; origin of the name is not known. It was established Sept. 13, 1902 with Mark J. O'Brien, postmaster. When the Calio townsite was platted on Sec. 32, Trier Twp., the post office was moved to it and renamed on Sept. 8, 1905, with William T. Townsend, postmaster. Calio is said to have named a Soo Line sleep­ ing car before it named this village. The name means "repeated calls." (19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 136; 76; 80) CALVIN: This post office was established Oct. 23, 1899, six miles southeast of its present site on the homestead of Rev. David J. Sykes, who named it for John Calvin, founder of the Presbyterian Church. J. C. Eisenhour was the first postmaster; the office was rescinded Oct. 5, 1900 and reestablished on Sec. 16, Glenila Twp., its present site on May 23, 1902 with Rev. Sykes, postmaster. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 76; 80) CLYDE: J. Peter Larsen, the first postmaster Nov. 20, 1905, named this settlement in Sec. 14, Bruce Twp. for the Clyde River in Scotland, because it pleased many of the early settlers who were Scots. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) CYPRESS: This short lived post office was named for its township, which was named for Cypress Creek that flows through it. It was given this descriptive name for the specie of evergreen trees growing along its banks. The post office was established Nov. 20, 1896 with James Kyle, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 9, 1897 and mail sent to Hannah. (76; 80) 75 DANIELS: A rural post office established on NW% Sec. 4, Grey Twp. July 28, 1890 with Orville R. Daniels, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 1, 1910 and mail sent to Cavalier. (80) DRESDEN: Named for its township which the early settlers named for their former home in Germany. The post office was established at this Great Northern Rwy. station Oct. 21, 1897 with Harvey J. Mathisen, postmaster. (76; 80) EASBY: Named for its township which was named by settlers from Easby, Ontario in 1881. The post office was established on Sec. 4, June 17, 1884 with Charles Wrightson, postmaster. (76; 80) ELGIN: A rural post office named for Elgin, Minn., established July 10, 1883 with Henry Watson, postmaster; discontinued May 18, 1888 and mail sent to Milton. (80) ELKWOOD: There was heavy timber along the Pembina River in Sec. 3, West Hope Twp., where this rural post office was established March 12, 1883 with Ole M. Lillesaeter, postmaster. Seven elk had been shot near the post office site and the word "wood" added to "elk" made up the name given the post office. It was discontinued Aug. 30, 1930 and mail sent to Homen. Elkwood had become a sizable village with store, blacksmith shop, school, residences; and custom office which was moved to Mowbry, and later to Maida. (76; 80) ELLERTON: An inland post office established June 27, 1888 with William H. Conn, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 6, 1894 and mail sent to Hannah. Origin of name not known. (80) ELMPOINT: A descriptive name given this rural post office estab­ lished on a wooded point along the Park River May 5, 1899 with Henry Porter, postmaster; discontinued June 8, 1900 and mail sent to Milton. (80) EMPIRE: A small village on Sec. 8, Trier Twp., destined to become a ghost town. The post office was established here March 13, 1903 with William Elenbaum, postmaster; discontinued March 12, 1905 and mail sent to Munich, a Great Northern Rwy. station. There is no local significance to the name. The village afforded a store, black­ smith shop and also a printing office. (76; 80) ETNA: See CALIO. GERTRUDE: A rural post office established in the home of the post­ master, John J. Strate on Aug. 25, 1883; discontinued March 27, 1895 and mail sent to Milton. The post office was located on Sec. 31, Os- ford Twp. but the origin of its name is not known. (76; 80) 76 GLENILA: A post office named for its township was established in the farm home of Richard H. O'Naale, postmaster, Nov. 8, 1902; re­ scinded Jan. 8,1903. Origin of the township name is not known. (80) GRACE: A post office established June 19, 1902 in the farm home of the postmaster, Mary M. Watson; discontinued April 4, 1903. It was never in operation. The origin of the name is not known, nor its location. (80) HANNAH: A port of entry three miles south of the Canadian line on Sec. 4 Linden Twp., where a post office was established Nov. 24, 1884 with Alpheus Adams, postmaster. Named for John Hannah, an early settler, who observed 12 years as postmaster — being assigned Sept. 20, 1890. The townsite was platted in 1896 and the following year on Sept. 13, the Great Northern R.R. extension from Langdon reached Hannah. W. P. Shepard, editor and proprietor, established a newspaper office in the granary on Henry McLean's farm, just west of the present site of Hannah, Sept. 4, 1895, which was the first busi­ ness venture here. It is also believed that the village was named for Francois Hannah, original townsite owner. (38, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 107; 80) HOMEN: A rural post office on Sec. 7, Hope Twp., established Jan. 28, 1895 named for the first postmaster, Halvor Homen, who later changed his last name to Torgeson. The post office has long since been discontinued. (10, p. 751; 80) IRENE: See LOMA. KLEIN: An inland post office on Sec. 30, Henderson Twp., named for Gottfried Klein, one of first settlers of the township, was estab­ lished July 26, 1898; discontinued Dec. 12, 1904 and mail sent to Munich. (76; 80) LANGDON: Designated the county seat July 6, 1884 but at that time the place was originally named McHUGH, for Patrick H. McHugh, who helped organize the county; was one of the first county com­ missioners, a territorial legislator and a member of the constitutional convention. In 1887, he secured free right-of-way for the Great Northern R.R. extension from Park River to Langdon and for this the company gave him the disposition of the townsites of Edenburg, Milton, Osnabrock and Langdon. The McHugh post office was established Jan. 29, 1885 with Charles B. Nelson, postmaster. On June 25, 1886 the name of the post office and townsite were renamed Langdon, for R. B. Langdon, Minneapolis, the surveyor and contractor of this local branch of the G. N. Rwy. In appreciation, he presented the village with a bell for the school soon to be erected. The railroad reached 77 Langdon, the terminus of the line Oct. 24, 1887. The village incorpo­ rated in the spring of 1888. (1, p. 760; 7 p. 235; 38, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 83; 92; 38, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 26; 76; 80) LEMON: A post office on Sec. 3, Harvey Twp., established Jan. 4, 1883 with Amelia Burritt, postmaster. There are two versions as to the origin of the name; that it was named for W. Lemon or George W. Lemon, both early settlers. Others think it was named for Julia M. Lemon, a local resident, who became postmaster Dec. 8, 1887. The post office was discontinued July 18, 1888 and mail sent to Elkwood. (76; 80) LOMA: Originally named IRENE when the post office was estab­ lished Sept. 15, 1905 with Henry F. Baker, postmaster for Irene Campbell, the step daughter of the first store-keeper. Because it conflicted with another post office name in the state, it was renamed Loma on Feb. 23, 1906 for its township. This is a Spanish word mean­ ing "broad-topped hill" which has no local significance — why it was so named is not known. (76; 80) MACK: A rural post office on Sec. 4, Glenila Twp., established May 24, 1899 with Austin E. McEwen, postmaster, discontinued Jan. 31, 1906. It was given the nick-name of the postmaster. And there were also other Macks among the Scottish settlers. (80) MAIDA: Originally named SEVEN LAKES for there were seven small bodies of water in this area. The post office was established near the Canadian border on Sec. 25-164-60, Sept. 8, 1884 with Chas. Howalt, postmaster. It was not long until the name was changed to Maida, the origin of this name is not definitely known. Early settlers give three versions — (1) Charles Howalt, first postmaster selected it from a book he once read. (2) It was suggested by two Canadian bankers, who often hunted here, one having a female dog, that greatly resembled the dog Maida that Sir Walter Scott made famous. (3) The extensive hay-meadow in the area called by early settlers "maiden", meaning open tract or esplanade — and from this Maida was derived. This place is now a port of entry. (10, p. 764; 76; 80) McIIUGH: See LANGDON. McLEAN: A post office on Sec. 23, S. Olga Twp., established Jan. 7, 1892, with Alex McLean, postmaster; discontinued in 1909. Named for Henry McLean, chairman of the first board of county commission­ ers. He came from Ontario, Canada in 1885 and settled seven miles west of the present town of Hannah, known as "McLean Corners". This was at the foot of the Pembina Mountains. (38, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 98; 106; 80) 78 MILTON: A rural post office was established here July 7, 1882 with Donald McDonald, postmaster; named by him for John Milton, famed English poet and a hunter, who traveled through the Red River Valley. It is also claimed that Joseph Powles, an early English settler named it for his former home in Ontario, Canada. Powles selected the town- site on the brows of Pembina Mountains in the fall of 1887 when the Great Northern R.R. extended to Langdon. Fred Dennett, the rail­ road surveyor, erected a hardware store, the first business building in the summer of 1887. (38, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 100-2; 76; 80) MONA: A rural post office near the Little Pembina River on Sec. 21, Loma Twp. was established Nov. 20, 1883 in the farm home of Ole Jacobson and named for Mona Jacobson. It has long since been discontinued. (76; 80) MORTON: On the SEi/i, Sec. 29, Billings Twp., a post office was established Sept. 1, 1899 with Charles K. Morton, postmaster; discon­ tinued Sept. 15, 1905 and mail sent to Irene. (76; 80) MOSCOW: A post office was established April 21, 1894 on Sec. 22, Waterloo Twp. with Matthew Michlink, postmaster; discontinued April 6, 1903 and mail sent to Langdon. Named by the settlers, who were almost exclusively Mennonites from Moscow, Russia. (76; 80) MOUNT CARMEL: Founded and named in 1887 by Father Bickland, a Catholic missionary among the Indians here, for Mount Carmel, of Palestine, where the Catholic "Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel," was founded in the 12th Century; the first mass was said on the feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. An earlier settlement predominately Catholic Germans, three miles distant, known as MOUNT MORIAH, (the name is of Biblical origin) was absorbed by Mount Carmel. A post office was established on Sec. 22, Mount Carmel Twp. April 18, 1891 with Sebastian J. Kochmstadt, postmaster. (10, p. 773; 76; 80) MOUNT MORIAH: See MOUNT CARMEL. MOWBRAY: A post office near the Canadian line on Sec. 30-164-61 established Dec. 13, 1809 with Mark J. O'Brien, postmaster; discon­ tinued in 1923. It was named by Dr. E. I. Donavan, townsite owner and promoter, for the village opposite of it in Ontario, Canada. (76; 80) MUNICH: A post office on Sec. 19, Henderson Twp. established Jan. 1, 1902 with Peter D. Walde, postmaster. It was named by William Budge for Munich, Germany, honoring the early settlers from there. Budge founded a townsite here in 1905 which he owned and promoted. Munich was organized as a village in 1910. (76; 80) NEKOMA: The early post office a mile and one-half east of the town- site on Sec. 14, Nekoma Twp., established May 31, 1898 with Charles 79 B. Billings, postmaster, was known as POLAR; named for Polar, Wise. When the railroad townsite was platted in 1905, its name was selected by the Postal Dept. from a list submitted by the first appointed post­ master, Ozro B. Aldrich, who took office March 2, 1906 and the Polar post office was discontinued. Nekoma is a Chippewa Indian word, meaning "I promise to do something or to go somewhere." (10, p. 774; 76; 80) NORACQNG: A short lived rural post office in Hope Twp. estab­ lished by 1884. It was named for L. C. Noracong, who was elected chairman of the board of commissioners July 8, 1884, which met for the purpose of the organization of Cavalier County. (Record 1, Commissioners Proceedings, Cavalier County) NUMEDAHL: A settlement with a post office established near the Canadian line on Sec. 34-164-58 in a river valley of the Pembina Mountains. It was named by the Scandinavian settlers for a district in Norway; the word means "beautiful valley between hills." The post office was established June 27, 1898 with Halvor Halvorson, post­ master; discontinued Aug. 31, 1926 and mail sent to Walhalla. (10,- p. 751; 80) OLGA: Named for its township, which was named (the early resi­ dents claim), by Miss Prairie, the first school teacher in that district, for a Norwegian princess she admired. The first post office known . as SAINT PIERRE was established by a Catholic priest, Cyrille Saint Pierre, who was assigned postmaster Sept. 18, 1882. Soon after the township was named, the post office and the village which incorpo­ rated in 1883 were renamed Olga. (76; 80) OSNABROCK: Founded in 1882 on Sec. 20, Alma Twp.; incorporated as a village in 1903. Named by the first postmaster James T. Ander­ son on Dec. 3,1883 for his former home in Ontario, Canada. (76; 80) POLAR: See NEKOMA. RIDGEFIELD: A rural post office established March 7, 1884 with Herman P. Steifvater, postmaster; discontinued March 7, 1894 and mail sent to Langdon. It was named by James Wait, a local settler for all the farm buildings at this place were located on a ridge. (76; 80) ROMFO: A post office established in a store in Sec. 26, Alma Twp., Oct. 10, 1882; named for Olaf J. Romfo, the first postmaster and proprietor of the store. It was discontinued July 12, 1895 and mail sent to Osnabrock. ROSEHILL: A Mennonite settlement where a post office was estab­ lished on Sec. 12, Henderson Twp., Jan. 1, 1900 with Henry Ewert, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 29, 1909 and mail sent to Munich. It 80 was named by Henry Newhold, a settler from Russia in remembrance of a district there. (76; 80) RUSH LAKE: See WALES- SAINT PIERRE: See OLGA. SARLES: A village post office on Sec. 18, Cypress Twp., was the third one in the state named for Gov. E. Y. Sarles when it was established Nov. 25, 1905 with William Wood, postmaster; the ones in the other two counties having been discontinued. Sarles is now a port of entry. (76; 80) SEVEN LAKES: See MAIDA. SOPER: A rural post office on Sec. 23, Osnabrock Twp., established June 11, 1888, named for its first postmaster, John D. Soper; discon­ tinued Oct. 15, 1906 and mail sent to Fairdale. (76; 80) STILWELL: Named for Mrs. Stilwell in whose home on Sec. 4, Har­ vey Twp., the post office was established Aug. 17, 1889 with Joseph B. Radford, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 15, 1920 and mail sent to Langdon. ' (76; 80) STORLIE: A post office named for its township, which was named for Halvor Storlie, Clerk of Court and later postmaster. This was a Norwegian settlement around this post office on Sec. 21, where there were several families of Storlies. The post office was established April 6, 1899 with Martin Martinson, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 31,1905 and mail sent to Alsen. (76; 80) TRIER: Early German settlers named their township for a govern­ ment district in Germany. The post office established on Sec. 32, July 1, 1899 with Dominick Shuler, postmaster was named for the township; discontinued Aug. 31,1906 and mail sent to Calio. (76; 80) UNION: Founded in 1881 on Sec. 26, Montrose Twp. The post office was established Sept. 5, 1890 with Edward H. Hrugstad, postmaster. There are two versions as to the origin of the name. (1) It was sug­ gested by Henry Felix, a Civil War veteran, to commemorate the fact the "Union" still exists. (2) The name was chosen by the Postal Dept. from a list of names submitted by the first postmaster. Some 50 towns in the U. S. have this name or it is part of the name. (10, p. 79; 76; 80) VALMONT: This was a mill town in the Pembina River Valley near the.Canadian border, Fremont Twp., 164-57. It was given a combi­ nation name of val (valley) and mont (the last syllable of Fremont). Some 30 cottages that housed the mill employees surrounded the mill which ground feed and made flour. The post office was established 81 Feb. 23, 1892 with Jens G. Bjornstad, postmaster; but was soon dis­ continued Oct. 8, 1892 — the mill closed and Valmont faded into a ghost town. (76; 80) VANG: A post office on Sec. 34, Fremont Twp., established Oct. 15, 1887 with John Dahlvang, postmaster; discontinued June 6, 1908 and mail sent to Mona. The name was derived from the surname of the postmaster. (10, p. 791; 30, p. 50; 80) VERA: A rural post office on Sec. 20, Cypress Twp., established Oct. 1, 1900 with Lois Foisie, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 1, 1905 and mail sent to Woodridge. Origin of name not known. (80) WALES: This post office was originally called RUSH LAKE when it was established nearby Rush Lake on Sec. 31, Dresden Twp. Dec. 17, 1897 with Amos Abbott, postmaster. The name was changed to Wales on April 25,1899 with Augustus H. Koehmstedt, postmaster. James J. Hill, the Great Northern Rwy. promoter, named Wales, supposedly to please the British railroad stockholders. Rush Lake is a descriptive name for the lake was bordered with rushes or hollow-stemmed reeds, some were ten feet tall. (76; 80) WEAVER: Named for Andrew J. Weaver, who helped found the town and later became postmaster. This village on Sec. 13, Banner Twp., had a post office established May 2, 1902 with Robert G. Pax- man, postmaster. (10, p. 793; 76; 80) WOODBRIDGE: A post office near the Canadian border on SWVi Sec. 36-163-64 established in a wayside tavern or house March 9, 1887 with William Haizlett, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 29, 1906 and mail sent to Sarles. It was named for William Wood, an early English settler, who made and peddled candy and other merchandise from door to door and later was postmaster at Sarles. There was a wooden bridge across the Cypress Creek, a branch of the Pembina River, near the post office, hence the combined name (Wood and bridge). (3/15/62, Mrs. R. E. Mott, early resident; 76; 80)

DICKEY COUNTY ALBERTIIA: On Aug. 5, 1896 a rural post office was established in the home of Mark Hambrook, postmaster. The name is a combination of Al and Bertha, the given names of Miss Bertha Dickie, who at that time was teaching the first term in the district school, and Allen "Al" Town, her suitor and fellow boarder at the Shimmin home; suggested by Town when the name of the post office was discussed. The post office was discontinued Sept. 14, 1905 and mail sent to Wirch. (34, p. 301; 80) 82 BALDWIN: A siding or spur of the Soo Line to an elevator built in 1916 which served the large farms owned by George Baldwin during their operation. The elevator was sold and moved to Westport, S. Dak. in 1953. This Baldwin loading station was listed on the Soo Line time tables as Keyes Spur — to distinguish it from Baldwin, Burleigh County, N. Dak. It was named by George H. Keyes, a former railroad commissioner and local representative and agent of the Baldwin interests. (Robt. H. Johnson, Fullerton, N. Dak., 12/23/58) BEAR CREEK: An early relay stage station on Bear Creek, north of the present town of Oakes established in 1879. It was listed as a polling place in 1884 as Bear Creek Station. (Robt. H. Johnson, Fullerton, N. Dak., 12/23/58) BOYNTON: Although settlement began here in 1881 it was not until the Soo Rwy. built west from Oakes in 1887 and it became a terminus that it received its name from A. Boynton of the Hackney Boynton Land Co., St. Paul, who was Commissioner of Railroads, 1887-1890. This company owned and controlled 4,000 farms in south central North Dakota at this time. The post office was established Dec. 15, 1888 with W. C. Church, postmaster; discontinued March 21, 1892 and mail sent to Monango. The Boynton depot was moved to Kilbernie in 1888. Fire and removal left Boynton a ghost town. It is now just a passing track at the old site. (10, p. 758; 15; 34; p. 277; 80) BUSHTOWN: See PORT EMMA- CENTER: See GUELPH. CENTRALIA: See GUELPH. CENTROPOLIS: See GUELPH. CLEMENT: On June 7, 1888 a post office was established with Gustavus H. Goecke, postmaster at this Soo Line station eight miles west of Oakes; named for J. C. Clement, foreman of the railroad grade crew and later became an official of the road. In 1904 the name of its township, which was Norway, was changed to Clement. The post office was discontinued June 30, 1944. COLDWATER: See GUELPH. CRESCENT HILL: See NEWTON. DeCORA: An early day settlement in Riverdale Twp. which en- deavored to establish a post office named Coraton or DeCora, but the petition met with defeat. The name was to favor a local young lady named Cora Devendorf. (Robt. H. Johnson, Fullerton, N. Dak., 12/23/58) 83 DUANE: In 1897 the Milwaukee Rwy. established a station midway between Ellendale and Monango where a store and elevator were erected and operated. Supposedly named for Duane, N. Y. DUNDAS: A small rural settlement in the eastern part of the county on the James River named for Dundas County, Ontario, Canada, the former home of Abram L. Beggs, the first settler here in 1880 and where he resided for 14 years. In 1896 he became Dickey County Register of Deeds. (1, p. 207) EATON: Named for its township which was named for Hamlin F. Eaton.The post office was established June 11, 1883 in Eaton's combi­ nation store and home on Sec. 27, Eaton Twp., now Port Emma Twp.; discontinued May 26, 1887 and mail sent to Ludden. Prof. Eaton, as he was generally known, established a Boys' Boarding School at Kents Hills, Maine in 1860 and conducted it for 22 years before migrat­ ing to Dakota Territory in 1882. He built large substantial buildings on his Dakota land and went into extensive wheat farming, but soon changed to stock raising. (1, p. 481; 11, p. 179; 34, p. 219; 80) EDDVILLE: See PEHL SPUR. ELLENDALE: This was the first permanent settlement in Dickey County; it began in Oct., 1881; platted in the spring of 1882; voted the county seat Nov. 6, 1882; incorporated as a village July, 1883; as a city in 1889. The post office was established May 22, 1882 with Wil­ liam E. Finch, postmaster. Named by the railroad townsite officials for Mary Ellen Dale Merrill, the wife of S. S. Merrill, superintendent and general manager of the C. M. & St. P. Ry., the first railroad to reach here, which made Ellendale a main distributing point for settlers' supplies. The Great.Northern Ry. reached here in 1887. (11, p. 178; 34; 76; 80; 81) EMMA: See PORT EMMA. EMPIRE CITY: See YORKTOWN. FORBES: A post office was established Dec. 11, 1905 with George H. Ladd, postmaster. Named for S. F. Forbes, who operated a general store here and later became an official of the Great Northern Ry. The village organized in 1911. (3; 10, p. 743; 34, p. 292; 76; 80) FULLERTON: Named for P. C. Fuller, father-in-law of the townsite owner, E. F. Sweet, Dansville, N. Y. lawyer, who settled here in 1882 and acquired large tracts of land in this area; later he became a member of Congress from Michigan and Assistant Secretary of Com­ merce under President Wilson. The Soo Line accepted his offer of a free right-of-way through the townsite, if they would locate it on his land on Sec. 15, Maple Twp. Fullerton was platted here and the 84 railroad completed through it in Sept., 1887. Sweet donated town lots for several business places, a Union Church, a cemetery and a baseball park. George F. Bartlett and family occupied the first store building and operated a general line of merchandise. The post office was established in it Aug. 8, 1888 with Benjamin Porter, postmaster. The first rural mail delivery in the county was established here Dec. 1, 1902. The village was organized in 1908. (34, pp. 210-13; 76; 80) GLOVER: 'On Dec. 19, 1883 a post office was established known as ULNESS in Elling O. Ulness' store in James River Valley Twp., Sec. 24 and he was appointed postmaster. It was moved up to the railroad townsite on Sec. 18, Jan. 20, 1887 and renamed Glover for Samuel Glover, a bonanza farmer from Delaware, Ohio, who had traded N. P. Ry. stock for 30,000 acres of railroad land at par in LaMoure and Dickey Counties. The railroad fulfilled their contract with him and built through to Oakes and established and platted the station of Glover. The post office was discontinued Feb. 27, 1943. (33, p. 47; 34, pp. 163-5; 80) GUELPH:. The Hudson Twp. homesteaders who came from Menasha, Wise, in the spring of 1883, headed by M. H. Puffer, first named their settlement here MENASHA CENTER, then CENTER - CENTROPO- LIS - CENTRALIA - COLDWATER and then THATCHERVILLE for the three Thatcher members of the original colony. The Thatcher- ville post office was established March 19, 1887 with Harry Holderness, postmaster; discontinued April 21, 1889. After the Great Northern Ry. came through, Mr. Puffer platted a 40-acre townsite and named it Centralia. The Postal Department refused to accept this; it was suggested that the townsite be named Guelph for Guelph, Ontario, Canada, the birthplace of James J. Hill, the builder of the Great Northern Ry. The Guelph post office was established March 8, 1889 with Silas R. Dales, postmaster. It is also recorded that the townsite was named for Manfried Von Guelph, son of Duke Karl Otto, head of the princely Guelph family of historic Hanover, who was rejected by his family and immigrated to America and soon after came to this section of Dakota Territory where he opened up and operated a hard­ ware store for several years. (6, p. 16; 34, p. 240; 80) HILLSDALE: See NEWTON. HUDSON: Platted in May, 1883, by the Dakota Midland Ry. The settlers in this area were mostly from the eastern states, New York predominating — hence the familiar name Hudson from that state was given the new townsite and also the township. The post office was established June 11, 1883 with Thomas J. Millhan, postmaster. The proposed Midland R.R. never materialized and Hudson was abandoned 85 when the North Western Ry. reached the newly established town of Oakes, three miles farther north on the east side of the James River. The post office was discontinued Aug. 18, 1886. (11, p. 178; 34, p. 249; 80) JANET: A loading station platform on the Northern Pacific Ry. siding four miles northeast of Oakes. On Perry's early map of Dickey County it is listed as JEANETTE. Origin of name not known. (Robt. H. Johnson, Fullerton, N. Dak., 12/23/58) KEYES SPUR: See BALDWIN- KEYSTONE CITY: Named for its township which was named by an organized colony of homesteaders from "The Keystone State," Penn­ sylvania, headed by J. F. Hagerty and William Floyd. Most of the colony were young women who turned Northern Pacific Ry. stock into land and disposed of it during boom days. The townsite was selected March 28, 1882 by C. C. Fletcher and F. H. Hagerty near the forks of the Maple River on Sec. 10-131-63. The post office established April 6, 1882 with John Oldfield, postmaster. In 1886 when the Mil­ waukee Ry. built its extension from Ellendale to Edgeley, it by-passed Keystone City two miles west — and there the town of Monango was founded. Keystone City declined soon after; its post office discon­ tinued Sept. 18, 1886 and many residents with their buildings moved to Monango. (11, p. 178; 33, p. 54; 38, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 13; 80') KILBERNIE: A Milwaukee Ry. station established in 1880, two miles southwest of Monango when the Soo Line terminus was at Boynton. A Scottish name was given it by J. C. Hamilton, depot agent at Boyn­ ton, he being a Scotsman. When the railroad was extended seven miles northwest on to Merricourt in 1891 and it became the more important shipping point, the Kilbernie depot was transported there. About 1893, Mr. Hamilton, the Kilbernie station agent, had charge of Merricourt and Boynton also. (10, p. 758; 15; 34, p. 277) LORRAINE: A post office was established April 9, 1884 with Alex D. Walker, postmaster, in his farm home in Elm Twp.; discontinued in 1897 and soon reestablished with Theo Gray, postmaster and mail brought from stage from Ellendale; April 4,1904 discontinued. County Commissioners in session May 24, 1909 designated Lorraine as a named for this earlier named post office. Origin of the name not known. (80) LUDDEN: A post office established July 2, 1883 with Ogden Lovell, postmaster. The townsite was surveyed in July, 1883, on Frank E. Randall's land, Sees. 1 and 12-129-60, and named by him for Mr. and Mrs. John D. Ludden of St. Paul, who cared for him as a child. This 86 townsite is now known as Old Ludden for the town was moved to its present railroad site in 1886; incorporated as a village in 1908. (7, p. 307; 34, p. 257; 80) MAHONAY SPUR: See NORWAY. MENASHA CENTER: See GUELPH. MERRICOURT: The Mann family homesteaded in Sec. 22 of Young Twp. and soon a post office was established in their home on Oct. 18, 1883 with Bertha V. Mann, postmaster; she selected its name from a novel she had once read. Mail for a time was supplied by stage from Keystone. When the Soo Line reached here in 1891, a townsite had been platted by the Webb brothers, Walter A. and Richard, settlers in Sec. 30. and 36 of this same township to which the post office was moved but retained its name. Merricourt was organized as a village in 1910. (15; 34, pp. 60, 277; 76; 80) MILLWOOD: On March 17, 1902 a post office was established in North Porter Twp. with F. O. Alin, postmaster. Named for Wm. Mills, who in 1882 was one of the first settlers in eastern Dickey Coun­ ty. He once owned the one-half section of land on which the town- site of Oakes was platted. (6, p. 430; 80) MONANGO: Origin of the name is obscure. By one account it was the name of an Indian child found on the White Stone Battlefield in 1863 by the soldiers with a hand shot off; the child was found strapped to a travois attached to a dog. The child was taken to Iowa by several soldiers. Another account — an Indian chief by that name is buried near here — it is also supposed to be named for a Milwaukee Ry. offi­ cial and that the Soo Line officials named the townsite by selecting the first letter of each name on the list of names submitted to them for consideration which made a composite word "Monango". Beriah Mag­ offin and son Eb. came from Kentucky to this area in 1884 and secured contracts for carrying the mail over several routes in Dakota Territory. They were the first to locate on the present site of Monango. An auc­ tion sale of townsite lots was held in Sept. 1886 and they were the first to erect a building here and operated the post office established Sept. 18, 1886. The neighboring town of Keystone had been by-passed by the Milwaukee Ry. and any property owner in Keystone, who had a building on his lot was given a lot in the new townsite of Monango. When the railroad came buildings were moved all winter from Key­ stone to Monango. (34, p. 195-6; 38, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 13; 80; Robt. H. Johnson, Fullerton, N. Dak. 12/23/58) 87 NEWTON: A rural post office known as HILLSDALE was located at or near this site prior to the Great Northern Rwy. station established here and named CRESCENT HILL. The name Hillsdale was tacked up on a siding platform about five miles west. The name Crescent Hill, evidently did not seem appropriate for there were no hills in this area and the name was changed to RIVERDALE, the name of its town­ ship which bordered the James River. Some time later acquired the name NEWTON; named for Newton Whitman, an 1871 pioneer, who in 1873 raised the first wheat in the Fargo area. The 30 acres planted yielded 14 bushels to the acre. When the North Western Ry. in 1915 established a station stop at the crossing of the Great Northern Ry., a few rods west of Newton the box-car depot was named Riverdale and a union flag stop has been maintained there since that time. (19, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 133; 34, p. 264; Robt. H. Johnson, Fullerton, N. D. 12/23/58) NICKOLS CROSSING: See NORWAY. NORWAY: A Soo Line loading station at a grain elevator on a siding or spur three miles west of Oakes; named for its township which was named by settlers from Norway. Also known as NORWAY SPUR, MA- HONAY SPUR and NICKOLS CROSSING, the later being named for H. S. Nickols, who farmed on a large scale north of the stations. The name of the township was changed in 1904 to Clement. (Robt. H. Fullerton, N. D. 12/23/58) NORWAY SPUR: See NORWAY.

OAKES: This station at the junction of the N. P. Ry. with the North Western was named on Sept. 17, 1886 by the Northern Pacific Ry. of­ ficials for Thomas F. Oakes, general manager and president of the road and long time business associate of Henry Villard. The post office was established Dec. 6, 1886 with Floyd Hindman, postmaster. Oakes in­ corporated as a city in 1888. The names given the streets extending east and west with the exception of Union are named for trees. (20, p. 307; 34, pp. 48, 98; 73; 80) PEHL SPUR: A Great Northern Ry. siding and grain elevator load­ ing station southwest of Ellendale — listed on some Dickey County maps as EDDVILLE; both names are for Edward Pehl, who had large land holdings and farmed extensively south of the site. (Robt. H. Johnson, Fullerton, N. D. 12/23/58) PIERSON: A post office established on Sec. 18, Albion Twp. Jan. 29, 1898 in the home of James R. Pierson, who homesteaded here in the spring of 1883; his wife, Angelina Pierson, was the appointed post- 88 master. The post office was discontinued Sept. 24, 1902 then reestab­ lished Nov. 15,1902 and finally discontinued May 14,1904 and mail sent to Monango. ( 1, p. 566; 80) PORT EMMA: First known as BUSHTOWN for T. W. Bush, home­ steader, who emigrated from near Ottawa, Canada and established a post office in June 1883 on his land six miles north of the state line on Sec. 2-129-60 by the James River, the longest unnavigable river in the world. Mail was brought by carrier from Ellendale. He had some thought of renaming it Ottawa — the early commissioner proceedings recorded an application made by Bush for a ferry franchise at Ottawa. In 1884 Bush platted a townsite on a corner of his homestead and named it EMMA for Emma Williams, first woman homesteader in this area and on March 3, 1884 became his wife. This point on the river was a port of call for steamboats that plied from here to Colum­ bia, S. D. and the place name was changed to Port Emma. Bush had built a hotel here known as Ottawa House and their marriage cere­ mony held in it was the first in Port Emma. Before the railroad came into this area, Port Emma was a place of brisk trade and a resort for river excursionists. In the fall of 1886 the North Western Ry. built into Ludden and left Port Emma an inland town; the post office was discontinued and most of the buildings and people moved to Ludden. The Great Northern Ry. put in a station stop in the southeast part of Hudson Twp. and it was called Port Emma. Old Port Emma and Eaton sites were turned back into farmlands. (10, p. 779; 11, p. 279; 34, pp. 52, 238, 242; Robt. H. Johnson, Fullerton, N. D. 12/23/58) POTSDAM: See POTTS. POTTS: This siding constructed in 1886 by the Milwaukee Ry. was first named POTSDAM for its township which had been named by its German settlers. During World War I, there was objection to the name and the railroad officials changed the name to Potts. An ele­ vator was built here and maintained. (34, p. 286) RIVERDALE: See NEW-TON­ SIL VERLEAF: A G. N. Ry. station established in 1887, according to old timers owes its name to the salt humor of Dan Keenan, an early settler. While he was visiting at a neighbor's home, the trade name "Silverleaf" on an empty lard pail caught his eye. He promptly cut the name from the tin pail and nailed it to the side of the box-car de­ pot. Silverleaf afforded a trading point for the new Baldwin Land Corp. ranches. A post office was established here Dec. 28, 1889 with Thomas E. Miles, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 31, 1938. (34, p. 234; 76; 80) 89 SPRING HILL: A colony headed by W. H. and J. L. Findley selected a location the summer of 1883 at which to settle; it was at the foot of the hills, 18 miles west of Ellendale where spring water bubbled forth, which suggested to them the descriptive name of Spring Hill. The colony developed large stock interests among these hills, where good water and natural protection were found. A village never developed. (11, p. 179; 34, p. 306) THATCHERVILLE: See GUELPH. TICEVILLE: A rural post office established Oct. 18, 1883 in Sec. 27, Eaton Twp. named for Henry A. Tice, Columbia, S. D. It was moved in 1886 to the home of Erwin E. Towne in Sec. 11, Spring Valley Twp.; Edward F. McKay was the appointed postmaster; discontinued Jan. 9, 1888. (1, p. 429; 34, p. 233; 80) ULNESS: See GLOVER. WESTBORO: Established Dec. 31, 1884 near the state line in Mc- Pherson County, S. D. with George J. Bolles, postmaster, who gave it this descriptive name. May 19, 1888 the post office was moved to Dickey County and established in a homestead shack of H. C. White- aker, postmaster, on SE}4 Sec. 32-129-64; discontinued Sept. 15, 1900 and mail sent to Ellendale. (80) WESTON: A post office established Oct. 18, 1883 with Allan W. Burnham, postmaster, was named for its township; discontinued April 23, 1887 and mail sent to Eaton and Ludden. The township was named for Elmer W. Weston, who with his mother came from New York in 1883 and filed on a claim southwest of Oakes, in Sec. 21-129-65; resided there until 1886, when he went into newspaper work and insurance business in Oakes. Weston Twp. was later named Kent. (1, p. 623; 34, p. 52; 80) WIRCH: A post office established June 12, 1900 on the NWV4 Sec. 15- 130-66, the homestead of John Wirch, Sr., postmaster; its first and only postmaster, who with his family and others from South Russia im­ migrated to this locality in 1899. A store was added to the post office later which supplied the area for several years; mail came by carrier from Forbes. The post office was discontinued in 1933 when the rural routes were established. (10, p. 793; 34, p. 314-15; 80) WOLFF: A rural post office established Feb. 9, 1911 in the home of John Wolff, postmaster — on the SW14 Sec. 29, Albertha Twp., but was short-lived being discontinued Jan. 15, 1913 and mail sent to Forbes. (34, p. 301; 80) WRIGHT: In 1882 Wilson M. Wright came with his family from New York and filed claim on the NE1/4, Sec. 12 in the township which was 90 later named for him. On July 31, 1884 a post office with Wright as Postmaster was established in his house which was the first building erected in the township. Some time later the post office was moved from Sec. 12 to Sec. 2 on a pre-emption with Jessie Wright, postmaster while her father was carrier of the mail from LaMoure. Later it was moved back to its original location, promoted by Peter Jergenson, then again it was moved to the Thompson home in that area and finally discontinued Feb. 15, 1901 and mail sent to Glover. (33, pp. 35-6; 34, p. 177; 80) YORKTOWN: During the summer of 1882 Rev. G. S. White, Rev. Robt. Hogaboom and William Gilbert, advance leaders of a colony of government land seekers from central New York became the first settlers between the Maple and James rivers in this county. The col­ ony arrived in April, 1883 and filed on unsurveyed land which, when the county was organized in June of that year, proved to be in town­ ship 131-61. The townsite selected was on the SW^i of Sec. 17. They named it EMPIRE CITY for their home state known as "The Empire State" (New York). The U. S. government donated the townsite and gave a lot to any one who would erect a building on it. The name Em­ pire City was rejected by the Postal Dept. for the post office and the name Yorktown was selected by the New York settlers, which was submitted and accepted. The township was also named Yorktown. Rev. G. S. White's sons, George A. and E. F., under the firm name of White Bros., opened up a store and George was appointed postmaster June 22, 1883 of the post office established in it. The Soo Line built through that area and established a station three miles or so west at Fullerton. Yorktown post office was discontinued May 15, 1905 and Empire City gradually became a ghost town. (11, p. 179; 33; p. 37; 34, p. 200; 80)

DIVIDE COUNTY ALKABO: A coined name derived from "alkali" and "gumbo" that the local residents suggested to the townsite agent because the flats in the vicinity contain these two kinds of soil. The post office was es­ tablished in this Soo R.R. platted townsite on Sec. 14, Westby Twp., Dec. 19,1913 with Nels H. Nelson, postmaster. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) AMBROSE: In 1905 the Tri-State Land Co. platted the town in Sec. 12 of Ambrose Twp. which was named for Ambrose Olson, a right-of- way agent of the Soo R.R. It was the terminus of the Flaxton branch of the Soo, 58 miles in length; incorporated as a village in 1907; as a city in 1910. Ambrose was the first village to incorporate in Divide 91 County. It also became a port of entry. The post office was estab­ lished Aug. 18, 1906 with Elstone McKoane, postmaster. Ambrose was an important supply point before the Great Northern in 1910 built their road to Plentywood. It is almost a ghost town now with only a few residences, a tavern, but no stores. (Divide County Journal 7/15/54; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BOUNTY: A Soo R.R. siding on Sec. 30, Long Creek Twp. Origin of name not known. CLINTON: An inland post office established in the home of the first postmaster, George Clinton E. Goetz and named for his oldest son, Clinton, was discontinued Oct. 31, 1911 and mail sent to Norge. The Tri-weekly mail Star Route from Ambrose served this community. (80) COLGAN: Named for the Colgan family, early settlers here. Ed­ ward L. Colgan, one of the first county commissioners and principal owner of the Colgan Grain & Stock Farm, established the first general merchandise store, known as the Colgan Merc. Co., in Sec. 14, Goose­ neck Twp. The post office was established in this store Nov. 9, 1905 with Mae Colgan, postmaster. The town-developed a short distance from it at the railroad station and the post office was moved there. (Divide County Journal 7/15/54; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) CROSBY: In 1903, S. A. Crosby, a partner in the firm of Haffie & Crosby at Portal, selected the original Crosby townsite in SE*4 of SWVi Sec. 30-163-97, now known as Old Crosby, which is a mile west of present site, drove a stake there and posted notice that 40 acres was "scripped" for townsite purposes. He made good his promises to pros­ pective homesteaders and promoted the area, established a general merchandise store and a post office therein of which Samuel S. Nelson was appointed postmaster June 25, 1904. The town soon had a bank and a newspaper and the town flourished until 1906 when the Soo R.R. constructed its line one mile east and established the townsite of IM­ PERIAL on NW1/4 Sec. 27 of Civil Twp. The following year the G.N. R.R. reached this area and by-passed Crosby by a mile or so and platted a townsite on SEi/j, Sec. 29 Fillmore Twp. Moving began, some resi­ dents to Imperial on the Soo, but a greater number moved to the Great Northern townsite and perpetuated the name Crosby. The IMPER­ IAL post office that had been established Feb. 14, 1907 with Anna La- Flame, postmaster, was discontinued Nov. 15, 1907 and the town soon was abandoned after its Soo Line depot was moved to the new Crosby \ townsite on the Great Northern. Crosby was then replatted in 1908 and renamed Crosby Revised to accommodate itself to the junction of the Soo and Great Northern branch lines. Except in legal docu- 92 ments, the second word in the newer name is seldom used. It incor­ porated as a city June 8, 1911. (Divide County Journal 7/15/54; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) DANEVILLE: See WESTBY. ELLA. A post office named Ella was established Nov. 2, 1907 with Syver Peterson, postmaster on the Ella Farm in Burg Twp., owned and operated by Nels Z. and John A. Anderson. The post office was discontinued March 31, 1914 and mail sent to Plumer. Ella was the name of the postmaster's wife. (80) FERTILE: Named for its township Fertile Valley which is thought to be a descriptive name of its soil; others think it was named by local homesteaders from Fertile, Minn. The post office was established in Sec. 5, Sept. 20, 1907 with Jens Sorenson, postmaster; discontinued March 31, 1925 and mail sent to Grenora, in Williams County. (20, p. 219; 80) FORTUNA: This village originated a mile inland from its present site in a Scandinavian settlement and was named NORGE, Norwegian spelling for Norway; the e is sounded for NOR-GEH. Irvin R. Smith owned and operated a general merchandise store there in which a post office was established Nov. 15, 1907 with Smith as postmaster. In 1913 the Soo Line R.R. was extended from Ambrose, N. Dak. to Whitetail, Mont., and reached this area, the Norge post office was put on wheels and moved by night to the railroad townsite in Sec. 27, DeWitt Twp. The new town was named Fortuna, meaning "good fortune" by Rosie Jeglum, a pioneer, who anticipated the prosperity the railroad would bring it. The Fortuna post office was established Oct. 11, 1913 with Clarence C. Gilby, postmaster. Fortuna is also a port of entry. (Divide County Journal 7/15/54; 20, p. 113; 76; 80) GARFIELD: A rural post office established Aug. 29, 1905 with Hattie Zimmerman, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 31, 1908 and mail sent to Kermit. Origin of name not known. (80) IMPERIAL: See CROSBY. KERMIT: Platted in Sec. 30 Mentor Twp. in the summer of 1906. Named by Ambrose Olson, Soo Line official, for former President Theodore Roosevelt's son, Kermit, who was killed in France during World War I, while in the U. S. aviation service. There are those who doubt this for this was 12 years before Kermit's death. The post office was established Dec. 28, 1906 with Ole O. Christen- son, postmaster. Kermit incorporated as a village in 1907. Soon after this the G.N.R.R. promoted the move to Noonan; this and disastrous fires caused Kermit eventually to become a ghost town. (Divide County Journal 7/15/54; 10, p. 758; 76; 80) 93 KNOFF: A rural post office established Dec. 27, 1904 with Peter C. Olson, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 2, 1907 and mail sent to Colum­ bus in Burke County. Although spelled differently, it was named for Ludwig Knoph who operated the store in which the post office was located. (3/1/65 Christine E. Lee, Fortuna, N. D.; 80) LEE: A rural post office established Oct. 2, 1911 with Peter J. Han­ son, postmaster; discontinued March 31, 1914 and mail sent to Am­ brose. Supposedly named for Clarence W. Lee, proprietor of the Wil­ lows Farm in Sec. 31, Alexandria Twp., who settled in Divide County in 1906. Also claimed to be named for Hans C. Lee on SW1^ Sec. 18- 162-99 and Iver E. Lee on NW% Sec. 20-162-99. (80) McCULLOUGH: A rural post office named for Maud and F. J. Mc- Cullough, homesteaders in Sec. 29 and 32 of Frazier Twp. established Feb. 14, 1907 with Frederick J. McCullough, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 31, 1914 and mail sent to Plumer. (80) MONTROSE: An inland post office half-way between Crosby and Ray established June 23, 1906 with Anne E. Palmer, postmoster; dis­ continued July 13, 1910 and mail sent to Wildrose, Williams County. Origin of name not known. (80) NOONAN: Platted in 1906 on Sec. 4 Coal Field Twp.; incorporated as a village in 1929; named for the Patrick Noonan family of nine sons, who homesteaded in this area. It became a port-of-entry. The town was known and advertised as "The White City," for the buildings, ac­ cording to lot contracts must be painted white. The post office was es­ tablished March 22, 1907 with Henry Kotschevar, postmaster. Lignite coal was discovered on a creek bank, one mile southeast of town and it was here Truax started the first strip coal mine in the state. (Divide County Journal 7/15/54; 10, p. 775; 20, p. 234; 76; 80) NORA: A rural post office in Sec. 14, Smoky Butte Twp. established Dec. 18, 1911 with Knut L. Christopherson, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 31, 1917 and mail sent to Appam, Williams County. Supposedly named for Nora C. Jefferies, an early settler. (80) NORGE: See FORTUNA.

OGDEN: A short lived rural post office established July 10, 1905 with Fred H. Johnes, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 30, 1907 and mail sent to Crosby. Origin of name not known. (80) OLD CROSBY: See CROSBY.

OLD WESTBY: See WESTBY. 94 PADDINGTON: A rural post office established Oct. 1, 1908 with Wal­ ter G. Inman, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 23, 1916 and mail sent to Upland. Origin of the name not known. (80) PAULSON: A village built up at a G.N.R.R. siding seven or eight miles east of Crosby named for Gilbert, Steen and L. G. Paulson, local land owners. A post office was established here Nov. 23, 1916 with Eugene Morgan, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 15, 1920. (80) PLUMER: A rural post office, named for its township which is thought to be named for Gus. Plumer, a government wagon master, who knew the countryside and put up hay for the railroad camp. Also said to be named for Plumer Schell who had the first store in Plumer. Its township was named for him. The post office was established in Sec. 16, Dec. 12, 28, 1906 with Thomas R. Schell, postmaster; discontin­ ued Jan. 1, 1923 and mail sent to Crosby. (19, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 54; 80) ROLSON: A rural post office established June 4, 1907 with Dahl L. Melby, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1913 and mail sent to Sker- mo. Origin of name not known. (80) RUDE: An inland post office established July 17, 1906 in the home of the first postmaster, Holm O. Studsrud; discontinued Nov. 30, 1909. The name is descriptive, meaning (countryside), or clearing in the woods for a field or a building. Spelled RUD in Norwegian and is the last syllable of the postmaster's name and with added E for pronuncia­ tion. (80; 3/1/65 Christine E. Lee, Fortuna, N. D.) RUDSER: Named for Peter Rudser, one of the first settlers in this area, who in 1905 established a store and post office Feb. 23, 1906 on his homestead in Sec. 36, Sioux Trail Twp. The post office was dis­ continued March 15, 1917 and mail sent to Zahl in Williams County. ( 53, Sec. D. p. 2; 80) SANDLIE: A rural post office in the extreme southwestern corner of the county established June 6, 1906 with Hawkin Isaacson, an early settler, postmaster; discontinued March 31, 1913 and mail sent to Fer­ tile. One atlas map has the name spelled Sandie, but the postal de­ partment lists it as Sandlie. Named for the postmaster's Norwegian farm home. (80) SKERMO: A post office in Elkhorn Twp. and the nearby Skermo Lake were both named for the first postmaster Ole J. Skjermo, al­ though the spelling has been anglicized. The post office was estab­ lished June 29, 1908 in the postmaster's home; discontinued April 30, 1914; mail sent to Alkabo. (80) 95 STADY: A post office in Sec. 31, Alexandria Twp. established July 18, 1907 with George Hanson, postmaster. Named for Alice M. Stady, a local homesteader. (76, 80) TANSEM: A post office established Dec. 18, 1911 in the home of the postmaster, Peter Tansem on Sec. 23, Lincoln Valley Twp.; discontin­ ued Aug. 14, 1920 and mail sent to Colgan. (80) UPLAND: A rural post office established Nov. 30, 1912 with Adolph M. Engelson, postmaster; discontinued April 30, 1914 and mail sent to Wildrose. A descriptive name of its township. It is on the divide and all high land. (80) WESTBY: Now a Montana-North Dakota borderline town. Origin­ ally it was a Danish settlement named DANEVILLE, 3V£ miles south­ east of its present site now known as OLD WESTBY. Daneville built up around its post office established in 1908 with James Hansen, post­ master. The Soo R.R. was building westward and in anticipation of its reaching here, Oliver Sannerud built a store and Harold Borg start­ ed a bank and the residents decided to rename the village Westby, a descriptive name meaning (west town). It being on the western border of the state and (by) in Danish means (town). The Soo Line by-passed the newly named town when it reached this area in 1913 and Westby moved to the railroad site, just within the state line by a few feet. But the main portion of the town built up on the Montana side and is officially listed as Westby, Montana. (Divide County Journal, 7/15/54; 80) WHITEAKER: A post office established in 1903 in the farm home of the postmaster, Hiram C. Whiteaker, on Sec. 35 Troy Twp. This was the first post office in the county. Edith R. Whiteaker was appointed postmaster, Feb. 21, 1905. The office was discontinued Jan. 23, 1908 and mail sent to Plumer. (Divide County Journal 7/15/54; 80)

DUNN COUNTY ACORN: A rural post office in the extreme northwest corner of the county on the west bank of the Little Missouri River was established Nov. 4, 1914 with Ramona Bailey, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1918 and mail sent to Schafer. Named for the nut of the native oak trees which are plentiful in this area. (80) BAILEY: On Sept. 8, 1905 a post office was established in a sod dug­ out ranch home of J. W. Bailey with Jedekiah B. Smith, postmaster which was the nucleus of a settlement. Some say the post office was 96 named for Dr. S. W. Bailey. The post office was discontinued March 31, 1916 and mail sent to Dunn Center, a few miles southwest. (67, sec. 2, p. 1; 80) BROOKS: On March 31, 1908 a post office was established in the farm home of the postmaster Emma M. Brooks on the south bank of Jims Creek; discontinued Feb. 18, 1913 and mail sent to Killdeer. (80) COLLINS: An inland post office in the southeastern part of the county established July 6, 1905 with Jane Collins, postmaster; dicon- tinued Jan. 15, 1914 and mail sent to Marshall. (80) CONNOLLY: See EMERSON. DODGE: This townsite platted in the valley of Spring Creek in 1914 was named for the townsite owner, G. W. Dodge, Anoka, Minn., bank­ er. The post office was established Dec. 20, 1915 with Hans Burgess, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1917. (73; 76; 80) DUNN: A post office near the Dunn-Mercer county line established June 2, 1909 with John S. Johnson, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 15, 1914 and mail sent to Loring. Named for its county. For origin of county name see Dunn Center. (80) DUNN CENTER: The first settlement was about a mile east of the present townsite, but shortly moved to the railroad siding station in 1914. The post office was established May 7, 1914 with Gustavo B. Ny- hagen, postmaster; incorporated as a village in 1916. Named by town- site officials for its nearness to the geographic center of its county. Naming of the county is attributed to territorial legislator, E. A. Wil­ liams, for his esteemed friend, John P. Dunn, one of the earliest mayors of Bismarck. (6; 7, p. 321; 67, sec. 12, p. 3; 76; 80) EDGAR: A post office established Dec. 23, 1908 in the ranch home of the postmaster, Edgar E. Palmer, near Crooked Creek, where the mail stage stopped daily for the noon meal and changing horses. The post office was discontinued July 15, 1913 and mail sent to Fayette. (Anna Fisher, P. M., Fayette, N. Dak.; 80) ELMGROVE: A post office with a descriptive name of its location was established Feb. 10, 1908 with Una C. Fleck, postmaster; discontin­ ued March 31, 1915 and mail sent to Oakdale. (80) EMERSON: This inland village near Crooked Creek on Sec. 19-143-94 was first named CONNOLLY for William Connolly, pioneer rancher of this area, who later became one of the first Dunn County commis­ sioners. Connolly with C. L. Melby and J. W. Bailey, operators of the first store here donated the land for the townsite. The post office was established Aug. 27, 1908 with Erasmus O. Baker, postmaster. The 97 name Connolly was changed to Emerson March 30, 1909. Supposedly named for Ed Emerson, who operated a roadside inn or eating place near the townsite. When the N.P.R.R. reached Killdeer, Emerson declined. Its post office was discontinued Dec. 29, 1916. (67, sec. 2, pp. 1, 5; 80) FAYETTE: A post office established May 5, 1898 in the living room of Frank A. Little's ranch home with Isabell S. Little, postmaster. It was named for Dr. Fayette D. Kenclricks of St. Paul, Minn., a friend of the Littles, who invested in a sheep ranch in the vicinity. In the fall of 1900, Little erected a sod store structure which housed the post of­ fice until it was discontinued in 1955. At that time it was one of the very few original sod buildings in use in the state. Mrs. Little served as postmaster for 42 years, until Jan. 31, 1940; Anna Fisher thereafter. (Anna Fisher, P.M., Fayette, N. D. 1/25/55; 76; 80) GLEN LAUREL: A rural post office established Dec. 8, 1911 with Henry B. Schaffer, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 31, 1912 and mail sent to Hebron. It may be a descriptive name. (80) GORDER: A short-lived rural post office established June 18, 1908 with Martin Gorder, postmaster; rescinded Oct. 3, 1908. (80) HALLIDAY: A post office established March 19, 1900, in William Halliday's ranch home, two miles north from its present site with Na­ than C. Halliday, postmaster; moved to the N.P.R.R. townsite in 1914. (7, p. 321; 67, sec. 12, p. 3; 80) HANKS: A rural post office established Aug. 2, 1909 in the home of the postmaster, David Hanks; discontinued Oct. 15, 1912 and mail sent to Halliday. The townsite history begins with the arrival of the branch line of the Great Northern in 1916. The townsite was named for W. F. Hanks, a Powers Lake rancher and banker, who was connect­ ed with the townsite company of the railroad. (80) HARTINGER: See LIBBY BUTTE. HIRSCHVILLE: A settlement on Sec. 2-144-94 in which a post office was established Jan. 5, 1911 with Casper Hirsch, postmaster; discon­ tinued Sept. 15, 1920. (80) JUNE: A post office established June 17, 1907 in the home of the postmaster, Lewis Y. June; discontinued Feb. 29, 1908 and mail sent to Rockspring. (80) KILDEER: See KILLDEER.

KILLDEER: The historic Killdeer Mountains, famous for the Indian battle of that name in 1864 are but two lofty neighboring hills extend­ ing NE to SW more than 10 miles, that the Sioux called Tah-kah-o- 98 kuty, (the place where they kill the deer) and that in another trans­ lation became Killdeer Mountains, lent their name to this town 34 miles north of Dickinson. Originally named Kildeer when the post of­ fice was established Feb. 8, 1911 with Ida Tift, postmaster; discontin­ ued Oct. 21, 1911 and mail sent to Oakland. Before it was reestab­ lished as Killdeer, when the N.P.R.R. reached here in 1914 there was little agreement about doubling the "1" in the name. Killdeer incor­ porated as a village in 1919. (7, p. 321; 12, 7/28/54; 67, sec. 10, p. 3; 76; 80) KNIFERIVER: See KNIFE RIVER- KNIFE RIVER: A rural post office established on the north bank of the river whose name it bears. The Knife River appears to owe its name to the circumstances, that its valley was one of the more impor­ tant sources of flint used by Indians for knives, arrow points and other implements. The first post office name was spelled Kniferiver when it was established Jan. 14, 1885 with Chas. Krauth, postmaster; it was changed to Knife River July 22, 1911 with Robert Tesch, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 15, 1914 and mail sent to Emerson. (Lewis & Clark Journal; 67, sec. 10, p. 8; 80) LIBBY BUTTE: The HARTINGER post office name was changed to Libby Butte, June 24, 1909 when it was established on the ranch land of the postmaster, Elizabeth (Libby) Hewson; discontinued March 15, 1917 and mail sent to Emerson. The origin of the name Hartinger not known. (67, p. 2, 7/2/57; 80) LORING: On the south bank of Spring Creek in the southeastern part of the county, a post office was established April 13, 1909 in the ranch home of the postmaster, Charles Jacobson; discontinued Jan. 31, 1916 and mail sent to Dodge. Origin of the name not known. (80) MANNING: Named for Dan Manning, pioneer rancher and promoter of the area. Much of the organizational work of the county was done at the ranch home of W. P. Owens; it was suggested there, that the new town be named Owensville — but Owens declined and proposed it be named Manning. The post office was established March 16, 1908 with Ethel V. Owens, postmaster. Manning was designated the coun­ ty seat in 1910. (15, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 7; 31, p. 485; 67, sec. 2, p. 1; 80) MARSHALL: A post office established July 24, 1901 on the north bank of the Knife River in the southeastern part of the county in the ranch home of the postmaster John Kyseth; discontinued Feb. 18, 1908. It was named for Thomas R. Marshall, N. D. Congressman (1901-1909) who aided in securing the post office. (76: 80) 99 MELBY: A post office established Jan. 22, 1907 in the farm home of the postmaster, Carl L. Melby, which was near Spring Creek. Melby was a teacher and became the first Dunn Co. Supt. of Schools. The post office was discontinued May 7, 1914 when Dunn Center was founded on the branch railroad. (Anna Fisher, P.M., Fayette, N. D. 1/25/55; 67, sec. 12, p. 3, 80) MOHAWK: No data available, except it was named by settlers from Mohawk, N. Y. NEW HRADEC: This inland settlement 12 miles west of Dickinson was founded in 1898 by immigrants from Hradec, Czechoslovakia, who named it (Novi Hradec or New Hradec). Hradec means "castle." A post office was established here Feb. 8, 1908 with Edward Kasal, post­ master; discontinued Dec. 15, 1914 and mail sent to Dickinson in Stark County. • (12; 7/26/08; 67, Sec. 11, p. 3; 76; 80) NORTHRUP: A post office east of the Killdeer Mountains establish­ ed Feb. 10, 1909 on the homestead of the postmaster, John Northrup; discontinued Jan. 15, 1914, soon after the N.P.R-R. reached Killdeer. (Anna Fisher, P.M., Fayette, N. D. 1/25/55; 80) NUITA: A small settlement in Sec. 33-148-81, about a mile above the .mouth of the Little Missouri River, where two churches (Catholic and Congregational) and a day school were erected. The Catholic church has recently been removed several miles southeast to higher ground. Th name Nuita in Indian language means "Mandan". (19, vol. 22, no. 1 & 2, p. 43. OAKDALE: First settlers here were Mike S. Cuskelly, his wife and brother, Jim, who came in July 188.9. They opened up a store in which the post office was established April 4, 1895. Mrs. Cuskelly named it for the native oak trees near the springs on the eastern slope of Kill­ deer Mountains nearby, around which a good-sized frontier town de­ veloped. In recent years Oakdale has declined; the post office discon­ tinued Sept. 30, 1958. (7, p. 322; 12, 10/4/58; 67, sec. 11, p. 3; 76; 80) ODDENA: No data available. PAULSON: A settlement founded 20 miles north of Taylor; named for Erland Paulson, one of the earliest ranchers in- this part of the country. (31, vol. 1, p. 510) RAND: A rural post office established May 17, 1889 in the home of the postmaster, George E. Rand; discontinued Jan. 25, 1896 and mail sent to Dickinson. (80) RENVILLE: In the spring of 1906, a group of emigrants from Sacred Heart, Minn., arrived here which formed the nucleus of this settlement near the center of the county named for Joseph Renville, pioneer 100 trader and interpreter. A general store was opened in 1909 in which a post office was established Feb. 8, 1911 With Sten Williams, post­ master; discontinued April 30, 1918, and mail sent to Dunn Center; soon after the store was closed. (67, sec. 12, p. 3; 80) ROCK SPRINGS: E. O. Baker and sons opened up a general store in Sec. 28-153-94 in which the post office was established March 8, 1898 with Ole Petterson, postmaster; named for the pure springs of cold water coming out of the rocks near the building. (10, p. 783; 67, sec. 11, p. 3; 80) SENNEF: An inland post office on Sec. 4-141-91 established Aug. 24, 1915 named for the first postmaster, Charles E. Sneff (although spelled differently); discontinued Dec. 30, 1916 and mail sent to Marshall. (80) VADA: A rural post office established Sept. 14,1910 with Mrs. Louisa Powers, postmaster; discontinued May 10, 1912. It may have been named for Vada, Kentucky. (80) WERNER: Settlement near Spring Creek, began in 1914; incorpo­ rated as a village in 1917; named by L. C. Pettibone, townsite company official for John S. Werner, widely known Dawson merchant and banker. Werner came from New York in March 1883, homesteaded 16 miles north of Dawson, in Kidder County, engaged in stock raising extensively, moved to Dawson in 1890. The post office was estab­ lished at Werner May 15, 1919 with Agnes D. Bessire, postmaster. (1, p. 718; 10, p. 796; 73; 76; 80) WHETSTONE: A settlement named for J. F. Whetstone, mayor of Killdeer at the time. Another version of the origin of the name is— named for Whetstone Buttes, high range of hills visible for miles that are topped by a peculiar sandstone formation which is so hard that pieces from it were used by Indians and early settlers for sharpening their tools and weapons. (7, p. 326; 81) WILLMEN: Founded in 1908; near the source of Crooked Creek; named by Oscar B. Hanson, first postmaster, early homesteader and townsite owner for his son, Cyrus Willmen Hanson. The post office was established Dec. 1, 1913 and discontinued May 19, 1919. (76; 80)

EDDY COUNTY BRANTFORD: A townsite platted in 1912 on Sec. 35, Pleasant Prairie Twp. This Great Northern R.R. station was named by the railroad officials for Brantford, Ontario, Canada, the former home of their president, James J. Hill. A post office was established here by 1917. 101 BUELL: Never more than a ghost town. In the spring of 1884, a group of land investors 'along the James River failed in their attempt to establish this townsite. Origin of the name is not known. DALLAS: A rural post office in Sec. 23, Pleasant Twp. established July 17, 1906 with William A. Coleman, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 15,1907 and mail sent to Tiffany. Named for a local landowner, Dallas L. Draper, who came from Mt. Ayr, Iowa, settling here in 1902, later became a resident of Jamestown. (80) DIVIDE: The name is derived from its geographical site — at the divide of drainage to the James River and to the Sheyenne River. Divide townsite is on Sec. 32, Gates Twp. The post office was estab­ lished Sept. 27, 1907 with John Moe, postmaster; discontinued March 15, 1910. (73; 80) DUNDAS: A Great Northern R.R. loading station in Sec. 14, Superior Twp., named for Dundas, Ontario, Canada by local land owners from there. DUNN or DUNN'S CREEK: See NEW ROCKFORD. EDDY: A short-lived post office named for its county established July 21, 1887 with John J. Anderson, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 7, 1887. The county was named for E. B. Eddy, founder of the First National Bank of Fargo and for many years an active factor in the development of the Red River Valley. (5, p. 497; 80) FERDINAND: A rural post office established June 27, 1906 with Pssquale DeFiore, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1907 and mail sent to Morris. Origin of name not known. (80) FREEBORN: An early post office in the northeastern part of the county, south of Free People's Lake, named in honor of the pioneer settlers, who being outside Fort Totten Indian Reservation limits, and not connected with the army or fort, were called "free people" and their children "free born"; and too, there were settlers here from Freeborn County, Minn., who may have had a part in naming the place. The post office was established Oct. 6, 1890 with Simon Ander­ son, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 6, 1908 and mail sent to . (10, p. 744; 80) GARRISON: See NEW ROCKFORD. GATES: See SHEYENNE. HAMAR: Named by early residents from Hamar, Hedemark, Nor­ way. The post office on Sec. 3, Freeborn Twp. was established Aug. 18, 1906 with Erland Christofferson, postmaster. (76; 80) 102 MORRIS: Named for Thomas P. Morris, a U. S. soldier stationed at Fort Totten, who retired in 1885 after 32 years service in the army and became a resident of Eddy County. He was appointed postmaster when this inland post office was established Feb. 13, 1886; discon­ tinued Oct. 31, 1908 and mail sent to Tiffany. (10, p. 773; 38, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 23; 80) MUNSTER: A loading station on the Great Northern R.R. in Sec. 17, Minister Twp., named for the Munster School District which was organized Oct. 3, 1884. Origin of the name Munster not known. NEW ROCKFORD: The townsite on Sec. 32-149-67 was established on the James River in the spring of 1883 by the Jamestown & Northern R.R. (N.P.) which was extending its line from Carrington on to the Canadian boundary. There were two settlers here, just south of the new townsite, Hugh Peoples from Boston, Mass., and Capt. Walter G. Dunn from Meadville, Pa., who had squatted on land a year previous. Dunn started a general merchandise store in June, 1883, and estab­ lished a post office in it July 2 that was officially named DUNN but commonly called DUNN'S CREEK P.O. and Dunn was appointed post­ master; it was discontinued Dec. 18, 1883 and mail sent to New Rock- ford. When the railroad townsite promoters arrived they named their chosen site GARRISON for Lloyd Garrison, eastern railroad official and stockholder. Because the name was similar to that of another post office, it was renamed New Rockford, on Sept. 13, 1883. The name was selected by Charles Gregory for his former home, Rockford, 111. Other names had been suggested — ROCKY FORD, ROCKVILLE, and ROCKFORD — all derived from the rock forde at this point which permitted crossing of the James River and was known as Rocky Ford by the settlers and freighters, but the post office depart­ ment rejected each one of them. The post office was established Sept. 13, 1883 with Francis A. Sebring, postmaster. New Rockford was designated the county seat in 1885; incorporated as a city in 1912. (10, p. 775; 38, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 16; 51, 9/6/58; 73; 76; 80) ROCKY FORD: See NEW ROCKFORD. SHEYENNE: The town in Sec. 9, Gates Twp., is named for the river, and the river for the Cheyenne Indians living for several generations in the big bend of the river here, who are known by their enemies, the Sioux as "Sha-i-e-na Ozupa, Wakpa," meaning the river where the Cheyennes (enemies) planted. Early explorers misspelled the name changing (c) to (s), an error that aids in distinguishing this river from the Cheyenne of South Dakota. The first post office established July 20, 1883 with Phillip Brand, postmaster was named GATES, for an attorney and early homesteader, Frank M. Gates. After the North- 103 ern Pacific R.R. branch line survey was made in 1884 the post office and other buildings were moved one and one-half miles to the railroad site of Sheyenne. The post office was established May 27, 1887 with John W. Richter, postmaster. Sheyenne incorporated as a city in 1926. (10, p. 786; 20, p. 200; 73; 76; 80) TIFFANY: Named for B. C. Tiffany, then register of the U. S. Land Office at Grand Forks. Tiffany was established in 1882 by 60 families principally, from Chautauqua, N. Y. The post office on Sec. 29-149-64 was established Oct. 23, 1882 with Cyrus H. Culver, postmaster; dis­ continued Aug. 31, 1917 and mail sent to Brantford. (38, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 20; 80; 81) TOMLINSON: A post office in Sec. 17-149-66 established June 22, 1883 with Alva D. Tomlinson, postmaster; long since discontinued Tomlinson owned 1,120 acres and had one of the oldest and best farms in Eddy County. (38, vol. 2, no. 2; 80)

EMMONS COUNTY ARMSTRONG: A rural post office on Sec. 29-136-74 established Feb. 3, 1880 with Cymontho J. Wilkins, postmaster; discontinued May 5, .1909. Named for Moses K. Armstrong, a pioneer, legislator, delegate to congress and as government surveyor, laid out a number of town­ ships in Dakota Territory. (5, p. 227; 13; 20, p. 46; 80) ASHGROVE: A descriptive name of the location of this rural post office on Sec. 24-129-79 established April 6, 1899 with Patrick Kinsella, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 6, 1903 and mail sent to Pollock, S. Dak. (80) BARKER: An inland .post office on Sec. 26-129-76 established June 21, 1890 with Mary Johnson, postmaster; discontinued June 23, 1892 and mail sent to Westfield. Supposedly named for Barker, Tex. (80) BOBTOWN: A rural post office several miles southeast of Glencoe established Aug. 18, 1894 with Robert (Bob) Buchanan, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 28,1896 and mail sent to Livona. (80) BRADDOCK: Founded on Sec. 27-136-75 in Oct., 1898, when the Soo Line Ry. was extended here from Eureka, S. Dak. At the insistence of Fred D. Underwood, civil engineer of this railroad, the townsite officials named the village for his friend Edward Braddock, an early settler of the county and a well known civil engineer and who at that time was Emmons County auditor, when the county seat was at Williamsport. The post office was established in 1898 with I. E. Shepard, postmaster. The old townsite one-fourth mile south of the 104 present town of Braddock was platted and named MIRIAM for Mrs. Albert B. Peterson, local resident. The plat was never filed however. Braddock incorporated as a village in Nov., 1916. John C. Brown was appointed postmaster Feb. 24, 1899. (7, p. 47; 55, p. 7; 80) BROPHY: See TEMVIK. BUCHANAN: An inland post office by Long Creek on Sec. 30-136-77 established Nov. 17, 1884 with Isene A. Goodwin, postmaster; discon­ tinued May 23, 1894 and mail sent to Williamsport. This post office was in Buchanan Valley where Robert Buchanan settled in 1883 and his place became a popular stopping place for the overland traveler from Bismarck to Williamsport. (80) CAMPBELL: See KINTYRE. CORBINVILLE: Ben Corbin, an early settler, tried unsuccessfully to found a village on his land. No other data available. (12, 11/24/01) DAKEM: A rural post office established March 21, 1890, 16 miles east of Linton on Sec. 28-182-74, near Beaver Creek was given a composite name by its postmaster, Mrs. Sarah V. Braddock. The name is made up of the first three letters of Dakota and the first two letters of the county name, Emmons. The postmaster's husband Edward Braddock, for whom Braddock was named, carried the mail daily to and from Winchester, 22 miles west, by horse and buggy, called the stage. The post office was discontinued Nov. 15, 1909. (3/4/61, Anna Braddock Crain, Minneapolis, Minn.; 80) DALE: A rural post office near the state line on SW^j. Sec. 7-129-77 near Cat-tail Creek established June 11, 1891 with Joseph Clark, post­ master; discontinued Nov. 30, 1923 and mail sent to Pollock, S. Dak. The name may be descriptive of the location. (80) DANA: E. C. Blanchard, former division superintendent of the North­ ern Pacific Ry. suggested this station on Sec. 16-136-76 be named for Charles A. Dana, who with other famous journalists were excursion­ ists from the east to our state at that time. (73) DANBURY: A rural post office established June 29, 1887 with Dan M. Geil, postmaster; discontinued July 5, 1894 and mail sent to Wil­ liamsport. Supposedly ..named for Danbury, Iowa. (80) EAST LINTON: In July, 1902, a newly formed townsite company platted a townsite one-half mile east of Linton to be known as East Linton. (12, 8/10/02) EMMONSBURG: This Missouri River town on Sec. 14-132-79 at the mouth of Big Beaver Creek was named for its county. The county was named for James A. Emmons, one of the early steamboat captains 105 on the Missouri River, who established in 1872 one of the first business houses in Bismarck, being post trader at Camp Hancock and for many years identified with the development of this part of the state. Em- monsburg post office was established Oct. 17, 1883 with Harmidas A. Archambault, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 30, 1912 and mail sent to Hartford. (5, p. 496; 38, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 58; 80) EXETER: An inland post office on Sec. 26-131-74 on the South Branch of Big Beaver Creek established July 21, 1892 with Francis C. Fischer, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 20, 1897 and mail sent to Dakem; re­ established Jan. 8, 1898 with Hiriam Scott, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 12, 1906. Named by the first postmaster for Exeter, Ontario, Canada, which drew its name from Exeter, Devonshire, England. (80) GAYTON: A Missouri River steamboat landing developed into a town named for James B. Gayton, early settler on Horsehead Bottoms, and said to be the first white settler in Emmons County.. He was commissioned by the governor Oct. 16, 1883 to help organize Emmons County. He was also appointed on the board of county commission­ ers and served at the Constitutional Convention July 4, 1889. The post office on Sec. 12-134-79 was established Aug. 2, 1881 with John L. Kennedy, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 15, 1915 and mail sent to Livona. (1, p. 110; 80) GLANAVON: This post office with a Scottish name given it by local settlers was established Jan. 17, 1903 with Martha Whitney, post­ master on Sec. 28-129-78 near the Missouri River; discontinued Nov. 2, 1907 and mail sent to Winona. (80) GLENCOE: James Campbell and sons Dugald and Hugh, with Don Stevenson, all of Scottish descent and from the Scottish settlement in the SW corner of Burleigh County, founded this town on the SEi/4 Sec. 6-136-78 and named it for Glenco, Argyll County, Scotland. The post office was established May 2, 1883 with Cyrus M. Robinson, post­ master. Farrell's General Merchandise Store and a blacksmith shop were in operation at this time also. The post office was discontinued Nov. 29, 1930 and mail sent to Bismarck. (12, 11/19/01; 31, vol. 1, p. 509; 80) GODKIN: See TEMVIK.

HAGUE: This station on Sec. 31-130-74 was named by the C. M. & St. Paul R.R. ofl :ials for The Hague in the Netherlands to honor the Dutch homesteaaers of this area. The post office was established Nov. 24, 1902 with Frank Wolf, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1908. (20, p. 206; 74, 4/17/41, p. 1; 80) 106 HAMPTON: A post office near the Missouri River established June 20, 1893 in the home of the postmaster, Hiram Fuller on the SE14 Sec. 7-133-78; moved to Hartford Aug. 15, 1906. Supposedly named for Hampton, Iowa. (80) HARTFORD: J. H. Hart platted a townsite on his homestead SEVi Sec. 6-133-78 in the early 1900's which failed to develop. This com­ posite name is thought to be the word (ford) added to the owner's name Hart. HAZELTON: This Northern Pacific Railroad station was established in July, 1902, on Sec. 30-135-76; incorporated as a village in 1916. Mrs. Elise L. Perras was the first postmaster. John I. Roop, the townsite owner, platted and named it for his little daughter, Hazel. (3/20/61, Mrs. Earl Kurtz, Hazelton, N. Dak.; 17, p." 210; 74, 4/17/41, p. 1) HEBBARD: Early maps show this place on Sec. 14-136-76 near the north county line. No other data available. HULL: In 1887 a store was erected on Sec. 6-129-75 around which a settlement of Hollanders developed a village and named it for Hull, Iowa, the former home of several residents. The post office was estab­ lished Aug. 23, 1893 with Peter G. Rooks, postmaster. The store was moved to Hague in 1902, but the post office operated until July 1, 1954 when it was discontinued. (7, p. 211; 74, 6/24/54; 76) KERTZMAN: A post office established at Dana, a Northern Pacific Ry. station on Sec. 16-136-76 in 1921 and discontinued in 1922. No other data available. KINTYRE: In 1882 the Campbell brothers, Dugald and Hugh, natives of Scotland, established a 6,000-acre cattle, horse and sheep ranch in the NE corner of the county on the east side of Goose Lake, known as Northwestern Livestock Co. Ranch. The Soo Line came into the county in 1898 and a spur track a mile long was built from the ranch to join it on Sec. 35-135-74 where a stockyard and section house were erected. This place was known as CAMPBELL. The residents north and south of this railroad sent in separate petitions for a post office. When the post was established at Campbell, the name was changed to Kintyre for a peninsula in Argyllshire, Scotland, that juts out into the Irish Sea, the home land of the Campbell brothers. The name is said to mean "The choicest of land." It is also a contraction of the old Scottish clan name, Maclntyre. In 1905 the Kintyre post office was established in Mike R. Farrell's store and he was appointed postmaster. The town was platted in June, 1908. (76, 6/24/54; 76) 107 LARVIK: A rural post office established May 27,1899 with Byrnbyoff J. Storlee, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 17, 1902 and mail sent to nearby Westfield. It was named for E. M. Larvik, a local homesteader. (80) LINTON: Founded in 1896 on Sec. 6-132-76 near the junction of Beaver and Spring Creeks and designated the county seat. The post office was established Feb. 21, 1899 with Charles A. Patterson, post­ master. The townsite officials selected the name to honor George W. Lynn, prominent early day attorney of the county — the name is a contraction of Lynn-town. Linton incorporated as a village July 6, 1906; as a city March 26, 1914. (10, p. 763; 74, 4/17/41, p. 1; 73; 80) LIVONA: A rural post office was established Dec. 31, 1883 on Sec. 18-135-78 near Long Creek by C. C. Livingston and named for his wife Lavina — although the spelling is different. In 1885 the post office was established in the northwest corner of the Livingston farm house, where is was maintained for 70 years; 51 of those years, members of the Baker family served as postmasters. Mail was supplied by Star Route out of Bismarck. The post office no longer needed was dis­ continued June 30, 1955. (12, 4/22/55; 74, 4/17/41, p. 1 & 3/6/47, p. 1; 80; 81) MARIE: A post office on Sec. 18-133-74, about 20 miles southwest of Kintyre established in 1904 with James Green, postmaster; no other data available. MASTEL: Old maps indicate a settlement or an overland station on the South Branch of Big Beaver Creek. This was a family name in the area at that time. No other data available. (Rev. Benedict Pfaller, O.S.B., Richardton, N. Dak.) MIRIAM: See BRADDOCK. OMIO: A rural post office established Jan. 12, 1892 on Sec. 27-133-75 near the north branch of Beaver Creek with Libbie Wescott, post­ master; discontinued Dec. 31, 1914 and mail sent to Linton. Origin of the name not known. (80) ROOP: A rural post office established Aug. 21, 1884 in the home of the postmaster, Joseph N. Roop on NWJ/|, Sec. 26-135-75 which was about seven miles east of Williamsport; discontinued March 7, 1900 and mail sent to Braddock. (80) SELZ: A rural post office established April 13, 1896 in the home of the postmaster, Anton Vetter on Sec. 25-130-74; discontinued May 25, 1903 and mail sent to the newly established railroad town of Hague. Named by settlers from Selz, South Russia. (80) 108 SOUTH PRAIRIE: An inland post office established by Captain Fleck April 21, 1892 with Celia J. Fleck, postmaster, Sec. 7-131-76; discontinued April 22, 1899 and mail sent to Tirsbol. The name may be descriptive of the location. (80) STRASBURG: This C. M. St. P. Ry. station on Sec. 26-131-75 was established in 1902; incorporated as a village in 1908; as a city in 1941. It marks the dividing line between the Russo-German and Dutch settlements of this area. Both racial groups make up the population of the town, the center of a large grain and dairy district. The name is Rhenish twice removed, having named a village in South Russia before Russian immigrant settlers brought it here. (7, p. 210; 74, 4/17/41, p. 1) TELL: This rural post office named for Tell, Texas was established April 23, 1894 in the farm home of the postmaster, Olaf Pearson, on SE-i/j, Sec. 26-135-74; discontinued April 25, 1908 and mail sent to Braddock. (80) TEMVIK: In 1904 a Northern Pacific R.R. siding was established on Sec. 5-133-76 at which point a stockyard and loading station were soon erected and in operation with a townsite in mind, for this was 30 miles from Westfield, several settlers soon considered founding a townsite here. When conferring together about the matter, a bystander raised the question — "Who could possibly see much of a future at this deso­ late location?" Another exclaimed, "God kin". From that day in 1904 until Nov. 19, 1905, the townsite was called GODKIN. Meanwhile a merchant named L. W. Brophy built and operated the first store here and the town became known as BROPHY. By 1908 Brophy was a thriving community center, and Mr. Brophy had moved away. Many thought it should have a new name. There were a number of promi­ nent and successful farmers and business men in the locality, among them E. B. Temple, who owned the large farm east of the railroad track and Olaf and Edward Larvik, who owned a great deal of land on the west side of the track. Friends of each urged the town be renamed Templeton or Larvik. The situation became confused and the Post Office Department, Washington, D. C, refused to recognize either name. A town meeting was called and there was an unanimous decision to rename the town (Tern) (vik), a composite name of three letters from each name of these two prominent citizens. So on June 19, 1911 the townsite was officially named TEMVIK. (6/12/57, Robt. G. Cunningham, Temvik depot agent; 12/12/61, Egile Keller, early resident of Temvik community; 76;80) 109 TIRSBOL: A rural post office established May 3, 1898 with Egile Keller, postmaster; discontinued April 29, 1903 and mail sent to Stras- burg. This place was no doubt named for Tiraspol, the diocese for the Catholic German-Russians in South Russia. (80; Rev. Benedict Pfaller, O.S.B. Assumption Abbey, Richardton, N. Dak.) WESTFIELD: In 1884 a country store opened up on Sec. 4-129-76 in the center of a Dutch settlement in which a post office was established Feb. 18, 1888 with Henry Van Beck, postmaster; discontinued in 1902 and mail sent to Hague. It was named for Westfield, Iowa, former home of local residents. (74, 4/17/41, p. 1; 80) WILLIAMSPORT: This inland town on the NW% Sec. 15-135-76 that was once the county seat is but a ghost town now. It was named for Daniel Williams, the first postmaster appointed Sept. 7, 1883. He was also the first register of deeds in Emmons and Burleigh Counties and first warden of the State Penitentiary. The post office was dis­ continued Nov. 18, 1903 and mail sent to Hazelton. (80; 81; 83) WINCHESTER: This townsite promoted by Burnstad and Gillett on Sec. 1-132-77 on the banks of Beaver Creek near the center of the county was named for Judge Walter H. Winchester, Bismarck judge of the Sixth District Court. The post office was established Aug. 21, 1884 with Nathaniel M. Gillett, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 15, 1909. The growth of Linton after it was designated the county seat, killed the development of Winchester. (80) WINONA: On the east bank of the Missouri River across from Fort Yates, in the heyday of this military post, there sprang up at the mouth of Cat Tail Creek a town on Sec. 5-130-79 given an Indian name, Wi­ nona, by H. F. Douglas, the post trader. The meaning in Indian, "First born child — if a girl." The post office was established May 19, 1884 with James G. Pitts, postmaster; discontinued in 1889. Winona was once an enterprising town in the center of a growing ranching country and a natural corollary of the restrictions of military life at Fort Yates. After the abandonment of the post in 1912, Winona began to decline and today is a ghost town with only a few cellars and a solitary group of trees to mark the site. (7, p. 317; 80)

FOSTER COUNTY BARLOW: This Northern Pacific townsite was named for its founder, Frederick G. Barlow, who operated the first general merchandise store, where the post office was established June 3,1884 and he was appointed postmaster. This was one-half mile south of the town's present site. 110 Barlow was appointed county commissioner when the county was re­ organized in 1884, and he was a member of the first North Dakota legislature, in 1889. (20, p. 200; 80; 81) BRENNER: A post office in Sec. 35-150-64, named for B. F. and Ernest W. Brenner, pioneer settlers, established Oct. 4, 1880 with Ernest W. Brenner, postmaster. He was one of the first county commissioners, appointed Sept. 27,1883. (38, vol. 1, no. 12, p. 17) BORDULAC: The first residents in 1892 called the town CHIHAUN, an Indian name. The present name is descriptive of its location and is French •— bord du lac meaning, "border of the lake." It was sug­ gested by the townsite owner's wife, Mrs. George M. Palmer. The townsite then bordered the west shore of Lake George and covered a much greater area than at present. The lake is said to be named for George M. Palmer, a county pioneer, manager of the Carrington and Casey Ranch and later purchased the ranch in partnership with L. B. Hanna. (19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 133; 21) CAMP KIMBALL: A marked historic site in the fork of the Pipestem on the NEl/j, of Sec. 16-145-67 in the flat west of the creek where Sib­ ley's army camped July 22-23, 1863. It was from here that the expe­ dition moved southwest to engage in the Battle of the Big Mound. This camp was named for Post Surgeon - General James P. Kimball of the U. S. troops stationed at , D. T. (7, p. 272; 19, vol. 22, no. 1 & 2, p. 61; Foster County Independent 7/17/58) CARRINGTON: Established in 1882 at the junction of the Devils Lake and Mouse River branches of the Jamestown Northern Rwy. now the Northern Pacific. Named for M. D. Carrington, vice presi­ dent and general manager of the Carrington and Casey Co. In the summer of 1882 this company for $168,380 bought some 30,000 acres of railroad land in this area and in Wells County and operated a bonanza farm south of the town site they platted, named and gave sites for a public park, school, churches and the Foster County courthouse. The post office was established Feb. 15, 1883 with Arthur C. Halsey, post­ master. The village was incorporated as a city in 1900. (21; 38, vol. 1, no. 12, p. 12; 73; 80) CHAFFEE SPUR: A Soo Line R.R. Siding and loading station about four miles northwest of Carrington established on the 800-acre Ver­ mont farm of Frank N. Chaffee, who came from Troy, Orleans County, Vermont, in the spring of 1883, settling first on a tree claim in this area and became the owner of 2,400 acres in the vicinity of Carrington. (38, vol. 1, no. 12, p. 11) 111 CHILHAUN: See BORDULAC. CLINE: An inland post office a few miles northeast of Carrington was established in the spring of 1883 in the farm home of the first postmaster, A. Cline, who came from Carroll County, 111., to home­ stead here in 1882. The post office was of short duration. (38, vol. 1, no. 12, p. 14) EWEN: A rural post office was established June 6, 1890 ten miles east of Carrington in the home of the first postmaster, Henry S. Ewen, who homesteaded here in 1885. The post office was discontinued June 19, 1896 and mail sent to Haven. (31, vol. 3, p. 53; 80) FARQUER: A Northern Pacific station a few miles southeast of Carrington; which retained the name of the rural post office estab­ lished in 1883 in the home of the first postmaster, William Farquer, who later became the first county superintendent of schools in Foster Courity. (38, vol. 1, no. 12, p. 6 and vol. 4, no. 1, p. 24) GARFIELD: A Northern Pacific station a few miles east of Carring­ ton established in the early 80's; origin of the name uncertain; it may have been named for our martyred U. S. President, James A. Garfield. GLENFIELD: This village near the mid-eastern boundary of the county was founded in 1912 and retained the name of the rural post office established here Dec. 15, 1886 with Robert Clendenning, post­ master and discontinued Oct. 31, 1902. The name is believed to be descriptive of the local topography. (76; 80) GRACE CITY: Originally named LARRABEE for William H. Larra- bee, Civil War veteran, who established a post office on his homestead, a mile south of Lake Belland on the SEi/j. of Sec. 25-147-64 by the James River. The post office was discontinued Feb. 27, 1906 and mail sent to Haven. In 1910 the townsite officials renamed this settlement for Mrs. E. B. (Grace) Bradley, wife of a local realtor. The Grace City post office was established Sept. 26, 1910 with Ole Bouderud, post­ master. (10, p. 748; 76; 80) GUPTIL: A loading station a few miles north of Carrington on the N.P.R.R. named for E. T. Guptil, a pioneer homesteader, for whom the right-of-way was acquired. (73) HAVEN: An inland post office in Sec. 12-146-65 named for the first postmaster, Joseph P. Haven. The office has long since been dis­ continued. (10, p. 750) JUANITA: Named for the nearby Lake Wanitah, pronounced the same although spelled differently, which was named by A. L. Lowden, newspaper editor of McHenry County. The Juanita post office was 112 established Oct. 26, 1911 with William W. Hazlett, postmaster. This lake has carried various names: Townsend, Smith and Belland. (80) LARRABEE: See GRACE CITY. LEMERT: This Soo Line R.R. station was named for Judge Joshua Lemert, a local pioneer of 1883 and long time Foster County judge. The post office was established April 29, 1893 and Judge Lemert ap­ pointed postmaster; discontinued April 30, 1904 and mail sent to Carrington. (10, p. 762; 38, vol. 1, no. 12, p. 23; 80) MARIA: A short-lived post office established May 6, 1902 with Frank Settle, postmaster; rescinded Sept. 13, 1902. The location and the origin of the name Maria is not known. (80) McIIENRY: Established in 1899 on Sec. 15-147-62 at the terminus of the Cooperstown extension of 27 miles on the N.P.R.R. Named by the railroad officials for E. H. McHenry, chief engineer of the road at that time, and who in early days was employed in railway engineering on this same railroad, then known as the Jamestown & Northern. An inland post office named MELBY established June 21, 1890 by Knute Melby was moved to the townsite and an attempt was made to change the town's name to Melby which failed. The McHenry post office was established by Oct. 31, 1902. The village incorporated in 1903. (19, vol. 4, no. 11, p. 427; 73; 76; 80) MELBY: See McIIENRY. MELVILLE: This village near the south border of the county was platted in 1882 and named NEWPORT for Col. R. M. Newport, former treasurer of the Northern Pacific Rwy. The post office was established July 24, 1882 with Edgar S. Leavenworth, postmaster; but because of a disagreement over the price of townsite land, the Northern Pacific R.R. Co. moved the town to Sec. 35-145-66, one-half mile west and named it MELVILLE. The post office was established here May 2, 1883 with the same postmaster. Melville was originally the Carring­ ton and Casey Land Co. farm station. Emmett E. Highley, an early resident, believes the town was named for Melville D. Carrington, member of the land company that owned the town site. Another version of the origin of the name claims it was named by Lyman R. Casey, general manager of the Carrington and Casey Land Co., who named the village in compliment to Melville W. Hanna, one of the principal stockholders in this company. (7, p. 205; 10, p. 768; 38, vol. 1, no. 12, pp. 19-23; 80) MILLERS SPUR: This Soo Line R.R. spur and loading station was named for an early day post office that served this community for a number of years. The post office was named for Myron Miller, one 113 of the first settlers here in 1882. He filed on the SEVi Sec. 8-146-66. The post office was soon established with Archibald Miller, postmaster. Long since discontinued. (38, vol. 1, no. 12, p. 17) NEW PORT: See MELVILLE. PLEASANTVIEW: A descriptive name of the locality of this inland settlement in the extreme southeastern corner of the county. One atlas shows it across the line in Griggs County. It is out of existence now.

GOLDEN VALLEY COUNTY ALPHA: Ben G. Odiorne operated a store on his farm in Sec. 2-136-105 in which a post office was established May 3, 1907 and he was ap­ pointed postmaster. He gave it the name Alph(a), the first letter of the Greek alphabet, indicating first or chief, because this was the first settlement in the area and he expected it to become the chief or leading town of the county. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) ARVID: A post office established by 1916 on the Star Route in the home of the postmaster, H. J. Arvid on Sec. 8-143-105, discontinued in 1919. BEACH: Named for Capt. Warren C. Beach of the 11th Inf. USA, who served in the military escort of the N.P.R.R. surveyors in 1873, known as the Stanley Railroad Survey Expedition. The track was completed to this point and on to the Dakota-Montana territorial line five and one- half miles farther west that year. The post office was established Oct. 27, 1902 with Frank E. Heath, postmaster. When the county was organized Beach was designated the county seat. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BUELSDALE: An inland post office on the west bank of Elk Creek established Aug. 4, 1916 with Mary R. Barnett, postmaster; discon­ tinued Aug. 30, 1919 and mail sent to Trotters. Origin of name not known. (80) BONNIEVIEW: Named by Alex McCaskey, a Scot for his farm in Sec. 20-142-105, which is 12 miles north of Beach. Bonnie in Scottish means beautiful. From a butte on his land he could see over the sur­ rounding countryside and it was there the name suggested itself. (The Golden Valley News, 7/23/59) BURKEY: In the southeast corner of Lone Tree Twp., near Bullier Creek, John Burkey operated a store or trading post for the farmers in which a post office was established Sept. 9, 1905 and he was ap­ pointed postmaster. There was also a cheese factory operating here 114 for a time. In 1915 the store and post office were moved six miles west to Golva. (76; 80) CHAMA: A spur track and station sign established in 1888, said to be named after the Rio Chama in Texas. At an altitude of 2,804 feet, it is the highest N.P.R.R. station in North Dakota. (19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 139) De MORES: The second loading station west of Medora on the N.P. R.R. It was named for the French founder of Medora, Antoine de Vallombrosa, Marquis de Mores. (10, p. 736) GOLVA: Founded in 1915 on Sec. 30-138-103. The townsite officials accepted the suggestion of the original townsite owner, A. L. Martin to coin a name for the town from the first few letters of its county name (GOL)den (VA)lley. (10, p. 747; 76) RAFLETREE: A post office established near the center of the county May 9,1905 in the home of the postmaster, Alden Mosher; discontinued May 5, 1908 and mail sent to Sentinel Butte. Origin of name not known. (80) RIDERS: This railroad station was named by the N.P.R.R. officials in 1914. There was a railroad siding named Ranger and as this was in range country, they thought it appropriate to name it Riders for the cowboys. (81) SENTINEL BUTTE: A station established 18 miles west of Medora on the Northern Pacific R.R. in 1882. Named by the early settlers for the mesa or flat topped butte, three miles southeast of it, which was named for two Indian sentinels, American Black Eagle and Standing Together, who were slain while riding ahead of the mail in the pass between two buttes, the loftiest points in North Dakota. There are conflicting stories told of the slaying. One Indian legend tells that romance was involved; but more generally believed, is that these two sentinels or scouts were killed in a surprise attack by a Sioux war party in the vicinity when Sully's Expedition passed over the townsite following its encounter with the Sioux at Flat Top. Sup­ posedly the graves of the two slain sentinels are on the top of the butte named for them. A post office was established at this station July 11,1907 with Henry Gilbert, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 1, 1911. (7, p. 302, 76; 80) THELAN: Founded on Sec. 31-139-105. No data available. TROTTERS: A post office was established May 7, 1904 at the head of the south prong of Smith Creek with Francis L. Trotters, post­ master. To obtain the post office he carried the mail from Wibaux, 115 Mont, to his ranch for a year without pay. It was later moved to the present site on Sec. 6, Pearl Twp., and discontinued Dec. 31, 1908. (The Golden Valley News, 7/23/59, p. 8; 80) WALDQN: A N.P.R.R. station five miles west of Medora. No data available. WESTENHEIM: In Sec. 20-142-103. No data available. WILLIAMS: An inland post office established March 19, 1906 in the southeast corner of the county near Williams Creek in the ranch home of the postmaster, John E. Williams; discontinued Feb. 28, 1914. (80)

GRAND FORKS COUNTY ARVILLA: This settlement in the Turtle River Valley began in 1878 when a party of seven men from northern Minnesota came by ox-team, bringing their supplies and about 50 head of young stock. A post office was established here by 1881 named ORANGE, probably for Orange County, N. Y., the former home of James H. Mathews, who homesteaded in Arvilla township in 1879 and was the owner of the New York Farm. The post office was discontinued as Orange and re­ established as Arvilla, June 28, 1882 with Frank B. Merriman, post­ master. The village of Arvilla in Sec. 1 in Arvilla Twp., was platted in May, 1882, on Dudley H. Hersey's farm and named for his wife, Arvilla Estella Hersey, as was its township. (11, p. 196; 13, p. 102; 29, p. 91; 38, vol. 1, no. 10, p. 5; 80) BACHELOR'S GROVE: A fine grove of trees along the Turtle River in Sec. 30 of Agnes Twp., first known as THOMSON'S GROVE for Thomas and Gulick Thomson, the land owners. But when W. N. Roach opened up a mail route between Grand Forks and Fort Totten in the fall of 1879 and made this point, which was 40 miles west of Grand Forks, a stage stop, James H. Mathews, who accompanied him, spoke of it as the bachelors' grove, for the reason that at this time only one man in the vicinity had his family with him. It became known as Bachelors Grove. (13, p. 104) BARKER'S STATION: See NIAGARA- BEAN: See HONEYFORD. BELLEVILLE: In the spring of 1882 a post office was established in the farm home of Neil Bell. Alternative explanations of the name are that it is derived from that of its first postmaster or from Belleville, Ontario, many of the community's earliest settlers having come from 116 this province. On June 19, 1882 the post office was moved to a store in Belleville village and Hector Ralston was commissioned post­ master. The village in Sec. 14, Elkmount Twp., was never platted or incorporated; and when hope of railroad connections failed in 1884, the store was closed and the post office was returned to the Bell home­ stead. It was moved again in 1889 and discontinued in 1905. The village name still appears on maps. (29, p. 50; 80) BELLEVUE: An overland stage-mail station on the Fort Abercrom­ bie - Fort Garry Trail was established here in 1871 and named TURTLE RIVER STATION for the Turtle River which flows through the town­ ship, named for it, to enter the Red River. Turtle River was named by the early explorers because of the many terrapin found along its banks — also called Tortoise River in their early journals. In April, 1878, the site was platted and named CHRISTIANA for Margaret and August Christiani, the townsite owners. The spelling of the name may be influenced by the former name of , Norway. In July, 1879, the post office was removed to a store a short distance northeast and renamed Bellevue for August Bellevue, who operated a steam flour and saw mill here. Bellevue was platted in July, 1879, on Sec. 35, Turtle River Twp. The railroads by-passed the village and the mill burned and finally the place was deserted. (13, p. 101; 29, pp. 51, 56, 106) BENTRU: A post office and its township named for Halvor Bentru, one of the earliest settlers who came with his family from Iowa, June 30, 1871, and homesteaded Sec. 27-149-49. The post office was estab­ lished there June 23, 1900 with Torkel A. Torkelson, postmaster; dis­ continued July 27,1906. (11, p. 255; 30, p. 38; 80) BJORN: A post office established July 19, 1880, in the farm home of the postmaster, Andrew Hallickson, in Sec. 20, Brenna Twp.; discon­ tinued Jan. 29, 1881. Origin of the name not definitely known; Bjorn is a Norwegian name or word for bear. The animal might have been seen on this site. (10/6/61, Roy Johnson, Fargo Forum, 29, p. 53; 80) BLAKELY'S CROSSING: A crossing of the Turtle River on the Robert Blakely homestead. It was on the overland stage and mail route bteween Grand Forks and Fort Totten. Robert Blakely, who located here in 1877 was one of the first settlers in Mekinock Twp. A post office was established here in 1879; see MEKINOCK. (13, p. 102; 29, p. 53; 80) BLOOMING: Named for its township which was named for Blooming Prairie, Minn., former home of several families who settled in this vicinity in 1877. When the village was platted in 1887 it was well within the limits of Sec. 1 of Mekinock Twp. (29, p. 53; 33, p. 29) 117 BOLACK: A siding on the N. P. Rwy. in Rye Twp., near Grand Forks named for the Bolack family, who owned land near this point on the right-of-way. (29, p. 54) CABLE: A post office established July 20, 1888, in the home of the postmaster, Jesse Cable on Sec. 14, Loretta Twp., discontinued July 7, 1893, and mail sent to Northwood. (29, p. 55; 80) CHRISTIANA: See BELLEVUE. CLINTON: A post office established May 24, 1880, in the home of the postmaster, Hezekiah Willett on Sec. 23, Americus Twp.; discontinued March 27, 1882. - Its name is probably borrowed from Clinton, Iowa, whence some of the early settlers came. (29, p. 56) DAHL: A rural post office established March 13, 1879, with Lewis Knudson, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 12, 1881. Origin of name not known. (29, p. 57; 38, vol. 1, no. 8, p. 22; 80) DANISH (COLONY) SETTLEMENT: A name used as early as 1904 for a settlement area near Larimore set aside by the Ell?; Valley Land Colonization Co., for Danish immigrants. (29, p. 57) DEVILLO: See OPORTO.

EDISONS: A Great Northern R.R. loading station established near Emerado in 1895 and named for Thomas S. Edison, owner of the land along the right-of-way. (29, p. 58) EMERADO: This village platted in Sept., 1885, takes its name from the Emery Farm which is part of the townsite and owned by Lewis Emery, Jr., of Bradford, Pa., a leading oil operator. The townsite was the original homestead of Henry Hancock from Exeter, Ont., locating here in 1879. He sold 40 acres in Sees. 1 and 12 in Chester Twp in 1882 for the townsite. The post office was established Nov. 25, 1885, with Edmund Gale, Jr., postmaster. (26, p. 60; 38, vol. 1, no. 10, p. 17; 80) EVERSON: A post office in Turtle River Twp., established May 17, 1904, with Edward Everson, postmaster; rescinded Nov. 1, 1904. (80) FERGUS: A small settlement in Sec. 3, Logan Twp., which derived its name from the first postmaster, Peter B. Ferguson in 1882. The railroad to Kempton doomed Fergus to a ghost town. Fergus was never platted and the post office was discontinued and then reestab­ lished July 7, 1893, with Michael Kent, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 30, 1919, and mail sent to Kempton. (29, p. 63; 80) FLUSHING: A loading station on the Great Northern R.R. a few miles north of Inkster. No other data available. 118 GILBY: Named for its township, which was named for the Gilby brothers, George, John and James, who were among the earliest settlers in its area. The village had its beginning in 1881 on the SW^, Sec. 22 and platted in August, 1887. The post office was established May 2, 1881, with John Braitwaite, postmaster. (13, p. 116; 80) GRAND FORKS: French Canadian explorers and employees of Hud­ son's Bay Company, named this site at the confluence of the and Red Lake River, who used it as a depot or outpost nearly 100 years before the white settlers came to Grandes Fourches or in the singular, as the fur traders commonly knew it, La Grand Fourche. The English version of this French name was suggested to the Post Office Dept., by Sanford C. Cady, who on June 15,1870, became the first postmaster in the county, when the village of Grand Forks had only 30 inhabitants, although its settlement began in 1865. This was the second permanent occupation by white families of any townsite in what was to be the state of North Dakota, the first having been at Pembina about 1813. On Oct. 26, 1875, Capt. Alexander Griggs filed the first plat of the original town, covering about 90 acres of his claim, upon which he had exercised squatter sovereignty since 1871. Grand Forks was designated the county seat in 1873; it was organized in 1878; incorporated as a village in 1884, and as a city in 1887. The Great Northern branch railroad from Crookston westward reached here in Jan., 1880. Grand Forks airport is now a port of entry. (13, pp. 48, 58, 59, 38, vol. 1, no. 10, p. 3 & vol. 2, no. 4, p. 7; 80) GRAND FORKS JUNCTION: A railroad junction on the Great Northern established in 1881 where a branch from the south joins the main line two miles west of Grand Forks, from which it derives its name. (29, p. 66) HALL: A rural post office established July 6, 1907, with Lewis A. Lorenson, postmaster; long since discontinued. Location or origin of name not known. (80) HANNAH JUNCTION: A railroad junction of the Great Northern Rwys., midway of and Larimore. Origin of name not known. (38, vol. 1, no. 11, p. 45) HANSON: See HEGTON.

HEGTON: One of three post offices on the Grand Forks - Fort Totten overland mail route. It was established Feb. 16,1879, in the farm home of the first postmaster, H. E. Hanson, on the Turtle River, six miles north of Larimore; discontinued Feb. 14, 1882, and mail sent to Lari­ more. Hanson chose the name in memory of his former farm home, 119 Hegstad, in Norway. The post office was often referred to as the HANSON post office. The township was named for the post office. (13, p. 110; 26, p. 69; 38, vol. 1, no. 10, 4; 80) HOLMES: A rural post office near the center of Union Twp., estab­ lished on Feb. 13,1886, with Lars Helmstad, postmaster. It was named for David M. Holmes, who in 1872 worked with the U. S. survey party in this township. Holmes was one of the earliest settlers in this sec­ tion of the Red River Valley. (29, p. 70; 37, vol. 5; 80) HONEYFORD: This was but a Northern Pacific Rwy. station in Sec. 32, Gilby Twp., named BEAN for S. S. Bean, a land owner along the right-of-way when the line was constructed in 1887. The post office established here March 29, 1888, took the same name; Samuel White was commissioned postmaster; discontinued April 27, 1891, and mail sent to Gilby. Then on July 25, 1892, a post office named Honeyford was established here with William J. Honeyford, postmaster. The station name was changed to coincide with the post office, when the station's plat was filed Aug. 9, 1906. (29, pp. 52, 71; 80) INKSTER: The village and its township were named for George T. Inkster, first settler in the township. He came from Winnipeg, Cana­ da, where a street is named for him. He took a homestead claim along the Forest River, settling here in Sept., 1878, and leaving in 1882 for the Mouse River country, to which he brought the first herd of cattle. A post office named Inkster was established Aug. 9, 1880, in the home of the postmaster, William Matthie, and moved Feb. 12,1885, to the village of Inkster in Sec. 13, where it was established in the local drug store. (13, p. 128; 29, p. 72; 80) JOHNSTOWN: The post office was originally named MILAN for its township. Both were named by John Ryan Barker, the first post­ master, for his former home town of Milan, Bradford County, Pennsyl­ vania. The post office was established Dec. 13, 1880, in the Barker home on Sec. 20. The name was changed to Johnstown when the township was renamed Johnstown. This name is derived from the given name of Barker or the surname of Isaac N. Johnson, on whose homestead the village was platted in Feb., 1904, and to which the post office was moved when the Northern Pacific R.R. extended a branch line through the northeastern part of the county in 1887. v (13, p. 123; 29, pp. 72, 84; 80) KELLY: Named for Byron St. Clair Kelly, a stage driver, who with his family were the first settlers in Acton Twp., Walsh County, where he staked a claim in Sec. 25 on a point of land that extended down to the Red River and kept a stage station and established a post office in 1871. A settlement grew around it, known as Kelly's Point or Kelly's 120 Landing, the present site of Acton. When the Northern Pacific Rwy. was constructed across the northeast corner of Grand Forks County in 1881, the village moved 12 miles to Sec. 13, Blooming Twp. to meet it. A post office was established at this station named Kelly, on Feb. 14, 1889, with Daniel B. Thompson, postmaster. It has long since been discontinued. The loading station and the stockyard shelter sheds were discontinued in Sept., 1957. (11, p. 195; 76; 80) KEMPTON: In 1884, the Great Northern R.R. established a station on Sec. 6 of Avon Twp., and named it for W. S. Kemp, one of its officials. The post office was established March 16, 1887, with Elmer E. Beckford, postmaster. (29, p. 74; 80) LAKEWOOD: The name may be descriptive, since the post office established Oct. 17, 1903, with George W. Hart, postmaster, was located a short distance from the wooded shores of Hart Lake. The post office was discontinued Aug. 8, 1906, and mail sent to Northwood. (29, p. 75; 80) LARIMORE: The townsite was platted by Alex Oldham, county sur­ veyor, on Sec. 12 of Larimore Twp. This was on land homesteaded by Albert Clark. The plat was filed March 29, 1882. The village was founded and organized in August, 1881, and received its name. Build­ ings were soon erected and in November of that year Lyman P. Good­ hue had put up a store which proved later to be just outside the town limits and was appointed the first postmaster Dec. 1, 1881. Two lines of railway were approaching this area; the Great Northern (then called St. P., Mpls. & Manitoba) was coming from the east and the Northern Pacific was extending the grade of their Casselton branch to Mayville. Settlers commonly supposed that at whatever point the lines crossed, there a town would be established. At that time N. G. and John W. Larimore, for whom the town and its township were named, were offi­ cials of the Elk Valley Farming Co. of St. Louis, Mo., began the work of opening the Elk Valley farm on an extensive scale; until they were owners of a 15,000-acre bonanza farm adjoining the town on the south and originally embraced it. N. G. Larimore was the principle owner and general manager of the farm and his son, Clay, the superintendent. (7, p. 249; 11, p. 197; 13, p. 119; 38, vol. no. 11, pp. 4, 5; 76; 80)

LEVANT: The St. P., Mpls. & Manitoba R.R. (now the Great North­ ern) established a station in March, 1882, on the siding they constructed in 1881 on Sees. 13 and 14, Levant Twp., and named it for the township, which was named by the many early settlers from Levant, Ont., Canada. A post office was established here on Jan. 8, 1900, with Isaiah Steen, postmaster; rescinded Oct. 15, 1900. (29, p. 77; 80) 121 LOGAN CENTER: A post office established by 1905 and discontinued by 1907, was named for its township. The township was named for John A. Logan, Civil War general, later U. S. senator from Illinois and Republican candidate for vice-president of the United States. He died a few months before this township was organized on Dec. 26, 1886. The name was suggested by W. P. Wilson, another Civil War veteran who was present at the first township meeting. (29, p. 78) MANVEL: An overland stage station established in the NW1^, Sec. 15, Ferry Twp., originally named TURTLE RIVER STATION. It was one of the six stops on the Fort Abercrombie - Fort Garry Traill in the 1860's. A post office was established March 7, 1877, with Melvin P. Chappell, postmaster; discontinued when the Manvel post office was established Jan. 16, 1882, with Emmet R. Jacobs, postmaster. The Northern Pacific R.R. was completed to Moorhead, Minn., Jan. 1, 1872, and to give an overland passage to travelers and immigrants, a stage line was established from Moorhead to Winnipeg; freight was carried to and from, by Red River boats. The stage stations were established at convenient points for care of passengers and horses. In 1879, Turtle River Station became a platted townsite, and in 1881, a St. P., Mpls. & Manitoba R.R. (now the Great Northern) station, and renamed Manvel for Allen A. Manvel, general passenger agent of the railroad. (11, p. 195; 13, p. 101; 20, p. 187; 76; 80) MATHIE: In 1880 a post office was established in the farm home of William Mathie in Inkster Twp., and discontinued in 1884. (13, p. 107) McCANNA: Named for Dan W. McCanna, who with his son, Simon A., farmed thousands of acres along the south branch of the Turtle River. The McCanna Farm lies adjacent to the town on the northwest. This Great Northern R.R. townsite was platted on Sec. 4, Elm Grove Twp., in 1884 and organized in 1887. The post office was established Nov. 20, 1884, with Simon A. McCanna, postmaster. Dan W. McCanna first settled near Grand Forks in 1881 and farmed a year. In 1882, he headed a colony of 40 families from Olmstead and Mower Counties, Minn., who were the first settlers in Towner County. In the spring of 1883, he went to Big Coulee Spring near the colony and located on Sec. 30-158-66. Big Dan's Crossing there is named for him. (13, p. 101; 20, p. 240; 29, p. 80; 80) McRAE: A post office established March 21, 1894, in the home of the postmaster, Omund T. Josendahl, on Sec. 25, Pleasant View Twp.; dis­ continued Jan. 30, 1904, and mail sent to Northwood. D. C. McRae, who taught the district school in 1893-4, gave the post office his name. (29, p. 82; 80) MECKINOCK: See MEKINOCK. 122 MEKINOCK: Named for its township. There are two explanations for the origin of the name. One is that it is the name of a noted Ojib- way Indian who is believed to be buried in the township; Mekinock is said to be a corruption of the Ojibway word for turtle — "mukeke- nauk." A more plausible hypothesis, however, is that the name was borrowed from a Minnesota township. A number of the earliest set­ tlers in Mekinock Twp. migrated from Minnesota. There are two spellings of the name. The first post office MECKINOCK was estab­ lished Oct. 7, 1879, with Robert Blakely as postmaster; discontinued Feb. 20, 1882, and mail sent to Grand Forks. It was reestablished Jan. 30, 1888, with Mathew Lodwell, postmaster; the name was changed to Mekinock Feb. 14,1888. The Mekinock Twp. was organized and named in 1883. When the village was platted in Sept. 1887, on Sec. 1 of Mekinock Twp., it was officially named Mekinock. (29, p. 83; 80) MERRIFIELD: A station established in 1881, on Sec. 31, Grand Forks Twp., a few miles north of Thompson on the Mpls., St. P. & Manitoba R.R. (now the Great Northern) and named for Webster Merrifield, original owner of the land on which it was located. The post office was established Nov. 9, 1886, with Hattie M. Thompson, postmaster. Dr. Merrifield was an original faculty member of the University of North Dakota, 1883 - 1891, and its president, 1891 - 1901. (29, p. 83; 80) MILAN: See JOHNSTOWN. MORAINE: A post office established May 26, 1904, with Jessie Lun- ney, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 28, 1913, and mail sent to Larimore. It was named for its township, which was organized Aug. 18, 1884. Several settlers present at this township meeting suggested it be named after Captain Simon P. Webster, a Civil War veteran and early settler here — but the Captain proposed that it be named for the terminal moraines which make up the hills of the township. (29, p. 85; 80) NEW YORK SETTLEMENT: See NIAGARA- NIAGARA: Until the village was platted in 1883 on Sec. 7, Niagara Twp., this community of Norwegians, who came here from Niagara County, New York in 1879, and settled on land belonging to George D. Barker, was known as the NEW YORK SETTLEMENT or BARKER'S STATION. Anticipating the coming of the Great Northern R.R., they constructed their first buildings on skids. When the railroad came through as expected, late in 1882, they moved their buildings a mile southeast to the present site of Niagara, adopting the name of the township. The Niagara post office was established Feb. 20, 1883, with Charles M. Leonard, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1907. (20, p. 240; 29, p. 86; 80) 123 NORTON: See THOMPSON. OJATA: When it was platted by John J. Cavanaugh in Sept., 1880, 12 miles west of Grand Forks, on Sees. 2 and 11, Oakville Twp., it was named STICKNEY, for A. B. Stickney, construction superintendent of the St. P., Mpls. & Manitoba R.R. (now the Great Northern). It was the first place in the county to be established on a railroad line and as a result of the construction of the line. A post office was estab­ lished Aug. 19, 1881, with James W. Hunter, postmaster. While Stick- new was the terminus of the railroad and a railroad camp, it rivaled Grand Forks in trade. On Feb. 26, 1881, the name STICKNEY was changed to OJATA by an act of the territorial legislature. Two ac­ counts are given for the change. According to one, the name was changed by overwhelming agreement of the early settlers. The town- site then was in swampland. Each heavy rain made it a quagmire, and settlers regarded the name "Stickney" as bad advertising. They changed the name to Ojata, supposedly an Indian word for "Crossing," appropriate enough for a station on the railroad that crossed Salt Coulee and Hazen Brook. The other version: the change of names was at the request of the railroad officials, who supposed that a branch • of the Northern Pacific R.R. would cross their own line where Lari­ more is now. Some railroad folders designated that point as Ojata. A railroad contract specified that a shipment be delivered at Ojata (Larimore); but the track not being finished at that place, the goods were delivered to Stickney. To make the letter of the contract and the place of delivery agree, the name of Ojata was given to Stickney, 18 miles east of Larimore. But the post office name, Stickney, was not changed to Ojata until March 6, 1888, with Charles Hutchinson, post­ master. The name is evidently Dakota or Sioux — "oz-ate", meaning a fork or forks of a road or stream. The village declined, when the railroad was extended west. Nothing is left of it now but a sign at the old site. The post office was discontinued by 1936. At one time a farmer acquired the entire village site in exchange for a stallion. (11, p. 16; 13, p. 109; 20, p. 239; 29, p. 89; 80; 84, p. 460) ORANGE: See ARVILLA. •QRR: Established as a St. P., Mpls. & Manitoba R.R. (now the Great Northern) station in 1884, on Sec. 2 of Agnes Twp., and the townsite platted in the summer of the same year. It was named for John C. Orr, a bachelor, who owned land on the railroad right-of-way. The post office was established Feb. 15, 1885, with John C. Orr, postmaster. Orr is one of the eight place names in the state with three letters. (13, p. 120, 29, p. 91; 80) 124 OSCEOLA: A post office, no longer in existence, was established June 5, 1879, with George S. Orrock, postmaster, who may have named it for Osceola, Iowa. No other data available. (80) PEARSON: A rural post office established SW corner of Falconer Twp., April 6,1880, with William F. Sheppard, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 7, 1882, and mail sent to Grand Forks. Supposedly named by the postmaster for Pearson, Wise. (80)

PERTH: Thought to be a settlement from Perth Province, Canada. The name appears in Ferry Twp., on a map published in 1882 and in Lakeville Twp., on a map published in 1884. No other data available. (29, p. 92) PILOT: A settlement that grew around a stage station in the SW1/!, Sec. 30 of Agnes Twp., south of the Turtle River, where a post office was established Dec. 23, 1880, with James Christianson, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1881, then reestablished June 10, 1881; finally discontinued by 1941. It is supposedly named by settlers from Pilot Grove Twp., in Minnesota. After the post office was discontinued, the settlement was more generally known as Bachelor's Grove. (29, p. 29; 80) POWELL: A railroad siding and loading station, rarely used now, on the main line of the Great Northern about five miles west of Grand Forks, where a station was established in 1907 and named for a number of Powell families in that area. By another account, it was named for Arthur D. Powell of Larimore, a Great Northern brakeman killed at Shawnee in 1906. (29, pp. 93-4)

RENO: A post office established Jan. 14, 1884, in the home of the postmaster, Leonard Wagar, on Sec. 2 of Strabane Twp., near the north bank of the Forest River. It was named for Marcus A. Reno, famed for his association with General Custer. The post office was discon­ tinued Nov. 12, 1885, and mail sent to Forest River in Walsh County. (13, p. 107; 29, p. 95; 80) REYNOLDS: A Great Northern R.R. station in Sec. 31, Americus Twp., established in 1880 and named for Dr. Henry A. Reynolds, a temperance apostle, who homesteaded the land on which it is located. He platted and promoted the townsite in 1880 and was commissioned the first postmaster May 26, 1881. The town is on the Grand Forks- Traill County line; and many residents have their business places in one county, their homes in the other. It is one of three towns in North Dakota situated in more than one county. (20, p. 188; 29, p. 96; 38, vol. 1, no. 10, p. 18; 80) 125 SCHURMEIER: A Great Northern R.R. station established on Sec. 29, Falconer Twp., in 1881 and named for J. H. Schurmeier, a St. Paul wagonmaker, who owned land here on the right-of-way. The station is no longer used, and the elevator which once stood there has been moved away, but the name appears on current maps as a siding. (29, p. 99) SHAWNEE: Originally a stage station on Sec. 30 in Elm Grove Twp. In 1882 the Great Northern R.R. established a station here and named it for Erving Shaw, who owned land at this point on the right-of-way. Some say is was named for an Indian tribe. The Shawnee post office was established Sept. 6, 1902, with John Solseng, postmaster; discon­ tinued May 31, 1923, and mail sent to McCanna. (5, p. 105; 11, p. 23; 29, p. 99; 80) STEWART: A rural post office in the southwest part of the county established Feb. 23, 1886, with May Mitchell, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 6, 1887, and mail sent to Northwood. It is claimed to have been named for Joseph M. Stewart, who at that time was editor of the newspaper at Mayville, "The Goose River Farmer." (80) STICKNEY: See OJATA. STOUGHTON: A post office established March 3, 1893, in the farm home of the postmaster, Nathan D. Stoughton on Sec. 3, Turtle River Twp., which he wanted named Greenwood, to honor Joseph Green­ wood, an early settler of the community; but a post office had previ­ ously been named Greenwood in North Dakota, so the Postal Dept. named the post office for its first postmaster. (29, p. 102; 80) STRABANE: A post office established in Sec. 22 of Strabane Twp., was established June 25, 1883, with Joseph Myers, postmaster; dis­ continued June 10, 1886, and mail sent to Johnstown. When Strabane Twp. was organized Nov. 10, 1881, Edward Miller, one of its early set­ tlers proposed that it be named Strabane, explaining to his neighbors present, that he derived it from the Latin (strabic), meaning "I stray." Later they learned, in the words of one of them, "We have been duped and named our township after Ed. Miller's old home town, Strabane, Ont., Canada. (29, p. 103; 80) THOMPSON: From the time of earliest settlement until Jan. 21, 1881 when Albert Thompson was commissioned postmaster, both the vill­ age and post office were called NORTON, for George Norton, owner of land near the townsite, in Sec. 25 Allendale Twp. and Sec. 30, Walle Twp. Two versions are given for the change of name. Because mail from Norton, Minn., was frequently sent here by mistake, the Postal Dept. was requested to rename the post office for the postmaster and 126 his brother Robert Thompson, early settlers here. The other version — it was namd for Alec Thompson, local pioneer business man. The same year, 1881, the Great Northern R.R. changed the name of the station to that of the post office. (29, p. 104; 76; 80) THOMPSON'S GROVE: See BACHELOR'S GROVE- TURTLE RIVER STATION: See MANVEL. UNIVERSITY STATION: A postoffice was established at this Great Northern R.R. station in Sec. 5, Grand Forks Twp. April 12, 1890 with Earle J. Babcock, postmaster; named for its proximity to the State University at Grand Forks. (29, p. 107; 80) WALLE: Named for its township, which was named by settlers from Norway, reminiscent of their former homeland. The post office in Sec. 25 was established Oct. 4, 1878 with Ole Olsen Upsal, postmaster; discontinued by 1881; reestablished in 1903 and finally discontinued. (29, p. 109; 80) WHYNOT: When settlers asked Erik K. Larsgaard why he was build­ ing a store on his homestead in Sec. 29, Bentru Twp. in the 1880s, he answered, "Why not?" A postoffice named Whynot was established in his store May 6, 1892 and he was commissioned postmaster; discon­ tinued Dec. 17, 1906 and mail sent to Reynolds. A large painted sign WHYNOT attracted attention on the front of his store building. (29, p. Ill; 80) WOODVILLE: Originally it is believed to have been a steamboat landing on the Red River, a few miles south of the present site of Grand Forks. A post office was established here May 15, 1881 with Wm. A. Woods, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 6, 1883 and mail sent to Ardock. (29, p. Ill; 80)

GRANT COUNTY BERLIN: A rural post office near Antelope Butte named by German settlers for a city in their homeland; established Oct. 17, 1896 with August Beck, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 20, 1898 and mail sent to Leipsiz. (80) BIG STONE CITY: Originally this rural post office established July 30, 1875, with Wm. R. Movius, postmaster, was named INKA CITY. Name changed to Big Stone City Sept. 16, 1879. Its location or origin of name not known. BIRDSELL: See ODESSA. 127 BRISBANE: Named for Arthur Brisbane, syndicated editorial writer for the Hearst newspapers, who was earlier editor himself of half a dozen papers, notably of the New York Evening Journal, when this post office was established Oct. 1, 1910 with E. H. Robinson, postmaster. (21; 80) CARL: A rural post office given the Christian name of the first post­ master, Carl Thompson, was established May 13, 1907; discontinued June 30,1922 and mail sent to Almont. (80)

CARSON: The original village with a post office established Aug. 11, 1902 with David Peterson, postmaster, was a mile south of the present site, locally referred to now as OLD CARSON. Townsite officials coined the name from the syllable of Carter and the last syllable of Pederson, in honor of pioneer business men, Frank Carter, and the Pederson brothers, David and Simon, who with others, believed that the railroad would come through at a point two miles north and here North Carson was founded in 1907. When the railroad was built in 1910, it passed almost exactly midway between the two towns. Soon after, both towns moved to the present townsite on the railroad, re­ taining the name Carson. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; The Carson Press, Aug. 1925; 80) DOGTOOTH: See RALEIGH.

ELGIN: The village was first known as SHANLEY, a name that sug­ gests John Shanley, Bishop of the Diocese of Fargo, 1889-1909. The connection, however, is not vouched for. Both "time" and circum­ stances figured in the renaming of the town when The Milwaukee Road came through in 1910, because of its similarity to Stanley. Finally, the people of Shanley met to discuss new names, one citizen looked at his Elgin watch, and weary with the deliberations so long in progress, proposed its trade name and it was adopted, thus giving the Milwaukee R;R., both an Elgin, 111., and an Elgin, N. Dak The station telegraph call is still "SY." The Elgin post office was established Aug. 11, 1910, with Julius Heil, postmaster. (45, March, 1950; 38, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 8; 73; 80) ELM: A rural post office a few miles west of Leith established Feb. 10, 1904 with Henry Heil, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 20, 1907. Ori­ gin of name not known. (80)

ESTHER: An inland post office a few miles southeast of Three Buttes established June 8, 1907 with George D. Miles, postmaster; discontin­ ued Aug. 18, 1911. Origin of the name not known. (80) 128 FLEAK: A rural post office just north of Coffin Butte established in the home of the postmaster, Jennie Fleak, March 30, 1904; discon­ tinued Nov. 30, 1921 and mail sent to Pretty Rock. (80) FREDA: Previous to the building of the Milwaukee R.R., the post of­ fice established here May 18, 1906, was named PEARCE for the first postmaster, Asa L. Pearce. The station was named Freda by the rail­ road townsite officials for the daughter of a railroad official. It is also recorded to have been named for Freda Van Sickle, the daughter of the railroad construction crew foreman. The Freda post office was established Nov. 11, 1910. (The Milwaukee Road Magazine, March 1950; 76; 80) HEART: A rural post office in the northeastern section of the county, near the Heart River was established July 6, 1905 with Anton Johnson, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 31, 1911 and mail sent to Carl. (80) HEIL: A post office established May 13, 1910 with Mike C. Rausch, postmaster, was originally named LAWTHER for William Lawther, who established it on his land. William Heil, a real estate dealer and storekeeper acquired the land the following year and platted a town- site named Heil. The post office name was changed to Heil, May 12, 1911 and Joseph Schafer appointed postmaster. (57; 73; 76; 80) HOWE: A post office established on a ranch bordering the South Fork of the Cannon Ball River in the southeast corner of the county, June 16,1900 with Alphonso Thompson, postmaster; discontinued June 30,1916 and mail sent to Morristown, S. D. Origin of name not known. (80) INKA: See BIG STONE CITY. JANESBURG: A rural post office in the center of the county near the North Fork of the Cannon Ball River was established Dec. 13, 1894, in the home of Henry Comfort, postmaster; discontinued June 1, 1896. It was re-established Nov. 21, 1906 with Mary L. Clark, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 11, 1919 and mail sent to Leith. Origin of its name not known. (80) KAISER: See KARY. KARY: Originally named KAISER for William Kaiser, local farmer often called "Kaiser Bill," when the post office was established Feb. 20, 1911 with Charles H. Davidson, postmaster; discontinued June 20, 1919. Origin of the name Kary unknown. (80) LARK: This was a rural post office named LARKEE, when it was established near Louise Creek in the eastern part of the county on July 26,1906; named for Hiram D. Larkee, the first settler in this area. 129 The Northern Pacific R.R. reached here and established a siding in 1910, the Chase Lumber Company in anticipation of this had the town- site surveyed and platted the year previous and erected an elevator and lumber yard. When it became a townsite the name was shortened to LARK. (10, p. 762; 73; 76; 80) LARKEE: See LARK.

LAWTHER: See HEIL. LEIPZIG: A rural post office near Antelope Butte established Sept. 19, 1896 with Michael Nuss, postmaster; discontinued July 31, 1915 and mail sent to Elgin. The Russo-German settlers named it for Leipzig in their homeland. (7, p. 230; 80) LEITH: This Milwaukee R.R. townsite was named by a townsite pro­ moter for his former home Leith, Scotland. The post office was es­ tablished Aug. 24, 1910 with Elmer E. Carter, postmaster; discontin­ ued Sept. 30, 1916. (7, p. 231; 80) MINER: An inland post office in the southeast portion of the county established Dec. 2, 1908 with John G. Striegel, postmaster; discontin­ ued May 15, 1916 and mail sent to Pretty Rock. Origin of name not known. (80)

NEW LEIPZIG: In Sept. 1910, when the N.P.R.R. was constructed 11 miles southwest of the inland post office of Leipzig, Russo-German settlers from the Leipzig area moved to the railroad and established a station naming it New Leipzig to preserve the name of their home­ land city of Leipzig, Germany. M. C. Rausch was appointed the first postmaster. (7, p. 230; 57; 73)

NOEL: A rural post office in the central portion of the county es­ tablished April 20, 1901 with Jessie W. Harper, postmaster; discontin­ ued Jan. 8, 1912 and mail sent to Carson. Origin of name not known. (80) NORTH CARSON: See CARSON- ODESSA: Originally this post office near the western boundary of the county was named BIRDSELL when it was established Oct. 22, 1910 with Emanuel Arhom, postmaster; but the name was changed to ODESSA, March 1, 1915 when William L. Martin was appointed post­ master. It was named for the city in S. W. Ukraine. The post office was discontinued Dec. 31, 1926 and mail sent to New Leipzig. The ori­ gin of the name Birdsell not known. (80)

OLD CARSON: See CARSON. 130 OTTERBERG: A rural post office in the southern part of the county established Dec. 16, 1915 with Nettie Otterberg, postmaster; discontin­ ued Dec. 15, 1919 and mail sent to Pretty Rock. (80) PARADISE: A rural post office on the South Fork of the Cannon Ball established May 3, 1907 with George W. Wiese, postmaster; dis­ continued May 24, 1917. Origin of the name not known. (80) PEARCE: See FREDA- PRETTY ROCK: A post office established May 13, 1907 in the home of the postmaster, John T. Whitehead; named for nearby Pretty Rock Butte; discontinued recently. (76; 80) RALEIGH: Originated as the DOG TOOTH Post Office and stage stop on the Bismarck-Deadwood trail during the Black Hills gold rush from 1876 to 1884. It was named for the bordering range of sandstone buttes. From a distance to the east these stony peaks look like the molars of a dog's lower jaw. The post office was discontinued when the railroad reached here and re-established Oct. 1, 1910 as Raleigh with Charles C. Leonard, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 15, 1914. The name Raleigh has no local significance (7, p. 232; 76; 80) SAINT JOSEPH: A rural post office near Heart Butte established May 13, 1907 with Frank W. McDonald, postmaster; discontinued March 31, 1919 and mail sent to Glen Ullin. It was named for a rural parish church in this area. (4/23/60, Fr. Benedict Pfaller, OSB, Assumption Abbey, Richardton, N. Dak.; 80) SANDERS: An inland post office near the center of the county es­ tablished Aug. 27, 1907 with Charles B. Sanders, postmaster; discon­ tinued Feb. 28, 1911, and mail sent to Elm. (80) SCHALLER: A rural post office established Aug. 27, 1907 in the home of the postmaster, John C. Schaller; discontinued Dec. 31, 1921 and mail sent a few miles east to Shields. (80) SELMA: In the extreme southwest corner of the county on the Can­ non Ball River a rural post office was established May 27, 1907 with Frank Schroder, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 31, 1913 and mail sent to Pretty Rock. Origin of name not known. (80) SHANLEY: See ELGIN.

SHIELDS: A post office was established in Sec. 18, about one and one- half miles northeast of the present site Sept. 16, 1896 in the ranch home of Nathaniel J. Shields with his wife Mary, postmaster. Two years later it was moved to the Murphy Store on the Cannon Ball River where the store proprietor, J. M. Murphy served as postmaster until 131 1909, when H. E. Fleming bought the store and took over the post of­ fice. In the fall of 1910, the store and post office were moved to the present railroad location. Shields post office was discontinued April 20, 1921 and mail sent to Raleigh. (19, vol. 21, no. 3, p. 120-3; 57; 76; 80) STEBBINS: A short-lived rural post office in the southwestern part of the county on the North Fork of the Cannon Ball River established July 18,1907 in the ranch home of the postmaster, Ella B. Stebbins. (80) THAIN: A railroad loading station a few miles east of Carson named for P. A. Thain, valuation officer for the N.P.R.R. at the time it was established. (10, p. 790) WADE: A post office established two miles above the mouth of Cedar Creek Jan. 15, 1898 in the home of the postmaster, William V. Wade, owner of Anchor Ranch. Wade came to this Cannon Ball River area in 1872 and resided here for 55 years. He was one of the 42 men who helped build the Standing Rock Indian Agency at Fort Yates, encount­ ering many hardships and incidents with the Indians. The Wade post office was discontinued Oct. 30, 1920 and mail sent to Shields. (10, p. 792, 19, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 74; 31, vol. 1, p. 509) WORMS: A rural post office established Jan. 16, 1906, with Jacob Haring, postmaster; discontinued May 3, 1914, and mail sent to Saint Joseph. Origin of the name not known. (80) YELLOW BANK: A rural post office established Feb. 7, 1878 with Levi A. Card, postmaster. Long since discontinued. The location and the origin of the name not known. (80)

GRIGGS COUNTY BINFORD: In 1877, a group of settlers from Blooming Prairie, Minn., laid the basis for a settlement on Sec. 8, Addie Twp., which they named BLOOMING PRAIRIE. In 1899 the Northern Pacific R.R. townsite officials renamed it Binford for J. R. Binford, attorney and local rep­ resentative of the land company that owned the townsite. He also established and operated the first mercantile business here. The post office was established Nov. 17, 1899 with Oscar A. Greenbaum, post­ master. (33, p. 29; 80) BLOOMING PRAIRIE: See BINFORD. CAMP ATCHESON: When Gen. Henry H. Sibley military expedi­ tion against the Sioux was on its way to the Devils Lake area they es­ tablished a base camp July 18,1863 on the northeast shore of Lake Sib- 132 ley — and southwest of Lake Jessie. It was named for Capt. Charles B. Atcheson, aid-de-camp on the staff of Major Gen. John Pope, Dept. of the Northwest, temporarily attached to Sibley's Staff. Traces of the trenches and breastworks of the camp remain to mark the historic spot. (7, p. 310; 10, p. 730; 19, vol. 13, no. 1&2, p. 90) CAMP POPE: Members of the Sibley expedition encamped on the NE corner of Sec. 5-145-59 in Aug., 1863, on their return to Minnesota after driving the Sioux west of the Missouri River. The camp was named for Capt. Douglas Pope of Sibley's staff. (7, p. 308; 19, vol. 13, no. 1 & 2, p. 80; 31, p. 590) COOPERSTOWN: Both the township and village were named for Rollin C. Cooper, who with his brother, Thomas, Jr., flush with profits of stock growing and successful mining ventures in Colorado, arrived in this vicinity in 1880 and became bonanza farmers of 14,000 acres of land and owners of the townsite on Sec. 24, which they established in 1881. To promote the building of the town, the Cooperstown Town- site Co. was formed in 1882, the town plat was filed Oct. 26 of that year and was designated as the county seat 12 days later. Cooperstown's post office was established Dec. 28, 1882, with George W. Barnard, postmaster. The village incorporated Aug. 23, 1892; incorporated as a city Nov. 6, 1906. The Sanborn, Cooperstown and Turtle Mountain R.R. (now the Northern Pacific) was projected by the Cooper Bros, in 1882 and in the summer of 1883 was completed to Cooperstown. The road was later purchased and made a branch of the Northern Pacific. Rollin C. Cooper was a member of the North Dakota legislature in 1895. (11, p. 210; 38, vol. 3, no. 9, p. 169; 68, p. 9; 80) COTTONWOOD: Originally named WILLOW for the trees that grew there. This was a settlement on Sec. 16-148-60 east of Red Willow Lake, where a post office was established Jan. 4, 1883, with Harry Clarke, postmaster. There were more Cottonwood trees there than Willow, so the name was changed to Cottonwood on July 7, 1892, and Torger Torgerson commissioned postmaster. The post office was discontinued Jan. 2,1900, and mail sent to Jessie. (68, p. 16; 76; 80)

FAIRVIEW: See KARNAK.

GALLATIN: An important pioneer post office established Oct. 24, 1881, on Sec. 24-145-58, on the north bank of the Sheyenne River, near the Griggs - Steele county line, with John H. Atchison as postmaster; discontinued July 14, 1905 and mail sent to Cooperstown. Thought to be named by the postmaster for Gallatin County in southeast Illinois. (10, p. 744; 11, p. 242; 38, vol. 3, no. 8, p. 169; 80) 133 HANNAFORD: Originally named MONTCLAIR, which was named for its township. It is a composite name — the last syllable of Sinclair and (mont) for (hill). The Sinclairs, Archibald, Duncan and Daniel, were early settlers in the Bald Hill Creek area. The post office was established July 11, 1882, with Archibald Sinclair, postmaster. When the Northern Pacific R.R. reached this townsite on Sec. 20-145-60 in 1883, it was renamed Hannaford for Jules M. Hannaford, who at that time was the general freight agent of the railroad and later became president of the company. The townsite, owned by Andrew Langdon, Buffalo, N. Y., was platted by Reuben C. Brophy, who was commis­ sioned the first postmaster of Hannaford Nov. 20, 1886. He erected the first residence and' the first store which he operated. The village incorporated in 1906. (38, vol. 3, no. 9, p. 172; 68, p. 50; 76; 80)

HELENA: An early day rural post office established on the NE]/j, Sec. 29-145-60, Nov. 21, 1882, and named for the wife of the first post­ master, Peter Fiero. It was discontinued Dec. 15, 1912, and mail sent to Hannaford. (76; 80)

JESS: See JESSIE.

JESSIE: A post office named JESS had been established at the home of William T. McCullough near the southeast shore of Lake Jessie on Oct. 14, 1884, but with the extension of the railroad from Cooperstown to McHenry County in 1889, the post office was moved to the railroad townsite on Sec. 19, Tyrol Twp., and renamed Jessie for Lake Jessie. Wilson J. Humimer was then commissioned postmaster. The lake was named by Lt. John C. Fremont of the Nicollet - Fremont expedition for his fiance, Jessie Benton, whom he married in 1881. The heavy growth of timber and the fine spring at the west end of the lake, made it a landmark for travelers and explorers of this region. (80)

KARNAK: Settlement began in 1910. On April 10,1912, the townsite owned by the Luverne Land Co. was filed under the name of FAIR- VIEW; suggested by the pleasant view of the Sheyenne River Valley so plainly visible from there. But the Great Northern R.R. had an­ other station in the state by that name, and the name was changed to Karnak by the railroad officials on Nov. 20, 1912, the name of a town in Illinois, chosen at random from the files of the engineering depart­ ment. The post office was established Feb. 27, 1913, with John J. Hogness, postmaster. (68, p. 56; 76; 80)

LEWIS: See MOSE.

LEWIS SIDING: See MOSE. 134 LOVELL: This Northern Pacific Rwy. station was established on Sec. 3, Cooperstown Twp., and the siding built in 1899. The railroad official named it for Alfred Lovell, Supt. of Motive Power for the road at one time. (68, p. 57; 76) MARDELL: Platted on Sec. 13 of Washburn Twp. on the east bank of the Sheyenne River in May, 1882, by Samuel R. Reynolds. The name was selected by Richard P. Sherman and his brother, owners of the townsite, who gave it a contraction of a descriptive name "Marvelous Dell." The post office was established April 3, 1892, with Theodore F. Kerr, postmaster. It became an important rural post office situated as it was on the Griggs - Steele county line. The railroad failed to come — instead it was built into Hope and Cooperstown; the platted townsite did not develop; the post office was discontinued Dec. 20,1899, and mail sent to Pickert. Mardell faded into a ghost town in an un­ marked field many years ago. (10, p. 761; 38, vol. 3, no. 8, p. 169: 68. D. 56; 76; 80) MONTCLAIR: See HANNAFORD. MOSE: The townsite on Sec. 4, Bryon Twp., was named by Oscar Greenland; and surveyed and the plat filed Sept. 15, 1903, as LEWIS, also called LEWIS SIDING. It was named for E. W. Lewis, Northern Pacific R.R. employee. The post office was established Oct. 31, 1903, with Knudt K. Alfstad, postmaster. There was another station on the N.P.R.R. named Lewis, so the name Florence was selected, but it, too, had a duplicate. Finally the name Mose was officially given the post office Aug. 21, 1904. It was the local nickname of Morris Greenland, a relative of the townsite surveyor, who was then employed in the lumberyard. By 1956 it became a ghost town. (68, p. 57; 73; 80) OTTOWA: A rural post office established on Sec. 24-148-59 May 7, ] 882, with Isaac E. Mills, postmaster; discontinued July 30, 1892. N. C. Rukke is credited with establishing and naming it for Ottowa, Minn. He was one of the first settlers in Pilot Mound Twp. and one of the first county commissioners. (1, p. 221; 68, p. 15; 80) PLEASANT VIEW: A rural post office established in the hill-top home of the postmaster, William G, Grasser, on June 21, 1898. The view from there suggested the name. The post office was discontinued July 21, 1906, and mail sent to Courtney. (76; 80) REVERE: Established in 1910 when the G.N.R.R. planned the Fargo - Surrey cut-off. The railroad reached Revere on May 18, 1912. The plat was filed by Revere - Sutton Realty Co. The post office was es­ tablished May 6, 1913, with Cromwell W. Broom as postmaster. The town was named for a Mr. Revere, an easterner, who probably was 135 connected with the Revere-Sutton Realty Co., that bought considerable property in the vicinity. (67, p. 57) ROMNESS: A rural post office established on Sec. 16-147-59 Nov. 21, 1883, with Peter Mathison, postmaster; named for its township which was named by Mathison for his wife's birthplace — Romness, Telle- marker, Norway. John Hogenson and Peter Mathison were among the first settlers here in 1880 along the banks of the Sheyenne River. The post office was discontinued May 5, 1903, and mail sent to Cooperstown. (68, p. 15; 76; 80) SHEPARD: In 1901, a N.P.R.R. station was established and a siding constructed in Bald Hill Twp., named by the railroad officials for Finley Shepard, a secretary to J. W. Kendrick, general manager of the N.P. at that time in St. Paul, Minn. (68, p. 57; 73) SUTTON: First settled in the spring of 1910; town plat filed June 29, 1910; named for John Sutton, a farmer who lived four miles northwest of the townsite in Mabel Twp. and lodged the Great Northern R.R. surveyors, who were unable to obtain boarding accommodations at the newly established town. In appreciation of his hospitality, they named the townsite for him. The railroad reached Sutton May 22, 1912. The post office was established Jan. 6, 1913, with Proeter W. Rice, postmaster. (68, p. 57; 76; 80) WALUM: This Northern Pacific R.R. station and siding were estab­ lished in Sept., 1902, on Sees. 29 and 30, Greenfield Twp., and the town- site named for Martinius O. Wallum, a pioneer and prosperous land owner, who lived adjacent to it. There was objection to the spelling of the name Wallum and it was changed to Walum. The post office was established Nov. 7, 1904, with Martin J. Massing, postmaster. Walum was platted in 1905. (68, p. 56; 73; 80) WEST PRAIRIE: A pioneer settlement in the northern end of the county; named for the church, which marks the location of the prairie west of the Sheyenne River. (68, p. 15) WILLOWS: See COTTONWOOD.

HETTINGER COUNTY ACKLIN: A rural post office established Nov. 15, 1907 with A. Acklin, postmaster; discontinued June 30, 1909. Location not known. (80) ALDEN: Settlers from Alden, Polk County, named the post office and its township for their former home. - The post office 136 was established Nov. 5, 1906 in the home of the postmaster, John A. Lein on NE*4 Sec. 14; discontinued July 31, 1917 and mail sent to Regent. (80) ALTON: See BURT.

BENTLEY: A railroad station established in Sec. 13 of Cannon Ball Twp. named for Arthur A. Bentley, townsite owner, agent, a well- known merchant, banker and financial leader in this part of the state. The post office was established here in 1910 with Corta Heirs, post­ master. (45, Nov. 1950; 80) BURT: This post office established April 27, 1910 in Sec. 6, Cannon Ball Twp., was originally named ALTON. Origin of the name not definitely known. The N.P.R.R. officials renamed it BURT, Sept. 17, 1910 for A. M. Burt, Supt. of the Dakota Division of the railroad. It is thought Alton may have been his given name. (7, p. 230; 80) CHASE: A post office named for O. S. Chase, an early local rancher was established four miles west of Mott in the farm home of the postmaster, Charles Mutchelkaus on Jan. 19, 1901; discontinued Sept. 17,1904 and mail sent to Mott. (77, pp. 6, 42; 80) CHURCH: A settlement in Sec. 25, Acme Twp. named for the Church family of seven brothers: Forrest, James, George, Wm. H., Chas. E., Oliver L., and Lester; settlers there in 1905. A post office was estab­ lished here July 27, 1912 with Wm. M. Hendricks, postmaster; dis­ continued Sept. 15, 1917 and mail sent to Mott. (80) COALBANK: A settlement in the central part of the county that grew around a coal mine was given this geographic name, which is descriptive of the banks of lignite coal outcropping the hills in this area. (10, p. 734) COAL CITY: See HAVELOCK. EDTON: In 1906 Mons J. Nelson opened up a store in his home, three miles north of Alden in which he established a post office Nov. 15, 1907. The N.P.R.R. surveyed and bought a right-of-way westward from here and planned to have a siding at Edton but plans were abandoned when Regent was established in 1910 and the Edton post office was discontinued Dec. 31, 1911. Origin of the name not known. (80) GRABER: An inland post office north of Black Butte on the south bank of Thirty Mile Creek was established Nov. 30, 1907 with Mary E. Gray, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 15, 1914. It was named for B. H. and John A. Graeber, well-known farmers near Regent, although the spelling is different. (80) 137 GROAT: An inland post office established Sept. 19, 1891 with Lillian E. Howe, postmaster; rescinded Nov. 4, 1892 and mail sent to New England. Supposedly named for P. B. Groat, general immigration agent of the N.P.R.R. who had located many settlers in this area. (38, vol. 7, no. 3, p. 18; 80) HAVELOCK: Originally named COAL CITY for the lignite mined and sold here. A post office was established here Aug. 1909 with E. W. Adams, postmaster. The mail was brought daily by team and buggy from New England. The name was changed to HAVELOCK June 24, 1910 and Fred R. Hunter appointed postmaster. It was named for an English nobleman, a stockholder in the Milwaukee R.R. (7, p. 229; 80) HQOSIER: Wm. M. Hendricks, a "Hoosier" from the state of Indiana, established a post office near Church, Aug. 16, 1906 which never oper­ ated and was rescinded Sept. 14, 1906. (80) HORSWILL: Inland, near the center of the county, a post office was established Sept. 9, 1905 in the Horswill home with Nancy Horswill, postmaster; discontinued May 21, 1910 and mail sent to Regent. (80) HOWSER: A rural post office established Oct. 3, 1906 with Orville Williams, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 15, 1909. No other data available. (80) INEZ: No data available. KENNEDY: About 1908 William H. Kennedy erected and operated a store on his homestead in the southeast corner of the county which was on the Star mail route from Reeder. A post office was established here July 15, 1908 and he was appointed postmaster. The post office was discontinued Nov. 30, 1915 and mail sent to Reeder. The town­ ship was organized March 1,1909 and also named for Kennedy. (77; 80) MAYFLOWER: See NEW ENGLAND. MAYNARD: A short-lived rural post office on the C. J. Grave farm, which he named for his former home town in Middlesex County, Mass.; date and location not known. MILLIZEN: A rural post office established March 14, 1908 with H. M. Millizen, postmaster; no other data available. (80) MOTT: Named for C. W. Mott, St. Paul, Minn., general emigration agent of the N.P.R.R., and as a civil engineer made surveys in this territory. In 1904, the townsite was selected, promoted and platted by the Wm. H. Brown Land Co., realtors of Chicago, 111. Mott is the terminal of this railway branch. The post office was established with 138 Caroline Wilcox, postmaster, soon after the town was founded. The townsite was replatted in April, 1907; incorporated as a village Oct. 27, 1910; chartered as a city Jan. 5, 1928. (45; 38, vol. 1, no. 12, p. 14; 77, p. 81) NEW ENGLAND: Originally given the reminiscent name of MAY­ FLOWER by its first residents who came from the New England states, mainly Vermont and Massachusetts. The New England Colony Asso­ ciation, headed by Thomas W. Bicknell, a group of 50 families arrived in April, 1887, at a point on Philbrick Creek and founded the first town in the county. This pioneer town was organized June 13, 1887 and the streets laid out by plowing furrows in the prairie sod. The post office was established Aug. 26, 1887 with Frank H. Clark, post­ master. On Sept. 16, 1887 the name was changed to NEW ENGLAND CITY. June 8, 1894, the name was shortened to NEW ENGLAND. The CM. & St. P. R.R. reached here in 1911. (7, p. 229; 67, sec. 11, p. 6; 77, p. 81; 80) OPGRAND: A post office was .established May 13, 1907 in the farm home of Arnt Opgrand, postmaster. No other data available. (80) REGENT: Established in Oct. 1910; A. B. Switzer was appointed post­ master; incorporated as a village in July, 1911. It was named by the railroad townsite officials in anticipation of its becoming the "Queen City" and the county seat, because it was more centrally located than Mott which was designated county'seat in 1907. Mott retains that distinction. (7, p. 232; 76; 77, p. 81) ROSENFELD: See WILLA. SCHULTZ: A rural post office established Oct. 2, 1905 in the home of the postmaster, C. E. Schultz; long since discontinued. (80) STANWICK: A siding and loading station on the CM. & St. P. R.R. in Sec. 26 of Farina Twp. Origin of name not known. THIRTYMILE: A railroad spur of the N.P.R.R. a few miles east of Mott, named for Thirty Mile Creek which crosses the northeast corner of the county. WATROUS: A loading station on the CM. & St. P. R.R. in Sec. 24, Brittian Twp., named for the Watrous Fire Engine Mfg. Co. WILLA: An inland post office near Camel Butte in the northeast corner of the county established May 23, 1906 with Juliana Muller, postmaster and originally named ROSENFELD. On March 16, 1907 the name was changed to WILLA. Origin of the names not known. (80) 139 KIDDER COUNTY BOSTONIA: A rural post office in Sec. 30, Stewart Twp., established Feb. 8, 1908, in the home of the postmaster, Theodore A. Stramblad, who named it reminiscent of Boston, Mass., his former home. The post office was discontinued Aug. 30, 1913, and mail sent to Tuttle. (80)

BUNKER: A rural post office named for its township, established in the home of the postmaster, Mrs. (Byron W.) Isabella Dexter, in Sec. 4; discontinued in 1917. Origin of the township name is not known.

CAMP GRASSICK: A children's summer camp on the shores of Lake Isabel, five miles south from Dawson; originally operated by the North Dakota Tuberculosis Assn., and named for Dr. J. Grassick, a pioneer Grand Forks physician. In 1947 the camp was acquired by the State Elks Assn., and is operated by the Division of Child Welware Board for handicapped and underprivileged children. (7, p. 286; 20, p. 273) CARLSON: See CARLSONDALE.

CARLSONDALE: A rural post office originally named CARLSON, established Feb. 5, 1910, in Sec. 34, Stewart Twp., in the home of the postmaster, Alarik W. Carlson. The name was changed to Carlsondale, Oct. 27, 1910. The post office was discontinued Dec. 31, 1912, and mail sent to Moyersville on the mail route to Steele. (80)

CRYSTAL SPRINGS: Named by General H. H. Sibley's expedition party, when they camped in the present Sees. 12-13 of Crystal Springs Twp. during July in 1863 and discovered the numerous springs that filled the lakes in that vicinity. The Northern Pacific R.R. siding was constructed in 1873 at the east end of Crystal Lake, which is filled by these neighboring crystal clear springs. A settlement grew about this railroad siding and a post office was established here May 28, 1884, with Augustus C. Sheldon, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 25, 1889, and mail sent to Tappen. It was soon reestablished and is still operating. (7, 285; 73; 80) DAWSON: In 1873, the Northern Pacific constructed a siding and loading platform in Sec. 10 of Sibley Twp., which was known as THIR­ TEENTH SIDING until Feb., 1881, when the town of DAWSON was established by and named for J. Dawson Thompson, pioneer farmer and banker. The townsite was surveyed by Edward H. Foster in Sees. 10 and 15. Irving E. Philleo operated the first general mer­ chandise store in which the post office was established Oct. 14, 1881, and he was appointed postmaster. Dawson incorporated as a village in 1917. (7, p. 286; 11, p. 191; 73; 76; 80) 140 DELL: A short-lived rural post office established May 27, 1907, in the home of Martha Dell, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 7, 1907. Its loca­ tion is not known. (80) DcMQRES: A rural post office established Aug. 6, 1884, with Robert B. Burslem, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 15, 1887, and mail sent to Steele. This post office was in Chestina Twp., on land owned by Marquis DeMores of Medora fame, who had extensive land holdings in this area, which he bought from the Northern Pacific R. R. Co. (12/8/59 Arie M. Smith, Steele, N. D.; 80) DEXTER: A rural post office during 1912 was established in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Byron W. Dexter in Sec. 4, Belden Twp., later named Bunker Twp. Mrs. Dexter was appointed postmaster. Mail was dis­ tributed through the Dawson post office with T. T. Eastburn as carrier. The post office was of short duration, for the country side was soon settled and cars became numerous for transportation. FIFTEENTH SIDING: See GENEVA. FOURTEENTH SIDING: See STEELE. FRETTIM: A post office was established Oct. 24, 1904, on the SW^/j, Sec. 20 of Frettim Twp., in the farm home of the postmaster, Hans A. Frettim, for whom the township and post office were named. The post office was discontinued April 30, 1913, and mail sent to Robinson. (80) GENEVA: A siding on the N.P.R.R. on Sec. 19, Pleasant Hill Twp., seven miles west of Steele was constructed in 1873 and known as Fifteenth Siding. The name was changed to Geneva sometime be­ tween Feb. 1 and July 1, 1882, evidently for Geneva, N. Y., which was named for Geneva, Switzerland. (73) GROUSE: See SIFTON. HASSELBROCK: A post office established March 8, 1886, in the farm home of the postmaster, George Hasselbrock; discontinued Dec. 5, 1887, and mail sent to Steele. (80) HEFFERMAN: A rural post office established in Sec. 8, Clear Lake Twp., April 10, 1909, with James E. Hefferman, postmaster; discon­ tinued Dec. 31, 1911, and mail sent to Steele. (80) HINGER: An inland post office established May 22, 1907, in the home of the postmaster, William Hinger; discontinued Aug. 31, 1909. (80) LADOGA: A Northern Pacific R. R. station established in 1905 on Sec. 7 in Crystal Springs Twp., four miles west of the railroad station of Crystal Springs. It was named by Mrs. A. M. Burt, wife of the 141 superintendent of the Dakota Division of the N. P. Rwy., for Lake Ladoga, which lies partly in Russia and partly in Finland. At this station, there are traces of a large lake believed to have existed 2,000 years ago. (73) LAKE WILLIAMS: A siding and loading station on the Pingree- Wilton N. P. branch line, constructed in 1915 near Lake Williams on Sec. 12, Lake Williams Twp., was known as Williams Siding. The town that grew around it was named Williams, until the name was changed to Lake Williams when the post office was established here Aug. 9, 1916, with Martha Cook, postmaster. The lake was named for Jeremiah D. Williams, an early local settler. Another record states the town was named for the founder, Joseph Molesworth Williams. (73; 76; 80) LAMOINE: A rural post office established June 3, 1907, on Sec. 21 of Northwest Twp., with Emma V. Virgin, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 31,1916, and mail sent to Tuttle. Origin of name is not known. (80) LANGEDAHL: A post office established March 22, 1888, in the farm home of the postmaster, Lars S. Langedahl on the SW'/j Sec. 12 of Chestina Twp.; discontinued Dec. 31, 1915, and mail sent to Tuttle. McQUIRE: A rural post office established May 10, 1884, in the home of the postmaster, William A. McQuire, long since discontinued. (80) MOYERSVILLE: A post office in Sec. 20, Arlington Twp., now At- wood Twp., established in the farm home of the postmaster, Leonard S. Moyer, Jan. 16, 1901; discontinued about 1915 and mail sent to Tuttle. (80) MULBERRY: A rural post office established in Sec. 26, Kickapoo Twp., Oct. 26, 1908, with William I. Stipher, postmaster; discontinued May 15, 1912, and mail sent to Moyersville. Named by the local set­ tlers from Mulberry, Ind. (80) NELLIE: A rural post office in the western part of the county estab­ lished Feb. 27, 1905, with Levi F. Carlson, postmaster; discontinued April 30, 1917, and mail sent to Steele. Origin of the name is not known. (80) NELSON: A post office established Sept. 13, 1904, in the farm home of the postmaster, Berndt Nelson, in Sec. 32, Union Twp., now Lake Williams Twp.; discontinued Aug. 15, 1912, and mail sent to Bowden, Wells County; reestablished, then discontinued in 1934. (12/5/59 Arie M. Smith, Steele, N. D.; 80) PETERS: A post office established March 8, 1886, in the farm home of the postmaster, Richard C. Peters; discontinued May 25, 1957. 142 PETTIBONE: This Northern Pacific R. R. station was established in March, 1910, in Sec. 14 of its township which was named for Lee C. Pettibone, an 1882 pioneer farmer in this area and leading promoter of the Slope Realty Co., and Dawson business man, from whom the railroad acquired the right-of-way. The post office was established Sept. 1, 1910, with John H. Grambs, postmaster. (73; 80) PORTNER: A rural post office established Nov. 22, 1916, with Isabell Dexter, postmaster; discontinued June 30, 1919, and mail sent to Daw­ son. This post office was named for and located on land once owned by S. B. Portner, who came from in 1884 and homesteaded land in the south part of Manning Twp. (80) PURSIAN: This rural post office was established two miles southeast of Pursian Lake in Sec. 22, Baker Twp., on March 13, 1905, with John Barta, postmaster and H. E. Easton was mail carrier. The post office was discontinued March 31, 1913, and mail sent to Kintyre. The near­ by lake was first named Pershing for F. C. Pershing, an early settler near Steele and the post office was to be given that name, but the one who submitted the name to the United States Postal Department mis­ spelled it, so the lake was renamed Pursian for the post office. (6/1/60 Mrs. Arie M. Smith, Steele, N. D.; 80) RANKIN: The first siding and loading station on the Northern Pacific R. R. about three miles west of Steele. Named for Dr. J. A. Rankin, who with Dr. J. W. Sifton were the N.P.B.A. surgeons at Jamestown, N. Dak. for a number of years. (73) ROBINSON: The post office in this townsite on the Northern Pacific Carrington branch line in Sec. 3 of Robinson Twp., was established May 13, 1911, with William F. Legler, postmaster. It was named, as was its township, for John F. Robinson, president of the First National Bank of Steele. (10, p. 783; 73; 80) ROUNDLAKE: A descriptive name of the lake in Sec. 1 of Pettibone Twp., near which the post office was established April 29, 1908, with Fannie L. Phelps, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 31, 1910, and mail sent to Gerber in Stutsman County. (80) SENDEUM: A rural post office established Feb. 7, 1883, with George W. Chase, postmaster; discontinued May 25, 1883, and mail sent to Tappen. Origin of the name not known. (80) SIFTON: A siding and loading station on the Northern Pacific R. Ii. four and one-half miles east of Steele, constructed in 1905. It was originally named GROUSE, commemorating the native game bird found in abundance in this area; renamed SIFTON Jan. 1, 1909, for Dr. J. W. Sifton, who with Dr. Rankin were the N.P.B.A. surgeons at Jamestown, N. Dak. for a number of years. (73) 143 STEELE: A Northern Pacific R. R. siding and loading station, con­ structed" in 1872, known as FOURTEENTH SIDING until the fall of 1881 when Col. Wilbur F. Steele platted a townsite on his land on Sees. 17 and 20, Woodlawn Twp., where a post office had been estab­ lished June 10, 1880, and he was appointed postmaster. Col. Steele was the first settler in the county, coming in the spring of 1877 from New York with capital to invest. He purchased from the railroad on June 30 of that year, all of Sec. 17-139-73; this and adjoining land acquired later, became known as the Steele Farm. He had a spur from the N.P.R.R. constructed to his brick plant one-half mile northeast of Steele. Col. Steele was appointed a county commissioner by Gov. Ordway in the spring of 1881 and when the commissioners met to organize, Steele, by ballot was designated the county seat. It was incorporated in the spring of 1883 by the territorial legislature. (7, p. 287; 11, p. 190; 64, p. 12; 80) TAPPEN: Originally named TROY FARM SIDING when this North­ ern Pacific R. R. siding and loading station was constructed in 1878 on Sees 9-10, Tappen Twp., of the Troy Farm; a bonanza farm of 10,240 acres operated by S. Tappen and John Van Dusen, both from Troy, N. Y. The name was changed to Tappen sometime after Nov. 1, 1881, for the Troy Farm Co-operator. The post office was established May 25, 1882, with Alfred Birchett, postmaster. Tappen incorporated as a village in 1909. (10, p. 789; 17; 73; 80) THIRTEENTH SIDING: See DAWSON. TROY FARM SIDING: See TAPPEN. TUTTLE: Named for W. C. Tuttle, land dealer of Chicago, 111., who resided in Dawson at the time this town was founded. The post office in this Northern Pacific R. R. station in Sec. 1, Norway Twp., now Tuttle Twp., was established May 12, 1911, with John L. Levi, post­ master. Tuttle incorporated as a village in 1916. (10, p. 79; 31; 73; 76; 80) WALLACE: Named for its township, a rural post office in Sec. 19, established Feb. 14, 1901, with Joseph W. Chinworth, postmaster. The township was named for Robert E. Wallace, who settled in this area in April, 1880. Four years later he was a Jamestown banker and a member of the Board of Directors of the James River Valley Rwy., then owned by local residents along its line from Jamestown to Oakes. The post office was discontinued Nov. 15,1905, and mail sent to Bowdon in Wells County. (11, p. 237; 19, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 57; 80) WILLIAMS: See LAKE WILLIAMS. WILLIAMS SIDING: See LAKE WILLIAMS. 144 WILSON: A post office established Dec. 18, 1906, in the farm home of William F. Wilson on Sec. 18, Lincoln Twp., now Robinson Twp.; discontinued Dec. 21, 1912, and mail sent to Robinson. (80)

LaMOURE COUNTY ADRIAN: Settlement began here in 1885 by Canadian and Michigan emigrants in anticipation of the construction of the Northern Pacific Ry. to this point. It was named the following year in June by J. N. Graham, superintendent of the railroad, for his former home, Adrian, Mich. The township was named for this town in Sees. 12 and 13. The post office was established Jan. 15, 1887, with James T. Bradway, post­ master, in his store. (10, vol. 13, no. 3; 73; 80) ALFRED: This village on Sec. 8, Glen Twp., was founded and pro­ moted by the townsite owner Richard Sykes, a titled Englishman, a real estate dealer and early rancher, who held large land interests in this area of the state. He named the village for the great Anglo- Saxon king of his homeland. It is noted that the streets of Alfred are named Stamford, Winchester, Warwick, Avon, etc. — all English names. The post office was established Sept. 8, 1904, with David W. Barr, postmaster, in the store he built in the fall of 1903 and operated. (33, p. 39; 73; 80) BENSON: Also known as "BENSON CORNERS". It was a shopping center that sprang up at the cross roads corner of Sees. 18 and 19 of Greenville Twp. on the homestead land on which Peter E. Benson filed in 1882. This settlement grew as the neighboring town of Gris- wold declined — with a church, store, blacksmith shop and residences. The post office was established Oct. 2, 1905, with Carl E. Dunham, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 15, 1909. The store operated until 1957. (6/20/59, George Cunningham, Washburn, N. D.; 80)

BERLIN: John Young, owner of this townsite on the Sl/2 Sec. 33-134-62, platted and named it for Berlin, Germany, to honor his father and other early German settlers of this locality. The post office was established Oct. 18, 1892, with John Young, postmaster. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 73; 80) COLBEN: A short-lived country post office near the center of the county established Feb. 6, 1902, with Irene McLeod, postmaster; dis­ continued Nov. 15, 1902, and mail sent to Dickey. Origin of name not known. (80) DEISEM: This village in Sec. 6, Nora Twp., was named by townsite officials for Christian S. Deisem, territorial merchant and politician, served in the legislature and also as North Dakota Railroad Commis­ sioner. He came to Dakota with the N. P. Ry. surveyors in 1871, and 145 was one of the first settlers in LaMoure County at Grand Rapids in 1875. On April 4, 1880, he rafted lumber down the James River from Jamestown and with A. E. Franks erected the first building here which they used for a dwelling and a store that Deisem operated. Arthur A. Bunker was appointed postmaster May 22, 1907. (6, p. 376; 33, p. 48; 73; 80) DICKEY: The post office at this point in Sec. 3, Roscoe Twp., was established Sept. 5, 1881, with E. Mansfield, postmaster and named SARATOGA by settlers from Saratoga, New York. Like its namesake, it has mineral springs. The name was changed to DICKEY, Oct. 28, 1884, with John C. Courtney, postmaster. Originally the townsite was part of Alfred Dickey's homestead along the James River and was known as DICKEY'S LANDING. Dickey County is also named for Al­ fred Dickey and his name is also linked with that of another early resi­ dent of Jamestown, Edward P. Wells, in the well-known firm of Wells Dickey Co. (21; 73; 76; 80) DICKEY'S LANDING: See DICKEY. EDGELEY: The first post office established here on the SE14 Sec. 33-134-64, June 16, 1884, with John B. Kesler, postmaster was named ST. GEORGE. The origin of the name is not known. On Nov. 16, 1886, it was renamed EDGELEY by Richard Sykes, townsite owner and promoter of agricultural and town interests, who named it for his birthplace, Edgeley Park, Stockport, Cheshire, England. At this time Sykes owned 4,500 acres of land in this part of Dakota Territory. Edgeley then was the meeting point of three railroads — a branch line of the Northern Pacific and a branch of the Milwaukee and the main line of the Midland Rwy. (1, p. 296; p. 40; 73; 76; 80) ELMO: See MARION. FLOYD: A rural post office established Oct. 26, 1899, in the home of the postmaster, James Withnell, on the south bank of Bone Hill Creek in Sec. 25-136-65; discontinued Aug. 31, 1911, and mail sent to the rail­ road station of Jud, a few miles southwest. Origin of name is not known. (80) FOX: See JUDD.

FRANKLIN: A Midland Continental Ry. loading station in Sec. 28, Glenmore Twp., named for Franklin, in Oakland County, Mich., by local settlers from there. GRAND RAPIDS: The first settlers here were mainly from Michigan and they named this town and several others in LaMoure' County for those in their home state. Grand Rapids, on the banks of the James 146 River near the center of the county, was platted in June, 1880, by E. P. Wells, pioneer banker, allied with the N. P. Ry. and Homer T. Elliott, land agent. It was the first organized town in the county and was designated the county seat Oct. 27, 1881, which it retained until it was removed to LaMoure in 1886. The post office was established June 17, 1880, with Homer T. Elliott, postmaster. There is a cataract in the James River at this point and in the early days was referred to as "The Rapids" and in time of low water it was known as "The Stepping Stones", which has confused many as to the origin of the name Grand Rapids. (6/2/59, George Cunningham, Washburn, N. Dak., former resident LaMoure Co.; 7, p. 306; 11, p. 202; 80) GRISWOLD: An inland shopping center in Sec. 11, Prairie Twp., near the source of Bear Creek where H. W. Griswold operated a store in which a post office was established May 24, 1886, with John M. Olson, postmaster. The post office was discontinued Oct. 15, 1909. In 1883, Griswold discovered particles of gold in the rocks along the Sheyenne River on his land in Ransom County, which caused an influx of gold- seekers to file on claims in that area, but it did not prove to be a profit­ able adventure and was soon abandoned. (History of LaMoure, May, 1957, by LaMoure Chronicle; 80) GUNTHROP: See JUD. HAMLET: A short-lived rural post office established March 2, 1911, in the home of the postmaster, William Haven, in the north central part of the county and named by him for Hamlet, N. Y.; discontinued Nov. 30, 1911, and mail sent to Adrian. (80) IBSEN: A post office established in the small country store of Knute Saeter in Fairfield Twp., on Feb. 20, 1899, with Necolaif B. Nilson, post­ master; discontinued Sept. 11, 1900, and mail sent to Verona. Named for Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian poet and dramatist. (80) INDEPENDENCE: In 1886, this railroad station in Sec. 11, LaMoure Twp., at the junction of the Northern Pacific and the Chicago & North­ western, was originally named VALLEY JUNCTION; then May 17, 1897, the name was changed to OAKES JUNCTION, and again on Nov. 20, 1919, to Independence by local settlers from Independence, Wise. There are, or have been, 27 other cities and towns in the United States with this name. A post office was established here April 26, 1910, with David Sorenson, postmaster; discontinued March 15, 1919, and mail sent to LaMoure. (73; 80) IONE: A rural post office in Sec. 1, Glenn Twp., on the Edwin Wood farm near the Stutsman County line, established Nov. 26, 1902, with Fred T. Wood, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 15, 1911, and mail sent to Alfred. Origin of name is not known. (80) 147 JUD: Originally this townsite on the NEVi, Sec. 7, Bluebird Twp., was named GUNTHROP for Charles Gunthrop, who operated a small trading post here in 1900 in which the post office was established. The Smith Land Co. promoted the townsite and platted it in 1904, and named it FOX for one of its associates, although the post office name was not changed. Julius Johnson was appointed postmaster on July 16, 1904, and he moved the post office into a tent where it remained for a few weeks until his store building, which was being erected, was completed. When the Northern Pacific Rwy. reached here in 1906, the townsite officials changed the name to JUD for Judson LaMoure, a prominent territorial settler and politician and for whom the county is named. The JUD post office was established Oct. 4, 1906, with Orcutt R. Bennett, postmaster. Jud incorporated as a village June 6, 1909. Jud is one of the eight place names in the state spelled with three letters. (10, p. 758; 73; 76; 80)

KULM: The Soo Line R. R. purchased this townsite of 106 acres and the right-of-way from J. Wesley Organ in 1891, which was part of his homestead in Sec. 26, Norden Twp. It was named to honor the local settlers from Kulm, Russia and Kulm, Germany. The post office was established Jan. 9, 1893, with Fred Buechler, postmaster and operator of the store in which it was housed. The post office was discontinued Oct. 11, 1895, and mail sent to LaMoure; then reestablished May 19, 1902, with George Finch, postmaster. Kulm was the terminus of this branch of the Soo Line from Oakes until 1898 when it was then ex­ tended westward. It incorporated as a city in 1906. (Kulm History Book, 1892-1957; 80) LAKEVIEW: The name is descriptive of the location of the post office established June 25, 1884, with John O. Baughman, postmaster in his home on the NE^/j, Sec. 35-133-62 in view of Cottonwood Lake. Mail came by carrier from LaMoure; discontinued Nov. 18, 1887. (History of LaMoure, May, 1957, by LaMoure Chronicle; 80) LaMOURE: Named for its county which was named for Judson LaMoure, noted pioneer, politician, business man and member of the territorial and state legislatures. Wells Dickey Co., a syndicate of bankers, railroad officials and business men, platted and named the toVnsite in Oct., 1882. The Fargo and Southern Branch of the N. P. Ry. reached here in Aug., 1883, and formed a junction with its Valley Line, from Jamestown to Oakes. The post office was established Dec. 13,1882, with Norris B. Wilkinson, postmaster. The first mail to arrive was on May 27, 1883. The town was built up on both sides of the James River but the bulk of it is on the east bank. West LaMoure was platted by F. B. Folsom, Fargo business man, but failed to develop. 148 The first building to be erected in LaMoure was a blacksmith shop by Fred Tucker. Christian S. Diesem, homesteader west of the townsite, was LaMoure's first merchant. In 1886, LaMoure was designated the county seat which had been at Grand Rapids since 1881. (19, p. 121; 33, pp. 7, 12, 39, 44; 73; 80) MARION: Platted on the homestead of Christian Baertch, Sec. 10, Sheridan Twp., by the N.P.R.R. townsite officials in Nov., 1900. Named by E. H. McHenry, chief engineer, in compliment to a daughter of Charles S. Mellon, president of the railroad at this time, when the branch line was being constructed from Casselton to the Marion vici­ nity which had been settled since the early 1880's. The first post office established here Jan. 19,1901, with Otto Dersch, postmaster, was named ELMO; origin of name is not known. Mail was brought from LaMoure by stage. The name was changed to Marion Nov. 26, 1902, and the post office established in Bomberg's Store, with Louis O. Berg, post­ master. The village incorporated in 1910. (10, p. 767; 62; 80) MATSON: See VERONA. MEDBERRY: A post office was established May 13, 1883, in the farm home of Harry M. Medberry on the NWl/j, Sec. 33, Wano Twp., with Hattie A. Medberry, postmaster; discontinued April 13, 1886, and mail sent to Edgeley. The N. P. Ry. established a station on the Medberry land and retained the name Medberry. The post office was reestab­ lished here Oct. 9, 1906, with William Sorrenson, postmaster. (33, p. 49; 73; 76; 80) NEWBURG: A descriptive name was given this rural community center in the southwest section of the county where a post office was established May 9,1888, with Erik Bjur, postmaster; discontinued April 9, 1892, and mail sent to Edgeley. (80) NORTONVILLE: Settlement began in 1912 on Sec. 28, Kennison Twp., and named for one of the founders of the Midland Continental Ry. The post office was established Feb. 8, 1913, with Edward With- nell, postmaster. (76; 80) OAKES JUNCTION: See INDEPENDENCE. RICHVILLE: A rural post office established in 1893 in the home of the postmaster, John Goehring, on Sec. 22-136-70; discontinued in 1907. Named for Richville, Mich. (80) RUSSELL: A rural post office named for Russell Root, an early bonanza farmer in this area and the grandfather of Guy O. Walters, in whose home the post office was established June 11, 1884, with Ella F. Walters, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 23, 1899, and mail sent to Dickey. (80) 149 SARATOGA: See DICKEY. STEIDL: In 1893, a rural post office was established by Joseph Steidl, Jr., in his home and was named by him for his father, Joseph Steidl, Sr.; discontinued in 1896. (80) ST. GEORGE: See EDGELEY. VALLEY JUNCTION: See INDEPENDENCE. VERONA: In 1883, the N. P. Ry. station established in Sec. 2, Ovid Twp., was named MATSON. Origin of the name not known. The name was changed because another town in the Dakotas had the same name. It is supposed the Postal Department selected the name Verona, which had no local significance, when the post office was established June 25, 1886, with James J. Stephens, postmaster. Another version as to the origin of the name •— it was named by a local settler for his former home, Verona, Mich. The village incorporated in 1905. (76; 80) WANO: A short-lived country post office in the midwestern part of the county, established Feb. 18, 1886, in the home of the postmaster, Wells Wano Wilcox; discontinued Sept. 25, 1886, and mail sent to Medberry. (76; 80) WEST LaMOURE: A townsite established directly across the James River from the townsite of LaMoure on the Chris A. Diesem and Al. E. Franks land, which was abandoned and buildings moved to LaMoure when the N. P. Ry. located its depot on that side of the river.

LOGAN COUNTY BEAVER LAKE: A Soo Line loading station on the SW^, Sec. 32- 134-71, a short distance SW of Beaver Lake. BELDEN: A rural post office established June 28, 1890 on Sec. 29- 136-70 in the home of the postmaster, Morris M. Creps; the name was changed to RICH VILLE, Feb. 25, 1892, with Michael R. Farrell, post­ master. Then on April 18, 1892, the name was changed back to Belden; discontinued March 13, 1906, and mail sent to Napoleon. The two ver­ sions of the origin of the name Belden — named for W. L. Belden, U. S. Indian agent at large for North Dakota •— named for Belden, Nebraska. Richville was named for Richville, Michigan, former home of local settlers. (80) BURNSTAD: Platted in 1905 on Sec. 29, Red Lake Twp. owned by Christ Burnstad, who was known as "The Logan County Cattle King of North Dakota." He once grazed as many as 5,000 cattle on 54 sec­ tions of land in Logan and adjoining counties. The post off ice. was 150 established at Burnstad, March 16, 1907 with Nellie Smith, postmaster. (20, p. 273; 80) DENEVITZ: See FREDONIA. FREDONIA: Founded in 1904 on Sec. 15, Fredonia Twp., when a store and. elevator were erected here. Originally named DENEVITZ for a town in Bessarabia, South Russia, the homeland district of many early settlers of this area. Renamed Fredonia at the suggestion of Supt. Derrick of the Missouri Division of the Soo Line Ry. This place name is a word signifying peace. The post office was established Feb. 1, 1905, with Danied Flaig, postmaster. The village organized in 1915. (10, p. 743; 80) FRYAR: A rural post office established March 25, 1897 in the home of the postmaster, Orson Fryar, Sec. 36-133-68; discontinued May 25, 1902 and mail sent to Kulm, in LaMoure County. (80) GACKLE: In 1903 George Gackle and George Elhard established a country store eight miles south of the present town of Gackle and when Elhard applied for a post office, he suggested it be named for his part­ ner. The post office named Gackle was established in the store on Jury 22, 1903 with George Elhard, postmaster. When the Streeter branch of the Northern Pacific was constructed through the county, these two partners staked a townsite on it and in the fall of 1904 moved the store and post office to the new railroad townsite, which adopted the name of the post office. George Gackle became an extensive farmer of 7,000 acres, owner of mammoth elevators and a dealer in furniture, hardware and farm machinery in Logan and several adjoining coun­ ties. (6, p. 482; 34, p. 62; 76; 80) GAGE CITY: The beginning of a townsite on Sec. 15, Kroeber Twp. No other data available. GUYSON: Founded in 1922 on the NWl/j. Sec. 34, Lautt Twp. Named by Alonza R. Welsh, one of the first local homesteaders, for his son, Guy. Platted in 1926 and an elevator with loading station on side track was completed and the Guyson Merc. Store erected in which the post office was established April 21, 1926 with Lester L. Meads, postmaster. (76; 80) KING: A rural post office on Sec. 19-134-69 supplied for a number of years from Lehr was established Aug. 24, 1889 in the home of the postmaster, Peter Koenig, who gave it his surname — in German trans­ lation means King. The post office was discontinued May 15, 1914. (10, p. 760; 80) MINISTER: A rural post office established April 26, 1904 in the home of Louis Larson. No other data available. (80) 151 NAPOLEON: In 1887 the Soo Line Ry. was completed from Aber­ deen through the Napoleon townsite to Bismarck. The year previous, the Napoleon Townsite Co. platted a townsite on Sec. 6-135-72 and named it for Napoleon Goodsill, Minneapolis, Minn., president of the company. The first business establishment was a store in 1886 oper­ ated jointly v/ith the newspaper office of The Napoleon Homestead, which is still published. Two pigeon holes in a desk served as boxes for the first post office established Sept. 7, 1886 with Walter M. Leon­ ard, postmaster, who was foreman of the newspaper. Napoleon was designated the county seat, and incorporated as a city in 1914. (7, p. 286; 76; 80) PAUL: A rural post office established June 2, 1884 in the home of the postmaster, James A. Weed, about three miles northeast of Na­ poleon. It was named by Mrs. Weed for St. Paul, Minn., her former home. Discontinued in 1886 when the Napoleon post office was es­ tablished. (80) PETERS: A loading station on the Soo Line Ry. on Sec. 11, Starkey Twp. No other data available. (80) RICHVILLE: See BELDEN. STEIDL: A rural post office established in Sec. 5-134-71 July 20, 1889 in the home of the postmaster, Joseph Steidl, Sr.; discontinued July 5, 1893; soon reestablished with Joseph Steidl, Jr., postmaster; dis­ continued in 1896 and mail sent to Napoleon. (80) WELCH: A post office established Oct. 4, 1904 in the farm home of Eunice D. Cline, postmaster; rescinded Jan. 25, 1905. No other data available. (80)

McHENRY COUNTY AMY: An inland post office established April 12, 1904 with Tabitha B. Collins, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 31, 1907 and mail sent to Sa­ line. Supposedly named for the daughter of Rev. C. M. Rees, a local Methodist minister. (80) ANAMQOSE: A group of Rumanians from Regina, Canada came in 1893 and settled in this area. When the Soo Line was constructed across the southern portion of the county and this station was estab­ lished, it was named by the daughter of a railroad official. The name is a corruption of the Chippewa Indian word (uhnemoosh) dog. The post office was established Sept. 7, 1898 with Albert Albrecht, post­ master. Anamoose incorporated as a village in 1922. (19, p. 126, 20, p. 261; 80) 152 BALFOUR: This Soo Line Rwy. station was named by the townsite officials for Lord Arthur Balfour, British statesman and essayist. Settlement began in 1898; the village incorporated in 1921. (19, vol. 13, no. 3) BANTRY: This village was founded on the Great Northern branch railroad and named by settlers from Bantry, Ireland. The post office was established July 10, 1905 with John F. Schafer, postmaster. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) : Founded in 1907 by Norwegian settlers and named for their former home, Bergen, Norway. The village incorporated in 1929. (19, vol. 13, no. 3) BERWICK: Settlement began in 1886. Named for Berwick, England by the G.N.R.R. officials to favor their English stockholders. The post office was established Oct. 22, 1890 with Mary J. Cocks, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 18, 1893 and mail sent to Towner. Elmer E. Green opened up a store in 1898 in which the post office was reestablished Nov. 17, 1899 and he was appointed postmaster. The village began to grow in 1902 and incorporated in 1929. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 18; 80; 83) BRUSH LAKE: A post office named for the nearby lake was estab­ lished April 24, 1900 in the kitchen of the Henry R. W. Bentley farm home. Bentley operated a general merchandise store here on his farm with a blacksmith shop in conjunction with it, which he moved to Drake when the post office was moved there in Sept., 1902; mail was brought from Balfour. The lake was given a descriptive name •— the shore was lined with brush. (The Drake Register 7/17/52; 80) CARDER: A rural post office 12 miles north of Towner established May 19, 1891 in the home of the postmaster, Albert B. House, near the Mouse River. It has long since been discontinued. Origin of name not known. (80) CAUGHEY: A post office established Feb. 15, 1901 in the home of the postmaster, Andrew Caughey; discontinued June 15, 1906 and mail sent to Balfour. (80) CHICOTA: An inland post office established July 31, 1902 with Ar­ thur G. Hampson, postmaster; discontinued May 15, 1903 and mail sent to Granville. Supposedly named for Chicota in Lamar County, Texas. (80) CLIFFDALE: A rural post office established July 11, 1901 with Adam A. Black, postmaster; long since discontinued. Origin of name may be descriptive. (80) PEERING: Believed locally to be named for a G.N.R.R. official; others think it was named for William Deering of the Deering Har- 153 vestor Co.; the manufacturers of grain and grass cutting machinery established headquarters at Fargo in the fall of 1881 for the distribu­ tion of their machines in northern sections of Minnesota and Dakota Territory. The post office at Deering was established Nov. 9, 1903 with William H. Allen, postmaster. Deering incorporated as a village in 1909. (10, p. 736; 11, p. 244; 76; 80) DENBIGH: Named by John Steinbrecker, pioneer merchant for the village of Densiof, South Russia, his former home. The post office was established May 12, 1900 with James A. Pendroy, postmaster. (51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76; 80) DRAKE: Named by the Soo Line R.R. officials for Herman Drake, who homesteaded the townsite in 1899. He had in mind the possibil­ ity of founding a town when he filed on SE3/!, Sec. 3-151-76 bordering the railroad. On Sept. 15, 1902 the post office was established with Henry R. W. Bentley, postmaster, in the store which he operated. Drake incorporated as a city in 1918. (The Drake Register, 7/17/52; 76; 80) FALSEN: See VERENDRYE. FUNSTON: There are two versions as to the origin of this Soo Line station hame. Supposedly named by Mr. Ruehl, pioneer merchant for General Frederick Funston of Spanish-American War fame in captur­ ing Aguinaldo in the Phillipines. Another reference states it was named for H. S. Funston, who was the Soo R.R. land commissioner at the time the station was established. (Robert M. Werner, pioneer resident of Funston, Enderlin, N. D. 3/24/59; 10, p. 744) GENOA: A G.N.R.R. loading station. No data available. GRANVILLE: Named for Granville M. Dodge, civil engineer of the G.N.R.R., who later was connected with the U.P.R.R., where he made a notable record in his work. Granville was founded in 1886; post of­ fice established March 31, 1888 with Morley W. Ludlow, postmaster; incorporated as a city in 1907. (10, p. 746; 51, 9/11/40; 80) GUTHRIE: Founded in 1910. Named for the A. Guthrie Co., of St. Paul, G.N.R.R. grading contractors. (10, p. 748; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10) HACKETT FALLS: In 1881 Edmund Hackett, formerly of Bismarck established a saw mill at this point on the Souris (Mouse) River and a settlement grew around it known as SOURIS CITY. Souris is the French word for mouse. The French explorers named it that for there were so many field mice in the river's basin and along its banks. By 1882 this settlement was renamed HACKETT FALLS and was organ­ ized by 1884 and Edmund Hackett was elected one of the first county commissioners of McHenry County. Prior to this he was the first 154 mayor of Bismarck, a member of the Dakota Territorial Legislature — a carpenter by trade, he erected several of the first buildings in Bis­ marck. (11, p. 208; 38, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 134) HOOSIER: Supposedly given the nickname of their former home state by settlers from Indiana. The post office was established Aug. 8, 1902 with John F. Schafer, postmaster; long since discontinued. (80) KALUGA: A Soo Line R.R. station. Origin of name not known. KARLSRUHE: Founded in 1912; incorporated as a village in 1927. Believed to be named by the Russo-German settlers, who emigrated from Karlsruhe, North Baden, Germany. Karlsruhe means (Charles' rest.) (10, p. 758; 51, 9/11/40; 76) KIEF: Founded in 1906 and named by settlers from Kiev, Northwest Ukraine. The post office was established March 13, 1909 with Henry H. Hohenstein, postmaster. (10, p. 758; 51, 9/11/40; 76; 80) KONGSBERG: Believed to be named for a city in England. A post office was established in 1879 with H. C. Myrah, postmaster; discon­ tinued April 30, 1958. (38, vol. 1, no. 9, p. 27; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 42, 5/1/58) LILLA: A rural post office a few miles north of Drake established Jan. 25, 1901 with Jennie Ii. O'Brien, postmaster; discontinued June 30, 1904 and mail sent to Anamoose. Origin of name not known. (80) LINUSVILLE: An inland post office established March 23, 1904 giv­ en the first name of the first postmaster, Linus Peterson; discontinued March 31,1909. (80) MARTHA: A rural post office established April 7, 1905 with Robert H. Thom, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 14, 1905 and mail sent to Linus- ville or to Drake. Origin of name not known. (80) MEADOW: A descriptive name of the location of this post office es­ tablished Sept. 5, 1896 with Enoch Mower, postmaster; rescinded Oct. 17, 1896; reestablished June 21, 1899 with Klemet K. Hage, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 1,1905 and mail sent to Upham. (80) MILROY: A rural post office established Dec. 12, 1902 with John F. Schafer, postmaster; discontinued July 10, 1905 and mail sent to Ban- try. Origin of name not known. MOUSE RIVER POST OFFICE: See VELVA. NEWPORT: This rural post office in Antelope Valley was established Sept. 3, 1884 in the home of the postmaster, Charles E. Jones near the Mouse River, where the Northern Pacific was constructing the rail­ road crossing; this was about one-quarter mile west of the present 155 town of Towner. Origin of the name not known. In 1886 C. F. Ander­ son of Racine, Wise, and Nels Jacobson of Decorah, Iowa settled here and soon erected a store in which the post office was established un­ til April 23,1887 when Newport merged into the townsite of TOWNER. (80; 83) NICHOLS: An early post office established March 22, 1886 with Pal­ mer G. Potter, postmaster; long since discontinued. Origin of name not known. (80) NORFOLK: Given the name of an English county to please the G.N. R.R. English stockholders. NORWICH: Named for a G.N.R.R. stockholder's home, Norwich, England. The post office was established Feb. 14, 1901 with Fredrick Blocher, postmaster. (7, p. 355; 20, p. 245; 51, 9/11/40; 76; 80) OAKLAND: A post office established April 5, 1896 with Carrie B. Dennings, postmaster; discontinued June 15, 1912 and mail sent to Towner. Origin of name not known. (80) OLIVIA: The present town of Kongsberg. No data available. OWENS: An early day settlement, one mile SE of Kief, founded by W. P. Owens. No other data available. PENDROY: This post office supplied from Villard, was established May 23,1884 with James M. Pendroy, postmaster, in Twp. 154, R. 78 and was the second in the county; discontinued Oct. 31, 1903 and mail sent to Velva. Pendroy, his three sons and brother, J. Andrew, drove over­ land from Guthrie County, Iowa in 1882; located claims in the Mouse River loop country and engaged in extensive farming and stock rais­ ing. James Pendroy was elected one of the first county commissioners in 1884. (10, p. 778; 38, vol. 4, no. 8, p. 129) PRATT: A rural post office established Oct. 1, 1900 in the home of the postmaster, William H. Pratt; discontinued April 30, 1907 and mail sent to Eckman. (80) RANGELY: A rural post office. No data available. RIGA: Named for a city of that name in Latvia, Russia. Post office established June 27, 1902 with Jens G. Springen, postmaster; discon­ tinued-March 30, 1918. (10, p. 781; 80) RISING: A G.N.R.R. loading station.

SALINE: A rural post office near Deep Creek. Origin of name not known. 156 SCRIPTON: So named because the land for the townsite was bought with "Soldiers Scrip" in 1882 during the survey of a prospective rail­ road from Fort Buford to the Mouse River. Upon this survey Attorney Johnson C. Nickeus of Jamestown located and platted the townsite of Scripton, four miles southeast of the present site of Velva. It was se­ lected as the temporary county seat at the county organization meeting at Villard P. O. Oct. 15, 1884 but never got past the embryo state. All of Scripton moved to Towner upon the location of the G.N.R.R. at that point in 1885. A colony of Negroes, the first to come to Dakota, was located at Scripton but remained only three years. They came from Chicago and returned, mainly from whence they came. (38, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 134) SEDAN: A rural post office near the bank of the Wintering River established May 12, 1905 with Felix Eberle, postmaster; discontinued May 31,1909. Origin of the name not known. It may have been named for Sedan, Kansas. (80) SIMCOE: Named by the G.N.R.R. townsite officials for Simcoe, On­ tario, supposedly because James J. Hill, president of the railroad was born near there. The post office was established Sept. 14, 1910 with Martin J. Bredvold, postmaster. (51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 80) SOURIS CITY: See HACKETT FALLS- STAR: A small rural settlement a few miles north of Villard, named for the Turtle Mountain Star (newspaper), first issue printed at Rolla, Nov. 2, 1888 by C P. Parsons and H. H. Fritz. With settlement it merged with Villard. TOWNER: Settlement began in this county seat town in 1884. The post office was established Dec. 11, 1886 with Robert McComb, post­ master. It was named by local residents and railroad townsite offi­ cials for Col. Oscar M. Towner, a Civil War Confederate Soldier, a promoter and land speculator, and one of the earliest ranchers in the county. Prior to his residency here, he was a member of the Terri­ torial Legislature of 1883 and a bonanza farmer in Grand Forks County. Towner lies in the bend of the Souris (Mouse) River. Along its broad valley were principally cattle ranches, now devoted to diversified farming. (6; 13; 21; 38, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 137; 76; 80) UPHAM: This Great Northern R.R. station was platted in 1908, in­ corporated as a village in 1908. Residents and railroad officials named it for Dr. Warren Upham, archaeologist, head of an early (1870-1876) geological survey through this state; and widely known as the author of the monograph "Glacial Lake Agassiz." (13; 76) 157 VELVA: The descriptive name given this station by the Soo R.R. officials when the roadbed was being constructed through here, can­ not be clearly traced, but it is believed the velvet-like appearance of the Mouse River Valley at this point suggested the name. Velva is near an 1865 camp site of Sully's expedition and was early designated as the Mouse River Post Office, which was one-half mile west of the present town of Velva, established Dec. 17, 1884 with Robert W. David­ son, postmaster and was discontinued March 22, 1886 and mail sent to Nichols. The Velva post office was established May 21, 1890 with John Downing, postmaster. Velva incorporated as a city in 1905. (7, p. 274; 10, p. 791; 51 9/11/40; 80) VERENDRYE: Right from Velva on the road winding down the Mouse River Valley about 11 miles is this town, first known as FAL- SEN when the post office was established in 1913 with Oliver H. Mol- howe, postmaster. The town was given its present name in honor of Pierre de la Verendrye, earliest known white explorer of this region. Verendrye, a French-Canadian fur trader and explorer came in 1738 with his two sons, Francois and Louis-Joseph, from the trackless for­ ests north of Lake Superior, looking for a river that flowed west into the Pacific and which would open up all the vast country for French control of the . It is supposed the party camped at the Ver­ endrye townsite. (1, p. 37; 7, p. 274; 19, vol. 22, no. 1 & 2, p. 50; 51, 5/24/51) VILLARD: George Hoffman and R. H. Copeland were among the first settlers in this area coming here with a party from Bismarck about 1880. They erected a station house for travelers at a point where the Wintering River unites with the Mouse River. A post office, the first in the county, was established here June 2, 1882 with Hoffman as postmaster; it was named for Henry Villard, president of the N.P. R.R. with hopes that the railroad would build northwest through here. But the railroad went into bankruptcy and the village remains inland. The post office was discontinued Aug. 3,1911 and mail sent to Denbigh. (11, p. 208; 38, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 129; 80; 83) VOLTAIRE: Founded in 1900. Two versions are given as to the ori­ gin of the name. The Soo R.R. townsite officials named it for the French writer, Voltaire. It is believed locally to be named for an early settler. The post office was established Jan. 21, 1901 with Ole Ranum, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1929. (7, p. 274; 76; 80) WINES: A rural post office in the NE corner of the county on the banks of Willow Creek was established Feb. 25, 1888 with Claus W. Schroeder; discontinued Feb. 28, 1902. Origin of name not known (80) 158 McINTOSH COUNTY ASHLEY: In 1887 the Soo Line grade was built into this area and this townsite was platted and the railroad townsite officials named it for Ashley E. Morrow, a member of the Northwestern Construction Co.. builders of the railroad grade. The post office was established May 4, 1888 with Thomas J. Lamunyon, postmaster. Ashley was designated the county seat in 1888 succeeding the town of Hoskins, three miles east. (2, p. 261; 20, p. 273; 80) BENSVILLE: A short-lived rural post office established between Hellwig and Lehr, Aug. 26, 1909 in the home of the postmaster, Rev. Henry G. Bens; discontinued April 30, 1910 and mail sent to Lehr. (2, p. 68; 80) BISCHOF: Named for John Bischof, Zeeland banker and business man, who came from southern Russia and located at Ashley in 1905. The post office was established Sept. 5, 1909 with Thomas G. McClel­ land, postmaster; discontinued March 31, 1922 and mail sent to Zee- land. (2, p. 69; 34, p. 507; 80) COLDWATER: A post office was established Aug. 21, 1884 on the east shore of Coldwater Lake in the home of the postmaster, Charles V. Basye; discontinued May 15, 1918 and mail sent to Ashley. A gen­ eral store that was established at Coldwater in pioneer days was still operating in 1941, with the addition of a gasoline station. (2, p. 67; 80) DANZIG: Surveyed and platted by the Tri-State Land Co. The name was suggested by the German-Russian settlers for the Free City of Danzig in Europe. A post office was established here June 21, 1898 with Wm. J. P. Giedt, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 8, 1902; reestab­ lished May 15, 1903; discontinued Aug. 13, 1912. (2, p. 67; 6, p. 511; 20, p. 273; 80) GIEDT: A post office was established July 2, 1891 in the home of Johann P. Giedt, three miles southeast of the present town of Danzig; discontinued June 21, 1898 and mail sent to Danzig. (2, p. 67; 6, p. 511; 80) GOHRING: A rural post office established Oct. 5, 1896 in the home of the postmaster Jakob Gohring; discontinued July 31, 1899 and mail sent to Kulm in LaMoure County. (80) HELLWIG: A small village on SEi/i. Sec. 25-131-68, twenty some miles northeast of Ashley. A post office was established Dec. 6, 1900 in the home of Ludwig Hellwig, the postmaster; discontinued Oct. 15, 1920 and mail sent to Kulm. Bernard Hellwig owned and operated a general store and blacksmithy until the store was destroyed by fire in 1917. (2, p. 68; 80) 159 HOSKINS: This first town in the county acquired the first post office Aug. 21, 1884 with George W. Abbott, postmaster — just two months after the townsite was platted near the south shore of Lake Hoskins. Both lake and town were given the maiden name of the wife of Col. C. A. Lounsberry, historian and founder of The Bismarck Tribune. Hoskins was designated the county seat which it retained until 1888 when it was transferred to Ashley, the newly established railroad townsite; for the Soo Line had by-passed Hoskins by three miles. There­ after it became a ghost town; its buildings were moved to Ashley, the schoolhouse alone remaining. The post office was discontinued May 4, 1888 and mail sent to Ashley. (2, p. 65; 7, p. 286; 80) JEWELL: A post office established July 14, 1886 in the home of the postmaster, Jacob Mayer; discontinued Jan. 15, 1906 and mail sent to Ashley. Named for Marshall H. Jewell, once editor of The Bismarck Tribune, who made trips to this area with land seekers. In 1903 he was appointed register of the U. S. Land Office at Bismarck. (2, p. 67; 80) KASSEL: A post office operated for a dozen years in farm homes about eight miles west of the present town of Venturia and was named for a district in Russia from which most of the community's early settlers came. On Oct. 18, 1893 the post office was established in the home of Jacob Breitling, postmaster. It retained its original name through two removals within this area; to the home of Fred Strobel and then to Christ Remfer's. It was discontinued May 13, 1905 and mail sent to Ashley. (2, p. 68; 80) KOEPPEL: A rural post office established Jan. 17, 1896 in the home of the appointed postmaster, Jacob Koeppel, but was never in opera­ tion; rescinded Jan. 13, 1897. (80) LEHR: Named for Andreas, Sr., and Johann Lehr, owners of the townsite on Sec. 29-133-69. They donated 40 acres for this townsite which is on the Mcintosh-Logan County dividing line and is situated in both counties. They were members of the colony of 50 settlers from South Dakota that came to this vicinity in 1886. The village got its start with the coming of the Soo Line and was founded on its main line in 1898. The post office was established here April 6, 1899 with John F. George, postmaster. Lehr organized as a village Nov. 18, 1907 and as a city May 18, 1909. (2, pp. 277-8; 76; 80) LOWELL: A post office established June 30, 1890 on NEV4, Sec. 31- 129-70 in the home of the postmaster, James Beveridge, was named LOWELL VALLEY. When it was moved three years later to the home of E. E. Auburn in the same township, it was renamed Lowell, -by the settlers from Lowell, Mich. The post office was discontinued April 30, 1926 and mail sent to Ashley. (2, p. 68; 80) 160 MEIDINGER: Seven miles northeast of Ashley a post office was es­ tablished Sept. 5, 1916 in the home of John R. Meidinger with Sophia Meidinger, postmaster. In Dec. 1920 P. C. Anderst succeeded as post­ master in his home. The post office was discontinued Dec. 31, 1930 and mail sent to Ashley. (2, p. 68; 80) NORWEGIAN: A post office June 25, 1890 established in a sod house on the combination farm and cattle ranch of Martin C. Moen in the Norwegian settlement northeast of the present town of Danzig. An­ ton Helmer, stage coach driver carried the mail. The post office was discontinued May 12, 1899 and mail sent to Ashley. (80) ODDENA: The Russian farmers in this area wanted their post office named Odessa for their homeland city in SW Ukraine but there was a post office with that name in Dakota Territory so the name was changed to sound similar. The post office was established May 19, 1894, five miles north of the present town of Zeeland on the NW]/i Sec. 32-130-73 in the home of Anton Bachmeier, postmaster; discontin­ ued July 16, 1898 and mail sent to Kassel. (2, p. 68; 80) OSTREM: A post office 12 miles southeast of Wishek was established on Sec. 8-131-72 in the home of John L. Ostrem, postmaster on Aug. 8, 1891; discontinued May 15, 1903 and mail sent to Danzig. (2, p. 68; 80) PASCHAL: A Soo Line siding station where mail was dropped and passengers boarded the train going north or south. About 1910 there were efforts made to establish a town between Ashley and Wishek. The Soo Line officials favored the Paschal site, but the majority of the local residents favored the Danzig site which was then established. A post office named Paschal was established Feb. 24, 1911 in the home of the postmaster, Robert S. Wilson, which was near the railroad sid­ ing stop; discontinued Aug. 31, 1912 and mail sent to Danzig. The ori­ gin of the name Paschal is not known. (2, p. 277; 80) ROTTERDAM: A post office given its first postmaster's surname with five letters added to lengthen it. On March 3,1893 a post office was established in the home of John C. Rott, postmaster, which was about 20 miles northwest of Ashley; discontinued May 22, 1897 and mail sent to Ashley. (2, p. 68; 80) VENTURIA: The Minnesota Loan & Trust Co., the townsite owners platted this village in 1901 just after the Soo Line was constructed through here. A controversy over naming the village was resolved when John H. Wishek, Sr., pioneer builder and promoter, proposed the name he. saw on a boxcar that lay on its side among others along the railroad track just outside the townsite, where there had been a freight train wreck. The name was Ventura—with possible reference to Ventura, Calif., although the villagers did not subscribe to that spell- 161 ing. The post office was established Nov. 27, 1901 in the first store erected—called The Bazaar with Jacob Wiedman, postmaster and proprietor of the store. Venturia incorporated as a village in 1913. (2, pp. 283-4; 12, 10/10/01; 80) WISHEK: Surveyed and platted in October 1898, when the Soo Line rails reached this present location. Named, for John H. Wishek, Sr., of Ashley, original townsite owner, who had been instrumental in pro­ curing the right-of-way for the Soo Line Ry. through Mcintosh Coun­ ty and who donated town lots for churches, parks, the townhall and a bandstand. The post office was established Nov. 29, 1898 with William E. Pratt, postmaster. (2, p. 180; 7, p. 286; 80) YOUNGSTOWN: A post office established on the SW^/i, Sec. 14-132-71 on the shore of Lake May, on Nov. 20, 1885 in the ranch home of Mar­ tin H. Young, postmaster; discontinued July 12, 1895 and mail sent to Wishek. The Young Cattle and Horse Ranch in this area was owned by George Young. (2, p. 67; 80) ZEELAND: The Milwaukee Land Co. platted this townsite (which is two miles from the South Dakota state line) and conveyed the right-of-way to the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul & Pacific Rwv Co. in 1902. Settlement soon began with the building of the railroad from Eureka, S. D. to Linton, N. D. The name was suggested by local sett­ lers from Zeeland Province of the Netherlands, which means, "sea land." The post office was established Nov. 24, 1902 with Christian Hofer, postmaster. Zeeland incorporated as a village in 1905. (2, pp. 316-7; 76; 80)

McKENZIE COUNTY ALEXANDER: Platted in 1905, shortly after organization of the coun­ ty and designated the temporary county seat. Named by Gov. E. Y. Sarles for Alexander McKenzie, political leader of that day, who was one of the townsite incorporators and for whom the county had earlier been named. The post office was established Oct. 14, 1905 with Herbert W. Moore, postmaster. (20, p. 214; 80) ALMIRA: A rural post office established June 11, 1904 with Almira Sandercock, postmaster; discontinued April 30, 1907 and mail sent to Alexander. (80) ARNEGARD: Early residents who founded this village near the center of the county in 1913 named it for Evan Arnegard, the first homesteader in the locality. The post office was established July 14, 1906 with Gerhard A. Stenehjun, postmaster.' (7, p. 221; 80) 162 BANKS: Named for Frank Banks, the postmaster in whose Squaw Creek ranch home, the post office was established Dec. 7, 1900; dis­ continued Sept. 15, 1955 after which the community was served by mail route out of Watford City. Frank Banks and W. L. Richards drove cattle from Texas in 1884 and established and operated the Bird- head Ranch, which included the present site of Alexander. (19, 13, no. 3; 31, p. 493; 63, 9/29/55; 80) BEICEGEL: Despite the spelling, the creek and post office established near it, June 3, 1902 with Fred Hoerauf, postmaster were named for the Beisigl brothers, George and August, who in 1884 settled southwest of Grassy Butte and were the first ranchers along the banks of the creek. Owing to the difficulty of spelling Beicegel, the post office was discontinued and another took its place under the name of BICYCLE on Nov. 16, 1902, with Anna Fane, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 23, 1904, and mail sent to Fayette in Dunn County. (20, p. 13; 31, vol. 1, p. 507; 80) BENNIEPIER: A post office established Feb. 17, 1912 with Silas R. Bryant, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 15, 1919 and mail sent to Earl. Named for Bennie Peer, one of the county's pioneer ranchers; previous to that a soldier at Fort Buford. Bennie Peer Creek in the southwest­ ern part of the county is also named for him, without the whimsey of misspelling. (63, 6/2/15; 80) BERG: A rural post office established June 20, 1905 in the home of the postmaster Julius I. Berg, 25 miles northeast of Schafer, in Sec. 14 Blue Butte Twp.; discontinued March 6, 1908 and mail sent to Kinsley. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BICYCLE: See BEICEGEL. BLUEBELL: A short-lived post office established Feb. 8, 1911 in the home of the postmaster, Helen G. Raze on Sec. 3-4-151-97; discontinued Dec. 15,1912 and mail sent to Tobacco Garden. It was named by Helen Raze for the many blue flowers of the prairies thereby. (80) CARTWRIGHT: This post office in Sec. 3, Sioux Twp. was estab­ lished June 28,1901, in the ranch home of the postmaster, George Cart- wright — trapper, hunter, and the first settler in this area. In May, 1882, he started a cattle ranch near Antelope Lake, Pierce County, and blazed the Mouse River Trail that summer and later the road from Car­ rington to Fort Buford. With his sons, he operated big ranches in Mc­ Kenzie County from 1884 to 1900. (10, p. 57; 20, p. 214; 80) CATHMERE: A rural post office established May 12, 1914 in the home of the postmaster William G. Heisler; discontinued Oct. 31, 1930 and mail sent to Cartwright. Named by and for Mrs. Grant Heisler, 163 nee Catherine Sarah Winter, in whose home the post office was estab­ lished. She compounded part of her given name (Cath) with the word (mere), meaning meadow, making CATHMERE. (80) CATLIN: See CROFF. CHARBONNEAU: Residents named this village founded in 1913 for the nearby creek, which Lewis and Clark on their 1804 expedition named for Touissant Charbonneau, whom they employed as interpre­ ter of the expedition. He and his Shoshone Indian wife, Sakakawea, left their home by this creek and accompanied them to the Pacific coast. The post office was established at Charbonneau March 21, 1914 with Ira C. Wolsott, postmaster. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) CHARLSON: A post office established Dec. 23, 1904 in the farm home of the postmaster Thorston E. Charlson on Sec. 23-153-95 which has long since been discontinued. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) CHERRY: This rural post office derives its name for nearby Cherry Creek, supposedly named for the abundance of chokecherry trees along its banks. The post office was established Oct. 26, 1908 with Olaf P. Transtrom, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1929 and mail sent to Watford. (80) CROFF: A post office named CATLIN established Nov. 25, 1908 on the Catlin Ranch with Sarah J. Catlin, postmaster. The name was changed to Croff Oct. 29, 1915 when the post office was moved to the William B. Croff store a few.miles distant. It was discontinued in 1944. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) PORE: A post office near Elk Lake established April 18, 1901 with George Dore, postmaster who was one of the earliest settlers in this area. (19, vol. 13, p. 3; 80) EARL: A rural post office in Sec. 26-147-104, established Aug. 13, 1910 with Ida Empie, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 15, 1925 and mail sent to Cartwright. It was named for Earl Empie, the son of the post­ master. (9/21/62 Curtis Ball, Staney, Mont; 80) EAST FAIRVIEW: This is the lesser portion of Fairview, Montana, that lies east of the Montana-Dakota state line. ELIDAH: A rural post office in the northeast portion of the county established Jan. 20, 1908 with Roland T. Muzzy, postmaster; discontin­ ued Dec. 15, 1919 and mail sent to Keene. Origin of name not known. (80) ELK LANDING: A post office near the mouth of the established Sept. 14, 1915 with Raymond Robinson, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 15, 1917 and mail sent to Charlson. This was a good hunting point, where elk forded the river. (80) 164 ELSWORTH: This rural post office in Sec. 23 of the township it is named for; and is near the source of Cherry Creek was established May 22,1907 with John Gerard, postmaster; discontinued June 15, 1915 and mail sent to Arnegard. The township was named for one of the first settlers in this area, Elsworth Earley and he was also the first mail carrier from Schafer to Elsworth. (4/21/63, Mrs. Albert Larson of Elsworth; 80) ESTES: A post office southeast of Cut Nose Buttes established May 2, 1908 in the ranch home of the postmaster, Fred R. Estes; discontin­ ued Sept. 15, 1916 and mail sent to Cartwright. (80) FARLAND: When the residents at the head of Tobacco Garden Creek organized their township they selected a name that implied a meaning in the pioneer days to the location — a land far from every­ where and everybody. The post office named for its township was established Nov. 2, 1907 in Sec. 29, with Jens C. Walla, postmaster; dis­ continued Nov. 30, 1916 and mail sent to Arnegard. (10, p. 742; 80) GOODALL: A post office established on W. J. Goodall's large cattle ranch along the Missouri River Oct. 6, 1902 with Carrie E. Goodall, postmaster; discontinued April 2, 1906 and mail sent to Charlson. (10, p. 747; 80) GLASSER: A rural post office established July 14, 1906 with Lenora K. Glasser; discontinued Nov. 6, 1906; reestablished Jan. 4, 1907; dis­ continued May 24, 1907. (80) GRANT: Named for D. W. Grant, the track-layer, who in 1879 was connected with the Winston Bros., contractors, who were building bridges and constructing the N.P.R.R. west of Mandan to the Green River. The post office was established Dec. 4, 1911 with Charles W. Dean, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 30, 1912 and mail sent to Fair- view, Mont. (19, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 55; 80) GRASSY BUTTE: This settlement was named for one of the neigh­ boring buttes, that has long been a landmark, for among many similar­ ly shaped elevations in this vicinity, Grassy Butte is the only one, not bare of vegetation. The post office was established Sept. 10, 1913 in a typical frontier log structure with Donald McKenzie, postmaster. In the early days when there were buildings on only one side of Mam Street in this village, a local jest was that—"Grassy Butte has the wid­ est Main Street in the country; from here to the Atlantic seaboard." (20, p. 216; 80) GREEN: A short-lived rural post office established March, 1907 in the home of the postmaster, Charles Green; discontinued Nov. 15, 1907 and mail sent to Alexander. (80) 165 JOE: A rural post office on Horse Creek established Aug. 15,1913 with Fred Horstman, postmaster; discontinued June 30, 1916 and mail sent to Moline. Supposedly named for Joe Stroud, who with his brother Robert were pioneer ranchers in this area. (80) JUNIPER: A small community named for the native evergreen shrub that grows on the buttes and hillsides. No other data available. KEENE: Founded in 1905; named for its township which was named by early settlers from Keene Twp., Minn. The post office was estab­ lished May 13, 1911 with Swend A. Martinson, postmaster; discontin­ ued some years later. The inland town of Union Center a few miles south adopted the name Keene for its post office by 1934 (76; 80) KINSLEY: A rural post office established March 6, 1908 with Fred Kramer, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 15, 1910. Origin of name not known. (80) LESKEY: A post office established April 5, 1930 in the home of the postmaster, John Leskey; discontinued Sept. 15, 1931 and mail sent to Bicycle. (80) LOYAL: A short lived rural post office named for its township was established in Sec. 18 in the home of the postmaster, Claud M. Murray on May 22, 1914; discontinued April 15, 1916 and mail sent to Trotters in Golden Valley County. The postmaster named the township for his former home, Loyal, Wise (4/21/63 Harry Kruger, Sidney, Mont.; 80) MANDAREE: A composite name that Fort Berthold Indian residents made from the names of the Three Affiliated Tribes: Mandan, Hidatsa and Arickaree. Since 1945 many Fort Berthold Indians, forced to re­ linquish their lands for the construction of the Garrison Dam, relo­ cated in the western part of the reservation. In the center of this area, the U. S. government purchased Indian trust land from Mrs. Mike Mason for a community center or townsite on which to establish the sub-agency, with its large school houses, churches, shops, post office, etc. During the winter of 1954 residents here were asked to submit suggestions for a name to designate the place. Suggested names were publicly posted for the patrons to affix their signatures to their choice. "Mandaree," suggested by Rev. Reinhard Kaufman, O.S.B., Catholic missionary for 25 years at Fort Berthold, received by far the largest number of votes. The postal department accepted it and on May 1, 1954, a mail route from New Town to Mandaree was established. July 1, 1955 Mandaree became a post office with Mrs. Beatrice E. Balliet as acting postmaster, which served the entire western area of the res­ ervation. N (12, 6/9/55; Rev. Reinhard Kaufman, O.S.B. St. Anthony Indian Mission, Mandaree, N. D., 9/20/55) 166 MARY: A rural post office in the southeastern part of the county established Aug. 16, 1906 with William N. Crist, postmaster, who named it for his wife. The post office has long been discontinued. (80) MAYNARD: A post office established Aug. 25, 1910 in the home of the postmaster, Christopher J. Grave, who named it for his young son, and former home, Maynard, Iowa. The post office was discon­ tinued March 13, 1918 and mail sent to Charlson. (80)

MOLINE: Named by Mrs. Earl Ross, an early resident of this com­ munity 15 miles south of Alexander for her uncle, John Moline, in Sweden. The post office was established May 10, 1910 with Earl G. Ross, postmaster; discontinued May 15,1919 and mail sent to Alexander. (12/30/54, Mrs. O. R. Svore, Bismarck, N. D.; 80)

NAMELESS: A post office west of the Yellowstone River in Sec. 26, Sioux Twp., established June 21, 1909 with Isabelle O. Stroud, post­ master; discontinued Aug. 31, 1916 and mail sent to Cartwright. The post office was in Robert Stroud's store and he named it for the Texas town near where he formerly lived. (Mrs. Arnold Skogen, Cartwright, N. D.; 80) PEMBROKE: In the summer of 1912, the Great Northern was con­ structing a railroad through this area and completed a spur to Sec. 35, Schafer Twp. m 1913. The loading station established here was named Pembroke by a local rancher for his former home, Pembroke, Maine, with hopes it would develop into a town, but it never material­ ized.

PRAIRIE VALLEY: A country post office, 15 miles north of Alex­ ander originally named ROSSELAND, the maiden name of Mrs. Anton Nelson, in whose home it was established. In 1953 it was renamed Prairie Valley, a descriptive name of its location. (12/30/54, Mrs. O. R. Svore, Bismarck, N. D.) RAWSON: First G.N.R.R. station east of Alexander named for Willis C. Rawson, hardware and implement dealer of Williston, owner of the farm land, operated by his father, on which an elevator was erected in 1910 and a village founded. The post office was established March 21, 1914 with Henry E. Bauman, postmaster. (Reba Rew (granddaughter of Rawson) Hemet, Calif.; 80)

ROSSELAND: See PRAIRIE VALLEY.

ROTHVILLE: A country post office established Nov. 2, 1906 with Edward M. Roth, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 31, 1910. (80) 167 RUBY: A rural post office established Nov. 10, 1910 with Ben L. Green, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 17, 1912 and mail sent to Bennie- pier. Supposedly named for a local rancher's wife Ruby Lowe An­ derson. (80) SANFORD: An inland post office established April 13, 1907 with Silas Morton postmaster. It was named for the several Sanford fam­ ilies in this area. The post office discontinued Aug. 3, 1910 and mail sent to Maynard. (80) SCHAFER: A post office originally named SHAFER established Nov. 28, 1899 in the farm home of the postmaster, Charles E. Shafer, one of the first ranchers in this Cherry Creek Valley, and father of George Shafer, governor of N. D. (1929-32). A village was founded here in 1905 and the spelling of the name changed to Schafer at the suggestion of the postmaster G. B. Metzer. On Jan. 7, 1909 it was designated the county seat. Schafer remains an inland town but the county seat was moved to Watford City about 1950. (7, p. 221; 76; 80) SEARING: A post office named for Julius Searing Taylor, on whose farm it was established July 25, 1916 with Thomas C. Taylor, post­ master; discontinued March 15, 1921 and mail sent to Alexander. (76; 80) SENESCHAL: A rural post office established May 12, 1911 with Charles H. Holliday, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 31, 1919 and mail sent to Banks. It was named for Capt. Edw. H. Seneschal, who oper­ ated a trading post here and the ferry, Mondak, which sank in the spring ice break-up of 1917. (80) SHAFER: See SCHAFER. SKAAR: Early settlers named this inland village on Sec. 22, Loyal Twp., near Smith's Creek for Edward Skaar, local sheep rancher. Skaar with K. P. Hetzler erected a store in 1912 which they operated. The post office was established in it June 5, 1915 with Nancy Clements, postmaster. The post office was discontinued Feb. 28, 1955 and the store was closed with an auction sale June 23, 1955. (51, 6/25/55, p. 5; 76; 80) SPEARINVILLE: An inland village six miles west of Alexander. The post office was established by Jan. 24, 1910 with William W. Spear- in, postmaster. (9/21/62, Mary Tellefson, Campbell, Calif.) STROUD A rural post office near Timber Creek established Oct. 3, 1895 with Jeffrey E. Hanley, postmaster; discontinued about 1905. It was named for Robert W. and Joe G. Stroud who came to this area in 1888 with a herd of cattle from Texas for the Reynolds Bros. —• 168 started ranching for themselves in a small way and built up a large ranch on which the Stroud post office was established. (80) TOBACCO GARDEN: Located in Sees. 23, 24, and 25-154-97 and is a prominent landmark along the Upper Missouri. Legends concerning it, date back to early fur trading days. A woodyard was located here in 1869. According to authority, the Sioux and Assiniboine name for the reeds that grew here in profusion, and for tobacco are the same. This probably accounts for the name "Tobacco Garden" being given this place. A post office was established in Sec. 3-151-98, Dec. 22, 1906 with Peder G. Arnstad, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 31, 1916 and mail sent to Schafer. (19, vol. 22, nos. 1 & 2; 80) UNION CENTER: See KEENE. WATFORD: See WATFORD CITY. WATFORD CITY: Originally named BANKS for the coal banks here. In 1913, V. G. Morris, local physician renamed it WATFORD for his former home in Ontario, Canada, which is probably named for Watford in Hartfordshire, England. The post office was established Dec. 8, 1914, with John C. Zeller, postmaster. Watford organized as a village in 1915. Because of the confusion with the name Wolford, a town in Pierce County, N. D., the word "City" was added to Watford by the G.N.R.R. officials to distinguish it from that station. The name Wat­ ford City became official May 13, 1916. This is the terminus of a Great Northern Rwy. branch line and is the trade center of the county, which is almost surrounded by rivers, this is why the county is often called "Island Empire." (20, p. 215; 67, sec. 10, p. 4; 76; 80)

WILBUR: A rural post office established Feb. 27, 1905 on the south bank of the Missouri River, southwest of Williston with Wilbur H. Rogers, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 30, 1912 and mail sent to Willis­ ton. (80)

McLEAN COUNTY AMUNDSVILLE: A post office established Dec. 1, 1913, with Joseph O. Amundson, postmaster in the store building erected by the Amund­ son brothers on SEJ/j, Sec. 27-150-88; discontinued May 31, 1916, when the Star Mail Route was established. (Joseph O. Amundson, Ryder, N. Dak., 1/15/55; 80) ARICKAREE: A rural post office established March 17, 1898, near Black Water Lake with Annie Minehan, postmaster; discontinued April 20,1899. Named for a native Indian tribe in that area. (80) ARMSTRONG: See NISHU. 169 ARVIDSON: See TURTLE LAKE. BASTO: A post office was established June 18, 1901, in the John A. Lundquist home on the NWV2 Sec. 30-145-83 with his daughter Esther assistant postmaster in charge of the office which was discontinued Dec. 31, 1912. The mail was brought from Washburn by mail carriers, Haeter, Carl Gustafson and John Linder, respectively. The office was named by August Wahl, postmaster then of Washburn. Origin of the name is not known. (80; Esther Lundquist Johnson, Yakima, Wash., 6/15/57) BATESVILLE: In the early 1900's a townsite was platted on Sec. 5- 149-87 by F. N. Bates, who resided on NEi/j, Sec. 18-150-84 in anticipa­ tion of a railroad which would cross the country by this point. The railroad never materialized and Batesville v/as only a blue-print ghost town. (25, pp. 59, 69) BAYFIELD: A post office established Nov. 17,1905, with James Field­ ing postmaster; discontinued March 15, 1907, and mail sent to Turtle Lake. Thought to be named for Bayfield County, Wise, where an­ other Washburn post office is established. (80) BENEDICT: The name for this post office established Oct. 6, 1906, on the NEi/i, Sec. 7-150-81 with Alexander Munns, postmaster was suggested by the Postmaster General, George Von Meyer, because of the number of newly wed men (benedicts) who signed the petition for the establishment of a post office. Benedict was originally a "squatters' village" about three-fourths of a mile northwest from the present site surveyed by the Soo Line Rwy. townsite company in June, 1908. Benedict incorporated as a village in 1916. (19, vol. 13, July 1946, no. 3, p. 130; 80) BIG BEND: One of the first Garrison Dam boom towns established in 1947 just east of the government land, which flourished for a few years during construction of the dam but is now almost abandoned. Named for the townsite view of the great bend in the Missouri River, where it turns southward in a serious way after its long trek eastward from western Montana. (19, vol. 21, no. 4, Oct. 1954) BITUMIA: A Soo Line Rwy. siding and loading station, five miles west of Washburn established Feb. 19, 1908. It was used mainly for loading bituminous coal from the Black Diamond Coal Mine owned by John Satterlund. It was removed in 1939. BLACKWATER: A post office, that under the earlier name of Fort Berthold had been established on the Fort Berthold Indian Reserva­ tion, Sept. 1, 1874, with William Courteney, postmaster was removed in 1906 to its present site on SW]/j, Sec. 17-148-87 and renamed for its 170 township. The early settlers named the township for Blackwater Lake in the northwest corner of the township, which the Indians had named for its murkiness. The characteristic of the waters of the lake, as also of the wells in the vicinity, is said to be due to the presence of lignite coal. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BUTTE: This Soo Line R.R. station on the SW^. Sec. 4-150-78 was first named DOGDEN for the Dog Den buttes located at the edge of the Missouri coteau four miles west on Sees. 3-10-14-15, Twp. 150, R. 79, which varied in height to 2,291 ft., a landmark for early day travelers and expeditions. The buttes were not named because of an abundance of prairie dogs in the area; the name is a loose translation of the Indian word for wolf. There were wolf dens there. The Dogden post office was established Aug. 27,1906, with John Parks, postmaster. The name was changed to BUTTE Jan. 2, 1927, with John Schroth, postmaster. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 25; 80) BYERS: A rural post office named for its township was established April 21,1904, on the SWl/j. of Sec. 4, with Henry A. Kenny, postmaster. The township was named for J. A. Byers, an early settler in this area. The post office was discontinued June 6, 1908, and mail sent to Dogden. (25; p. 15; 80) CASEY: A post office originally named WIPRUD established Sept. 3, 1902, in Wiprud Bros, store near the southwest shore of Crooked Lake on Sec. 17-148-80, with Mary B. Casey, postmaster. The post office name was changed to Casey, July 25, 1904, when the Caseys took over the management of the store. The j^ost office was discontinued May 31,1914. (6, p. 164; 25, p. 28; 80) CHITUTAH: A rural post office which was to have been established ten miles northwest of Washburn, in Sec. 23-146-82 near Coal Lake was named the Indian word for the coal, which outcropped the hillsides. Anton Peterson, local homesteader, was appointed postmaster May 30, 1884, of this nonexistent post office that never received or sent a piece of mail or sold a postage stamp, but was not officially discontinued until Oct. 8, 1887. (24, vol. 2, p. 38) COAL HARBOR: See COLEHARBOR. COLEHARBOR: A colony of Canadian homesteaders, mainly from Prince Edward Island and thereby came to McLean County in the spring of 1883 and selected a townsite in the center of Sec. 35-147-84 near the Missouri River on Wolf Creek. They named the town VIC­ TORIA for their queen. In the spring of 1882, George L.. Gilbert had tried to establish a town on his land, one and one-half miles northwest from the townsite chosen the following year by the colonists. To this 171 site on the river he gave the name COAL HARBOR, which was descrip­ tive of the boat landing where coal outcropped and could be dug easily from the banks and loaded for shipping. His enterprise did not ma­ terialize and he abandoned his town project and moved to Victoria where he received the appointment of postmaster April 12, 1883. In 1885, the name Victoria was changed to Coal Harbor. In 1904 the Soo Line R.R. platted a townsite seven miles east of the inland town of Coal Harbor on NW*4 Sec. 23-147-83 and named it Coleharbor for W. A. Cole, a railroad employee. The post office, which, moved to the new railroad location Oct. 1 ,1905, retained the old name Coal Harbor until Feb. 7, 1927, when it was officially renamed Coleharbor. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 24, p. 85; 80) CONKLING: On April 12, 1883, a post office was established in the log house of James L. Crosley, postmaster, some four or five miles west of Washburn on Sec. 15-144-83. Named for Roscoe Conkling of New York, a brilliant figure in national politics at that time. Crosley also operated a small general merchandise store in his home. The post office changed hands and location a number of times before it was dis­ continued August 15, 1913. (24, p. 90; 80) CREMERVILLE: A post office established June 12, 1913, with An­ drew J. Cremer postmaster and operator of the store in which it was located on SEl/j, Sec. 23-150-89. The post office was discontinued Aug. 14, 1915. (25, p. 74; 80) DAKOTA CITY: A Garrison Dam boom town established in 1947 on "the Strip" leading to Riverdale, now abandoned. The name is ap­ parent. (19, vol. 21, no. 4, Oct. 1954)

DARLING: A rural post office was established June 28, 1902, on SEV4, Sec. 33-148-81 with Arthur L. Maxwell, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 15, 1907. Named for D. M. Darling, a homesteader in that area. (12, 7/26/02; 80) DILLINGHAM: A post office established April 18, 1891, in the farm home of the postmaster, James Dillingham, on SE]/j, Sec. 2-149-80; dis­ continued Aug. 18, 1893. (80) DOGDEN: See BUTTE. DOGDEN POST OFFICE: See PERLEY. DOUGLAS: O. J. Marks operated a general merchandise store on SEJ/i, Sec. 1-150-85 in v/hich a post office named Douglas was estab­ lished July 25, 1903 and he was appointed postmaster. Both the store and post office in 1906 were moved to the railroad townsite, named Douglas, two miles northwest in Ward County. Named for the nearby NDouglas Creek, which was named by Capt. Douglas, stationed at Fort 172 Stevenson. This fort was established on June 22, 1867, on the north bank of the Missouri River at the mouth of Douglas Creek. The creek was later named Garrison Creek. (15, p. 70; 51, 9/11/40; 76) EASTMAN: A post office Oct. 8, 1903, on Sec. 24-145-78 with Ida O. Pace, postmaster. It was named for Philip K. Eastman, first post­ master of Wilton. Mail was carried from Wilton. The Eastman post office was discontinued April 29, 1905, and mail sent to McClusky. (80) ELBOWGQDS: This village, located on See 4-147-90, was abandoned by 1954 due to the rising waters behind the Garrison Dam. It had been the agency headquarters of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. The post office was established July 31, 1891, with Mary Farrell, post­ master. It derived its name from the elbow bend of the Missouri River's timber belt at this point. This village, founded in 1891, grew around the square of agency lawn until in 1950 the population was 175. The Fort Berthold Indian Agency is now located at New Town, N. Dak. (7, 214; 19, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 40; 80) EMMET: A rural post office established Aug. 10, 1903, on the NW'/i, Sec. 28-148-86, with Mrs. Nancy J. Frederickson, postmaster was named ROBINSON for the brothers, George L. and John J. Robinson, local pioneer settlers. The post office was moved Sept. 2, 1905, to the NEl/j, Sec. 20-148-86, the homestead of Charles Laudenbeck, and named for his infant son. This post office, now in Sec. 9, Emmet Twp., one mile north of its former location, is one of the few present day rural post offices of the county. It operates in connection with a general store, gasoline station, etc., serving a large area. (76; 80; Dr. John Robinson, Garrison, N. Dak., 10/10/58) ENDRES: Both the rural post office established July 25, 1904, on the NEl/j, Sec. 26-149-83, and its township were named by Nick C. Ulrich, first postmaster. Endres was his wife's maiden name. The post office was discontinued Aug. 14, 1909. (1/20/58, R. R. Robinson, Washburn, N. Dak.; 80) ENERGY: A Missouri River ghost town, platted on Sec. 29-146-84 that never got much beyond the blueprint stage and an office building on the site for T. L. Stanley of Fargo, who promoted the sale of lots in the summer of 1885. He contracted for 60 acres of land from N. W. Solen- berger and F. G. Mattoon and the blueprints of this fanciful town were "energetic" indeed. They showed, besides churches, stores, a flour mill, a college and two railroads, and great steamboats anchored at terraced banks of the river, leading up to a linen mill, utilizing local flax straw and a factory making glass from the river's sand. This locality is still known as Energy Park. A post office was established here Aug. 5, 1910, with Richard C. Olson, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1911. (24, vol. 2, p. 27; 80) 173 ERICKSON: A post office established Feb. 13, 1886, six miles north­ west of Conkling, in the home of the first postmaster Par Erickson, who maintained there also a small store for the convenience of the set­ tlers. The place was often referred to as "Preacher Erickson's" to distinguish the one Erickson from the many. The post office was dis­ continued Jan. 7, 1890. (24, p. 93; 80) ETHEL: Named for Lake Ethel nearby, which was named for the daughter of John Merry, a local rancher. This short-lived post office was established on the NWl/j, See 27-147-79, Jan. 15, 1898, with Dan Williams, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 5, 1900. (Mrs. H. C. Reeshagen, Washburn, N. Dak., 6/14/58; 80) FALCONER: A post office was established April 14, 1884, with Samuel Falconer, postmaster, in his farm home on NE14 Sec. 33-143-81. Falconer was a stopping place in the '80's for wagon trains operating between Bismarck and Fort Stevenson. The post office was discon­ tinued about 1900. The old log house, which served as a post office, is still in use in the farm yard. (1.9, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 15) FALKIRK: Founded in 1913 on Sec. 23, Buffalo Twp., named MIN- DEN by local residents from Minden, Prussia. In 1914, Karl Eichhorst, founder and promoter of the town, donated the right-of-way to the Soo Line R.R. to establish a grain loading station on his farm, where he had built a large elevator the same year. In 1916, the Minden resi­ dents formed a townsite company and platted a townsite and had a sale of lots in June, 1916. Because of the similarity of the name Min­ den to Mandan, the Post Office Department refused the name and se­ lected the name FALKIRK, which has no local significance. The Fal­ kirk post office (the only one in the U. S.), was established Dec. 16, 1916, with Walter C. Jertson, postmaster and operator of the general store in which it was located. The post office was discontinued May 1, 1955. (59, 4/15/55; 76; 80; Henry Eichhorst, Falkirk, N. Dak., 4/20/55) : See FORT BERTHOLD. FORT BERTHOLD: In the fall of 1844, the Hidatsa and Mandan In­ dians moved up the Missouri from their old villages on the Knife River because they were harassed by the Sioux, and later were joined by the and began their village at Like-a-Fishhook bend on the high bank. The associated tribes became known as the Berthold Indians. The next spring, the American Fur Co. began, with the as­ sistance of the Indians, to build a stockaded post in the northwestern portion of the village which they called Fort Berthold for Bartholomew Berthold, fur trader of St. Louis, Mo. In 1859, an opposition trading company erected a post on the other side of the same village, but east 174 and farther away from the river than Fort Berthold, which they named Fort Atkinson (the second of that name) for Gen. of the army, who in 1825 led a treaty making expedition with the Tetons and Yanktons and Yanktonias. Henry Boiler, author of "Among the Indians," operated the trading post. In 1862, the opposition ceased and the American Fur Co. obtained possession of Fort Atkinson, which they occupied, transferring to it the name of Fort Berthold. They aban­ doned the old stockade, which was afterwards (Dec. 24, 1862) almost entirely destroyed by the Sioux. The first military occupancy of the fort was in 1864, when Gen. Alfred Sully assigned a company of Iowa Cavalry to duty under the command of Capt. A. B. Moreland. The U. S. troops were withdrawn when the construction of Fort Stevenson was begun in 1867. In 1868, an Indian Agency was established at Fort Berthold. The three allied tribes continued to live at Fort Berthold until they were allotted land in the late 1880's. In 1893, the agency moved to Elbowoods, a more central location on the reservation. As a result of the Garrison Reservoir, the agency was moved again in 1953 to New Tov/n. (5, pp. 51,188; 19, vol. 22, no. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 33; 19, vol. 2, p. 205) FORT BERTHOLD POST OFFICE: See BLACKWATER. FORT MANDAN: The winter quarters of the Lewis and Clark expe­ dition party built on the east bank of'the Missouri River about 14 miles west of the present town of Washburn, occupying it on Nov. 20, 1804, and leaving it for their westward trek on April 7, 1805. Named for the friendly Mandan Indians, whose villages were nearby; it consisted of two rows of log huts built at an angle to each other, the open end protected by a log palisade. It was destroyed in a few years by a •change in the river channel. Twenty acres overlooking the Fort Mandan site deeded in 1926 to the North Dakota Historical Society has since been maintained as a state park. (Lewis and Clark Journals; 19, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 18; 23; p. 2) FORT MANEURY: Information on this fort or trading post is ex­ tremely obscure, but historians who have made research surveys, think this site is opposite the mouth of Skunk Creek in SE'/i, See 34 or SWl/j, See 35-150-92, which was a stage stop on the Fort Stevenson - Fort Buford trail. The post was named for Charles Malnouri, well- known trader at Fort Berthold, who operated this establishment some­ where in the general vicinity during the '70's. The site was recently inundated by waters of the Garrison Reservoir. (19, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 47) FORT STEVENSON: Named for Brig. Gen. Thomas G. Stevenson, a Union general, who was killed at the Battle of Spottsylvania, Va., May 175 12, 1864. The establishment of this two-company infantry post con­ structed in 1867-68 on the NEi/i, See 10-147-85, dates back to the mili­ tary expeditions of Gen. Henry H. Sibley and Gen. Alfred H. Sully into Dakota the summers of 1863-64. Gen. Sully had been instructed to select sites for two military forts between Fort Union and Fort Rice. His recommendations later resulted in the establishment of Forts Bu­ ford and Stevenson, and also the assignment of Iowa Cavalry to duty at the Fort Berthold Indian Agency and trading post for protection against the warring Sioux. The forts were to serve as links in a chain of military posts which extended along the Missouri River from Fort Randall through Fort Buford and into Montana, and also to serve as a link in the overland route between St. Paul, Minn., and Fort Benton, Mont. One of the most important reasons for the establishment of Fort Stevenson however, was to protect the Fort Berthold Indians against their enemy, the Sioux. On June 12, 1867, Co. K and Co. H, with Lt. Col. A. M. Powell and Capt. John Piatt commanding, disem­ barked from, the steamer Cornelia near the selected site of Fort Steven­ son and made camp. On June 22, 1867, Major J. N. G. Whistler ar­ rived and took command of the post and named it NEW FORT BERTHOLD. It was 18 miles from Fort Berthold. On July 9, 1867, the name was changed by the Department to Fort Stevenson. By the early 1880's it was no longer needed as a military post and was aban­ doned Aug. 7, 1883, and the buildings turned over to the Fort Berthold Indian Agency for school purposes. (19, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 27; 24, vol. 1, p. 110) FORT STEVENSON POST OFFICE: A post office was established at Fort Stevenson in July, 1867. The fort was abandoned as a military post on Aug. 7, 1883, and, of course, the post office was discontinued there. The fort site and buildings were turned over to the Fort Berthold Indian Agency for an Industrial School Aug. 7, 1883. A post office was established here Feb. 10, 1885, with Frank B. Wells, post­ master. The school and post office were discontinued Oct. 20, 1885, and mail sent to Coal Harbor. (80) GADY: A rural post office established April 23,1898, with Paul Gady, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 15, 1899. No ohter data available. (80) GARRISON: Named for the Garrison Creek nearby, which was named by the troops garrisoned at Fort Stevenson in 1864 for the spring-fed stream near the fort they used for bathing purposes. The town of Gar­ rison was started and named in the spring of 1903 by the Taylor bro­ thers, Theodore and Cecil H. of Bismarck, who by 1904 established a general merchandise store, lumber yard, residence, on the NWl/j, Sec. 6-147-84, just east of Garrison Creek, near the northern boundary of Fort Stevenson acreage, which was being sold to settlers. The post of- 176 fice was established June 17, 1903 with Cecil H. Taylor, postmaster. With the coming of the Soo Line R.R. in 1905, the buildings were moved to the town's present site, 41/4 miles north and V2 mile west to SWV4 Sec. 8-148-84. The old site will be inundated by waters of the Garrison Dam. Garrison organized as a village November 21, 1907; and as a city March 20, 1916. (Dr. John W. Robinson, Garrison, N. D.; vol. 22, nos. 1 & 2, p. 27; 80) GATEWAY: The name is apparent. This mushroom town sprung up in 1947 at the Soo Line Rwy. junction and depot, where the highway turns west to Riverdale, along which a gamut of boom towns dedicat­ ed to the welfare of the Garrison Dam workers; all of these towns were sooner or later abandoned. This roadway was known as "The Strip." (19, vol. 21, no. 4, Oct. 1954)

GREATSTONE: A post office, named for its township was estab­ lished January 5, 1904 in the sod house of Hareton Sabrovitch, post­ master, SEt/j, Sec. 8-149-81. The homesteaders in that area found many great stones to remove before the prairie sod could be broken and when the county was organized suggested the township be named Greatstone. The Post Office Dept. records indicate that the office at Greatstone was on the Star Mail Rotite from Darling to Washburn on which mail was carried six times per week; some time later, it was serviced by a special mail route. In October 1907, the post office was ] moved 2 /2 miles south to the N. Orton farm home and Mrs. Mabel E. Griffith appointed postmaster. The office was discontinued Sept. 30, 1912; mail sent to Coal Harbor. (80; R. R. Robinson, Washburn, N. D.)

HANCOCK: This Missouri River town once existed in NWV4 Sec. 29- 146-84 and was originally called Tough Timber. When the post office was established May 15, 1886 on NE1/4 32-146-84 it was named by the Virginia homesteaders for General W. S. Hancock, noted Civil War general, famous Indian fighter of the Northwest, Democratic nominee for president in 1880. The town had a brickyard, blacksmith shop, hotel, school house, church and the only ferry between Fort Yates and Buford; it was an important shipping point for grain, coal and wood. It was abandoned after a few years. The locality is still known as Hancock Bottom. (10, p. 749; 19, vol. 22, nos. 1 & 2, p. 24; 24, vol. 1, p. 99)

HIDDENY^OODS: On July 13, 1903, a post office was established in Sec. 3-150-87 on the south shore of Hiddenwoods Lake, for which it was named; in the Williams and Wright Store, with W. W. Wright as postmaster. The lake was named by the early settlers; descriptive of the grove of native trees here. The post office was discontinued August 14, 1909. (80) 177 HUBERTON: Platted on NEl/4 Sec. 9-149-89 for the proposed rail­ road townsite. Named for P. H. Huber, townsite proprietor and land­ owner nearby in See 3-148-84. The railroad never materialized and Huberton was but a ghost town. (25, p. 731) INDEPENDENCE: A Gros Ventra Community Center established in Sec. 11-149-91, now abandoned and inundated by the waters of the Garrison Dam. In 1885 Wolf Chief led a group of Mandans and Gros Ventres here from Like-a-Fish-Hook village; their desire to be inde­ pendent from the other Fort Berthold Indians they signalized in the name they gave the community. Wolf Chief urged that the agency be moved to this more central point on the reservation. In 1894 a day school was established here, a Congregational Church was erected in 1912, St. Anthony Church in 1912, and a community hall. (19, Vol. 22, nos. 1 & 2, p. 45) INGERSOLL: A post office was established Dec. 4, 1883 on Sec. 20- 146-81 in the farm home of the first postmaster John P. Linderleaf, who named it for Col. Robert G. Ingersoll, Civil War cavalry officer, lawyer, and agnostic lecturer of that day. Linderleaf was his admirer and enthusiast reader of the Star-Route Fraud trials of which Inger­ soll was council for the defense. The post office was discontinued Sept. 14, 1905. (24, p. 95; 80) JEANETTE: The name of this post office established June 23, 1905 in the home of Peter Romsaas on SE1/4 Sec. 3-149-86 was selected by the Post Office Department. The office was discontinued June 30, 1908; mail sent to Oscar P. O. (Mrs. S. G. Romsaas, Ryder, N. D.; 80) JOHNSON: A post office established on Sec. 20-150-86 on June 13, 1906 with Mary A. Johnson, postmaster; rescinded Sept. 11, 1906. LUCKY MOUND: The township, and an Indian village with a store, school and a Catholic Church established on Sec. 10-149-90 were named for Lucky Mound Creek there. The name is a corruption of the French, "L'eau qui monte," water that rises. Some late maps name it Deepwater Creek. The village site was abandoned to the wa­ ters of the Garrison Dam. (19, vol. 22, no. 1 & 2, p. 45) MALCOLM: A post office named for its township was established in Sec. 4 in the home of Ole C. Peterson, the postmaster on March 4, 1902; discontinued March 31, 1912. Swedish settlers from Lakes, Minn., named the township. Origin of the name not known. (11/3/55, A. A. Keel, Turtle Lake, N. D.; 80) MAX: This Soo Line R. R. station is one of the eight place names in North Dakota spelled with three letters. Paul Freitag, the first 178 postmaster, appointed July 13, 1904, named it for his eldest son, Max, when the post office was established in his home on the NWVi, Sec. 19-150-82. In 1906 the post office was moved to the railroad town- site, four miles west on SE14 Sec. 9 and SWl/i Sec. 10-150-83 and re­ tained the name Max. (42; 80) MAXWELL: A rural post office on the SEl/i Sec. 20-148-79 estab­ lished June 27, 1896 in the home of the postmaster, Lafayette Max­ well. Discontinued Dec. 16, 1906 and mail sent to Turtle Lake (80) McCOMB: A rural post office named for M. O. McComb, who resid­ ed on the NW*4 See 10 in Wise Twp. The Town Hall was constructed on the SW corner of his farm, in which a post office was established July 5, 1904 with Ramsey McComb, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 14, 1904. (80) MERCER: A Northern Pacific R. R. station named for its township, which was named for Wm..H. H. Mercer, a Civil War veteran from Pennsylvania who settled at Painted Woods in 1869. While there in 1877 he opened up the first farm north of Bismarck and had a bumper crop of 120 acres of wheat, which he flailed out by hand, totally 2,000 bushels. In the 1880's he lived for a time on his Coteax Ranch near the present site of Mercer established in 1905 on the SWi/4 Sec. 2, Mercer Twp. The post office was established here October 2, 1905, with Nelson Oleson, postmaster. While Mr. Mercer was known here as William Mercer, his name was Musser. He was a close friend of Gen. E. A. Williams, Bismarck, a territorial legislator, who named Mercer County in his honor. Mercer County is just across the Missouri River west from Mercer's Painted Woods farm (6, p. 158; 24, p. 112; 80)

MERIDA: A Soo R.R. siding and loading station in the alkali flats ten miles southeast of Washburn, named ROOSEVELT in 1902 by Gen. W. D. Washburn, who extended the railroad from Wilton to Washburn in 1901. Renamed Merida by 1913. The station was re­ moved in 1954. Origin of name not known. MILLER: See TURTLE LAKE. MINDEN: See FALKIRK.

MOWRER: A post office was established Oct. 5, 1903 on the NE-1/1: Sec. 12-149-85, eight miles south and one mile west of Douglas with Mrs. Fred Piatt, postmaster. The U. S. Postal Dept., selected the name. It has no local significance. G. W. Kinney operated a store while he was postmaster here. The post office was discontinued June 6, 1908 and mail sent to Douglas. (6/8/57 Thos. Akan, Roseglen, N. D.; 80) 179 NEW FORT BERTHOLD: See FORT STEVENSON. NEW JERUSALEM: Twenty-two families of Jewish refugees from southern Russia sent out from New York City by the Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society arrived at the Painted Woods Missouri River boat land­ ing, 30 miles north of Bismarck in June, 1882 to take up claims, pur­ chase railroad lands and establish a village. They congregated to­ gether in old country custom and erected a group of miserable ho­ vels, dugout abodes, shacks and huts on the first bench of the river bottom on what is now known as Nettle Creek school district Sec. 16-143-81. This place they called New Jerusalem. They continued to remain here until in August 1883, they were officially removed to go separately to their own lands. New Jerusalem was abandoned and the 14 buildings torn down and the material used on their var­ ious homesteads. (24, vol. 1, pp. 18-21) NISHU: This community center of the Arikara (Ree) tribe on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in the SWVi, see 21 and the NEl/j, Sec. 29-147-88 had a large circular log dance hall or lodge and sev­ eral lesser buildings, and was formerly known as ARMSTRONG in 1894 when a school was built here. It is thought to have been named for Charles Armstrong, a well-known Indian interpreter for the army at Standing Rock Reservation at that time; later a scout, guide and ranchman in that area. When the post office was established here in the 1920's, it was renamed Nishu, the Arikara word for arrow. The site is now inundated by the Garrison Dam. (12, 8/15/39; 19, vol. 22, nos. 1 & 2 p. 39; 7, p. 213) NUDELMAN: A colony of Russian Jews (see New Jerusalem) at­ tempted to found a village on NW% Sec. 23-143-81. They laid out a townsite of 32 blocks, the plat of which was filed May 17, 1888; named for Jacob Nudelman, the townsite proprietor. The town never developed and died in the embryo stage. (12, 8/15/39; 24, vol. 1, p. 21) OSCAR: A post office named for Oscar G. Gilbertson when it was established Feb. 16, 1903 in his farm home on SWVi Sec. 10-150-86. The following year he built an addition to the post office for use as a store. The office was discontinued May 15, 1909 with the coming of the railroad to Ryder, four miles southeast. (80) PACE: A rural post office established in the home of James M. Pace Sec. 22 of Heaton Township and discontinued in the early 1900s. Another record shows the post office was established Sept. 23, 1904 on Sec. 28-144-80 with Robert E. Sharp, postmaster, discontinued Feb. 29,\L908. (42, 10/8/02; 80) 180 PARK: Park Twp. 145 N., Range 79W and the post office established Dec. 14, 1903 on the SE1/4 Sec. 25-150-80 were both named for John Park, who settled in this area in 1892. His wife, Hannah Park, was postmaster until the post office was discontinued Jan. 31, 1910. (80) PERLEY: A rural post office established March 4, 1898 with Ma­ tilda J. Jones, postmaster, was first known as DOGDEN, named for the Dogden Buttes four miles southeast. In 1902 Erwin Perley homesteaded near here, on NEV4 See 6-150-79 and the post office was established in his home on Sept. 7, 1904 with Emma Perley, postmaster and the name changed to PERLEY. Then on Dec. 31, 1907 the post office was discontinued and mail sent to Ruso. (80) RAUB: This was the first post office established on the Fort Berth- old Indian Reservation. It was named for Jacob Raub, the earliest settler in this area. The post office was established in Feb. 1913 on his homestead in the NWl/j, Sec. 23-149-89, some 18 miles from the railroad, with Mrs. Nellie Taylor, postmaster. In 1915 the Raub post office and store were moved to the home of A. P. Blonde on Sec. 8. Then in. 1916 T. C. Veum developed Raub from a single enterprise to a small village on Sec. 19-149-89. (42;80) REED: A post office was established Oct. 30, 1882 in the home of James H. Reed a Civil War soldier, who homesteaded on Sec. 20-143-81 bordering the Missouri River on which he filed proof May 1883. It served the postal requirements of the immediate neighborhood of Painted Woods Lake until it was discontinued in April 14, 1884 and the Falconer Post Office in Sec. 28-143-81 was established the follow­ ing month, which served the area. (24, vol. 1, p. 108; 80) RIVERDALE: The town built by the Federal Government at the Garrison Dam site on Sec. 3-146-84 that farmer Espy Ash had owned for 44 years before selling it to the Government in 1946 was named by Mrs. T. O. Lervick of Granville in a series of contests conducted in the State in February of that year with the cooperation of 24 news­ papers. One of 20,000 participants, Mrs. Lerwick was awarded a cash prize of $24 by the nine-man judging board of State officials who made the final choice from 45 names submitted to them, her name having been submitted by the Granville Herald. (12, 6/10/53) RIVERDALE JUNCTION: Soo Line R. R. spur station at the junc­ tion of branch to the government town of Riverdale. (32) ROACH: In the early 1890s, a post office was established on the Chas. T. Staley ranch east of Snake Creek on the SW'/i, See 10-147-84. Long since discontinued. This was on the overland freight route between Coal Harbor and Velva which was then, one of the most traveled 181 thoroughfares in the country. It was named for William N. Roach, who came to the state in 1879 as representative of a firm of mail contractors; homesteaded near Larimore; served as mayor of that town from 1883-87; was defeated as Democratic candidate for gover­ nor in the first state election; was elected U. S. representative in 1885; as U. S. senator in 1893. (38, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 5; 38, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 13, 24) ROBINSON: See EMMET. RONEY: A post office established March 16, 1905 on SWV4 Sec. 23 of Emmet Twp., with E. Jennie Roney, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 31, 1909. (6/17/57. Thomas Akan, New Town, N. D.; 80) ROOSEVELT: See MERIDA. ROSEGLEN: In 1904 a petition for a post office signed by the com­ munity's homesteaders was sent to the Postal Department and with it the surname of six settlers, from which to select one for the post office name, (Hill, Glenwood, Snippen, Kolden, Glennon, Shea and Rostad), but all were rejected. Soon afterwards several petitioners met at the home of Johannes H. Snippen on NWV4 Sec. 13-149-87, to consider a name for the post office which was to be established here, when the picture of roses on a seed catalogue attracted the attention of one, who suggested rose and the surname of his neighbor, Patrick H. Glennon, be combined. The name Roseglennon was sent to the postal department, where it was shortened to ROSEGLEN and ac­ cepted. The post office was established March 16, 1904. Postmaster Snippen carried the mail from Oscar Post Office for six months before the mail route was extended to Roseglen. A few years ago the post office was moved four miles northwest to its present site on the NW1/4 Sec. 13-149-87. (5/10/57; John Hill, Washburn, N. D.; 80) RUSO: This Soo Line Rwy. station supposedly named by an agent instrumental in bringing immigrants from Russia, who settled in this area. It is a Russian name meaning "south of us." The Ruso townsite founded in See 5-150-80 was named July 17, 1906; organized as a village July 7, 1909. (76) SCATTER VILLAGE: On NE% Sec. 5-147-90, a small group of dwellings, filling stations, garages and other buildings scattered about the approach of Four Bears Bridge completed across the Mis­ souri River in 1933 was referred to collectively as Scatter Village. It was abandoned by 1950 and is inundated now by the Garrison Dam. (20, p. 28) SHELL CREEK: This was the Hidatsa community on .See 8-150-91 settled largely by a seceding group of Gros Ventres, who under the 182 leadership of Crow-Flies-High had broken away from their fellow tribesmen of Fort Berthold Indian Reservation some 25 years pre­ viously. It was named for the small stream that meanders through it. The French named the creek, Coquille, meaning shell, because of the many shells on its bed. A few stores, a dance hall, a school, two churches, the Central Agency's experimental farm and a handful of dwellings made up the place. In 1954 it was abandoned and is now inundated by waters of the Garrison Dam. (7, p. 215; 10, p. 786; 19, vol. 22 no. 1 & 2 p. 46) SIG: A post office established Aug. 16, 1921 on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, which was supplied from Van Hook. Poor Wolf suggested it be named Sig (diminutive of Sigurd) for A. Sigurd Kjelstrup, storekeeper there, who was appointed postmaster. The office operated but a short while. (42, 8/19/21; 81)

SILVER CITY: The first Garrison Dam boom town; established in Sept. 1945 by O. A. Burgeson, townsite proprietor, who named it and painted the first buildings silver color. Its peak of population was 425 in June 1947, since then it has steadily declined until now it is all but a ghost town. (O. A. Burgeson, Coleharbor, N. D. 6/13/55) SITKA: A Garrison Dam boom town established on NWV4 Sec. 5-146-83 by H. C McNulty in 1947 on land leased from Mrs. Esther (Nelson) Haakenstad, Minneapolis, Minn., a former resident here. She and her husband named the town at McNulty's request. Mr. Haakenstad had been to Sitka, Alaska, just prior to this and he saw a similarity of landscape which made it appropriate to name it Sitka. The townsite did not materialize beyond a power plant, a super mar­ ket and a few lesser buildings, which at this date are being removed. Sitka was served by a rural route from Coleharbor. (Dave M. Robinson, Coleharbor, N. D. 7/28/58) SNAKE: A rural post office established March 29, 1895 with William Lacy, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 16, 1896. Named for Snake Creek near which it was located. The creek, one time was the boun­ dary line of Southwest McLean and was so named for it was a remarkable vicinity for garter or striped snakes. (24, vol. 2, p. 37; 80) SPRING COULEE: See WELLER.

TIEBELL: A rural post office established Dec. 9, 1903 with Joseph Tiebel, postmaster; discontinued July 6, 1904. No othor data avail­ able. (80) TOUGH TIMBER: See HANCOCK. 183 TURTLE LAKE: Named for the lake, that takes its name from its shape, rather than from reptilian inhabitants of its waters. The ear­ liest homesteader on the south side of the lake was Peter Miller, who in 1884 filed on NEVi of Sec. 26-147-81; in his farmhouse here the Turtle Lake post office was established Jan. 25, 1886; mail brought from Washburn. Next year he added to his frame house a leanto and stocked it with merchandise. During the years in which he served a wide homestead area other business places opened up nearby, and the MILLER townsite was promoted. A 1902 survey of the N.P.R.R. bypassed the townsite and it was discovered that the railroad com­ pany, had bought SEVJI, See 27-147-81, a few miles west of the lake, for double siding purposes on its right-of-way. This land was owned by a Mr. Wanamaker of Columbus, Ohio, and here the WANAMAKER townsite was promoted, to which the post office moved, without its name being changed; Christian Paulson was appointed postmaster. Wanamaker and Miller became known locally as twin cities. Again the post office was moved, after the N. P. R. R. in July 1905, made another survey, north of Turtle Lake, to the present site of Turtle Lake on SE14 of Sec. 29-147-80, which they had purchased from A. F. Eggert and platted in May 1905. The Miller and Wanamaker townsites were abandoned so was ARVIDSON, the townsite that J. W. Arvidson plat­ ted and named for himself on land he owned—Sec. 28 Lake Williams Twp. adjoining on the east of the Turtle Lake townsite; the project failed, he sold the property and it became an addition to the town of Turtle Lake, which incorporated as a village in 1907. (26, 9/19/40; 80)

TURTLE VALLEY: A post office established Oct. 31, 1877 in the homestead cabin of the postmaster, George G. Rhude, which stood near the mouth of Turtle Creek in Turtle Creek Valley, about two miles southeast of the present town of Washburn. Rhude's home was a popular stopping place for the traveler between Fort Steven­ son and Bismarck in pioneer days. The post office was discontinued Sept. 4, 1882 when Rhude was appointed postmaster of Washburn's newly established post office. (80; 83)

UNDERWOOD: The plat for this townsite on Sees. 20-21,-146-82 was filed July 4, 1903. The post office was established Aug. 10, 1903 with Rose A. Ward, postmaster. General W. D. Washburn, the town- site owner and builder of the railroad that reached here in 1902, (the Bismarck, Washburn and Great Falls R. R., now the Soo Line) named the town for his friend and associate, Fred D. Underwood, of Ender- lin, vice-president of this railroad. The village incorporated in 1908. (42, 6/22/01; 80) VICTORIA: See COLEHARBOR. 184 WALKERTOWN: Named for James Walker, a squawman and first white settler, who in 1878 homesteaded on the heavily wooded lower flats of the Missouri about opposite the present town of Stanton. His land became known as Walker's Bottom; the dock where steamboats tied up for wood at Walker's Landing; the settlement that grew around it as Walkertown. E. T. Winston, postmaster and storekeeper at Fort Stevenson, which had just been abandoned, surveyed and platted Walkertown in July, 1883. The town existed a number of years, but when the post office was discontinued in May, 1886, and established at Hancock nearby, it eventually became a ghost town. (24, vol. 1, p. 98; vol. 2 p. 27) WANAMAKER: See TURTLE LAKE. WASHBURN: The founders, John Satterlund and John S. Veeder, local homesteaders from Wisconsin, officially established the town on Sees. 14 and 24-144-82, Nov. 1, 1882 and named it for Cadwallader Colden Washburn, 1872-1874, Civil War vet­ eran and member of Congress, whom they knew personally. The Washburn Times, May 24, 1883 states these facts. There is some con­ fusion about Washburn being named for Gen. W. D. Washburn, a brother of C. C, who came into prominence 18 years later when he founded the neighboring town of Wilton, opened up the Washburn Lignite Coal Mines there and extended the Bismarck, Washburn & Great Falls R. R. to Washburn in 1901. The Washburn post office was established Sept. 4, 1882 with George G. Rhude, postmaster in his home in east Washburn. On. Oct. 19, 1882 the post office was moved to John S. Veeder's general merchandise store, when he was appointed postmaster. Washburn on the east bank of the Missouri River was one of the earliest steamboat landings in the state and served as an important shipping and trading center in pioneer days. It was designated as the county seat Nov. 1, 1883. (24, p. 28; 80) WELLER: McLean County: Charles Weller, ti Civil War soldier came to D. T. in 1878 and homesteaded about 14 miles northwest of the pres­ ent town of Washburn, SEl/i, Sec. 12-145-83. A post office was soon established in his home, which he named SPRING COULEE for the springs in the coulee here. He was appointed postmaster and his home was a stopping place for travelers on this government Star Mail Route from Bismarck to the upriver forts. The post office name was changed to Weller Feb. 26, 1883; discontinued Oct. 31, 1906. (24, vol. 1, p. 82; 80) WELLERVILLE: In May 1883 a townsite company of local settlers platted a townsite of 16 biocks on El/2 SEVi Sec. 1-145-83 about a half mile north of the Weller post office which was destined to become a 185 ghost town. It was named for Charles Weller, townsite promoter and first settler in the area. (24, vol. 2, p. 84) WILTON: In 1898, Gen. W. D. Washburn, former U. S. Senator from Minnesota and flour mill industrialist of Minneapolis purchased 113,000 acres of Northern Pacific grant lands in this area and began developing its resources and promoting its settlement. He selected the Wilton townsite May 10, 1899, named it for his former home in Maine, filed the plat of 15 blocks on SWV4 Sec. 35-143-80 on Oct. 18, 1899. Es­ tablished the Bismarck, Washburn and Great Falls R. R. which was completed from Bismarck in July 1900. Opened the Washburn Lig­ nite Coal Mine, one mile east, in 1901 which in a few years operation became the largest in the State; in 1907 added a brick factory to it with four large down-draft kilns which produced 20,000 bricks daily. Wilton was incorporated as a village in 1902 and as a city March 8, 1912 the post office was established June 20, 1899 with Philip K. Eastman, postmaster. (Wilton News 4/10/36; 80) WIPRUD: See CASEY.

MERCER COUNTY ALDERIN: A post office established in the home of Goran Alderin the first permanent, white settler in 1881, between Stanton and Hensler; located in the Missouri River bottom land, north of Mandan Lake, near the ruined stockade of old Fort Clark, and the burial grounds where lay the victims of the smallpox scourge that visited the Mandan Indians living here in 1828. (8, p. 35; 11, p. 195) ARCIS: A short-lived inland post office established Feb. 8, 1897 with George Kuck, Jr., postmaster; discontinued June 21, 1901 and mail sent to Expansion. Origin of name not known. (80) BEAUMONT: See HUB. BENTON: A Missouri River boat landing established on the op­ posite side of the river from the Fort Stevenson Reservation in the late '70s flourished for a while and then became a ghost town. It was named for the well-known steamboat, Benton, which plied the Mis­ souri from St. Louis to Fort Benton. (5, p. 235; 6, p. 188; 38, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 24) BEULAH: In 1911 Dr. Norman E. Vredenburg platted a townsite near the Knife River on Sec. 16-144-85 and named it TROY for Troy, N. Y. Some months later he sold it to the Tuttle Land Co., It was re-sur­ veyed and named BEULAH for Beulah Stinchcombe, a niece of Lee C. Pettibone, an officer of the land company. Previous to this there was a post office here named THOMAS for the first postmaster, 186 Thomas P. Farrington; on Feb. 21, 1910 it was re-named FARRING­ TON, with Richard Farrington, postmaster. On April 29, 1914 the post office name was changed to Beulah to conform to that of the town. Joseph C. Evans was appointed postmaster and regular train service was inaugurated. (F. J. Froeschle, Hazen, N. D.; 8, p. 51; 80) BIG BEND: The townsite was probably named for the big bend in the Missouri River, plainly viewed from Sec. 19-147-84, a part of which was platted by a party of promoters from Milwaukee, Wis., headed by Dr. Alexander Schutt, who tried to develop a town. A post office was established June 27, 1905 with Paul H. Spangenberg, postmaster. Several hundred lots were sold in Wisconsin. J. E. He- deen was the owner of the townsite by July 1908 on which was a lum­ ber yard, a hotel and several store buildings. But soon became de­ serted and became a ghost town. The post office had been discontin­ ued July 14, 1906 and mail sent to Mannhaven. It is said the only one to take up residence, was a poor Milwaukee laborer, who said he had invested all of his life's savings in a lot. (8, p. 49; 80)

BOWDISH: A rural post office on Sec. 9-144-85 established June 3, 1908 with James A. Bowdish, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 15, 1915 and mail sent to Beulah. (80) BRONCHO: This is a Spanish • name applied to native Mexican horses, meaning rough and wild. It is now applied to any untamed range horse and shortened to "bronc" in cowboy land. Harvey Ha­ ven, one of the first white men to settle in the western part of Mer­ cer County, one of whose occupations was gathering buffalo bones for sale, established a post office on his ranch April 11, 1890 and named it for the range horse. Fannie K. Haven was the first postmaster; Mr. Haven's nephew, Lee Haven, was the first mail carrier. The post office was discontinued May 15, 1916 and mail sent to Golden Valley. (8, p. 27; 80) CAMBRIDGE: A post office near the Knife River on Sec. 13-144-85 was established Dec. 18, 1906 with Hans J. Johnson, postmaster, who named it for his former home, Cambridge, Minn. The post office was discontinued Oct. 14, 1916 and mail sent to Hazen. (12/15/1959, Mrs. Ben Janssen, Stanton, N. D.; 80) CAUSEY: Peter C. Causey, a Civil War veteran, drifted into this part of North Dakota in the 70's and established himself near the Knife River Wood Yard, where he found employment as a wood chop­ per and trapper. Oct. 10, 1882 a post office was established here on the NW14. See 15-145-84, which was given his name and of which he was postmaster. The community was originally settled in 1882 187 by a colony from Hanover, Germany, of which August and Edward Heinemeyer were the leaders. The post office was discontinued in June 1894. (8, p. 23; 19, vol. 22, no. 1 & 2; 80) DEAPOLIS: A village on the Missouri River that flourished for a time and declined with the steamboat trade, on a site (SW1^ Sec. 16-144-84) where Lewis and Clark found a Mandan Indian village. A post office was established April 28, 1888 in the home of Herman Dan­ ielson, postmaster and founder of the village, who named it. He re­ placed the first letter of the ancient city of the Bible, Neapolis, with the first letter of his own surname. About 1907, the post office was moved to O. R. Thure's store near the elevator on the river bank. In 1910 Deapolis had a population of 15. The post office was discontin­ ued Jan. 31, 1916 and mail sent to Stanton. Nothing remains of the village now. (12/1/59, Mrs. Ben Janssen, Stanton, N. D.; 19, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 21; 80) DEFIANCE: Two miles south of the Fort Berthold Indian Reserva­ tion, a post office was established Dec. 23, 1908 with Mark P. Malcom postmaster. By June 4, 1909 a blacksmith shop was constructed there, but little else. The post office was discontinued Dec. 14, 1918 and mail sent to Dodge. For origin of the name see FORT DEFIANCE. (80) EXPANSION: once maintained a trading post where this town was founded on NEl/j, Sec. 27-147-86 by John Bloodgood of New Salem and Jacob Kruckenberg of Hazen in 1899 and was des­ tined to become a Missouri River ghost town. The name they gave it indicates their prediction as to its growth. The post office was es­ tablished April 18, 1901 with Kruckenberg, postmaster. Assisted by the farmers of the vicinity, they built the steamboat Expansion, the first to be constructed in Mercer County and launched it here with elaborate ceremonies. The town thrived for a number of years when large shipments of grain by boat were made to Bismarck, but with the construction of the N.P.R.R. to Killdeer in 1914, its decline was rapid. The post office was discontinued Dec. 15, 1922 and mail sent to Krem. There is nothing left today of this once thriving river-boat town except a few cellar pits, the outlines of its roads and streets and the foundation of an elevator ( 8, p. 47; 19, vol. 22, no. 1 & 2, p. 30; 80) FARRINGTON: See BEULAH. FORT DEFIANCE: A fur trading post established in 1845 by Alex­ ander Harvey and Francois A. Chardon, discharged employees of Fort McKenzie. They had been dismissed because of their lawless-. 188 ness and their abuse of the Indians and in defiance established an op­ position company known as Harvey, Premeau & Co., and erected this headquarters post, six miles above the Big Bend of the Missouri and continued in business several years. (5, pp. 175-178) FORT LEWIS: See FORT VANDERBURGH. : See FORT VANDERBURGH. FORT MANUEL LISA: See FORT VANDERBURGH. FORT PRIMEAU: A fur trading post established by Charles Pri­ meau a few miles above Fort Clark, which he soon sold to A. C Haw- ley and James B. Hubbell. Two years later that firm abandoned Fort Primeau and it was occupied by the American Fur Co. Charles Primeau was a clerk for the American Fur Co., at Fort Union in 1831 and was an interpreter at Fort Yates, where he died in 1897. (5, p. 236) FORT TILTQN: The site of this short-lived trading post built in 1822 by James Kipp, who was associated with the American Fur Co., is a matter of conjecture. Evidence indicates it may be located on the left bank of the Missouri about three miles above the site of Fort Clark. It was garrisoned by J. P. Tilton and five other men. The hostile Arikara moved up the river following Leavenworth's campaign to subdue them in 1823 and their proximity to the post endangered the entire garrison. A trading house was erected in the Mandan villages across the river and the old fort was abandoned. The old palisades were cut down close to the ground and the logs floated down to the village to be used again. In the winter of 1825-1826, James Kipp es­ tablished a post on the White River and abandoned his Mandan trad­ ing house. (5, p. 168; 8, p. 41; 19, vol. 22, no. 1 & 2, p. 20) FORT VANDERBURGH: In 1809, the Missouri Fur Co., directed by Manuel Lisa, one of the most important fur traders on the upper Mis­ souri River, erected a trading post on the right bank of the Missouri River about nine miles above the present village of Stanton. It was known variously as LISA'S FORT, FORT LISA, FORT MANUEL LISA and FORT LEWIS, the latter for Reuben Lewis, brother of Meriwether Lev/is, co-leader of the Lewis & Clark Expedition, who operated it until its abandonment in 1812. In 1822 or 1823 after Lea­ venworth's campaign which subdued the Arikara, the site was oc­ cupied briefly by , one time head of the Missouri Fur Co., who named it Fort Vanderburgh in honor of Capt. William Hen­ ry Vanderburgh, a member of the company. (5, p. 162; 7, p. 335; 8, p. 41; 19, vol. 1, no. 1 & 2, p. 85; 31, p. 118) FRIEPENTHAL: A rural post office established Feb. 24, 1908 with Peter Boechel, postmaster; discontinued June 15, 1909. Origin of name not known. (80) 189 GILMA: An inland post office established Feb. 29, 1916 wtih Knute C. Star, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 15, 1917 and mail sent to He­ bron. Origin of name not known. (80) GOLPENVALLEY: The townsite was platted in 1895 on Section 15-144-90 by the Tuttle Land Co., and given the name OLANTA, which remains unexplained. George V. Bratzell operated a store nearby and established a post office in it named Goldenvalley, May 11, 1909. In 1914 he moved his building to the townsite, where railroad service had been established. The townspeople adopted the name of the post office, descriptive of the wide fields of ripened grain in the val­ ley of Spring Creek at that time. (8, p. 53; 80) HAZEN: Alexander F. Roberts, known as "Sandy" Roberts, came here in Oct. 1882 and squatted on land, a part of which later became the townsite of Hazen. In 1884, he established the first post office in this part of the Knife River Valley and served as postmaster. On Feb. 12, 1885 L. Jones was appointed postmaster. He named the town for A. D. Hazen, Third Assistant Postmaster General at that time. The village incorporated in 1914. (8, p. 29; 20, p. 302; 80) HUB: A rural post office named BEAUMONT for the local ranch­ er, who established it on Sec. 12-144-85 a few miles west of Deapolis, on Aug. 6, 1906 with Sarah Jane Brown, postmaster. On April 11, 1907 the name was changed to HUB for Hub Brown, the postmaster's husband. The post office was discontinued Nov. 30, 1912 and mail sent to Stanton. (12/1/59, Mrs. Ben Janssen, Stanton, N. D.; 80) KASMER: Kasimir Mastel, who had a blacksmith shop on his farm near Ree, established a post office near it March 12, 1908 and named it Kasmer (anglicized spelling of his given name). A village formed here and flourished for a few years, but when the railroad was built into Zap, the business places moved there and Kasmer was soon de­ serted. The post office was discontinued Jan. 31, 1915 and mail sent to Ree. (8, p. 49; 80) KREM: The post office was established Sept. 17, 1888 by Carl Sem­ mler, who named it Krem (the Crimea), Southern Russia, former home of many settlers in this area. Samuel Sprecher was appointed first postmaster. Eight years later it was moved to its present site. Krem became the largest town in the county, until new towns came into existence when the railroad was surveyed up the Knife River and Spring Creek Valleys. (8, p. 47; 76; 80) KRONTHAL: In 1900 a post office was established in the Kronthal settlement on Sec. 14-146-87 with Robert Heiser, postmaster. Sept. 13, 1902 Peter Weigum was appointed postmaster. The origin of the name Kronthal is not known. A store was erected and a creamery, 190 but the venture was not a success, the distance to the nearest grain market, New Salem, was too far. The creamery was destroyed by fire, the post office was discontinued May 15, 1911 and mail sent to Expansion, where the store merchandise had been moved and Kron­ thal soon became another ghost town. (8, p. 49; 80) LISA'S FORT: See FORT VANDERBURGH MANNHAVEN: A Missouri River town in Sec. 7-146-84, named for Wm. Henry Mann of New Salem, N. D., an early merchant and poli­ tician, had its beginning in 1896, when Mann, Jacob Bohrer, Sr., and Fred Bohrer, the townsite owners organized and sold stock in a com­ pany known as the Mannhaven Merc. & Transportation Co. The fol­ lowing year, a store building and warehouse were erected and the steamboat, Bismarck, was built to carry grain, and Mannhaven be­ came a flourishing port until the N.P.R.R. was constructed to Kill­ deer in 1914, when it declined rapidly. The post office established Jan. 15, 1898 with Henry M. Pfenning, postmaster was discontinued March 15, 1928 and mail sent to Krem. All that remains of Mann­ haven is one residence, that of J. Young, an original resident. (8, p. 45; 19, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 26; 20, p. 316; 80) MERCER: A short-lived rural post office named for its county es­ tablished Feb. 13, 1886 with Gertie Mood, postmaster; discontinued April 18, 1888 and mail sent to Stanton. (80) MERCER CITY: Named for the county, which was named for Wm. H. H. Mercer, a pioneer rancher here. The townsite was platted by members of the Lutheran Colonization Bureau of Chicago on Sec. 5-144-85, of which about 25 lots were sold. Mercer City drew but a single resident, George Hawley, one of the first county commis­ sioners. (8, p. 45) MORGANVILLE: On March 3, 1885 a post office was established in Frank C. Morgan's cabin of logs, rock and sod, which stood about 150 feet from the bank of Spring Creek, near its mouth. The first postmaster was widely known as Longhaired Morgan. He was an educated man, who chose the life of a trapper and hunter. His post office was at the end of the first pony-express route, which started at Weller on the Bismarck-Ft. Stevenson stage route, crossed the Mis­ souri at Elm Point, and thence ran west via Causey and Hazen to Morganville. (8, p. 25; 80) NOESATZ: A rural post office established Sept. 16, 1909 with J. S. McLaughlin, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 31, 1918 and mail sent to Goldenvalley. Origin of name not known. (80) OLANTA: See GOLDENVALLEY. 191 OLD STANTON: A thriving town with a fine landing on the Mis­ souri at the mouth of the Big Knife River. Old Stanton grew up on land that Thos. McGrath homesteaded in 1882. In the same year his brother, James, was appointed postmaster and next year Thomas McGrath laid out the town. With the coming of the railroad it be­ came a ghost town. In 1898 it was abandoned for the present site of Stanton. (11, p. 195) PICK CITY: Established in 1947 on the west bank of the Missouri River to accommodate the Garrison Dam workers. Named for Gen. Lewis A. Pick, Chief of the Army Engineers and co-author of the Pick-Sloan, plan for Missouri River development. (12, 6/10/53; 61, 3/27/47) REPUBLIC: A Northern Pacific Railroad spur, two miles east of Zap to the Zap Collieries; constructed in 1922. Named for the Re­ public Coal Co. of Minneapolis, Minn., owners of the mine here. (73) REE: In 1909, The Expansion Lumber & Merc. Co., established a bTanch lumber yard on the NWI/i, Sec. 4-147-88 of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, the site once was an Arikara Indian village. A post office named STOELTINGTON for Benjamin Stoeltington, the local lumber yard manager, was established Dec. 2, 1908 with C. B. Heinemeyer, postmaster. An elevator and store were soon erected. Th post office name was changed to Ree on Aug. 27, 1909 with Henry G. Klindsworth, postmaster. Ree is short for Arikara. With the coming of the N.P.R.R. into the region south of it, Ree was abandoned. The post office was discontinued Oct. 15, 1929 and mail sent to Beu­ lah. The Beaver Creek Store known locally as Ree, on the 1935 map of the reservation indicates it was then in SW*4 Sec. 5-146-88, about one and one-half miles from the site of the old town, inundated now by the Garrison Dam. (8, p. 47; 19, vol. 22, no. 1 & 2, p. 39; 80) RONDA: An inland post office established May 27, 1907 with John Kaufmann, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 15, 1913 and mail sent to Bowish. Origin of name not known. (80) SLATON: A post office established Jan. 29, 1885 in the home of the postmaster, James B. Slaton; discontinued April 14, 1891 and mail sent to Causey. (80) SOFIA: A rural post office established Jan. 25, 1906 with David D. Mitchell, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 10, 1913 and mail sent to Goldenvalley. Origin of name not known. (80) STANTON: Lewis and Clark found a Mandan Indian village on this site in Oct., 1804 with the name Mah-har-ha. On the first bench over- 192 looking the Missouri River, it later served as a river port. Two bro­ thers, Thomas and James McGrath, came here in 1882 and built a log cabin, and next year filed a preemption, laid in a stock of groceries. On Dec. 4 that winter, established a post office in their cabin and gave it their mother's maiden name. James McGrath was postmas­ ter. This village that grew up on Sec. 6-144-84 was incorporated as a village in 1909. Several years prior to 1906, the town was entirely deserted; but in that year the site was re-settled and a court house was erected in 1907. (7, p. 319; 8, p. 29; 76) STOELTINGTON: See REE. THOMAS: See BEULAH. TILTON'S FORT: See FORT TILTON. TROY: See BEULAH. ZAP: Although an "Old Settlers' History of Zap," 1944, asserts that the name was borrowed from a coal-mining hamlet in Scotland and adopted May 29, 1913, another account is that the town was named for a prominent Minnesota banking family, with whom the townsite proprietors were doing business at that time. The original townsite established in 1890, just east of the present location was owned by the Tuttle Land Co. It proved unsatisfactory, and was abandoned and replatted in May 1913, on the homestead of Jacob Kraft, Sec. 14-144-89. The post office was established June 20, 1914 with Delia Thompson, postmaster. Zap incorporated as a village in 1917. (8, p. 53; 53; 76; 80)

MORTON COUNTY ALMONT: Named for the Altamont Moraine, seen in the vicinity. This is a French name, "alta" (high), "mont" (hill). Almont was es­ tablished in 1883 as a Northern Pacific siding and loading station. In the summer of 1906, E. W. Hyde and J. W. Burt, selected this site for a lumber yard, founding the village. The post office was estab­ lished here Nov. 15, 1936 with E. E. Templeton as postmaster. The village incorporated in 1936. (Almont Jubilee Book, June 1956; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BABY MINE: A small coal mine on Sec. 34-131-85 near which a post office was established June 21, 1880 with Robert McKee, postmaster; discontinued May 24, 1881; re-established June 15, 1881; discontinued Aug. 3, 1881 and mail sent to New Salem. (80) BAHM: A rural post office established March 7, 1912 about 16 miles NW of Flasher with John Bahm, Sr., postmaster, who brought the 193 mail twice weekly from New Salem. It was discontinued Sept. 30, 1916 and mail sent to New Salem. (80) BARNES: A post office established Aug. 5, 1908 on NE1/4 Sec. 8-136-83 with Franklin Moreland, postmaster, named for Henry Barnes, a lo­ cal homesteader, who came from Saginaw, Mich., in 1900. The post office was moved twice to adjoining land sections and discontinued Oct. 31, 1929; mail was then sent to Mandan. (12/1/58, Mrs. Lyle L. Dawson, St. Anthony, N. Dak., 80) BETHEL: A rural post office a few miles east of Almont, estab­ lished May 11, 1909 with Gustav Sturn, postmaster; discontinued April 30, 1913 and mail sent to Judson. It was named by Mrs. Sophia Albrecht, Sr., who helped found a church there, which still serves the community. She gave the post office a Hebrew Biblical name meaning "The House of God." (6/25/62, Mrs. Richard A. Kunkel, New Salem, N. D., an early settler of Bethel; 80) BLUEGRASS: A rural post office established near the north central border of the county July 2, 1902 with Wilheim C. Michaels, post­ master; discontinued Jan. 5, 1924. See Blue Grass Station for origin of the name. (80) BLUE GRASS STATION: Originally known as SECOND SIDING for it was the second Northern Pacific Ry. siding west of Mandan, which is three and a half miles west of New Salem. The railroad surveyors in 1880 applied the latter name because of the wide-bladed, blue-colored, bunch grass found here in considerable abundance. The township also bears the same name. An article in the Dickinson Ju­ bilee Edition claims that Custer's Cavalry brought the seed from Kentucky. (19, vol. 13, no. 3) BLY'S MINE: A coal mine settlement near Sims, owned and oper­ ated by Eber H. Bly, a native of New York, who came west in the 70's as a N.P.R.R. contractor. Later he built and operated hotels in Bis­ marck and Medora and a saw mill on Apple Creek. (19, vol. 13, no. 1 & 2, p. 137) BREIEN: When this village on the north bank of the Cannon Ball River was established a few miles east of Timmer on the N.P. Rail­ way branch in 1910 it was named PARKIN for the Parkin brothers, pioneer ranchers along the Cannon Ball River. Edward Jacobson, an early settler, founder of this town and later postmaster suggested that the name of the post office to be established here May 6, 1916 with Ellen J. Ring, postmaster, be named Breien, which was his name before changing it after coming to the United States from Norway. 194 On Oct. 11, 1916 the name of the village was changed to conform with that of the post office. (Almont Jubilee Book, 6/56; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 31, p. 508; 38, vol. 3, no. 12, p. 241; 73; 80) CARBON: See SIMS. CAMP GREENE: In April, 1872, a military supply camp was es- tablished for the protection of the engineers and working parties of the N. P. R. R., some three miles below the site of Fort Abraham Lincoln, at the mouth of the Little Heart River. K. Company of the 17th Inf., under the command of Lieut. O. D. Greene was sent up from Fort Rice to occupy the post. It was thought then that Camp Greene was to be a permanent post, but three months later the camp was abandoned when its garrison was withdrawn to establish Fort Mc- Keen. (5, p. 338; 23, p. 5; 69, 7/13/56) CREAMERY: A post office petition granted June 12, 1900 and Ed­ ward F. Letterly appointed postmaster; rescinded Aug. 14, 1900. Ori­ gin of name not known. (80) CROWN BUTTE: See SAINT VINCENT. CURLEW: A loading station a few miles west of Almont on the N.P.R.R. named for its officials for the nearby creek, Big Muddy, formerly known as Curlew because of the long-billed curlew, one of our largest shore birds was a common summer resident of this area, nesting on the open prairie along the creek. It is also recorded that this station was named for Capt. Curlew, who was killed by the In­ dians in this locality. (Lewis F. Crawford, Sentinel Butte, N.D.; 19, vol. 13, no. 3) CUSHMAN: See MANDAN. CYNCH: A rural post office on the Little Heart River established Jan. 28, 1895 with Conrad Hoeffler, postmaster; discontinued April 8, 1897 and mail sent to Mandan. Origin of name not known. (80) DENGATE: A N.P.R.R. siding established in June 1946, named for Pvt. Roy Wm. Dengate of Jamestown, the first North Dakota em­ ployee of this railroad to be killed in World War II. (John Mickelson, Engineering Dept., N.P.R.R., 5/25/48) DeVAUL: A post office established Sept. 9, 1905 on Sec. 30-136-84, (one-half mile west of Heart River Bridge, now known as DeVaul Bridge) with Elmer H. DeVaul, postmaster, who promoted the con­ struction of this bridge, completed in 1908. He operated a general merchandise store in which the post office was located and had to 195 haul his merchandise from New Salem. The post office was discon­ tinued June 15, 1911 and mail sent to Timmer. (80) DIAMOND: A post office established July 6, 1905, six miles north of Breien on the Diamond N Ranch with Harry Potter, postmaster; discontinued April 30, 1914 and mail sent to Heart. (73; 80) DUKE SPUR: A Northern Pacific Ry. spur loading station named for G. M. (Duke) Lambert, trainmaster at Mandan. (73) EAGLE'S NEST: A Northern Pacific loading station' midway of Glen Ullin and Hebron derives its name from a neighboring butte. (10, p. 738) FALLON: A post office was established April 2, 1900 in the home of the postmaster, James A. Fallon, on Chantapeta Creek NWV4 Sec. 4-135-83. In 1909 the Fallon post office was moved to the NEV4 Sec. 15-135-83 where H. S. Friez operated the post office in his general merchandise store, thus founding this town, which was the half-way station on the Black Hills Trail from Dogtooth to Mandan, where there was a Half-way House to lodge travelers. The town was now all but vanished. Only the Catholic Church, parochial school and parish hall remain. The post office was discontinued Jan. 26, 1907. (1/12/59, Mrs. Lyle L. Dawson, St. Anthony, N. D.; 80) FINCH: A post office was established March 30, 1909 on the home­ stead of Bert H. Finch, postmaster; discontinued July 21, 1910 and mail sent to Timmer. (76; 80) FLASHER: Founded in 1902 by William H. Brown, head of the Brown Land Co. that owned many townsites of this branch line of the Northern Pacific Ry. He named this village for his niece, Mabel Flasher, who was his secretary. He surveyed it into lots in 1904. The post office was established Jan. 3, 1903 with William F. Berrier, postmaster. Flasher incorporated as a village in 1914. (1/12/59, Mrs. Lyle L. Dawson, St. Anthony, N. D.; 20, p. 224; 22, 8/16/27; 76; 80) FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN: First known as FORT McKEEN and .consisted of two units, the infantry post built in June 1872 on a com­ manding height on the right bank of the Missouri River near the crossing of the N.P.R.R.; the larger cavalry post built in 1873 on lower level land about one mile farther south. The infantry post authorized April 6, 1872 consisted of three blockhouses palisaded on north and west was established for the protection of the engineers and work­ men constructing the N.P.R.R. This fort was the earliest white oc­ cupation of the county. It was named for H. Boyd McKeen, Civil War commander of the 81st "Pennsylvania Volunteers," who was 196 killed in action at the Battle of Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. On Nov. 19, 1872 Fort McKeen was renamed Fort Abraham Lincoln for the martyred president and thereafter that name designated both the infantry post, (sometimes referred to as "Lincoln on the Hill") and the later cavalry post nearby which was authorized by congressional act of Max'. 3, 1873. Because unmounted troops were unequal to cop­ ing with mounted Indian raiders, Fort Abraham Lincoln was gari'i- soned by the Seventh U. S. Cavalry under General George Custer on Sept. 30, 1873. The quarters at the post had a capacity for six com­ panies, four of infantry and two of cavalry. It was at this point Gen­ eral Custer commenced his expedition to the Black Hills in 1874 and to the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876. On July 22, 1891, the post was abandoned; but prior to this date most of the troops had been removed. The frontier had been settled and such military posts were no longer needed. Fort Lincoln post office was established Feb. 7, 1873, with Robert Wilson, postmaster; discontinued March 9, 1894. (19, vol. 13, nos. 1 & 2, p. 159; 23, p. 6; 69, 7/13/56, p. 12; 80) FORT McKEEN: See FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN. FORT RICE: On July 11, 1864 Gen. Alfred H. Sully selected a site on the west bank of the Missouri River, a few miles above the mouth of the Cannon Ball River for his base of supplies and operation for his Indian expedition and to establish the second military post in what is North Dakota. It was a four company post, built by Col. Dan­ iel J. Dill with Sully's men and named for Brig. Gen. Samuel Allen Rice, U. S. Vols. Another history account, states the Fort was named for Brig. Gen. Clay Rice, who was killed in the Civil War. A post office was established here Jan. 8, 1866 with J. Shaw Gregory, post­ master; discontinued Jan. 15, 1879. For many years Fort Rice was the leading upper Missouri River military outpost, as it protected river transportation and enabled military authorities to keep hostile Indians in check. After the establishment of Fort Yates, its impor­ tance declined and it was abandoned Nov. 25, 1878. (5, p. 223; 10, p. 708; 23, p. 2) FORT RICE: (town): Originally named GWYTHER when the post office was established with Mrs. Robt. (Martha K.) Gwyther, post­ master. It was on the stage line to Bismarck and M. C. Caddell was the mail carrier. The name was changed to Fort Rice, July 9, 1910 to commemorate the name of the pioneer military post (the second in the present state of N. D.) established on this site by Gen. Alfred H. Sully in July 1864. (73; 80) FORT SAUERKRAUT: In 1890, at the time of a false Indian scare, a stockade with rifle slots was built on a high knoll, just northwest of 197 Hebron, where a cemetery now lies. The men stored emergency food in the form of sauerkraut in barrels, which they rolled into a trench around the fort—one food item sure to keep well. Many women and children were taken to Mandan by a special train. (69, 6/22/56, p. 10) GALL: A post office was established at this Northern Pacific Ry. loading station midway of Flasher and Timmer April 12, 1910, with Simon G. Russell, postmaster, who operated a general merchandise store in which the post office was located. He was a local homestead­ er in Harmon Twp. He named the post office for Chief John Gall of the Teton-Dakota nation, a brave and able leader of the Indians in the Battle of the Bighorn. The Gall post office was discontinued Nov. 30, 19,13 and mail sent to Flasher. (73; 80) GLEN ULLIN: Colonists from Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, Illinois and Minnesota arrived May 12, 1883 at this townsite which had been se­ lected by J. S. Letts, secretary of the Colonization Ass'n. It was named by Major Alvin E. Bovay, N.P.R.R. land agent—the prefix Glen is a Gaelic word meaning valley; descriptive of its location—Ul- lin, from a favorite English ballad, Lord Ullin's Daughter. A sign painter that year rendered it Glenullen, and the town was stuck with the error until 1949, when a new depot was built and the spelling corrected. Dr. Sid O. Morgan was the first appointed postmaster, June 4, 1883. The village was organized in 1910. (12, 6/20/57; 67, See 10, p. 7) GWYTHER: See FORT RICE (town).

HAILSTONE CREEK STATION: The third relay stage station on the overland mail route from Bismarck to Fort Keogh, Mont. It was established in 1878 on Hailstone Creek and discontinued with the completion of the N.P.R.R. in 1882. (19, vol. 21, July 1954, no. 3, p. 99) HARMON: A post office established Jan. 11, 1886 on the Square Butte Ranch, NWl/j, Sec. 7-140-81 with Alonzo Gerish, postmaster; discontinued April 29, 1907 and mail sent to Mandan. It derives its name from the land owner, George W. Harmon, pioneer rancher pro­ minent in territorial affairs. The settlement formed here by 1910 bcame extinct by 1942; the old deserted building once used as a post office, the elevator and loading yards are all that remain. (19, vol. 22, no. 1 & 2, p. 13; 69, 6/11/56, p. 12; 80) HAYMARSH: A post office was established July 22, 1914 with Si­ mon J. Nagel, postmaster, in the northwest corner of the county on the old Fort Keogh to Bismarck Stage Route; discontinued Oct. 15, 198 1920 and mail sent to Glen Ullin. Named for the boggy land the route circumvented north of Glen Ullin known as Haymarsh. (19, vol. 21, no. 3, p. 99; 80) HEART RIVER STATION: It was the first relay station on the over­ land mail route from Bismarck to Fort Keogh, Mont., established in 1878, on the Heart River in Sec. 5-138-82 and discontinued with the completion of the N.P.R.R. in 1882. The river derived its named ac­ cording to the Mandans from the fact that it flowed out of the coun­ try of the "Middle Hole" and thus corresponded to the heart of the hu­ man body. (19, vol. 21, no. 3, p. 99; 69, 6/19/56) HEBRON: In the extreme northwest corner of the county there was a loading station on the Northern Pacific Ry., known as KNIFE RIVER for it was near that stream. In the fall of 1884, a Colonization Society of Chicago, 111., was formed, mainly Germans of the St. John Evangeli­ cal Reform Church there, headed by Rev. John L. Kling, traveling minister, who called a meeting of the people interested in the settle­ ment at the Knife River point in Dakota Trritory, and suggested the name be changed. Rev. Kock requested the name be changed to Hebron, for the valley there reminded him of the biblical vale of Hebron in Palestine. Ferdinand Leutz and Charles Krauth, founders of the town, changed the name to Hebron January 14, 1885. The Hebron post office was established October 22, 1885, with Charles Krauth, postmaster. (7/2/59, August C. Draeb, Hebron, N. Dak., 7, p. 293; 76; 80) HOBSON: A few miles northwest of Fort Rice, a rural post office was established Oct. 29, 1890, with Laura Gipp, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 14, 1895, and mail sent to Fort Rice. The postmaster's husband was serving in the U. S. Army, named the post office for Richmond P. Hobson, an American Navy Officer. (80) HUFF: Originally this Northern Pacific siding and loading station in the southeastern part of the county was known as NINETEENTH SIDING until the post office was established there May 12, 1911, with Emmet W. Dobson, postmaster, and the name was changed to Huff for John S. Huff, who homesteaded the land on which the townsite of Huff was platted. (7, p. 292; 73; 80) JENNIE: A Northern Pacific Ry. station seven miles south of Man­ dan named for Jennie Slayton, a resident there. No other data is available. JUDSON: Settlement began at this midway railroad station between New Salem and Sweetbriar in the 1890's. It was named for Judson LaMoure, a prominent political figure then. The post office was established Oct. 3, 1901, with Henry M. Seethoff, postmaster. (76; 80) 199 KENYON: A rural post office of short duration was established May 15, 1912, with John Kennedy, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 30, 1912, and mail sent to Almont. Origin of name not known. (80) KNIFE RIVER POST OFFICE: See HEBRON. KURTZ: When the N.P.R.R. was building west from Mandan in 1879, a station was established some 60 miles from there and named for Thomas C. Kurtz, storekeeper for the supply company. It is also recorded that it was named for George W. Kurtz, a private in the U. S. Army in 1864, and while stationed at Fort Yates made an expe­ dition into this locality and carved his name on a stone on the butte north of the present townsite which adopted his name. The post office was established May 31, 1888, with Joseph Billinger, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 14, 1890, and mail sent to Glen Ullin. (Major Dana Wright; Lewis F. Crawford; 19, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 50) LINCOLN: See MANDAN. LITTLEHEART: A rural post office established near the Little Heart River, Aug. 14, 1900, with Carl Hartwig, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 15, 1902, and mail sent to St. Anthony. Note the one word spell­ ing of Little Heart. (80) LITTLE HEART: An inland post office established March 1, 1905, with Javan G. Nead, postmaster; discontinued May 5, 1914, and mail sent to Mandan. Named for the river which flows by it and the nearby butte, which was an early day landmark. The Bismarck weather bureau uses the peak several times daily for observations of visibility. (7, p. 313; 80) LYONS: A N.P.R.R. loading station nine miles west of Mandan, named for H. R. Lyons, Mandan banker and vice-president of the Russell-Miller Milling Co. (10, p. 764) MANDAN: Settlement began in 1873, the year the first railroad sur­ vey was made west of the Missouri River and Fort Abraham Lincoln was established. According to postal records, the first post office was established in a sod shack on the Missouri River bank July 16, 1878, with Andrew J. Davis, postmaster. It was named MORTON for its county, which was named for Oliver P. Morton, during the Civil War. The new railroad village was given the name LINCOLN on Oct. 7, 1878, when the board of temporary commission­ ers, appointed by the governor of Dakota Territory accepted the pro­ posed plans submitted by the Lincoln Townsite Co. This village site was two miles south of Morton, which never developed. However the first elected commissioners met Dec. 14, 1878, and declared MAN­ DAN to be the official name and the county seat formerly named 200 Lincoln. Naming the town in memory of the fast disappearing Man­ dan Indian tribe, which once inhabited the valley of the Heart and the upper Missouri Rivers is generally accredited to Commissioner Frede­ ric F. Gerard, trader, interpreter and first white settler on the present site of Mandan. The name is a corruption of the Dakota Indian word "Mantani" (people of the bank) — descriptive of their villages along the river bank. On March 3, 1879, the post office with Arthur Linn, postmaster, moved to the railroad station site named Mandan. Eight days later it was renamed CUSHMAN for the newly appointed post­ master, Charles Cushman. On Sept. 26, 1879, the post office was finally designated MANDAN to correspond with that of the railroad station; Andre Thompson was then postmaster. In the winter of that year the Northern Pacific Ry. laid a tx'ack across the Missouri ice and the first train made its crossing from Bismarck. Mandan townsite was platted by the railroad company in 1879. Mandan incorporated Feb. 24,1881. (11, p. 193; 12, 8/1/78; 19, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 10; 38, vol. 3, no. 12; p. 244; 69, 6/9/56, p. 10, 6/16/56, p. 10; 80) MARMOT: This N.P.R.R. station established at the junction of the Heart and Sweet Briar rivers on NE'/j, Sec. 32-139-82 was selected by Major T. J. Mitchell, Mandan, who jointly with the railroad owned the townsite. The post office was established June 1, 1883, with James Maxwell, postmaster; discontinued June 3, 1886, and mail sent to Sweetbriar. Origin of the name Marmot not known. (11, p. 241; 80) MORTON: See MANDAN. NEW SALEM: In the fall of 1882 a Colonization Bureau was formed by members of the Deutche Evangelische Friendens Gemande (Evan­ gelical Lutheran Church) in Chicago and a committee was sent out to visit several states to look over sites on which to colonize. With the help of the Northern Pacific Railroad, which agreed to donate the lots of the townsite selected in Dakota TeiTitory and half of the re­ maining land in See 21-139-85, the first settlers of this church group arrived in immigrant cars at this site April 6, 1883. They proposed the name of the Biblical city of Salem" for their townsite and post office, but were informed by the postal department that the name was already appropriated in the southern half of Dakota Territory; they then submitted the present name, New Salem. The post office was established Aug. 24, 1883, with Arthur V. Scholleim, postmaster. The village incorporated as a city in 1911. (38, vol. 3, no. 12, p. 241; 60, 6/14/50; 76; 80) NINETEENTH SIDING: See HUFF. ODENSE: An inland post office in the southeastern part of the coun­ ty established Nov. 6, 1904, with Hans C. Hanson, postmaster; dis- 201 continued Oct. 5, 1917, and mail sent to Solen. Honoring the Danish settlers, the post office was named for Odense in the north part of Fyn Island, a part of Denmark. (80) ORMISTON: A short-lived rural post office established June 6, 1904, with James Ormiston, postmaster; discontinued May 22, 1905, and mail sent to New Salem. (80) PARKIN: This was originally a stage and mail station on the run from Fort Yates to Bismarck and dates back to 1880. It was the ranch home of the Parkin brothers, Henry and Walter, pioneer ranchers of 1872, on Chanta Peta Creek. The Parkin post office was established in a store on their ranch Jan. 15, 1902, with John Ellison, postmaster; discontinued May 15, 1914, and mail sent to Huff. (Almont Jubilee Book, 6/56; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 31, p. 508; 38, vol. 3, no. 12, p. 241; 73) RIPPLE: A spur of the N.P.R.R. constructed in 1936 to serve the stockyard belonging to Peter Ripple, owner of the stock farm here. ROCKHAVEN: Few traces remain of this U. S. Government drydock and boat landing on the Missouri River three miles north of Mandan, operated in the 80's by the Corps of Engineers making extensive river improvements. It also served as quarters for traversing steamboats, and was known as the "best landing on the river" because the banks here were formed of large ledges of rock and unlike most landings, was permanent and safe. The "haven" part of the landing title ap­ parently stemmed from the fact that the boats could safely anchor here all winter and be comparatively safe from the rampaging ice during the spring break-ups. (19, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 11; 38, vol. 3, no. 12, p. 248; 69, 6/6/56, p. 16) ROSEBUD: A rural post office, now discontinued, was established near the north border of the county March 15, 1904, with Emil C. Otte, postmaster. Origin of its name is not known. (25, p. 80; 80) ROSENFELD: An inland post office established May 20, 1906, with Juliana Muller, postmaster. Long since discontinued. Origin of name not known. (80) RURAL: This geographically named post office near the center of the county was established April 18, 1905, with Henry Schrink, post­ master; discontinued July 20, 1908, and mail sent to Strain. (80) SAINT ANTHONY: First known in 1890 as Littleheart, named for Little Heart Butte north of the village. Roman Catholic German- Hungarians from Ohio, who settled here in 1887, renamed the village after their church in 1896. The Saint Anthony post office was estab- 202 lished here Jan. 14, 1902, with Henry Bruanagel, postmaster. A parochial school was opened here in 1906. (20, p. 297; 76; 80) SAINT VINCENT: A small settlement in the northeastern part of the county where a post office was established Oct. 20, 1908, with Henry Pfau, postmaster; discontinued June 15, 1914, and mail sent to Sweet- briar. It was re-established July 30, 1917, with Anton Kautzman, post­ master; discontinued Dec. 19, 1918. Named for a rural parish church thereby. Also called CROWN BUTTE for a butte near there. (Fr. Benedict Pfaller, OSB, Assumption Abbey, Richardton, N. Dak., 4/23/60; 80) SCHMALZ: A short-lived post office established in the home of the first postmaster, John J. Schmalz, June 13, 1906; discontinued Aug. 8, 1907, and mail sent to Sweetbriar. (80) SCHMIDT: A siding and loading station on the N.P.R.R. ten miles south of Mandan named for Joseph Schmidt, a local rancher from whom the right-of-way was acquired. A post office was established here Feb. 13, 1919, with Michael W. Schmidt, postmaster; discontinued March 31, 1924, and mail sent to Mandan. (73; 80) SECOND SIDING: See BLUE GRASS. SEP ALIA: A N.P.R.R. station three miles west of Judson. Origin of name not known. SIMS: In 1878, when the N.P.R.R. was extending their road bed, a thick vein of coal was uncovered 35 miles west of Mandan. This plus the fact there was an ample supply of spring water here, stimulated a side track to be built with a station. The place was first called CARBON for the Carbon Pressed Brick and Lime Co. It was offi­ cially named for George V. Sims, chief clerk in the executive office of the road in New York. July 5, 1879, Charles W. Thompson opened a coal mine here for the N. P. Coal Co. A post office was established in 1880, with Robt. McKee, postmaster. The N.P.R.R. surveyors plat­ ted the townsite in 1883. Theodore Shenhenberg was appointed post­ master May 2, 1883. It is also recorded that the town takes its name from Capt. W. H. Sims, an old time pilot and upper Missouri River captain. (Almont Jubilee Book, July, 1956; 11, p. 194; 31, p. 203; 80) SQUARE BUTTE: A post office established in the ranch home of George W. Harmon June 6, 1881, takes its name from the nearby butte whose mesa-like top contains nearly a section of land, sometimes called Flat Top Butte. The post office was discontinued Oct. 13, 1882, and mail sent to Mandan. (7, p. 302; 80) STEVENSON: In 1893, a post office was established in the ranch home of the postmaster, Donald Stevenson, a well-known pioneer 203 army freighter and hay and wood contractor. At Pembina in 1863, he was engaged as an army freighter in charge of a train of 300 wagons with supplies for Hatch's battalion. He was an army contractor at Forts Abercrombie, Ransom and Seward. He located at Bismarck in 1872, engaging in contracting at Forts Rice, Abraham Lincoln, Steven­ son and Berthold. From 1876-1883, he ran a regular line of freight teams between Bismarck and the Black Hills. Retiring from con­ tracting and freighting, he established in 1885, the first ranch in the middle part of the Cannon Ball country, at the point where the old Bismarck-Deadwood stage trail crossed the stream. The Stevenson post office was discontinued Nov. 15, 1916 and mail sent to Timmer. (31, p. 508; 38, vol. 4, no. 8, p. 276; 80) STONE: An inland post office near the source of the Little Heart River, established May 22, 1907, with Edith M. Wilson, postmaster; discontinued July 31, 1913, and mail sent to Mandan. It was named for N. E. Stone, a local resident. '(Mrs. Nancy Hendrickson, Mandan, N. Dak., 5/13/62; 80) STRAIN: A post office established June 16, 1904, on Sec. 8-136-82, the homestead of the first postmaster, James J. Strain, who came from Iowa in 1901 and settled here. This inland station, with its store, restaurant, livery stable and post office, was a popular stopping place on the Black Hills Trail. The post office was discontinued June 30, 1914, and mail sent to St. Anthony. (Mrs. Lyle L. Dawson, St. Anthony, N. Dak.; 80) STURGIS CITY: This is the name of a new town which was this week laid out in Morton County on the Deadwood stage road, one arid one-half miles north of Fort A. Lincoln. This was no doubt a blue print ghost town. No other data found. (4/26/77, Bismarck Tribune, Bismarck, N. Dak.) SUNNY: Long called SUNNYSIDE — a descriptive name of its loca­ tion in the valley of the Heart River, three and one-quarter miles west of Mandan, where the N.P.R.R. maintains a large stockyard and feeding grounds. (10, 789; 80) SWEETBRIAR: Originally named SWEET BRIAR when first set­ tled in 1879. The change in the spelling of the post office name be­ came official Jan. 17, 1896, with James J. Lane, postmaster. Named for the creek nearby. The creek takes its name from the thorny shrub, Englantine, belonging to the wild rose family which grows pro­ fusely along its banks. (10, p. 789; 76; 80) SYLVAN: A short-lived rural post office established March 25, 1883, with DeWitt C. Grinnell, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 5, 1883, and mail sent to Marmot. It is believed to have been named for Sylvan s 204 Ferris, an early rancher and the owner of the Maltese Cross Ranch near Medora, before Theo. Roosevelt bought it. (80) TIMMER: A post office was established here July 21, 1910, with Bert H. Finch, postmaster. Named for C L. Timmer, a pioneer rancher, Sims merchant, and a Mandan banker at that time and had many interests in the Mercer County Land Co. He placed many set­ tlers on railroad land along the north branch of the Northern Pacific R.R. The Timmer post office was 12 miles southeast of Flasher on Sec. 5-133-84 near the mouth of the Dogtooth and Louise Creeks. Mail was brought by carrier from Solen. It was discontinued in 1954. Timmer is almost a ghost town now. (69, 7/7/56, p. 6; 80) WARNTON: A rural post office established Aug. 7, 1879, with John S. Warn, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 19, 1880. (80) WARREN'S BANKS STATION: The second relay station on the overland mail route from Bismarck to Fort Keogh, Mont., established in 1878 on NEl/i, See 29-129-84 and discontinued in 1882 with the completion of the N.P.R.R. It was called Warren's Coal Banks be­ cause John Warren operated a large coal mine near the surveyed railroad. He also furnished gravel for the railroad in the construc­ tion period and had a contract to supply the workers with meat •—• mostly buffalo. (19, vol. 21, July 1954, no. 3, p. 99) YQUNGTOWN: This inland town was named for David M. Young, who established a creamery and operated a general merchandise store in which the post office was established July 11, 1899; discontinued July 30, 1910. Youngtown was located in the north central part of the county on Sweetbriar Creek. (76; 80)

MOUNTRAIL COUNTY AMANDA: A rural post office in the south central part of the county established March 23, 1906, with Henry H. Rustad, postmaster; named for Mrs. Amanda Pettingal of that area. (31, vol. 1, p. 478; 80) BELAIR: A Great Northern Ry. loading station a few miles north of Stanley. Origin of the name not known. BASKIN: A Great Northern Ry. loading station midway of Stanley and Ross. Origin of name not known. BELDEN: This was a Finnish settlement a few miles north of Van Hook, where a post office was established July 25, 1904, with Garrett F. Jarrell, postmaster. It is supposedly named for W. L. Belden, U. S. Indian Agent-at-Large in North Dakota, while he was stationed at Fort Berthold. (7, p. 215; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 50, p. 80; 51, 3/16/57, p. 5; 80) 205 BLAISDELL: The first post office established here Feb. 28, 1905, with William F. Thompson, postmaster, was named GRENADA. Ori­ gin of name not known. The name was changed to Blaisdell Oct. 21, 1905, with Christian S. Vie, postmaster. It was named for Alfred Blaisdell, an early local homesteader, later an attorney at Minot and then served as Secretary of State. This is a Great Northern Ry. station in the northeastern part of the county; the townsite was platted by the Blaisdell-Bird Co. of Minot. (15, Dec. 1906; 50, p. 80; 51, 9/11/40; 80)

BROOKBANK: This post office in Brookbank Twp., was established March 14, 1907, in the ranch home of the postmaster, William Gibbs, Sr.; discontinued Oct. 14, 1916, and mail sent to Sanish. The ranch buildings were on the bank of a spring fed brook, hence came the descriptive name for the post office. The mail was supplied from Ross by carrier three times weekly. (80)

CHESTER: A rural post office of short duration established Nov. 26, 1908, in the home of the postmaster, Charles R. Ellis; discontinued Jan. 5, 1909. (80) CHIDA: See LOSTWOOD.

CHILCOT: This rural post office established Nov. 24, 1896 in the ranch house of the postmaster, Fredrick W. Hannah, in Sec. 6-153-93, was named for a Frenchman, who v/as one of the first settlers in this locality and who by squatter's right held a point at the mouth of Knife Creek and operated a saw mill. His name went on record misspelled. It should have been Chilcothe. When this post office was first estab­ lished, the postmaster carried the mail 26 miles on horseback from Nesson, but not on regular schedule. Fredrick Hannah was the post­ master of Chilcot for 13 years in his ranch house until the office was discontinued Feb. 15, 1909. (50, p. 84; 80)

COULEE: This village, in the extreme northeast part of the county and now on the Great Northern Ry., was first settled in 1906 and derives its name from a geographic feature •— a large, deep coulee northeast of the townsite. The post office was established April 1, 1907, With Marius N. Peterson, postmaster. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 80) DELTA: Originally a Great Northern Ry. siding with a section house, later the townsite of BLAISDELL was platted here. Origin of name not known. (9/17/50, Thorwald Bostad, R.F.D. No. 4, Minot, N. Dak.)

DYMOND: See EPWORTH. 206 ELLEFSON: A rural post office established March 12, 1900, with Edward Ellefson, postmaster; discontinued March 30, 1907, and mail sent to Chilcot. EPWQRTH: A rux-al post office in the south central part of the county established Sept. 8, 1902, with Pear A. Anderson, postmaster, was named DYMOND for Chester S. Dymond, Civil War veteran and local homesteader. It was later discovered the name was similar to that of another post office in the state, so this inland post office was renamed at the suggestion of Mr. Anderson, the postmaster, for his former home, Epworth, Mo. Epworth post office was established March 13, 1906, with Francis A. Newman, postmaster. (76; 80) GRENADA: See BLAISDELL. HALL'S TRADING POST: After a year of operating a woodyard in partnership with Charley Baldwin on a point of land across the Mis­ souri River from the mouth of Knife Creek, Edward S. Hall moved up the river opposite the mouth of the White Earth Creek in the spring of 1883, and by himself opened up another woodyard. Here in the fall of that year, he established a trading post for a band of Assini- boine Indians from Wolf Point, Mont., who wanted to camp there for the winter. After the tribe moved on in the spring, Hall continued to operate the woodyard. By fall he had selected a site for a new trading post which he established the following spring of 1884. It was across the river on a high point near the mouth of the White Earth Creek —• designated later in Sec. 35-154-94. Here in partner­ ship with E. I. Moore, established a trading post for trade with Crow- Flies-High's band of Gros Ventre Indians, seceders from the Fort Berthold Reservation. For a number of years hunters, trappers, and ranchers from a wide area transacted business at this post. When the Indians were moved back to the Reservation, Ed Hall turned his at­ tention to raising horses of which he had several hundred. He oper­ ated this x'anch until in 1893. A stone marker has been erected on the site of his last trading post. (19, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 54; 50, pp. 26, 32) HANNONS: A rural post office established Jan. 4, 1908, with John Hannon, postmaster. Long since discontinued. No other data avail­ able. HILLS: An inland post office in the northeast part of the county established Apx-il 18, 1901, with August Peterson, postmaster; discon­ tinued Dec. 2, 1905, and mail sent to Donnybrook. Supposedly named for Adrian B. Hills, a homesteader in Sec. 22, Burlington Twp. (80) LA FOLETTE: A rural post office established July 18, 1904, with George J. Smith, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 2, 1907, and mail sent to Plaza. Origin of name not known. (80) 207 LELAND: A sural post office established Nov. 30, 1904, with Iver F. Nelson, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 2, 1907, and mail sent to Plaza. Thought to be named for LeLand, la., former home of a local settler. (80) LOSTWOOD: This settlement in the north central part of the county was first known as CHIDA; origin of name not known. When it became the present Great Northern townsite and was platted in 1912, it was renamed for the lake nearby, which was named by early set­ tlers, following the loss of a load of wood there during a blizzard. An inland post office named STEELE established Sept. 25, 1907, with Samuel Steele, postmaster, had served this community; moved to a new townsite and changed its name to conform with that of the town. (51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76) LUNDSVALLEY: The post office established Nov. 15, 1909, was in the home of Jens M. Lund, Sr., one of the first settlers in this valley, near a large lake in the northwest corner of the county. The valley adopted his name first, then the post office. When the present town- site on the Great Northern was platted in 1911, the post office moved there. (10, p. 763; 50, p. 80; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76) MANITOU: Named for its township, which is a Chippewa word for Great Spirit, or power, "the Protective Spirit of the American Indian." The reason for applying the name to the town established on the Great Northern when it built through the county in 1887 is unknown. The post office was established June 22, 1905, with Ole P. Fladeland, post­ master; discontinued Dee 15, 1917, and mail sent to Ross. (7, p. 257; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76; 80) NEW TOWN: Ground-breaking ceremonies in September, 1950, marked the beginning of New Town, to replace Van Hook, seven miles to the east; Sanish, on the bank of the Missouri River three miles to the west; and Elbowoods, the headquarters of the Fort Berthold Reser­ vation, 30 miles to the south — all to be flooded when the Garrison Dam Reservoir is filled. It will inundate approximately 110,000 acres of the river flats and at normal level will come within a mile of New Town. Van Hook, Sanish and Elbowoods were virtually abandoned in September, 1954. The purchase of a quarter section of land for the site of New Town was financed by ten men from Sanish and ten from Van Hook, who formed the Sanish - Van Hook Relocation Townsite Corp., a non-profit organization. Government engineers platted the townsite. The Federal government built the streets and curbs and seven miles of sidewalks. A turntable has been installed by the Soo Line R.R., for New Town is the end of their branch line from Max. (22, 11/16/52; 1/3/54) 208 PALP A: A rural post office established Sept. 26, 1902, with Charles Hyde, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 30, 1906, and mail sent to Ep­ worth. Origin of name not known. (80) PALERMO: Settlement began in this Great Northern station, nine miles east of Stanley in 1901. The post office was established Feb. 28, 1902, with J. C. Hoff, postmaster, who was a newspaper man and early homesteader in the area and he named it for Palermo, Italy. The village incorporated in 1908. (20, p. 246; 50, p. 80; 76; 80) PARSHALL: Townsite platted in 1913; post office established Feb. 16, 1914, with Gertrude M. Larin, postmaster. Townsite officials named it for George Parshall, a mail - stage coach driver in the area during pioneer days. Incorporated as a city in 1917. (10, p. 777; 76; 80) PEARL: An inland post office about six miles south of Ross, estab­ lished July 16, 1905, with Henry Schultz, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 31, 1908. Named for Charles H. Pearl, who with Charles H. Merry, came to Dickinson in 1883, where they entered into partnership in a meat market, buying and selling buffalo and other wild game meat. They continued in business for several years, then engaged in ranching, handling sheep mainly. Pearl established a ranch in the Cedar coun­ try on which he ran some seven or eight thousand sheep. (31, vol. 1, p. 510; 80) PEERLESS: A post office established Aug. 27, 1907, with James M. Fortner, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1910. Location and origin of name not known. (80) PLAZA: Post office established Sept. 8, 1906, with Verne L. Shaw as postmaster. First lots sold after it was platted was on July 20, 1906; incorporated as a village in 1910. Named by townsite officials, who designed the townsite with a square park or plaza in the center of the business district. (50, p. 81; 76) PRAIRIE JUNCTION: Soo Line R.R. junction with the branch line to Plaza. The origin of the name is apparent. ROSS: Twenty Moslem families from Damascus, Syria, settled in this townsite area in 1902. The post office was established June 2, 1902, with Arthur J. DeLance, as postmaster. The townsite was plat­ ted by Ross H. McEnany, a Great Northern Ry. employee, for whom it is said to be named. Others claim it was named for Ross Davidson, Minot banker and real estate broker. (15, Dec. 1906, p. 78; 50, p. 80; 51, 9/11/40; 80) SANISH: Named by Charles N. Hoffman, once farm superintendent of Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. This Arikaran word for "real people" named a village between the eastern bluffs of the Missouri I 209 River, on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, a site known to the Indians from the earliest times as the Old Crossing, where buffalo herds forded the river in their annual migrations. Sanish is located in SW1/}, Sec. 14-152-93. The first settlers came soon after the act of Congress, dated Aug. 3, 1914, authorized the reclassification of these agricultural lands. The post office was established Jan. 29, 1915, with Wm. F. Thompson, postmaster. By July, 1915, the Soo R. R. extended from Van Hook and in the summer of 1916, government surveyors laid out the townsite for sale of lots. In March, 1917, Sanish was incorpo­ rated. The ground will be inundated by the Garrison 'Dam. ' It was vacated in 1954, the village moving to New Town. A dissenting group, however, has selected another townsite which is called "New Sanish," located in See 23-152-83. (7, p. 257; 19, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 52; 76)

SHELL: Named for Shell Creek nearby, which was named Coquille, meaning shell by the French voyageurs, for the many shells in its bed. Shell Butte, into which this creek has cut deeply, reveals large de­ posits of marine shells. The Shell post office was established Dec. 12, 1905, with Edwin Burdick, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1911, and mail sent to Plaza. (10, p. 786; 80) SORKNESS: A rural post office a few miles southwest of Lunds- valley was established June 22, 1903, in the home of the postmaster, Henry O. Sorkness; discontinued Feb. 28, 1911, and mail sent to White Earth. (80) STANLEY: This is the county seat of Mountrail County. Settlement began here in 1895. The post office was established July 3, 1899, with Edsell H. Sikes, postmaster. George W. Wilson platted the townsite in. January, 1902, on land he held script and he named it for one of the first homesteaders in this area, Col. King Stanley. It is also claimed to be named for Gen. D. S. Stanley, early commandant of Fort Berthold garrison. Stanley incorporated as a city in 1910. (7, p. 256; 15, p. 83; 50, p. 81; 51, 9/11/40 and 6/10/52; 80) STEELE: See LOSTWOOD. SWEDEN: A rural post office a few miles east of Belair was estab­ lished Aug. 21, 1903, with August Walters, postmaster; discontinued May 15, 1909. Origin of name not known. (80) TAGUS: A Great Northern station near the east county line in which a post office was established Jan. 30, 1901, with Edward O. Sjaastad, postmaster. First named WALLACE (origin of name not known) but was confused with Wallace, Idaho and the railroad townsite officials changed the name to Tagus. There are two versions as to the oi'igin of this name •— (1) it was named for Taguson, an early rancher in the 210 area, (2) it was named for the river in Spain of that name, to please a number of Spaniards employed on the railroad construction at the time. (20, p. 246; 50, p. 81; 76) VAN HOOK: Lying within the boundaries of the Fort Berthold In­ ] dian Reservation in N /2 Sec. 32-151-91, the town was named by Fred Van Hook, a teamster who piloted here a group of surveyors soon after President Taft on June 29, 1911, issued a proclamation authorizing the opening to homesteaders of non-mineral unallotted lands, which in­ cluded most of ten townships on the reservation. Early in 1914, mer­ chants and others anticipating the extension of the Soo Line R. R. from Plaza to the prospective town, squatted on land near the townsite. The post office was established Jan. 19, 1915, with John W. George postmaster, which was soon after the railroad reached the town. Lots were sold at public auction and the town was organized. Only a small portion of Van Hook will be inundated as the result of the building of Gai'rison Dam, although much of its territory will be cut off by the reservoir. A few residences and churches have already been moved to New Town. About 14 miles of track on the Soo Line, and the station and loading facilities will be relocated. (19, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 46) WABEK: A Soo Line R. R. station in which a post office was estab­ lished July 7, 1917, with Rasmus J. Torgerson, postmaster. The vil­ lage organized in 1918. The name is believed to be an Indian term; the meaning not known. (51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76)

WALLACE: See TAGUS.

WASSIAC: No data available.

WELBY: A rural post office established April 12, 1900, in the ranch house of Wm. Benson, postmaster, who continued to operate the office until it discontinued March 30, 1907, and mail was sent to Chilcot. Origin of name not known. (80)

WHITE EARTH: This is the oldest town in the county, due to the fact the White Earth Creek for which it is named; along it the Indians made the first trail as they journeyed north to hunt; then came the white hunters and trappers, then the ranchers and last the home­ steaders, who built a log stockade in 1883 on a hill west of the town for protection against the Indians. The Great Northern Railroad built through this area in 1887. The post office, named for the X'iver was established March 14, 1888, with Newton B. Eustis, postmaster. The town was platted in 1891. The name is a translation of "maska- wapa," Indian word for the white clay sand of the river bed which 211 has washed down into the White Earth River Valley. There is a bridge across the creek in the township named for it. (20, p. 247; 50, p. 81; 73; 80) WINANS: A Great Northern loading station one and one-half miles east of Stanley. Origin of the name not known.

NELSON COUNTY ADLER: Named for its township which was named for Charles Adler, an 1881 settler on Sec. 4. His was the first home built between Fort Totten and Larimore. He kept a roadside tavern in which a post office was established May 20, 1882; discontinued in 1907 and mail sent to Petersburg. (3, p. 12; 37; 80) ANETA: Settlement began in 1881 on Sec. 32-149-37; named for Mrs. Annetta Mitchell, the first woman resident, who with her husband farmed the land that became the townsite of Aneta and a Great North­ ern Rwy. station in 1896. The post office was established Sept. 3, 1883, with Peter S. Haviland, postmaster. Aneta incorporated as a city in 1897. (11, p. 204; The Aneta Panorama, 9/12/40; 80) ASHEM: A rural post office established June 30, 1884, with Louis N. Ashem, postmaster. No other data available. (80) BACONVILLE: Mail was brought by carrier from Petersburg to this early day post office on Sec. 35 of Dahlen Twp., on a well-traveled road, established Nov. 21, 1883, with James Cromar, postmaster; dis­ continued in 1907. Named for J. D. Bacon of Grand Forks, who had land interests in this area. (38, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 30) BOLKEN: A rural post office established on Sec. 27-149-61 in the farm home of Peder L. Bolken in 1907, and discontinued in 1909. (80) BUE: Named for its township which was named for Lars O. Bue, a pioneer of 1880, who established a post office in his general store on Sec. 1, Feb. 27, 1882; discontinued in 1906, and mail sent to Pekin. The township was renamed Bergen. (1, p. 1035; 38, vol. 1, no. 6, p. 27; 44; 37; 80) CROSIER: A rural post office established on Sec. 12-150-61, June 27, 1882, with Leonard H. Higgins, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 11, 1906, and mail sent to Tolna. The origin of the name Crosier not known. A small corner of the Cut Head Sioux Indian Reservation projects in this township seven miles southeast of Crosier in Sec. 18, 19, and 30. (11, p. 204; 44; 80) DAHLEN: Named for its township which was named for the Elling N. Dahlen family. Their home was on Sec. 14, where they home­ steaded in-1881. They built and operated the first store and black- 212 smith shop in Dahlen. The post office was established here in the home of Neil Bell in 1882. There were eight sons in the Dahlen family; three were old enough to file claims along the old Indian trail from Ojata toward Forest River. (1, p. 1252) DAYOU: An early day post office established in the farm home of Charles Dayou, the first and only postmaster. It has long since been discontinued. Facts concerning dates and the geographic location are not available. (38, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 22) DEEHR: A rural post office established June 17, 1891, in the farm home of Oscar Deehr on Sec. 5-149-61; discontinued Oct. 9, 1907, and mail sent to Pekin. (80) DINSMORE: A rural post office between the Blue Mountains and Stump Lake, on Sec. 20-151-61 which was in operation from 1905, until 1909, with William H. Dinsmore, postmaster. (80) FINLAND: There was a large Finland settlement in Enterprize Twp. during the 1890's and a post office named for their homeland served an area from 1899 until 1903. No other data is available. (80) HARRISBURG: A ghost town, of the early 1880's, that sprung up in anticipation of a railroad at the eastern extremity of Wamduska Lake on Sec. 23-151-60. It was a beautiful townsite, promoted by William Harris for it was at the head of a long narrow bay, which projects from the main body of the lake in a northeast direction for about three miles. It was also the point of convergence for several wagon roads and surrounded by a fine country but it failed to materialize. The surveyed townsite along the lake shore in June, 1882, contained 51 regular blocks and three irregular ones. The post office was estab­ lished June 20, 1882, with Cicero T. Harris, postmaster; discontinued July 31, 1909. Harrisburg was officially vacated Nov. 25, 1902, and is now farmed land. (11, p. 204; 80) JACOBSON: A rural post office established June 29, 1890, with Lars Jacobson, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 14, 1893. No other data avail­ able. (80) KLOTEN: A Great Northern Rwy. station established in the center of Lee Twp. in 1906, believed to be named by settlers for a place in Norway. No other data available. (10, p. 758; 76) LAKOTA: John R. Stevens, Great Northern R. R. civil engineer, se­ lected the site in the fall of 1882. It. was promoted by Messrs. Howard and Kane, a syndicate of English capitalists and platted in July, 1883, on See 27-153-60 by James M. Howard, who transferred a part to Francis I. Kane of the syndicate, who secured the railroad station. It was named by Goveimor N. G. Ordway of Dakota Territory for an 213 Indian tribe, the Lakotahs; the Teton Sioux word for "allies" — land of plenty — many heads (otah means plenty) and in the Santee Sioux tongue "dakota." The post office was established Oct. 2, 1883, with Margaritte J. Love, postmaster. The village incorporated Oct. 5, 1885; as a city Feb. 18, 1889. Designated the county seat when the county was organized in 1883. (11, p. 204; 20, p. 240; 38, vol. 1, no. 5, p. 27; 79, pp. 4, 6, 13; 80) LEE: A pioneer post office established east of the Sheyenne River on Sec. 30-149-58 on Jan. 12, 1885, with Ole K. Kjorvestad, postmaster; discontinued July 31, 1905, and mail sent to Aneta. It was named for its township which was named for Samuel and John M. Lee, who were among the first settlers in Nelson County. (11, p. 204; 80) LIBERAL: A short-lived rural post office established March 9, 1887, with Erick Erickson, postmaster; discontinued June 23, 1887, and mail sent to Bue. Origin of name not known. (80) MAPES: A St. Paul, Mpls., Manitoba Rwy. station established in June, 1883, on NW% See 34-153-59 by Emery Mapes, townsite owner and real estate dealer, who had located in August, 1882, on this land. He later became nationally known as one of the men who worked out a formula for the breakfast cereal, Cream of Wheat, which was first processed in Grand Forks. The Mapes post office was established Jan. 12, 1885, with Harry F. Johnson, postmaster. (11, p. 243; 20, p. 240; 80) McVILLE: On May 26, 1887, a post office was established in the general merchandise store (referred to now as "Old McVille") on the homestead of the postmaster, Fred W. McDougal. F. M. McCracken operated the store. It would appear the name McVille was formed with the prefix of their names and the "Ville" to signify village. With the coming of the Great Northern R.R. in 1906, McVille moved one and one-half miles south to its present railroad site. It incorpo­ rated as a village in 1908. (Vardon M. Quanbeck, McVille, N. Dak. 8/8/57; 80) MICHIGAN CITY: Named for its township, which was named by early settlers from Michigan. It is the oldest town in the county, having been established in September, 1882, by E. A. Lamb, a dealer in farm machinery, who came from. Port Huron, Mich., in 1881. He platted the townsite in May, 1883, on the SEV4 See 32-153-58. The post office was established as MICHIGAN on Feb. 23, 1883, with Walter S. Fowler, postmaster. The village incorporated as a city in 1907. Although it retains its original name, Michigan City, local usage has abridged it to Michigan, the post office address. (11, p. 243; 20, p. 240; 38, vol. 1, no. 6, p. 16; 80) 214 MOEN: A pioneer settelment on the north shore of the middle branch of Big Salt River, named for Lars Moen, who came from Free­ born County, Minn., and settled here June 22, 1871. No other data available. (Hillsboro Banner, 6/28/56) OSAGE: A rural post office established in 1893 with Rolf C. Brek- ken, postmaster; discontinued in 1897. No other data available. (80) OTTOFY: A rural post office established on Sec. 7-149-60 in the home of the postmaster, Louis Ottofy on Dec. 31, 1883; discontinued March 30, 1907 and mail sent to Deehr. Lake Ottofy is nearby in Sees. 6-7-8. (80) PEKIN: Named for Pekin, 111., the former home of early settlers here. This Great Northern Railroad station was established on Sec. 22, Osage Twp. in 1906; incorporated as a village in 1912. (38, vol. 1, no. 10, 17; 76) PELTO: Named for John Pelto, a native of Finland, who came in the spring of 1887 and settled on Sec. 10-154-59 and in 1890 moved to Sec. 15 of Enterprize Twp., where Pelto was established in 1914. In Finnish language, pelto is a plowed field. (10, p. 777; 76) PETERSBURG: Named for its township, which was named for Levi H. Peterson an early settler and to honor his old manorial estate of Petersborg in Telemarken, Norway his birth place. He owned the townsite founded in 1882 on the NWl/i, of Sec. 6 and was commis­ sioned postmaster Dec. 18, 1884. The post office was in conjunction with a store, he established in 1883 and conducted until 1894. The post office was established in the home of Mrs. M. N. Johnson, who had charge of it for a short while, before it was moved to the store. Petersburg incorporated as a village in 1906. (The Aneta Panorama 9/12/40; 76; 80) RECTOR: A Great Northern R. R. loading station in Sec. 22-154-60. Origin of name not known. RUBY: A rural post office established on Sec. 21-150-57, Dec. 14, 1886 with Alfred V. Fuller, postmaster; discontinued in 1907. Origin of name not known. (80) RUGH: A short lived rural post office established Nov. 17, 1884 in the home of the postmaster Charles H. Rugh, in Rugh Twp. 150-R. 57; which was named for him also; discontinued Dec. 16, 1885 and mail sent to Adler. (80) SOGN: A rural post office established Aug. 10, 1887 on Sec. 29-150-58 with Nels E. Slinde, postmaster; discontinued in 1907. Supposedly named by Norwegian settlers for Sogn og Fjordane in the south cen­ tral part of their homeland. (80) 215 SAIDIS: A Soo Line loading station established on Martin Loken's land, Sec. 13-154-60. Origin of name not known.

STUMP LAKE P. O.: See WAMDUSKA.

TOLNA: Named for Tolna Tolman, eldest daughter of the town- site owner. The village in Sees. 10-11 of Dayton Twp. was founded in 1885; incorporated in 1907. The Great Northern R. R. surveyors platted the townsite in 1906. The post office was established Aug. 11, 1906. (The Lakota American 6/7/56)

WAMDUSKA: An early post office on the northeast shore midway of Lake Wamduska, or Stump Lake; it was one of three established in 1879 on the Grand Forks-Fort Totten overland mail route and was generally known as STUMP LAKE P. O. A man named Homer E. Smith first kept the mail station established June 14, 1880; his son Warren carried the mail. Wamduska in the expressive Dakota Sioux language means—"When on the waters, oh, look!" or "Behold, behold the beauties." On clear days logs can be seen below the sur­ face; and where the water has receded, many large stumps protrude from the ground, giving the lake bed the appearance of a timbered area logged off by beavers. Geologist believe that Stump Lake was once connected with Devils Lake through a low valley or coulee and is a cemetery of prehistoric forest submerged by some cataclysm of which we have no record. Wamduska became a town in April 1882 when a Great Northern Rwy. survey seemed to show that the road would run from Larimore along the north shore of the lake. Several local promoters platted 40 blocks on Sec. 6-151-60 in July 1882 and lots sold and buildings were erected, 16 more blocks were surveyed; stores, a brick yard and a 42-room hotel were soon operating—50 buildings were erected within the year. There was a commanding view of lake, hill and plain and would be a pleasure resort. The post office was established July 11, 1882 with Emery Mapes, Jr., postmaster. The change in the railroad survey to con­ struct the line 10 miles north caused Wamduska to decline. It was officially vacated May, 1914. Some of the remains of the 100 bed hotel, "The Wamduska House" made of brick and its kiln still stand today, to mark the spot of this ghost town. (11, p. 203; 30, p. Ill; 80)

WHITMAN: Established in 1912 on Sec. 15, Sarnia Twp. by the Whitman Land Co. Named for E. A. Whitman, chief civil engineer of the St. Paul, Mpls. & Manitoba R. R. now the Soo Line. (10, p. 796; 44, p. 34) 216 OLIVER COUNTY APLIN: An inland post office established by 1907 in the northwest part of the county with Mrs. Martha A. Stephens, postmaster. It was discontinued in 1914 and mail sent to Beulah. It was named for Har­ ry Aplin, an early settler in the area. (80) ASTER: A rural post office, a few miles southwest of Sanger estab­ lished in the home of Peter Mortenson, postmaster in 1905. It has long since been discontinued. Origin of the name not known. (80) BENTLEY: See SANGER. BUTTE: A rural post office established by 1899 in the ranch home of the postmaster, Charles V. Day, in the southeast part of the coun­ ty. It was named for the well known butte (Square Butte) a few miles west of it. The post office was discontinued in 1913. (80) CENTER: This village was founded on Sec. 15-142-84 and named by the early residents for its central location in the county. It was des­ ignated the county seat, Nov. 4, 1902; incorporated as a village in 1928. (19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 139) CORDES: An inland post office established in 1905 in the home of the postmaster, Christ Skubenna and has long since been discontin­ ued. Origin of the name not known. (80) ELLIS: A rural post office named for Byron Ellis, an early settler, was established Sept. 1,1903 in the home of A. B. Marshall, postmaster; discontinued long ago. (80) EVANS: A post office established in 1909 in the home of the post­ master, Bernard E. Evans, on Sec. 7-142-87, which is near the west county line; now discontinued. (80) FORT CLARK: The site of this fort, a well stockaded trading post, 132 by 197 feet was built in the spring of 1831 by James Kipp, a few miles below the mouth of the Big Knife River for the American Fur Co. The Mandan Indians already had a village near the same site. The fort was named for William Clark of the Lewis and Clai'k Expedi­ tion, which spent the winter of 1804 on the opposite bank of the Mis­ souri in their Fort Mandan camp. Fort Clai'k, because of its flourish­ ing trade with the Mandans, was for several years second only to Fort Union in Missouri importance, but was closed during the smallpox epidemic of 1837 which almost exterminated the Mandans, and a few years later was abandoned by the company. ( 5, p. 174; 38, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 12; 19, vol. 22, no. 1 & 2, p. 17) FORT CLARK (town): Platted in 1900 on SW1/., Sec. 31-144-83 and NWV4 Sec. 6-143-83 and obviously named for the American Fur Co., 217 trading post established in 1830, the site of which is about one and one- half miles northwest. The railroad reached this village in 1911. (19, vol. 22, nos. 1 & 2, p. 17; 38, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 12) FORT KIPP: Also known as KIPP'S POST, was a trading post of the American Fur Co., that James Kipp operated near the mouth of the White Earth River during the winter of 1825-26 for trade with the Assiniboines. During 1827, the Columbia Fur Co., united with the American Fur Co. In 1830, the new company, which took the name of the latter, ordered Kipp to begin construction of Fort Clark, where again he operated in 1833-34. (8, p. 41; 19, vol. 22, nos. 1 & 2, p. 53) GAINES: A post office established on the Gaines Ranch north of Sanger "on NEl/j, NW^i, Sec. 19-143-81 in 1904 with Alfred Peterson, postmaster. (42) HANNOVER: This settlement on Sec. 23-142-85 on the Knife River about seven miles from Stanton began in 1882 by a colony of immi­ grants from Hanover, Germany, led by August and Edward Hanne- mier. The post office was established in 1886. (76) HEART RANCH: See YUCCA. HENSLER: Originally, a post office established Jan. 4, 1882 by Louis Connolly on his homestead, two miles west of the present townsite and given his wife's surname. His wife, Lizzie, was the daughter of P. Hensler, an early pioneer of this vicinity. The town of Hensler was established in 1886 by a townsite company comprised of James Hanley, F. R. Schofield, H. Holtan and C. F. Massingham. (76; 80) KIPP'S POST: See FORT KIPP. NISBET: A rural post office in the northwest section of the county was established by 1903 in the home of the postmaster, John Nisbet; long since discontinued. (80) OTTER CREEK: A post office established in the late 1880s on Sec. 10-141-86 near Otter Creek, which was named by early settlers for the many otters found there. The post office was discontinued by 1906. (76) PINTO: A rural post office in the mid-western portion of the county established by 1903 with Ellen Kirby, postmaster; long since discon­ tinued. It was named for the piebald horse or pony used on cattle ranches in pioneer days throughout the west. (80) PRICE: Founded in 1911 on the SEl/j, Sec. 28-142-81, the homestead of William Price, from whom the Northern Pacific R.R. Co., acquired the townsite and the right-of-way; the surveyors named the townsite \ for him. It did not thrive but a few years. All that remains now of the 218 town is an abandoned store, one dwelling, a loading platform and yards and a portion of a grain elevator. It promises to be within a few years, another ghost town. (19, vol. 22, nos. 1 & 2, p. 45; 73; 76) RAYMOND: An early-day Missouri River port established two and one-half miles north of the present town of Sanger on SW1/4 See 24-143-81. Named for Tom Raymond, an old buffalo hunter who came from the upper Missouri region and settled in the Knife River Val­ ley in the early 70s, where the Raymond Coulee and Raymond Flats are named for him. He had an old buffalo gun, a Sharpe's rifle, with which he could hit large game at a distance of a half mile. (8, p. 29) RHEIN: A post office established on NW% See 13-142-87 by 1902. Peter Bumann was postmaster in 1907. The post office was discon­ tinued soon after. Origin of name not known. (80) SANGER: Established in SEV4 Sec. 31-143-81 in 1879 and first called BENTLEY for Dr. W. A. Bentley, local resident and member of the Territorial Legislature, and designated as the county seat. The post office was established June 6, 1881 with George Sanger, postmaster. After the county seat was moved to Center in 1884 the name was changed to Sanger for C. Henry Sanger, former county commissioner and townsite owner. (7, p. 337; 19; 73; 76; 80) SEROCO: An inland post office in the northeastern part of the county. A coined word—combination of the first two letters of Sears Roebuck & Co., a Chicago retail firm which made a wide distribu­ tion of their catalogue by mail. (10, p. 785) SILO: An inland post office established by 1903 a few miles west of Sanger with George Maxwell, postmaster; now discontinued. Origin of name not known. (80) YUCCA: In 1882, C. M. Whitman operated a small trading post and store here on the bank of Square Butte Creek in Sec. 10-141-86. A post office was established in the store in 1903 and named HEART RANCH for a ranch owned by the storekeeper, Whitman. Shortly after, the name was changed at the suggestion of Mrs. R. H. Walker, local resident, to Yucca, for the native yucca lily (Spanish Bayonet) which grows profusely in this area. The post office was discontinued in 1928; reestablished in 1931. (76)

PEMBINA COUNTY ALMA: See BOWESMONT. AKRA: The town and its township were named by the Icelandic settlers, who came to this area from Akra, Iceland in 1878. The town, 219 founded in 1882 on Sec. 14, is one of a group of communities comprising what is believed to be the largest Icelandic settlement in the United States. Akra is near the southern edge of the Pembina Mountains, near the wooded western rim of the level Red River Valley. The post office was established Jan. 2, 1890, with Stigur Thorwaldson, post­ master. Akra, in Icelandic, means "cultivated fields." (7, p. 234; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BACKOO: John Mountain, one of the first settlers founded and named this town on Sec. 23 and 24, Advance Twp. for the river (Bor- coo) in his native Australia, principally for the reason that it was a new name in the United States. The post office was established Sept. 26, 1887, with William L. Weeks, postmaster. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BALTIMORE: See GLASSTON. BATHGATE: Pleasantly situated at a bend of the Tongue River, it was given the descriptive name BAYVIEW when it was founded in 1879 on Sec. 3 of Bathgate Twp., on land owned by Isaac Foster. Two years later he sold this land to townsite promoters, Comstock and White, who platted the townsite and changed the name to that of its township, which was named by Scottish settlers for the manufacturing "burgh" of Bathgate in West Lothian County, Scotland. The post office was established Nov. 2, 1881, with William Foster, postmaster. Bathgate incorporated as a city in 1907. (11, p. 201; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 38, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 93; 80) BAY CENTRE: A rural post office in Sec. 4-163-55 was established Jan. 20, 1885, in the home of the postmaster, Andrew J. Lindsay; long since discontinued. Origin of the name not known. (80) BAYVIEW: See BATHGATE. BOWESMONT: Originally named ALMA for Alma, Ontario, Canada when it was established in 1878 on the west bank of the Red River on Sec. 35-161-50. The post office was established here Feb. 9, 1880, with William Hogg, postmaster. Six months later, on Aug. 2, 1880, it was renamed BOWESMOUNT for William Bowes, the first storekeeper, as well as one of the townsite promoters. The addition of "mount" was suggested by the rise of the ground upon which the town was built — not so great a rise, however, but that the Red River steamboats could discharge freight almost at the doors of the store. Repeated spring floods prompted removal of the buildings, three miles west, in 1887 to the railroad just constructed. The post office was discontinued April 6, 1888, and mail sent to Drayton; reestablished one month later, on May 7, 1888, with Volney S. Waldo, postmaster and the spelling of the name was changed to Bowesmont. (7, p. 187; 11, p. 200; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) 220 BOWESMOUNT: See BOWESMONT. BRUCE: See McCONNELL. CAMP COMFORT: Named for Patrick and Nickolas Comfort, early settlers of this area. It is the site of the camp where the "Old Hunters Trail" of fur-trading days crossed the Tongue River. It is now an acre of wooded picnic grounds. (5, p. 220; 7, p. 234) CANTON VILLAGE: See HENSEL. CARLISLE: A settlement named for its township, 12 miles west of Pembina, along the banks of the Tongue River, in 1876 formed the nucleus of Carlisle. A post office was established Aug. 21, 1878, and named for Adolph Carl, postmaster, an early settler, and for whom the township was named. Others claim it was named for Carlisle, Canada. (11, p. 200; 80) CARLTON: A short-lived rural post office established Jan. 9, 1871, with Jacob Lowell, Jr., postmaster; discontinued Feb. 9, 1872. Named by settlers from Carlton County, Canada. (80) CAVALIER: Named for its township, which was named for Charles T. Cavileer, the first permanent white settler in Pembina County, first collector of customs, first assistant postmaster at Pembina, and one of the earliest settlers, Aug., 1851, within the present boundaries of North Dakota. Later spelling of the name has been Gallicized. The first settlement here was made July 31, 1876, by several families seeking land, who had traveled overland from Missouri in covered wa­ gons. They had intended to settle in Manitoba but found the Mennon- ites ahead of them there and so decided to locate on the Tongue River. John Bechtel, leader of this group, opened up a store and erected a flour mill in 1876 on the present site of Cavalier on Sec. 4-161-54. A post office was established in his store June 20, 1877, and he was assigned postmaster. Cavalier incorporated as a city in 1903. It is now the county seat. (16, p. 7; p. 353; 80) CHABOILLEZ POST: See FORT PEMBINA. CONCRETE: A railroad loading station on the North Dakota branch of the Great Northern near the cement mines in this area. It was named by Mrs. Webster Merrifield, whose husband, for many years president of the North Dakota University, was one of the owners of the cement plant that once operated here near the source of the Tongue River. The first post office was on the SW^/i, Sec. 32-61-56, a mile southeast of its present site and was named YOUNG when it was established Mai'ch 20, 1882, for Samuel Young, the postmaster. (7, p. 235; 11, p. 200; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) 221 COULEE: See HALLSON, CRYSTAL: The town and its township were named for the "crystal- clear" quality of water found here. This settlement began in 1878 near the head waters of the Park River. Wm. Richey established a post office on his land here and named it RICHMOND. The post office on Sec. 13-159-55 was soon after established May 28, 1880, with A. F. Appleton, postmaster, who named the town Crystal. It incorporated as a village in 1891; as a city in 1893. (11, p. 200; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) DIMOCK: A Great Northern Rwy. station on Sec. 26-160-53 a few miles north of St. Thomas, which had a short-lived post office estab­ lished Aug. 3, 1882, with John V. Mclntyre, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 10, 1883, and mail sent to St. Thomas. Supposedly named for Dimock, Pa., former home of a settler. (80) DOUGLAS POINT: A point on the Red River where George A. Doug­ las established a post office June 20,1877, which was never in operation and was rescinded July 30, 1877. The location is not certain. (80) DRAYTON: Originally known as HASTINGS LANDING, named for Capt. Hastings, a steamboat operator. It was once an important Red River boat landing in the extreme southeast corner of the county on Sec. 26-159-51. It was given its present name, as was the township by Canadian settlers who came in April, 1878, from Drayton, Ontario, Canada. The post office was established July 1st that year with Ezra A. Healey, postmaster. The Northern Pacific R.R. reached here in 1887. Drayton incorporated as a village in 1888; as a city in 1896. (11, pp. 200-2; 76; 80) ERNEST: A rural post office in the northwest corner of the county, on Sec. 13-163-56, established Feb. 25, 1880, with Henry McGuin, post­ master; long since discontinued. Named for the son of John H. Wal­ lace of Drayton, N. Dak. (80) EYFORD: A rural post office a few miles southeast of Mountain, was established June 11, 1887, in the home of the postmaster, Jacob Eyford; long since discontinued. (80) FLEECE: A rural post office of short duration was established Oct. 15,1912, in the home of the postmaster, Walker F. Moody; discontinued Sept. 30, 1913, and mail sent to Joliette. Fleece is a family name of the postmaster. (80) FORT DAER: In 1812, Lord Selkirk, in charge of Hudson's Bay Co. post, Fort Douglas, sent a group of colonists from there up the Red River to establish another fur trading post. They selected a place on the south bank of the Pembina River where it empties into the Red River, and directly opposite Pembina House, the fur trading post of 222 the North-West Fur Co., on the north bank of the Pembina. There they erected several log huts and around all the buildings they built a stockade to protect them from the hostile bands of Indians. This little group of cabins was the beginning of the village of Pembina, the first settlement in what is now North Dakota. They named the fort after one of the titles of their patrons. They little guessed that Selkirk had sent them to drive the North-West Fur Co. traders out of the country. Five years later the present boundary between the United States and Canada was established. In the following years there was a great deal of trouble between Lord Selkirk and the North-West Fur Co., in which many people were killed. Finally the two companies were united under the name of Hudson's Bay Co. Major Stephen H. Long, in July, 1823, headed a government expedition to Pembina for the pur­ pose of determining whether British settlements were on our soil. The Fort Daer settlers left their quarters and moved north to the east bank of the Red River. (5, p. 96; 16, p. 5; 19, vol. 1, no. 4, p. 51; 59, p. 10) FORT PAUBIAN: Alexander Henry, agent for the North-West Fur Co., abandoned the Park River fur trading post May 17, 1801, and moved with his brigade to a selected plot of about five acres, 100 yards from the north bank of the Paubian River, near the Red, for the build­ ing of a fort that was completed Oct. 1 of the same year, that thereafter served his scattered forces as headquarters. This was the spot selected originally by Jean Baptiste Chaboillez, who built a post here in 1797 and named it "Riviere Pembinati." A considerable settlement of Indi­ ans followed the building of the post — all of which had entirely dis­ appeared upon Henry's arrival. The new fort was also known as Fort Paubian, but was later called PEMBINA HOUSE, the river being also renamed. See PEMBINA. (5, pp. 18-31, 40) FORT PEMBINA: United States troops were stationed in this area during the outbreak of the Sioux Indians in 1863, through Minnesota and Dakota Territory. Although they were the first troops here, they were disbanded after a few months. The military post was estab­ lished July 9, 1870, on the west bank of the Red River and on the north side of the Pembina River, one mile south of the present town of Pembina and four and one-half miles south of the Canadian boundary. This was one of a chain of pioneer forts for protection against the Indians on one of principle lines of travel and communication by land and river. It was a comparatively small post with quarters for 200 men, all buildings frame with single roof except the magazine which was brick. Reservations declared Oct. 4, 1870, comprised an area of about 1,920 acres. No other early fort in our present state was located near an existing town. It was first named Fort George H. Thomas, for General George H. Thomas of Civil War fame, but the name was 223 disapproved by General Wm. T. Sherman, then head of the army, on the ground that the name of the historic town of Pembina should be retained for the post. A rule was later established that no post should be named after a living officer. A small garrison was maintained here until the post was abandoned on Nov. 5, 1895, when it was transferred to the Department of the Interior and the reservation was sold at public auction. See PEMBINA (town) for origin of name. (11, p. 104; 23, p. 5; 31, p. 224; 38, vol. 1, no. 9, p. 28) GARDAR: Originally named PARK by the settlers in 1880, then re­ named PARKTOWN, supposedly for its scenic view. This Icelandic settlement, dating from 1879, was largely through the pioneering ef­ forts of Eirikier H. Bergman, Who established the post office March 15, 1881, and was assigned postmaster. The railroad had reached here and the residents named the post office, village and township Gardar, er­ roneously spelled GARDER until Aug. 23, 1882, when it was corrected. The name was suggested by the poet Stephen G. Stephenson, for it was the name of the Swedish viking, one of the early discoverers of Iceland. For some time Iceland was called Gardars Holmi, "The Islet of Gardar." (4, p. 20; 76; 80) GARDER: See GARDAR. GLASSTON: The post office was a short distance north of its present site and was originally called BALTIMORE, supposedly for Lord Balti­ more, English statesman, when it was established Aug. 24, 1882, with Edward Sing, postmaster. When it was moved to its present site on Sec. 2, St. Thomas Twp., Sept. 20, 1886, the early settlers renamed it for Archibald Glass, the first postmaster and storekeeper. (19, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 141; 20, p. 186; 76; 80) GRUND: A rural post office established July 9, 1894, in the home of the postmaster, A. Anderson; discontinued June 17, 1895. No other data available. (80) HAIR HILLS: See WALHALLA. HALLSON: In 1878, Hjalgrimor Hallson and Sigurdur Bjornson foun­ ded this Icelandic settlement on Sec. 24, Beaulieu Twp., and named it COULEE, for the natural ravine here. The post office was established March 29, 1881, with Bjornson, postmaster. The name was changed to Hallson when the office was moved to Sec. 20 and established Sept. 18, 1882, in the home of Johann P. Hallson, one of the earliest settlers. Gisle Egilson was assigned postmaster. (4, p. 19; 80) HAMILTON: A post office, named for its township, was established Oct. 30, 1879, with Donald M. Mcintosh, postmaster. The townsite land in Sec. 35 was owned by William Ferris, from Ottawa, Canada, 224 who settled here in the spring of 1879 and sold it two years later to Comstock and White of Moorhead, townsite proprietors. There are two versions as to the origin of the name — (1) named for Sam Hamil­ ton, a pioneer settler in the township, and (2) named by Canadian settlers for Hamilton, Ontario. (7, p. 188; 11, p. 201; 76; 80) HASTINGS LANDING: See DRAYTON. HENSEL: A settlement began in 1879 on Sees. 12 and 13, Park Twp., and named by the townsite officials, CANTON VILLAGE for it was but a canton or several villages at the headwaters of the Tongue River colonized by Icelandic immigrants from Canada. A post office was established Nov. 2, 1887, by Joseph Irwin, the postmaster, three miles northwest of its present site and named Hensel for his former home in Ontario, Canada. Two years later the post office was moved to the Canton Village, but retained its name as did the village officially keep its name. (7, p. 234; 10, p. 760; 76; 80) HYDE PARK: James Hyde, in April, 1876, and John D. Hyde, in May, 1878, homesteaded along the wooded area of the Pembina River, a few miles west of Neche. A post office was established here Dec. 20, 1878, with James Hyde, postmaster, which has long been discontinued. (4, p. 18; 16, p. 8; 38, vol. 5, no. 2; 38, vol. 5, no. 2; 80) JOLIETTE: First among the settlements made after the Pembina River Valley had become well settled, was Joliette, on the Red River on Sec. 35-162-51. French Canadians were its first settlers; Frank La- Rose was the first. They named the post office, which was established Aug. 7, 1879, for Joliette, Quebec, Canada. John B. Rivett was ap­ pointed postmaster. The post office was moved several times before the townsite was platted on Sees. 27 and 34, Joliette Twp., and became a railroad station. (7, p. 187; 11, p. 200; 80) KELVIN: A short-lived rural post office established Feb. 13, 1886, with Reuben F. Kenney, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 27, 1887. No other data available. (80) LANGTON: A rural post office, of short duration, was established March 7, 1884, in the farm home of the postmaster, James Langton; discontinued April 7,1886, and mail sent to Pembina. (80) LEROY: Originally known as LEROY'S TRADING POST, estab­ lished by metis (half-breeds) in the 1850's. French-Canadians mi­ grated westward from the fur trading posts in the Red River Valley intermarrying with Chippewa women. Their children, known as metis, became adept voyageurs and their part in the early fur trade was very important. They were excellent hunters, trappers and couriers. When this region began to be settled, the metis were the 225 first mail carriers, since their stamina and knowledge of the frontier made them most reliable men. This post, on the Pembina River, was named for Julien Leroy, a noted French horologist and author. Father LaFlock transferred the Saint Joseph Mission from Walhalla to Leroy in 1873. A post office was established in this village of Leroy Aug. 30, 1887, with Albert Noice, postmaster. (7, p. 246; 10, p. 762; 76; 80) LEROY'S TRADING POST: See LEROY. LEYDEN: Founded on Sec. 7, Advance Twp., and named after the city of that name in the southern part of Holland, where the Pilgrims lived for a time before their emigration to the New World in 1620. The post office was established Feb. 16, 1898, with John P. Myhre, postmaster.' ' (10, p. 763; 76; 80) LOWREN: A post office established Aug. 8, 1880, with Ola A. Moe, postmaster; rescinded Dec. 20, 1880. No other data available. McARTHUR: A post office, established by D. H. McArthur, on Sec. 9-162-51, Aug. 17, 1904, with Charles H. Hunt, postmaster; discontinued June 10, 1914. The Great Northern stockyard and loading station here were discontinued in Sept., 1957. (10, p. 764; 80; C. F. Emerson, Pembina, N. Dak.) McCONNELL: A rural post office on Sec. 28-163-54, originally named BRUCE, for Hector Bruce, employed in 1874 by Capt. Griggs to survey and mark off townsite property owned by him. The post office was established April 27, 1881, in the home of the postmaster, Robert Mc- Connell, a settler of 1879. The name was changed to McConnell Oct. 31,1883. (80; C. F. Emerson, Pembina, N. Dak., 9/10/56) MOUNTAIN: Elevation suggested the name for this, one of the larger Icelandic towns in the state, established in the 1870's on Sec. 16-160-56. There is, in fact, no mountain at all, nor yet a hill. It is a terrace of tableland, the ancient shore of a great body of water (Lake Agassiz) that once filled the whole of Red River Valley to the depth of 200 to 250 feet. The settlers, who came here in 1873 with their minister, Rev. Pall Thorlaksson, were all Icelanders. Their post office was es­ tablished Sept. 12, 1873, with Harold Thorlaksson, postmaster. Prior to that, their settlement nearby v/as known as VIK (short for Viking). Vik, in Norwegian, means creek, cove, or inlet where sea robbers laid in waiting for passing ships. Others say it was named for Lars Vik, an early settler from Fillmore County, Minn. The log church in Mountain is said to be the oldest Icelandic church in America. (4, pp. 19-20; 7, p. 234; 11, p. 201; 20, p. 227; 76; 80; 84) MUGFORD: A rural post office, established on See 13, Midland Twp., by an English homesteader named Mugford. George Hodgson was as- 226 signed postmaster, Jan. 6, 1886. Long since discontinued. (80; C. F. Emerson, Pembina, N. Dak., 9/10/56) NECHE: Settlement began around Smuggler's Point, an early fur trading post a mile or so west of the present site of Neche. The settle­ ment was mainly Scots who came here for protection when evicted from the Selkirk Colony in Manitoba. Their post office was about a mile north of the present site of Neche, known as OTTENTION, for when it was established May 27, 1873, John Otten was the assigned postmaster; discontinued Oct. 29, 1873; reestablished Dec. 6, 1875, with Joseph Daniels, postmaster. The St. Paul, Mpls. and Manitoba Rwy. (now the Great Northern), in the spring of 1882 crossed the country and entered Canada, and in December of that year platted a townsite on Sec. 31-164-53, naming it Neche. The post office was moved here from Ottention and M. J. Lyman was appointed postmaster, soon suc­ ceeded by Andrew H. Nesbitt. Neche became a port of entry in the fall of 1882, and Henry C Feldman was appointed collector of customs and James Laporte, inspector. In January, 1883, the first building erected on the townsite was the Brown Bros. Store. The village or­ ganized in August, 1883. It is supposedly named by James J. Hill, GNRR president, who stood in the saloon of the small trading post here and heard an Indian greet the bartender with the word "Neche." He asked the meaning and was told it meant "friend" in the Chippewa language. Hill is then reported to have said, "We will call this place Neche." The township is named for the town. (11, p. 201; 7,4/15/27; 76; 80) NOWESTA: A point on the Red River on Sec. 20, Lincoln Twp., named for the Nor'westers, as pronounced by the residents (North West Fur Co.), who hunted for furs in the pioneer days. Their post at the forks of the Red River in 1812 was named Fort Gibraltar. The post office was established at Nowesta Nov. 25, 1885, with Whitfield Douglas, postmaster; long since discontinued. The Nor'westers were generally metis, or halfbreeds. (10, p. 775; 19, vol. 1, no. 4, p. 52; 80) OTTENTION: See NECHE. PARK: See GARDAR. PARKTOWN: See GARDAR. PEMBINA: This place dates its beginnings back to 1797-1798 when Charles Chaboillez, of the North West Fur Co., established and oper­ ated a temporary wintering fur trading post on this site. Shortly afterward the Hudson's Bay Co. and the X Y Company (both Canadi­ an) established several posts in this area. But Pembina, at the con­ fluence of the Red and Pembina Rivers, evolved from a settlement 227 here in 1812 of dispossessed Scotch and Swiss colonists brought here to farm by William Douglas, the Earl of Selkirk, under an agreement with Hudson's Bay. Co. It was considered British territory until 1818 when the international boundary defined this settlement on United States soil. It had the first school and the first church in Dakota Territory. Although this was the first permanent white settlement and fur trading post in the present states of North and South Dakota, it made little progress until 1843 when Commodore N. W. Kittson, of the American Fur Co., established a lai'ge store here, plentifully stocked with goods of all kinds. His business consisted in buying furs and shipping to St. Paul. In 1844 he was appointed postmaster, which led to monthly mail carried by dog teams to and from St. Paul and by and Red River carts. Kittson named the office Pem­ bina. There is some dispute in regard to the meaning of the name — however-, recognized authorities claim the name Pembina is derived from the Chippewa word "anepeminan," meaning literally summer berry, a red berry known among the whites as the "high bush cran­ berry" which grew in abundance along the banks of the river which flows north; hence the name, "The Red River of the North." In 1851 Pembina was made a port of entry and Charles Cavileer of St. Paul, Minn., was appointed collector of customs, arriving in Aug. 1851. He was soon appointed assistant postmaster to Kittson serving until 1854. It was not until April 28, 1865 that Cavileer was appointed post­ master. Joseph Rolette, Joseph Buckman, and John E. Sheals pre­ ceded him. After 20 years as postmaster, he was succeeded by his son E. K. Cavileer. Pembina was incorporated as a city in 1885. (11, p. 199; 16, p. 4; 22, July and Aug. 1958; 23, p. 5; 38, vol. 1, no. 9, p. 28; and vol. 11, p. 4; 80) PEMBINA HOUSE: See FORT PANBAIN. PITTSBURG. A post office named PITTSBURGH established on Sec. 35, Lincoln Twp., Feb. 9, 1880 with Mrs. Margaret A. Bigger, post­ master. The spelling of the name was changed to Pittsburg on Feb. 9, 1892 with James S. Douglas, postmaster. The origin of the name is not known. The Great Northern R.R. stockyards and loading station at Pittsburg were discontinued Sept. 1957. (80) PITTSBURGH: See PITTSBURG. PRATTSFORD: An inland post office on Sec. 24, Carlisle Twp. es­ tablished May 27, 1887 with Alexander Pratt, postmaster; discontin­ ued March 31, 1910. (80) RICHMOND: See CRYSTAL- SAINT JOE: See WALHALLA. 228 SAINT JOSEPH: See WALHALLA. SAINT THOMAS: Named for its township which was named by its (early settlers from Saint Thomas, Ontario, Canada. Comstock & White of Moorhead, Minn., townsite proprietors platted the townsite in 1881 on Sec. 10-159-53. The Great Northern Rwy. reached here in May 1882. Thomas J. Lemon, the first appointed postmaster, July 25, 1881 and his brother George W. operated the first general merchan­ dise store. Saint Thomas incorporated as a city in 1885. (7, p. 188; 11, p. 20; 76; 80) SHEPARD: An inland post office in the southwest corner of the county was established Jan. 26, 1885 in the farm home of the post­ master, James Shepard; discontinued March 4, 1887 and mail sent to Stokesville. (80) SMUGGLER'S POINT: In 1864 William H. Moorhead moved from Walhalla and located on Sec. 11-163-54 on the South Pembina River Road, where he erected a building which he occupied as a residence, tavern and store. It was known as Smugglers Point because it af­ forded smugglers an easy and isolated crossing of the Canadian bor- der. At that time there were but three houses between Walhalla and Fort Garry. Moorhead enjoyed a lively business for some time. Gen­ eral settlement of the country commenced in 1878. The St. Paul, Mpls. & Manitoba R. R. built through the county and passed to the east and the town of Neche displaced Smugglers Point in the annals of this area. (11, pp. 200-2) STOKESVILLE: A Catholic settlement around a country store on Sec. 14-159-56 in which a post office was established Dec. 11, 1885 with George Stokes, postmaster; discontinued in 1891. (80) SVOLD: This Icelandic settlement began in 1897; the post office was established May 5, 1899, on Sec. 31, Advance Twp., 4]/2 miles north­ east of Hallson with Halldor Viratim, postmaster; long since discon­ tinued. There are two versions as to the origin of the name. (1) Named for the island near the coast of Cammern, Germany, where Icelandic sagas tell of a great battle fought there in about the year 1000 between the king of Norway and coalition of Denmark, Sweden, and England. (2) A name submitted to the Postal Dept., selected from a list as being the most unusual and unlikely of duplication. (4, p. 20; 10, p. 789; 76; 80) THEXTON: A post office a few miles southeast of Hensel was es­ tablished in the farm home of the postmaster, Robert Thexton on March 2, 1887; discontinued Nov. 16, 1892 and mail sent to St. Thomas. (80) 229 TYNER: An inland post office on Sec. 6 Cavalier Twp. established July 7, 1881 with Andrew T. Carr, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 30, 1912 and mail sent to Cavalier. Origin of name not known. (80) VIK: See MOUNTAIN.

WALHALLA: Although Norman W. Kittson built a trading post on this site in 1843, the settlement is considered to have started in 1851 with the advent of Rev. James Turner, a half breed accompanied by Rev. Alonzo Barnard, who established the mission known as SAINT JOSEPH, more familiarly known as SAINT JOE. This was urged by Kittson, who was then stationed at Pembina. He enlisted Gov. Alex Ramsey of Minnesota, ex-officio Supt. of Indian Affairs to secure $500 for the work from the government. Father George A. Belcourt, a missionary priest, who had been working among the Indians in Can­ ada for a number of years has been accredited with establishing the Saint Joseph Mission. But it was not until 1853 that he moved the vestments of the Catholic church from Pembina, where he had been stationed since 1848. His move to Saint Joseph, no doubt was influ­ enced by the great and disastrous flood of the Red River in 1850. He soon built a church, a flour mill and a Sisters' School at Saint Joseph (now Walhalla). On March 26, 1862 the post office was established with James Mclntyre, postmaster. This Pembina River settlement on Sec. 21-163-56 by 1860 had become an important fur-trading post; but ten yeai's later good furs became scarce, the bison virtually dis­ appeared, and Saint Joseph was nearly deserted. The town revived shortly after a customs office was opened here in 1870. The post of­ fice was changed to Walhalla July 21, 1871 when George W. Reed was the appointed postmaster. The name was suggested by an army officer to George Emmerling, who came here in 1859 and built and operated a flour mill and promoted the townsite. The officer, after viewing the site with admiration, said, "This place should be called Walhalla, the home of the gods." There was a North West Fur Co. trading post on this site in the very early days known as HAIR HILLS, the for­ mer name of the Pembina Mountains. (5, p. 617; 11, p. 99; 16, p. 7; 38, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 43; 76; 80) WELFORD: An inland post office in the northwest part of the coun­ ty was established Jan. 5, 1886 in the farm home of the postmaster, Thomas Welford; discontinued July 30, 1904 and mail sent to Neche. (80) WESTVIEW: A post office established by July 25, 1881 with Thomas West, postmaster. No other data available. (80) YOUNG: See CONCRETE. 230 PIERCE COUNTY ANNIS: A rural post office established Sept. 12, 1900 with Walter Mc- Peek, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 15, 1905 and mail sent to Girard. Origin of name not known. (80) AYLMER: A Great Northern Ry. station in the SE part of the coun­ ty near the McHenry County boundary line. Named for Aylmer, On­ tario, Canada. (19, p. 128) BALTA: Originally named EGAN in 1911 for Egan Pierce, a Soo Line official. Because there was an Egan, South Dakota; it was con­ fusing, and the name was changed to Balta at the request of several residents, who formerly lived near Balta in the Russian Ukraine. The post office was established Feb. 6, 1913 with William H. Ortwain, post­ master. The village incorporated in 1930. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80; 83) BARTON: The townsite plat was filed by Comstock & White of Moorhead, Minn., and named DENNEY for a popular and well known G.N.R.R. conductor on this branch line. The post office was estab­ lished July 7, 1887 with Christian Evanson, postmaster. Why the name was changed to Barton is unknown. The Barton post office was es­ tablished June 13, 1893 with James A. Tyvand, postmaster. It is thought the English stockholders of the railroad, named it for a city in England; others think it was named for an executive of the road, Barton incorporated as a village in 1906. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 35, p. 94; 80; 83) BEYROUT: A rural post office established March 5, 1901 with Artas David, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 15, 1906 and mail sent to Fill­ more in Benson County. Origin of the name not known. (80) BRAZIL: An inland village established by the Brazil Grain & Ship­ ping Co., which attempted to have the G.N.R.R. extend a branch line from this point to the Soo R.R. farther south. They did prevail upon the Soo Line to extend their road from Drake to Devils Lake via Bra­ zil which brought this railroad through Pierce county but it by­ passed the surveyed site four and one-half miles south. The Bi'azil post office was established April 27, 1900 with Albert Fox, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 31, 1914 and mail sent to Rugby; reestablished June 5, 1929 with Hilma Dahl, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 31, 1930 and mail sent to Orrin. (80; 83) CLIFTON: Supposedly named by the G.N.R.R. officials for Clifton, the west part of Bristol, England. Originally it was but a railroad station with a depot and section house; a store and elevator were erected later. The post office was not established until 1938. Pioneer settlers believe the name Clifton was suggested by the fact that the 231 town, located in the Antelope Valley is surrounded by high, rocky cliff-like hills. (19, vol. 13, no. 3) DALLAS: See SELZ. DENNEY: See BARTON. EGAN: See BALTA. ELLING: An inland post office of short duration named for Elling N. Enger, who in 1885 pre-emptioned land northeast of where Barton is now located. (35, p. 101) FERO: About five miles east of Rugby. Named for Charles W. Fero, a G.N.R.R. engineer. The post office was established Aug. 4, 1905 with Michael Savage, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 15, 1911' and mail sent to Rugby. (80) FULDA: A short-lived rural post office established Nov. 18, 1903 with Paul Goldale, postmaster; discontinued May 5, 1904. Named by the German Russian settlers for the Fulda, a 90-mile long river in Germany. (80) GIRARD: A rural post office near Lake Girard established Aug. 18, 1901 with Carl E. Ellerton, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 31, 1909. (80) GRASSLAKE: A post office near the shore of Grass Lake, estab­ lished Sept. 17, 1896 with John Edes, postmaster; discontinued June 15, 1909. (80) HONG: A N.P.R.R. station in the SE part of the county about eight miles north of the Ramsey County boundary named for P. H. Hong, pioneer banker of Wolford. (10, p. 751) HURRICAN LAKE: A settlement that began in 1883 at the stage line station on- the border of Hurrican Lake, that was on the route between Creel City and Bottineau through Dunseith. The name given the lake was due to the many whirlwinds seen passing over its sur­ face. The post office was established here Nov. 26, 1886 with Fanny J. Halloway, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 31, 1905 and mail sent to Grasslake. (10, p. 752; 11; 35, p. 112; 80) JUNIATA: An inland post office established Aug. 21, 1901 and named by the first postmaster, Charles M. Guss, leader of a group of pioneer settlers from Juniata County, Pa., who homesteaded in this township. Guss was postmaster until the office was discontinued April 11, 1906 and mail sent to Pleasant Lake. (80; 83) LEVERICH: A loading platform and station named for a G.N.R.R. official. (10, p. 763) McCARTHYVILLE: A temporary railroad construction camp named for the foreman, Kelly McCarthy. (83) 232 MILL: An inland settlement, six miles northwest of Clifton. No other data available. ODESSA: A rural post office established May 11, 1899 with Conrad Erck, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 15, 1900. Local Russian settlers named it for their homeland city of Odessa in southwest Ukraine. (80) ORKNEY: See WOLFORD. ORRIN: A Soo Line station established in 1912 by the Tri-State Land Co.; named for Orrin Pierce, traveling salesman, who later became manager of the Minot Grocery Co. Ferdinand Seager from Harvey, was the first to locate here. He operated an implement store and was appointed the first postmaster Nov. 26, 1913. (76; 80; 83) RENO: An inland post office five miles north of Balta established June 13, 1901 with Charles M. West, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 31, 1905. Origin of the name not known. (80) RUGBY: Established in July, 1885 at the G.N.R.R. junction. Nels Jacobson operated a store here and was appointed postmaster Dec. 6, 1886. Named by the English .railroad stockholders for Rugby, Eng­ land. Platted in July, 1885, and is now the county seat. Incorporat­ ed as a village April 5, 1897; as a city Sept. 5, 1905. In 1931 a monu­ ment was erected one-half mile south of Rugby which marks the geographical center of North America. (18; 35, p. 23; 83) SELZ: Established in 1910 by the Northern Town & Land Co. Orig­ inally named DALLAS by settlers from Dallas, Texas. Postal au­ thorities objected and Rochus Sanders, first storekeeper, who was appointed postmaster Oct. 25, 1910 is believed to have selected the name Selz in 1912 in honor of Charles Alden Selz, author of "The Way of the Buffalo" and other tales of the Old West. This vicinity is the old Butte de Morale, buffalo hunting grounds of early years. Others say it was named for Selz, Russia by the early Russian homesteaders of this area. (10, 785; 75; 83; 80) SHERMAN: See TUNBRIDGE. SILVA: Established by a syndicate of farmers in 1912, when three elevators were erected, a number of homes, a store and a bank. The origin of the name Silva was lost in the turmoil of building. Silva is Latin, meaning forest, which is descriptive of the site — for it is in the Poplar Groves vicinity. John Nygren, original owner of the town- site is credited with naming it for a town in his homeland of Norway; others think it was named by railroad officials. The post office was established June 9, 1913 with Hans Morque, postmaster. (10, p. 789; 76; 83) 233 TUNBRIDGE: Established in 1886 and called SHERMAN for John Sherman, an early settler from Sweden, who owned the land. A post office was established here Oct. 12, 1901 with Ole L. Ohnstad as post­ master and the G.N.R.R. officials changed the name to Tunbridge for Tunbridge Wells of England to honor the English stockholders. (18; Pierce County Tribune 7/7/55; 51, 5/21/55; 76) WESTBY: A rural post office near the north county line established between 1901-4 with Simon Westby, postmaster; discontinued in 1906 with the advent of the railroad nearby. (83) WOLFORD: This village in the northeast corner of the county was originally named ORKNEY honoring local homesteaders from Orkney Islands, who came here from Canada. O. B. Berkness becaihe the first resident. The post office was established June 20, 1895 with Grace G. Smith, postmaster. Mail was brought from Grasslake until railroad service was established. The townsite was platted and lots put on sale June 23, 1905 and renamed Wolford, by the G.N.R.R. townsite agent for a friend living 20 miles northeast of the village.. There are others who believe it was named for an officer of the Da­ kota Development Co. of Willmar, Minn., which bought the townsite from the original owner, John Turner, homesteader of the land in 1896. The Wolford post office was established Aug. 8, 1905 with Grace G. Smith, postmaster. (10, 794; 76; 80; 83)

RAMSEY COUNTY BARTLETT: A railroad boom town established on Sec. 25, Bartlett Twp. in the fall of 1882 when the St. Paul, Mpls. & Manitoba Rwy. (now the Great Northern) extended this far from Larimore. Named for Frank B. Bartlett, as was the township, part owner of the scripped townsite land. The railroad designated it as "The End of the Track." The post office was established Jan. 4, 1883 with Thomas Thorson, postmaster. The village had a wonderful growth for two years, until Lakota, four miles east, became the county seat and most of Bartlett's business removed there or to Devils Lake. (3, pp. 2-3; 11, p. 206; 80) BROCKET: Townsite officials named this village, platted on Sec. 28, Lillehoff Twp. for John Brocket, an early settler active in the development of the community. The post office was established Aug. 21, 1901 with Daniel F. Humphrey, postmaster. The village incor­ porated in 1907. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) CATO: A rural post office established Sept. 7, 1898 with Erik Kal- hagen, postmaster; discontinued Dee 28, 1899 — never in operation. No other data available. (80) 234 CHAUTAUQUA: The idea for a state Chautauqua organization orig­ inated at a small summer gathering at Spirit Lake in June 1892. A stock company was organized, an executive committee appointed to decide the permanent location of the assembly; of all the bids re­ ceived, the location of the City of Devils Lake and its offer of 160 acres of Sec. 16, S. Lake Twp. with heavily wooded lake frontage, (the for­ mer Capt. Heerman's homestead north of the lake) was considered the best and accepted. Soon afterward the Great Northern Rwy. Co donated $2,500 toward the erection of a hotel — land was cleared — leases and lots sold for building sites — athletic and beach facilities provided. The first assembly was from June 28-July 23, 1893. The place was patterned after the nationally known assembly grounds at Chautauqua Lake, N. Y. Improvements were made year after year and Chautauqua thrived for many years before it was abandoned. (38, vol. 2, no. 11, p. 8; 38, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 5) CHURCH: A small settlement on Sec. 5, Coulee Twp., where a post office was established Dec. 12, 1883 with Irvine Church, postmaster, who founded the town. (80) CHURCHS FERRY: The railroad townsite officials named this sta­ tion, established in the summer of 1886, after the settlement one mile east, which was named for Irvine A. Church, its founder, first post­ master and operator of the ferry over the Mauvaise Coulee, a short distance east of the town. The post office at Church was moved to Churchs Ferry and established Nov. 13, 1886 with Irvine A. Church, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1897. The ferry was aban­ doned as the water disappeared and a bridge was built there. (38, vol. 1, no. 5, p. 27; 66, sec. 4, p. 4; 80) CITY OF DEVILS LAKE: See DEVILS LAKE. CRARY: There were three railroad surveys made in the spring of 1883 from Bartlett to Devils Lake. The middle survey was used. The grading was constructed in May and June that year and the first train over the line was on July 4, 1883. There was but one siding sta­ tion, which was half way, established on See 17, Stevens Twp., which was named MIDWAY. A post office was established here Jan. 14, 1884 on the William A. Crary homestead with Alfred Slighter, post­ master. Much complaint was made to the Postal Dept. for freight and mail went astray because another place in Dakota Territory was named Midway Station. When the townsite of three blocks was plat­ ted in 1885, James Whelon sent in the name of the original townsite owner and the name was changed to Crary. (1, p. 1073; 11, p. 206; 66, sec. 10, p. 3; 80) CREEL CITY: See DEVILS LAKE. 235 CREELSBURG: See DEVILS LAKE. DARBY: Sec. 13, Grand Harbor Twp. No other data available. DeGROAT: Both the township and its post office were named for George B. DeGroat, one of the first settlers in this area. The post of­ fice was established in his home on Sec. 24, June 10, 1884; discontin­ ued July 14, 1906 and mail sent to Evanston. (11, p. 206; 66, sec. 4, p. 4; 80) DERRICK: A Great Northern Rwy. station established in 1891 on Sec. 30, Prospect Twp. Named by townsite officials for P. O. Derrick, one of the earliest settlers in the vicinity. It is also claimed to be named for the high derrick of the Monscrip Bros., on which a lantern was hung at the top, in winter to guide belated travelers. The post office was established May 14, 1900 with Joseph Monscrip, postmast­ er. (10, p. 737; 76; 80) DEVILS LAKE: Lieut. Heber M. Creel, a West Point graduate, top­ ographical engineer, stationed at Fort Totten, resigned from the U.S. Army in the spring of 1882 and squatted on land bordering the north shore of Devils Lake, SEt/j, Sec. 34-156-64, where he surveyed a town- site and named it CREELSBURG. A post office was established here Nov. 15, 1882 with Heber M. Creel, postmaster. On Feb. 2, 1883 the name was changed to CREEL CITY and located on Sec. 28, Creel Twp. In May of that year the St. Paul, Mpls. & Manitoba R. R. Co. (now the Great Northern) bought five-eighths of the enlarged townsite, Sec. 33 and 34 Lake Twp. and established its station at this point on the lake, which was the head of the steamboat navigation and named it for this inland sea known as Devils Lake—the white man's misin­ terpretation of the Sioux name MiniWaukan ("Lake Holy One") or ("Lake Great One"). When the village incorporated in Feb. 1884, it was renamed CITY OF DEVILS LAKE; however the post office on Jan. 14, 1884 was named Devils Lake; Henry C Hansbrough was the assigned postmaster. When the county organized Jan. 25, 1883 it was designated the county seat; incorporated as a village in 1887; as a city in 1894. (3, p. 6; 11, p. 205; 66, sec. 2, p. 1; 80) DOYON: Founded in 1883 on Sec. 19, Bartlett Twp. Named for B. H. and Charles H. Doyon, brothers and early settlers and business men of the vicinity, who in 1896 platted and laid out the townsite on the main line of the Great Northern Rwy. between Bartlett and Crary. Charles was appointed the first postmaster on June 19, 1900. (1, p. 1078; 66, sec. 4, p. 4; 76; 80) DUDLEY: A rural post office established Dec. 28, 1900 with Mary E. Grimes, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 31, 1903 and mail sent to Starkweather. No other data available. (80) 236 EDMORE: Founded in July, 1901 on Sec. 24, Fancher Twp. and named by the Great Northern R. R. townsite officials for Edward E. Moore, who was appointed postmaster Aug 16, 1901. Edmore incor­ porated as a city in 1920. (66, sec. 4, p. 4; 76; 80) ELMO: A Soo Line R. R. station established in 1900. No other data available. END OF THE TRACK: See BARTLETT. ESSEX: Established in 1913 on Sec. 33, Minnewaukan Twp. There are two versions as to the origin of its name. The first residents named it for the Earl of Essex, an English soldier and courtier. Named for Essex County, N. Y., former home of homesteaders in this area. (38, vol. 1, no. 12, p. 18; 86) EVANSTON: A rural post office established Nov. 4, 1895 in the home of the postmaster, William J. Evans; discontinued July 15, 1910. (80) FINLAND: A rural post office established Oct. 29, 1898 in the home of the postmaster, Charles Hango, and named for his homeland; dis­ continued Dec. 26, 1901, and mail sent to Brocket. (80) FOX LAKE: A post office established on Sec. 24, Noonan Twp., May 31, 1888 with James A. Hinley, postmaster. Supposedly named for Fox Lake, Wis. No other data available. (80) GARSKE: This settlement on Sec. 5, Webster Twp. was named for the pioneer families of Herman, Charles, Louis and Gust Garske, settling here in 1883. Charles and Louis were the townsite owners. The post office was established Dec. 28, 1900 with Charles Garske, postmaster. (10, p. 745; 66, sec. 2, p. 8; 80) GRAND HARBOR: A settlement at the head of Teller's Bay which projects about six miles in a northeasterly direction from the main body of Devils Lake; established a post office on July 24, 1882 with Ever Wagness, postmaster and named it SCOTT, for Lieut. Scott. The townsite was platted on Sec. 5, Webster Twp. On Dec. 20, 1883 the name was changed to Grand Hai'bor; Michael E. Donahue was ap­ pointed postmaster. It was the finest harbor on the lake, as the name implies. (66, sec. 2, p. 1; 66, sec. 14, p. 8; 80) GREENWOOD: Sec. 18, Creel Twp. No other data available. HAMPDEN: A post office established March 4, 1902 on Sec. 4, North- field Twp. with Ole Iverson, postmaster; was named NORTHFIELD as was the township, by its settlers from Northfield, Minn., who came here in 1883. When the railroad reached here, the name was changed to Hampden by the railroad townsite officials to honor Frank Hamp­ den, an early homesteader here. The post office name was officially 237 changed July 15, 1903 with Joseph A. Elliott, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1917. (10, p. 749; sec. 4, p. 4; 76; 80) IOLA: A rural post office established Dec. 20, 1889 with John A. G. Dahlen, postmaster; discontinued May 17, 1903 and mail sent to Ben­ zoin. Named for Iola, Illinois. (80) JACKSON: An inland village on Sec. 9, Norway Twp., named for Abraham Jackson, who in 1879 led a party of land seekers from Hous­ ton County, Minn., to homesteads in this area. A post office was established March 11, 1884 with Jacob Fulkerson, postmaster; discon­ tinued July 30, 1910. (19, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 29; 80) JERUSALEM: There was a small settlement with a store and road­ side tavern at the east end of Devils Lake on Lamoreaux Bay in Twp. 152-62, where a post office was established Oct. 24, 1881. James G. Lamoreaux, the postmaster, for whom the bay was named, applied to the Postal Dept., to name the place Lake City, but was soon noti­ fied that compound names were not acceptable—he must select an­ other. This irked him and he said, "Thinking to make as much trouble as possible, I made it plenty long by choosing Jerusalem." Lamoreaux was an Indian trader from the Sandstone Reservation, D. T. The post office was discontinued March 8, 1904 and mail sent to Crary. (66, sec. 5, p. 4; 80) KEITH STATION: A Great Northern Rwy. loading station on Sec. 9, South Minnewaukan Twp., where the KILDAHL post office was established. Origin of the name not known. KILDAHL: The post office was established Feb'. 16, 1885 with An­ drew J. Kildahl, postmaster, who homesteaded nearby and later served as county commissioner. The post office was discontinued Jan. 16, 1893 and mail sent to Maza in Towner County (1, p. 1035; 80) LAKEWOOD PARK: On an attractive arm of Devils Lake known as Creel's Bay, a settlement grew up about a Chautauqua movement that was inaugurated in 1892, continued for more than 35 years, and became by 1911 the third largest in the country. This settlement was first named NORTH CHAUTAUQUA. A post office was established here June 30, 1902 with Idlette Booth, postmaster. The Chautauqua Association had its own railway from the park to the city of Devils Lake, and on some occasions special trains v/ere run on the lines into the city. The point is still a popular summer resort. The name was changed to Lakewood Park April. 1, 191.1. (7, p. 264; 80) LAUREN: See PENN. LAWTON: The township and its village on Sec. 28 were named for Gen. George Lawton, Spanish American War veteran. In 1902 he 238 was general in command of the Lawton Scouts in the Philippines, with whom many North Dakota National Guard Volunteer Infantry­ men served with distinction. A post office was established here Oct. 10, 1899 with Norman Anderson, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1911. (10, p. 762; 66, sec. 4, p. 8; 76; 80) LOCKE: A post office established Sept. 4, 1882 in the home of the postmaster, James A. Locke in Twp. 155-63 on the northeast bay of Sweet Water Lake. Locke owned a large tract of land around the lake. The settlement was picturesquely situated but never became a town. The post office was discontinued Feb. 1, 1899 and mail sent to Devils Lake. (11, p. 206; 66, sec. 10, p. 7; 80) LUND: A rural post office established Aug. 12, 1898 in the home of the postmaster, Nels C. Lunde; discontinued Aug. 16, 1901 and mail sent to the newly established railroad town of Edmore nearby. (80) MERL: A post office established Feb. 28, 1898 with Severt H. Oak­ land, postmaster; discontinued June 9, 1906 and mail sent to Nekoma in Cavalier County. No other data available. (80) MIDWAY: See CRARY.

MINNEWAUKON: Dana's Grove was to have been the name of the post office established July 21, 1882 with James B. Packard, post­ master, four miles southeast of Devils Lake on NEV4 Sec. 18-153-63, but at that time the post office department would not allow com­ pound names, so it was given the Sioux Indian name of the lake, "Mini" (water), "waukan" (holy one) "chante" (bad) meaning—(not good to drink) the water being salty, and the whites interpreted it— Devils Lake, which was incorrect. There is no nearer equivalent to "Devil" in Sioux language than "Black Dog". The Indians probably called it "Lake Great One" or "Lake Holy One," because of the won­ derful mirages that are seen near the opposite shore. Roaring of the waters and white caps during a storm, lent color to this belief. The post office was discontinued Feb. 13, 1884 by order of the department as "not needed" and the name was given the post office on the west­ ern shore of Devils Lake in Benson County, but the spelling was changed to Minnewaukan. (38, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 15; 66, sec. 2, p. 2 & sec. 14, p. 8; 80) NEWBRE: A rural post office established March 13, 1890 in the home of the postmaster, Orson C. Newbre; discontinued Aug. 9, 1902 and mail sent to Fox Lake. No other data available. (80) NORTH CHAUTAUQUA: See LAKEWOOD PARK. NORTHFIELD: See HAMPDEN. 239 ODESSA: Originally named BIRDSALL for F. L. Birdsall, super­ intendent of the Northern Pacific Rwy at that time. The town was laid out on a large scale to the east of Devils Lake in Twp. 152-63 in anticipation of the railroad making a crossing here; the town never developed. The post office was established April 14, 1905 with Erling Christofferson, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 18, 1906 and mail sent to Hamar in Eddy County. The name of the village was changed to Odessa, Oct. 1, 1911 by the Russian immigrant settlers in that area, for a city of that name in their homeland. (11, p. 206; 73; 80) PENN: First named LAUREN by the townsite owner, who platted it in 1882 on Sec. 25, Coulee Twp. When the Great Northern Rwy. reached here, the officials (many of them being English) renamed this station Penn, an English place name. A post office was estab­ lished Dec. 21, 1888 with Gustan H. Gessner, postmaster. (10, p. 778; 66, sec. 4, p. 7; 76; 80) RAMSEY: Founded in 1913. Both the county and village on See 13, Pelican Twp. were named by settlers from Ramsey County, Minn., which was named for , prominent in the early development of the Northwest, Civil War Governor of Minnesota. U. S. Senator and Sec'y of War. He introduced the first bill in the Senate for the territory of Pembina, which included Ramsey. The post office was established in the village of Ramsey Jan. 31, 1914 with Thor G. Nestegard, postmaster; discontinued July 15, 1924 and mail sent to Devils Lake. (66, sec. 2, p. 1; 80) ROCK ISLAND: An early trading post established in 1819 by French- Canadian, August Rock. Rock Island site in the extreme southwest corner of Lake Twp. is no longer on an island but a peninsula in Devils Lake. (11, p. 205) ROGERS: An early day post office established Nov. 23, 1882 in the home of the postmaster Richard H. Rogerson Sec. 34, Minnewaukan Twp. on the eastern margin of Devils Lake on the northeast shore of East Bay; long since discontinued. (11, p. 206; 80) ROHRVILLE: A small settlement established in 1913 on Sec. 19, Ontario Twp.; named for Andrew Rohr, on whose land this Soo Line station was located. Others claim it was named for J. B. Rohre, who owned land nearby. It never had a post office. (66, sec. 4, p. 4; 76) RUTTEN: A rural post office about four mlies northeast of Devils Lake townsite established Nov. 1, 1887 in the home of the postmaster Frank Rutten; discontinued Nov. 5, 1902 and mail sent to Crary. (80) SCHAPERA: A rural post office northeast of Sweetwaters Lake established Aug. 24, 1887 in the home of the postmaster Joseph Scha- pera; discontinued Dec. 23, 1889 and mail sent to Iola. (80) 240 SCOTT: See GRAND HARBOR. SOUTHAM: This Soo Line station on Sec. 13, Ontario Twp. was named for G. Southam, the townsite owner and prominent farmer of this area. His daughter had homesteaded the townsite. The post office was established May 17,1913 with Martin Johnson, postmaster. (10, p. 788; 66, sec. 4, p. 4; 76; 80) STARKWEATHER: A post office established Feb. 18, 1886 with James H. Borden, postmaster. Named for James E. Starkweather in whose home the post office was established. He was prominent in the early development of the community and in 1874 was county commissioner of Cavalier County. When the townsite was estab­ lished in 1902, on Sec. 2, Hammer Twp., it retained the earlier post office name. The village incorporated in 1903. (10, p. 788; 66, sec. 4, p. 4; 76; 80) STOVER: Sec. 5, Lawton Twp. SWAN: A short-lived rural post office established in the home of A. E. Swan, Sept. 12, 1882 with Michael E. Donahue, postmaster; dis­ continued Dec. 20, 1882 and mail sent to Grand Harbor. (80) THE END OF THE TRACK: See BARTLETT. TRACY: L. D. Bissell, a Civil War veteran secured land and estab­ lished a post office in his home Aug. 24, 1883 with William J. Mcln- tyre, postmaster. Bissell operated a store in connection. The origin of the name is not known. Both store and post office have long been discontinued. (11, p. 243; 80) WEBSTER: Both the township and its post office on Sec. 33 were named for Webster LaPlant, the first to settle here in 1882. The post office was established Jan. 1, 1903 -with William D. Millar, postmast­ er. (66, sec. 2, p. 4; 80)

RANSOM COUNTY ALICETON: Both the township and settlement in Sec. 20 on Dead Colt Creek are named for Alice Bemis, daughter of an early land owner here. The post office was established Feb. 12, 1884; discontin­ ued July 9, 1886 and mail sent to Lisbon. (11, p. 59; 48, vol. 73, no. 8, p. 9; 80) ANSELM: Originally named SHENFORD for its township which was named by William F. Bascom, one of its first settlers. He con­ tended that since the Sheyenne River runs through much of the township and is only shin-deep and readily forded, it should be called 241 Shinford. From that name Shenford evolved. The post office was established in Sec. 5 August 2, 1880 with William F. Bascom, post­ master. A village grew about it with a store operated by A. C. Marks, a backsmith shop, and elevator with loading station, making it a busy grain market by 1891. The post office name was changed to Anselm on Jan. 21, 1892 with Denis C. Cullen, postmaster. The wife of a Soo Line official named it for a famous medieval theologian and Archbishop of Canterbury. (11, p. 202; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 48, vol. 73, no. 8, p. 90; 80) BONNERSVILLE: A point of land on the Sheyenne River in Sec. 11-135-54, where Peter Bonner homesteaded in 1870, the first entry for land in Ransom County, was known as Bonnersville, to which other permanent settlers came in 1873 and founded a town. A post office was established here April 8, 1878 with Peter Bonner, post­ master; discontinued April 21, 1890 and mail sent to Shenford. (5, p. 543; 38, vol. 3, no. 11, p. 211; 80) BROCK WAY: An embryo town that never developed was started on Sec. 35, Allegany Twp. Named for Brockway, Pa., the former home of local settlers, who tried to promote it. BUTTZVILLE: Platted in the fall of 1882 on Sec. 17, Casey Twp. by the townsite owner Carrington and Casey Land Co. Named for Major Chas. W. Buttz, early Fargo attorney, legislator and Civil War veteran. He with his brothers John R. and David H. settled in this area in 1880, opened up three large farms and when the town was established erected and operated the first general store, an extensive lumber yard and elevator. David H. Buttz was appointed the first postmaster Jan. 25, 1883 and was the first to erect a home here. The business area was diminished and the town declined after the Soo Line Ry. and branch of the Northern Pacific was constructed across the county in 1891. (6, p. 577; 11, p. 203; 34, p. 648; 80) CAMP HAYES: On this site, named for Major Orrin B. Hayes of the First Minn. Mounted Rangers, Sy2 Sec. 36-134-55, Gen. H. H. Sibley and his Indian Expedition camped for a week in July, 1863 while awaiting supplies and mail from Fort Abercrombie. At each of his camps Sibley erected breastworks of some type, and the remains of the ravine trenches here are still visible. (19, vol. 1, no. 4, p. 5; 20, pp. 289-290) CAMP WHARTON: This Sibley campsite is named for Dr. Alfred Wharton, of the Sixth Minn. Vol. Inf. The expedition party passed about IV2 miles northeast of Lisbon and established camp on El/2 Sees. 18, 19, 20-135-56, where it halted several days—to await a supply train to arrive from Alexandria, Minn. On July 12, 1863 the expedi- 242 tion moved on and crossed the Sheyenne River at Stony Ford near Sorenson's Mills in Barnes County. (19, vol. 1, no. 4, p. 9; 38, vol. 3, no. 11, p. 212) COBURN: This town in Sec. 5 and its township were both named for Abner Coburn, a governor of the state of Maine, who in the late 70s bought thousands of acres of Northern Pacific Ry. lands in D. T. and owned all of Coburn Twp. The post office was established May 9, 1883 with Alonzo B. Rudd, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 4, 1883 and mail sent to Sheldon; re-established Dec. 28, 1889 with Robert H. Kreeger, postmaster; discontinued June 6, 1895; re-established again Feb. 14, 1896 with , postmaster; discontinued Feb. 6, 1897 and mail sent to Sheldon. (21;80) CROSSING: The Northern Pacific and the Soo Line railroads cross on Sec. 24, Liberty Twp. ELLIOTT: A post office established April 17, 1884 in the home of Thomas Elliott, a Canadian bachelor, a pioneer of 1879, who in 1880 purchased 2,000 acres in this area and platted a townsite on Sec. 23, Elliott Twp. (which was named for him), in a wagon wheel pattern with a park representing the hub, streets lined with trees for spokes and a race track for a rim. Wm. M. Cox and Frank Gardner opened up the first store. The post office was discontinued Dee 6, 1886 and mail sent to Lisbon; re-established Aug. 21, 1889 with Andrew A. Fylpaa, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 15, 1904. (48, vol. 13, no. 8, p. 9; 76; 80) ENDERLIN: The original platted townsite of 120 acres in Liberty Twp., purchased by The Minnesota Loan and Trust Co., Aug. 17, 1891 was from the homesteads of Eleanor Olson and Ranvel Gulickson. Its location is in the southern most bend of the Maple River on the Soo Line Ry., midway between Minneapolis and the Canadian bor- ' der. The post office was established Oct. 10, 1891 with Nels O. Akre, postmaster. Incorporated as a city in 1896. There are two versions as to the origin of the name. 1. It was named by the Canadian wife of A. L. Allen, a Soo Line official; she was fond of English novels, took the name from one she had just read. 2. The name was fash­ ioned with a touch of humor, by townsite officials from the expression used by grade workers, who referred to the end of the railroad track at that time as the "end der line." It was the temporary terminus of the Soo Line extension during the period of construction where headquarters were established. (10, p. 740; 38, vol. 3, no. 11, p. 220; 76; 80) ENGELVALE: The settlement that began here in 1880 was origi­ nally named MARSHALL for Marshall T. Davis, the townsite owner, who came from Friendship, N. Y. in the late 70s and secured 900 243 acres of land in this locality from J. E. Wisner of Lisbon. Another post office had been given this name, so when the townsite was plat­ ted in the spring of 1883, on Sec. 30, Elliott Twp. and Sec. 25, Hanson Twp., it was renamed Englevale for Mathias L. Engle, one of the townsite promoters. Engle came in the spring of 1881 from Allegany County, N. Y. filed on a homestead and tree claim, bought railroad lands at par for bonds until he secured 1,280 acres. He conducted a large farm enterprise, two miles south of the townsite. The post of­ fice was established Nov. 5, 1883 with Austin F. Taylor, postmaster, who had proved his right to a soldier's claim nearby, bought town lots, erected and operated the first hotel. The town was well located on the Southwestern Branch of the Northern Pacific Ry. from Fargo and prospered for many years. A great fire demolished much of the town in 1934. (1, p. 496; 11, pp. 203, 232; 38, vol. 1, no. 12, p. 6; 76; 80) FOREST CITY: See WISNER. FORT RANSOM: Established June 18, 1867 on the west bank of the Sheyenne River on Sec. 12-135-58, in the northwestern part of what is now Ransom County, for the purpose of keeping the hostile Sioux in check and guarding the trains of emigrants going westward. It was the first of a chain of forts, planned to be established across the prairies to protect the frontier and was within supporting distance of Fort Abercrombie. The original fort was built of logs and was suf­ ficient in size to accommodate 200 men. All the fort buildings were .protected by two block houses and sod and log breastworks 12 feet high, surrounded by a ditch eight feet deep. The fort was built by Gen. Alfred Terry and named for Gen. Thomas E. G. Ransom, a Civil War officer of the 11th Illinois Volunteers, who died of battle wounds Oct. 29, 1864. The county was named for the fort. When the N. P. Ry. reached Jamestown, the fort was no longer needed and it was abandoned on July 31, 1872. In Jan. 1880, there were 150 sections of land in this military reservation thrown open for settlement. (5, p. 543; 7, p. 304; 10, p. 709; 19, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 183; 23, p. 2) FORT RANSOM (town): In Jan. 1880, Fort Ransom military res­ ervation, (10 miles square) comprised of 150 acres was opened up for settlement. Soon after a village was established on Sec. 12, Ransom Twp., on the site of old Fort Ransom on the Sheyenne River among the trees at the foot of the hills, on which the ruins of the fort's breastworks are still visible. The post office was established June 23, 1880 with Isaac J. Oliver, postmaster. This village with its store and mill was often dubbed "Little Norway" for the residents were mainly Scandinavians from Norway, Wise and Minn. (7, p. 304; 80) 244 GRISWOLD: This boom town platted in 1883 by Henry W. Griswold, just west of the Plymouth post office, never materialized. Griswold discovered particles of gold in the rocks and soil of this area when working with his instruments, on a survey through Ransom county in 1882, for the Chicago, Northwestern R. R. Co. The following year, he with his friends, Frank E. Fry and Edw. P. Barker, spent some time exploring, then bought the Jackson Harris farm at $10 per acre. They shipped several carloads of rock to an Omaha smelter and or­ dered rock crushing equipment. They were secretive and set up an assay equipment in the farm's log building and did not announce their find until Oct. 19, 1883, when they were almost forced to. This brought a rush of goldseekers; claims were filed on; the whole Shey­ enne Valley was explored. Prospectors abandoned the area in the summer of 1884, when they, in estimating the cost of mining and amalgamating the ore, found they were losing 16tf on every ton. A post office was established at Griswold, Dec. 11, 1883; discontinued July 30, 1884 and mail sent to Plymouth. (11, p. 202; 48, vol. 73, no. 8, p. 9; 80) HAYES: A rural post office established May 1, 1894 in the home of the postmaster, William A. Hayes, discontinued April 12, 1899 and mail sent 12 miles north to Lisbon. (80) JENKSVILLE: See SHELDON. KIDVILLE: A ghost town now but once was a lively inland village at the cross roads in the NE corner of Sec. 15, Foi't Ransom Twp. It was dubbed Kidville by one of the storekeepers at the town of Fort Ransom, l]/2 miles northeast, who did not look kindly to the possible competition that might come from the kids, Andrew J. Olson, mer­ chant and Alfred Thompson, blacksmithy who founded the town in 1898. Both were barely out of their teens and were classed as kids. In the twenty years Kidville existed, it had a well stocked general store, a completely equipped blacksmith shop, a feed mill, a harness shop and a farm implement business. About 1919 Alfred J. Olson bought the business of T. J. Walker and moved to Fort Ransom and that ended the mercantile life of Kidville. (75th Anniversary Historical Sketch of Fort Ran­ som Community, 1953.) LISBON: Situated on both banks of the Sheyenne River, at the foot of its bordering hills in Sec. 2, Island Park Twp. Named by Joseph L. Colton, his brother-in-law, George Murray and John Challey, townsite owners, for their former homes, Lisbon, N. Y. and Lisbon, 111. Colton selected land here in 1878 and built a flour mill. In Sept. 1880 he laid out the townsite and was appointed the first postmaster Jan. 23, 1880, George Murray was the first mail carrier. The Fargo & 245 South Western branch of the N. P. Ry. reached Lisbon Dee 24, 1882. Lisbon is the county seat of Ransom. (7, p. 305; 11, p. 202; 38, vol. 3, no. 11, p. 216; 80) MARSHALL: See ENGLEVALE. McLEOD: Originally named SANDOUN for its township when it was founded in 1890 on Sec. 25. The township was given its name for the many sand dunes in its area. The post office was established May 23, 1892 with Liewellyn King, postmaster, who had formerly been employed on the Soo Line Ry. settling here in 1890. The name Sandoun conflicted with Sanborn and in 1905 by petition, it was re­ named for J. J. McLeod, local realtor and one of the earliest settlers in the township. The McLeod post office was established April 26, 1905 with Erick Dovdi, postmaster. (76; 78, p. 71; 80) MILLER: A rucal post office established April 27, 1899 in the home of Ole H. Miller, postmaster; discontinued April 2, 1905 and mail sent six miles southwest to Preston. MOORE: Both the township and its post office, established in the early 1880s in the SE corner of Sec. 26 are named for W. W. Moore, a pioneer settler here, and for a long time resident of Lisbon. (11, p. 202; 48, vol. 73, no. 8, p. 9) MULLEN: A rural post office supposedly named for Mullen, Nebr. was established Feb. 6, 1882 in the home of the postmaster, Martin Svarvernd on Sec. 20, Preston Twp.; discontinued July 7, 1884 and mail sent to Fort Ransom. (80) NORMANNA: An inland village that flourished for a few years then became a ghost town. In 1903 the farmers organized a creamery association and established a creamery on the farm of Albert Jacob- son on the SW corner of Sec. 22, Fort Ransom Twp. Hogan Anderson erected and operated a general merchandise store near the creamery and Adolph Pederson opened up a blacksmith shop. The village was supposedly named for Normanna, Texas by Isaac J. Oliver, a local settler, who was a former cowboy in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. OWEGO: In 1869 the Owego Colonization Co. headed by Capt. La­ fayette Hadley settled a colony of pioneers from Owego, N. Y. on what proved to be after being surveyed, Sec. 11 of the township to which it lent its name and that of their former home. Twelve log cabins were erected in 1871 in the immediate area which was the first settlement in the county. The post office was established Sept. 1, 1871 in the home of James C. Felch, postmaster, on Sec. 11. The colony* prospered for a year or two. The male members who were old enough went away to work on the Northern Pacific Ry. An Indian 246 scare caused many families to leave. The townsite scheme was abandoned and the vacant buildings were burned by the Indians. Samuel Horton and F. A. Baguhn were two of the original settlers, who continued to live in Owego Twp. with their families. The post office was discontinued June 16, 1873; re-established in 1874 on Sec. 9, with W. F. Baguhn, postmaster. It was moved from one farm house to another for a few years then discontinued; reestablished Dec. 11, 1886 with Elizabeth Schultz, postmaster and finally discontinued April 16, 1906 and mail sent to Sheldon. (21; 38, vol. 3, no. 11, p. 211; 80) PENEQUA: A rural post office in the home of the postmaster, Thom­ as B. Zuaw, in the NE corner of See 34, Allegany Twp. established April 21, 1881; discontinued Feb. 4, 1885 and mail sent to Vivian, Sar­ gent County. Origin of the name not known. (80) PIGEON POINT: Dave Faribault, a half-breed Sioux, nephew of old Chief Faribault kept a government station on the Sheyenne Ri­ ver in 1868. Because it was out of the direct line of overland travel, he removed to a point near Owego, where he kept a station for seve­ ral years called in that day "Pigeon Point." Origin of the name not known. (5, p. 543; 19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 109) PLYMOUTH: See WISNER. PRESTON: Named for its township, which the first settlers named for their former home, Preston, Minn. The post office was estab­ lished June 14, 1895 in the general merchandise store of the postmast­ er, Charles J. O. Jacobson, who had located here in 1894, having pre­ viously been in business with E. S. Lovelace at Fort Ransom. The post office was discontinued Nov. 17, 1905 and mail sent to Fort Ran­ som. (48, vol. 73, no. 8, p. 9; 80) RUSCOE: A rural post office on the NW corner of See 6, Bale Twp. established July 31, 1881 with Lyman E. Truesdell, postmaster; dis­ continued Jan. 31, 1882 and mail sent eight miles northeast to Lis­ bon. Origin of the name not known. (80) SANDOUN: See McLEOD SCOVILL: In 1880 Charles Merritt Scovill and his wife, Olivia H. settled on the NW'/j, See 32-134-54 and erected a home at the cross­ ing of the Sheyenne River, which became known as Scovill's Ford. General Sibley's Indian Expedition halted near this crossing and es­ tablished Camp Hayes and celebrated the 4th of July, 1863. A small ash pole erected as a flag-staff then was still standing in the fall of 1883. When Big Bend Twp. was divided, the north portion was named Scovill as was its post office established Sept. 28, 1880 with Patrick Devitt, postmaster; discontinued March 16, 1906. (11, p. 202; 38, vol. 3, no. 11, p. 212; 80) 247 SHELDON: First named JENKSVILLE by the postmaster, Barna- bus D. Wilcox after his wife's maiden name Jenks. At that time the office was in Cass County. In 1881 Wilcox bought land in Sec. 17, and Sec 20, in Greene Twp., Ransom County, from the Northern Pacific Ry. and three weeks later sold it to E. E. Sheldon, who deeded one-half section of the land to the railroad company to locate a station there. A post office was established July 20, 1881 with Carl E. Rudd, post­ master. The townsite was platted in the fall of 1882; incorporated July 29, 1884. The Fargo and Southwestern branch of the N. P. Ry. reached Sheldon Nov. 4, 1888. (11, p. 202; 48, vol. 73, no. 8, p. 90; 80) SHENFORD: See ANSELM. STANDING ROCK: In the SW^, Sec. 6-136-57 is a peculiar glacial drift boulder erect on the summit of a knoll, its base buried deep in the earth and the top projecting about four feet, roughly shaped like an inverted cone; an early day land mark named Standing Rock by Gen. H. H. Sibley when his expedition encamped near it. The nar­ row mounds extending from it supposedly marks an Indian burial place, which they regard as "Waukan," mysterious or sacred place. Fragments of wagon wheels and other relics found here marked the site of Sibley's camp. A post office named Standing Rock was es­ tablished on Sec. 10 Northland Twp. about a mile southwest of the boulder, March 15, 1881 in the farm home of the postmaster, Gilbert H. Meley; discontinued July 14, 1884 and mail sent to Olesberg, Barnes County. (11, p. 202; 80) SYDNA: A rural post office named for its township was established August 4, 1882 on the SE*/4 Sec. 20 in the home of the postmaster James Lanegan, who named the township for his daughter, Sydna. Later she became the wife of John L. Tanner, long time resident of the township. The post office was discontinued Jan. 21, 1884 and mail sent to Milnor. (1, p. 548; 11, p. 59; 48, vol. 73, no. 8, p. 9; 80) VENLO: A grain elevator built in 1890 was the beginning of this village on Sec. 23, Shenford Twp. supposedly named by a Soo Line Ry. official for Venlo in The Netherlands. In 1914 A. Wisner erected and operated the first store. The post office was established Jan. 18, 1922 with Albert E. Carter, postmaster. (10, p. 791; 76; 80) WILLARD: Sec. 24, Liberty Twp. No data available. WISNER: Originally known as FOREST CITY and its post office as PLYMOUTH established Nov. 15, 1880 with Abraham Rundell, post­ master. The townsite on Sec. 11 Springer Twp. on the Sheyenne Ri­ ver was claimed by J. E. Wisner, who came from Cuba, Allegany

N 248 County, N.Y. in 1880 and settled here, built a flour mill and laid out the town of Wisner, which was short lived. His dream of a city here died when the proposed Dakota Great Southern R. R. which was to come northward through Harlem, Elliott and Plymouth failed to ma­ terialize. Today the railroad grade, which never bore rails is still visible in the vicinity of Elliott. Wisner was the inventor of the Wis- ner's Tiger Horse Rake, which reportedly netted him royalties around $50,000 a year. He was known as a land baron also. The Plymouth post office was discontinued May 4, 1905 and mail sent to Lisbon. (11, pp. 202-233; 48, vol. 73, no. 9; p. 8; 80)

RENVILLE COUNTY BARBER: A post office established March 4, 1904 with Anthony Berg, postmaster in the store which he and his brother operated near the Barber Bridge over the Mouse River, ten miles north of McKin- ney in Sec. 6, Grover Twp. The post office was discontinued July 31, 1909 and mail sent to Kenmare. Origin of name not known (51, 10/25/58; 80) BOLAKER: This rural post office on the NW% Sec. 10, Colquhoun Twp. was established Nov. 8, 1902 with Stener Svennungsen, postmast­ er, who named it for his former home in Sweden. Discontinued Jan. 24, 1906, and mail sent to Sherwood. (80) CHOLA: A Soo Line loading station for an elevator, constructed on Sec. 2, Lockwood Twp. Origin of name not known. (Robt. Ortberg, Mohall, N. D. 11/4/59) EPSON: A post office and store established by George Edson, on his farm 12 miles north of Norma. No other data found. (51, 10/25/58) GLENBURN: Established in 1901; incorporated as a village in 1904. Post office established Oct. 9, 1903 with Wilson Walter, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 16, 1908 mail sent to Renville. Residents oiiginally named it LINCOLN for Abraham Lincoln, but learned another post office in the state had a similar name, it was renamed for Glenburn, Ont., Canada. Others claim it was named for G.N.R.R. official and another version is, it was a coined word from a resident remarking "Look at Glenn (Glenn D. Colcord) burn up the road, with his bi­ cycle." (51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76)

GLENN: A post office established May 22, 1903 with Glenn Giddings, postmaster in the store, which he operated on his homestead on Sec. 21 Grassland Twp. Later he moved two miles west; then the post of­ fice was discontinued July 14, 1906 and mail sent to Mohall. (11/4/58, Robert A. Ortberg, Mohall, N. D., 80) 249 GRANO: Established in 1905 on Sec. 12, Callahan Twp.; incorporated as a village in 1911. A coined name formed from the first three letters from the surname of Charles (Gra)ce and the last two letters of the given name of La (no) Robert Ortberg, lawyer and publisher, respec­ tively of Mohall. Others claim the name was coined from the names of Gray and Reno, landowners in this area; and there are those who claim it was formed from names of A. D. Greene, a Soo Line official and Charles Lano. (10, p. 748; 51, 9/11/40; The Lansford Leader 4/25/57) GREENE: Railroad officials named this station in Sec. 30 of Grass­ land Twp. for Thomas Greene, chief civil engineer of the Soo Line R. R. at that time. The post office was established Oct. 9, 1909 with Minnie Hall, postmaster. (76; 80) HALF WAY HOUSE: A way side inn for travelers from Kenmare to the coal mines, on Sec. 30, Fairbanks Twp. The origin of the name is apparent. (10/2/58, Mrs. Henry C Hanson, Norma, N. D.) HAMMERFEST: An inland post office established Feb. 9, 1905 in the home of the postmaster, Simon Olson on the NEV4 Sec. 4 Hamlet Twp.; discontinued Jan. 15,1907. It was named by Rev. J. M. Michael- son for Hammerfest, Norway. (12/3/63, Louise Jevne, Minot, N. D.; 80) JOSLYN: A post office was established June 2, 1887 in the ranch home of the postmaster, Clyde Joslyn, co-owner of the Mouse River Horse and Cattle Ranch in Sec. 3, McKinney Twp. In Nov. 1889 the post office was moved to Sec. 1, Roosevelt Twp. then twice thereafter in 1890 and in 1902 to homes in the neighborhood until it was discon­ tinued Dec. 19, 1905 and mail sent to Tolley. (12/3/63, Louise Jevne, Minot, N. D.; 80) LEWIS: A post office established Dec. 28, 1900 with John E. Lewis, postmaster. This was four miles northeast of Norma where W. E. Shortridge operated a store and was later appointed postmaster. The post office was discontinued March 4, 1907 and mail sent to Norma. (51, 10/25/58; 80) LINCOLN: See GLENBURN. LORAINE: A post office in Hurley Twp., Sec. 9 was established in 1897 with Theo Gray as postmaster. The townsite was platted in 1907; incorporated as a village in 1913. It was named by the Northern Land & Townsite Co. officials—an unconfirmed story holds that the name was for Pierre Verendrye's Fort LaReine on the Assiniboine River in Manitoba, Canada. Verendrye, French explorer, is credited with being the first white man to set foot within the present boundaries of North Dakota. (10, p. 763; 34, p. 51; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76) 250 MARKILLIE: A rural post office established Dec. 19, 1901 in the home of William B. Markillie, the postmaster, on the NEV4 Sec. 25, Van Buren Twp. On March 7, 1905 the post office was moved to the home of Robert O. Clarke nearby, who was postmaster, until it was discontinued. (12/3/63, Louise Jevne, Minot, N. D.; 80) McKINNEY: A rural post office established in McKinney Twp., Sec. 33, Jan. 14, 1889 with Clyde W. Joslyn, postmaster, antedated the vill­ age, one mile up-river by thirteen years. Both township and postoffice were named for Otis F. McKinney pioneer rancher of the Mouse River country and co-partner of Joslyn. The townsite platted in the spring of 1902, on Sec. 13 and 14 into which the post office moved, flourished a few years, then went into eclipse. Just a cemetery remains today. The 1904 Mouse River flood and the proposed railroad by-passed it causing it to decline. The post office was discontinued Aug. 15, 1916. (10, p. 764; 51, 10/25/58; 76; 80) MOHALL: Named for Martin O. Hall (M. O. Hall), who located a homestead Oct. 26, 1901, filing on SEl/4 13-161-84 and placed a soldier's scrip on 80 acres adjoining on the west for the purpose of platting a townsite and where he operated a post office established Feb. 24, 1902. Mohall townsite was platted in 1903 when it was the terminus of the G.N.R.R. Hall was the editor of the first newspaper in Mohall. It is now the county seat. (15, Dec. 1906, p. 75; 20, p. 232; 80) NINA: A rural post office four miles west of Sherwood was estab­ lished April 3, 1903 with Owen H. Moon, postmaster, who named it for his daughter, Nina; discontinued April 15, 1905 and mail sent to Sherwood. (80) NORMA: Ambrose Olson, Soo Line R. R. townsite agent supposedly named this station in Fairbanks Twp., Sec. 33 for his sister, Norma. It is also thought it may have been named for Norma Nelson, daugh­ ter of a Kenmare merchant. The post office was established March 4, 1907 with Wm. E. Shortridge, postmaster. (51, 9/11/40; 76; 80) OVERHOLT: A rural post office was established Oct. 3, 1896 in the ranch home of the postmaster, Ole Pearson, on Sec. 34-160-85. It was named for the stage driver, Joe Overholt, by the request of the post­ master. In 1901, the post office was moved to McLean farm and from there to the Hanson and Cleven Store; discontinued in 1905, when Grano was established on the Soo Line R. R. (Louise Jevne, Minot, N. D. 12/3/63; 80) PLEASANT: This settlement in the NE corner of the county was near the bank of the Mouse River. The post office was established there in the home of James Harkness, the postmaster on Sec. 15, Staf­ ford Twp. in 1888. It was moved in 1903 to Sec. 26 and established in 251 the home of Hans O. Johnson, the postmaster. It was discontinued in 1913. The name may be descriptive of the site. (9/3/61, Louise Jevne, Minot, N. D.) QUESTAD: An inland post office on the SEV4 Sec. 30, Muskego Twp. was established Dec. 30, 1901 with Ingwald M. Questad, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1909. (80) SHERWOOD: This Great Northern Rwy. station in Sec. 12, Colqu- houn Twp. was platted in Sept. 1904; incorporated as a city in 1916. It is now a port-of-entry. The post office was established Jan. 24, 1906, with Minnie Alexander, postmaster. It was named for Sherwood H. Sleeper, former townsite owner, later a Mohall banker. He was appointed county commissioner by Gov. Burke. (15, Dec. 1906, p. 81; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 76; 80; Elmer Farlane, Bottineau, N.D.; M. Victor Johnson, Lansford TOLLEY: Platted in July 1905 on Sec. 33 of McKinney Twp., named for E. C. Tolley, townsite and colonization agent for the Soo Line R. R. in the early '90s. The post office was established Dec. 19, 1905 with Oscar N. Lundbloom, postmaster. (38, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 8; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10;) WALTER: A rural post office established Sept. 20, 1902 on the SW*4 Sec. 12, Ensign Twp. with Wilson Walter, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 9, 1903 and mail sent to Glenburn. (12/3/63 Alfred Walton, Glenburn, N. D.; 80) WHEELER: A post office established June 27, 1903 with Leslie J. McCormick, postmaster, who named it for a Mr. Wheeler from Minot, whom he employed. The post office was discontinued Sept. 27, 1904 and mail sent to Mohall. (11/4/59, Robert A. Ortberg, Mohall, N. D.; 80) WHITNEY: A rural post office established Dec. 19, 1903 on the SW%, See 4, Hamerly Twp. with John W. Abbott, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 15, 1906. Origin of name not known. (80) WINIFRED: An inland post office established June 22, 1903 on Sec. 19, Hurley Twp. with Sarah A. Thornton, postmaster; discontin­ ued Jan. 15, 1907. Origin of name not known. (80)

RICHLAND COUNTY ABERCROMBIE: This village founded in 1884 and its township were both named for Fort Abercrombie, the first military fort in our present N. D., established July 28, 1858 and abandoned Oct. 23, 1877. For origin of name see FORT ABERCROMBIE. The townsite is on the banks of the Red River in Sec. 4, a short distance to the southeast 252 of the old fort site. The post office was established July 28, 1893 with Erastus M. Hackett, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1904. (19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 124; 80) ADAMS: A bonanza farm colony in Sec. 22, Mooreton Twp., 12 miles west of Wahpeton on the Fairview Farm established in 1881. The farm embraces nine sections of land. The colony was named' for John Q. Adams, proprietor of the farm, who gave $15,000 toward es­ tablishing a state school at Wahpeton. A railroad track three miles long was built from the farm to the Northern Pacific loading station. A telephone requiring 15 miles of wire connected the farm with Wah­ peton. About 100 men were employed by W. P. Adams, manager dur­ ing the summer and over 200 head of horses were in use. (1, p. 220; 38, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 13) BARNEY: Also known as Barney Station; named for its township, which was named for A.- H. Barney, president of the Northern Pa­ cific Ry. in 1881. This loading station is on a siding in See 7 con­ structed in 1900 for the Dwight Farm & Land Co. For post office established here previous to the- station, see OBERWEIS. BARRIE: Originally known as BARRIE CROSSING; it was an over­ land station in pioneer days at a Sheyenne River crossing in this area. Anthony Nolan on Sec. 32-136-51, settled here in 1869 was the first to provide a stopping place for the overland traveler. A post office was established Sept. 20, 1878 on the NEi/j, Sec. 30-136-51 in the log cabin of the postmaster, J. T. Larkin, where mail was brought once a week from Fargo. The townsite and post office were named for his former home Barrie, Ontario, Canada, the county seat of Simcoe County. The post office was discontinued Oct. 26, 1907. (80) BARRIE CROSSING: See BARRIE and NOLAN CROSSING. BAYNE: A railroad loading station at an elevator in See 11, Bel- ford Twp., now abandoned. This was the terminus of the 13 mile spur track built through the Keystone Farm of 7,000 acres along the Wild Rice River in 1890s for shipping purposes to the mail line of the Northern Pacific Ry. Origin of the name not known. (38, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 13) BERLIN: See GREAT BEND. BERNDT: A Northern Pacific Ry. siding station in Sec. 7, Branden­ burg Twp. constructed in 1899 and first named WARNER for George Warner, an early homesteader. Its name was changed in Oct. 1915 because of confusion with another station in N. D. of the same name. Renamed for Albert and C. Berndt, from whom the right-of-way had been acquired. The railroad track to this station was taken up in 1943. (1, p. 854; 19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 130) 253 BLACKMER: A village on Sec. 21, Fairmount Twp., the homestead of John R. Blackmer, who came from Michigan in the spring of 1882 and for three years was foreman on the Fairview Farm in Mooreton Twp., before, homesteading. He added to his holdings and developed 800 acres by 1900. A post office was established Dec. 29, 1897 with Otis D. Forte, postmaster; discontinued April 22, 1905 and mail sent to Fairmount. . (1, p. 482; 19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 132; 80) CHAHINKAPA: See WAHPETON. CHRISTINE: Originally a Scandinavian settlement on Sec. 23, Eagle Twp., platted by John Bisbie, named in honor of Prima Donna Christine Nilsson, a Swedish operatic soprano of that day. The post office was established Nov. 17, 1884 with John O. Manger, postmaster. The C. M. & St. P. Ry. erected its depot here on their branch line in 1886. (19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 140; 20, p. 192; 38, vol. 12, no. 7, p. 8; 80) COLFAX: Originally named THE FOUNTAIN CITY because of its artesian wells. The first well drilled produced a flow of water that rose 17 feet above the ground. This was on land 20 miles northwest of Wahpeton entered as a tree claim of 80 acres in 1879 by Horace B. Crandell. The post office was established in his home Feb. 10, 1880. The townsite was platted in Feb. 1881 on Sec. 29 and Sec. 32, Colfax Twp. The following year through the agency of N. N. Tyner, Fargo, the son of Gen. James Tyner, Postmaster General appointed by President Grant during his first term, the name was changed to Colfax for Schuyler Colfax, vice president during Grant's first term, who owned land in this area and for whom the township was named. This was the 16th town in the U. S. named for him. The post office was moved to the Tyner addition of Colfax with A. H. Tyner, postmaster. (11, p. 210; 19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 141; 56, p. 72; 80) DANTON: Established in Sec. 34; named for its township, which was named for (DAN) Daniel Nulph. He with his son Charles A. were its first settlers in 1879. (1, p. 416) DeVILLA: A rural post office named for its township, although the spelling does vary. Originally spelled Devill then changed to DeVilla. The-township was named by Noah Davis for DeVillo Crafts, a rela­ tive of Warren Spaulding, an early homesteader who was appointed postmaster July 2, 1880. The post office was established in his home on the SEl/4 Sec. 24; discontinued June 5, 1884; reestablished Sept. 3, 1888 with Sam E. Stebbins, postmaster and discontinued July 29, 1893 and mail sent to Fairmount. (80; Early History of Fairmount by Charles R. Pinkey - 1937) DEXTER: Named for its township, which was named for Dexter Carlton, who with his sons Lowell D. and George L., were the advance 254 settlers and located farms in the north half of the township. Dexter was never a platted townsite nor did it have a post office; it was a farmers settlement which was a summer resort for hunters and sports­ men for it was near Smyth's Lake. (History of Richland County, Horace B. Crandall, 1886) DOWNING: A loading station of the N.P.R.R. established on land owned by J. F. Downing in Mooreton and Garfield Twps. DWIGHT: Named for Jeremiah Wilbur Dwight, business man of Dryden, N. Y., member of congress, organizer and president of the Dwight Farm and Land Co. incorporated under the laws of N.Y. Mr. Dwight made large investments in the bonds of the Northern Pacific railroad and when it failed in 1873 he changed his bonds for lands. He visited this area several times purchasing additional bonds which he also exchanged for land securing in all 27,000 acres of the choicest lands in Richland County, and began operation in 1880 of the New York Farm one of the largest bonanza farms in Dakota Territory. The Dwight townsite was platted that year on Sec. 29, Dwight Twp., on the Casselton branch of the Great Northern Ry., 1/o mile north of the farm headquarters. The post office was established Feb. 2, 1880 with John Miller, postmaster, who was one of the originators and first stockholders of the Dwight Farm and Land Co. and in 1882 became general superintendent; in 1888 was elected to the Territorial Coun­ cil; became the first . Dwight incorporated as a village in 1914. (21; 34, p. 569; 46, pp. 215-17, 236-37; 38, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 14; 76; 80) EAST WYNDMERE: See WYNDMERE.

ELLSWORTH STATION: A loading station on the N.P.R.R. one mile southeast of Farmington on the farm land of A. D. Ellsworth where there was a wonderful artesian well. (84, p. 565) ENLQ: The C. M. & St. P. R. R. station in Sec. 29, Eagle Twp., near which a post office named SPERRY was established Dec. 21, 1892, were both named for the first postmaster and original land owner, William Enlo Sperry. The post office name was changed to Enlo, March 12, 1913 with Peter Bolne, postmaster; discontinued May 13, 1923 and mail sent to Abercrombie. FAIRMOUNT: Earlier known as SEWALL STATION (why is not known) after the advent of the Milwaukee Ry. and still earlier as MICHIGAN SETTLEMENT for a colony of more than 40 families from Hartford, Michigan that came here in 1878 headed by E. Warren Spaulding, homesteaded and purchased land in this southeastern part of the county. In the spring of 1879 a post office was established in the home of Warren Spaulding, near the present site of Fairmount. Mail 255 was brought once a week from Wahpeton by carrier, Bert Spaulding. In June 1881, a townsite was platted on the SWV4 See 20-130-47 and named for Fairmount Park in , Pa., by Joseph C. Hen- vis, townsite owner and Noah Davis, both former residents of that city. A post office was established in the small store of S. S. Payne, who was appointed postmaster. In the fall of 1884, the Fargo South­ ern Ry. now owned by the C. M. & St. P. was completed to Fairmount and two years later, the Soo and Great Northern. (38, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 14; 76; Chas. R. Pinkey, Early History of Fairmount, 1937) FAIRVIEW JUNCTION: In 1913 a loading station was established on Sec. 9, Center Twp., where a Northern Pacific spur track joined the main line. The name is descriptive of the countryside. The land own­ er was from Fairview, Erie Co., Pa., FARMINGTON: A bonanza farm colony station on Sec. 7, Center Twp., headquarters of the Dwight Farm and Land Co. A post office was established here May 6, 1886 with G. B. Roundswell, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 30, 1909. The name is descriptive, for the sur­ rounding area is strictly a farming region. (80) FLETCHER: See MOSELLE. FLORINE: An inland post office established April 19, 1901 on the NEV4 Sec. 23-129-51 in the home and general store of the postmaster, David C. Geary; discontinued May 23, 1904 and mail sent a few miles north to Lidgerwood. Origin of name not known. (80) FORT ABERCROMBIE: The first military post located within the present area of North Dakota was established on the west bank of the Red River of the North about 30 miles south of Fargo, marked more particularly by the present village of Abercrombie. This post was authorized by Congress March 3, 1857. The fort was built by and named for Lieut. Col. John J. Abercrombie, who arrived with the Second U. S. Infantry on August 28 of the same year. The fort was protected by a long palisade and three block houses. It was occupied but one year, dismantled, the buildings sold and troops withdrawn. In 1860 the fort was rebuilt and reoccupied. It marked the head of navigation on the Red River during high water. It played an im­ portant part in protecting settlers during the Sioux uprising of 1862 and was considered the gateway to Dakota and the Northwest. From this point roads radiated west and north to the military posts built later. A post office was established Dec. 13, 1858, Ferdinand McCou- rey, postmaster. Emigrants used the easiet and best known fords a few miles south of the fort. After the Red River Valley became settled and the Northern Pacific R. R. built the post was abandoned Oct. 23, 1877, when it was considered of no further military value. (5, p. 218; 25; 31, vol. 1, p. 219; 38, vol. 1, no. 7, p. 10; 80) 256 GALCHUTT: A post office was established Jan. 3, 1891 on the SEV4 See 26, Abercrombie Twp., farm land of the postmaster Hans Gal- chutt, a pioneer settler from Norway, who had built a store, ware­ house and elevator at this Great Northern Ry. station 17 miles north­ west of Wahpeton. The post office has long since been discontinued. (76; 80) GLENORA: No data available. GREAT BEND: George Worner, who came in 1874, established a post office on his homestead in Sec. 14, Brandenburg Twp., July 8, 1875 and named it BERLIN to please his German neighbors. The fol­ lowing year he platted a townsite on adjoining sections 15 and 23, at the terminus of the Northern Pacific spur track and named it for the wide bend of the Wild Rice River bordering it. The Great Bend post office was established May 31, 1888 with Malcolm Macleod, postmast­ er. The village organized in 1908. David Lubenow, who in 1871 lived at this point on the river is credited with being the first resi­ dent here. (10, p. 748; 76; 80) GREENMANS: No data available. GRIFFIN: See MOORETON. HANKINSON: The original settlement was made on the homestead and tree claim of Richard Ii. Hankinson, a Civil War soldier, who in 1880 gained title to it after a year's residence and cultivation. He then purchased additional lands until he was the owner of 2,500 acres, mainly along the shores of a lake (Hankinson Lake) which covered 600 acres, fringed with 1.00 acres of timber, this he developed into the well known Brightwood Stock Farm. On this land in Sec. 13, 14 and 24, Brightwood Twp., he with J. R. Jones platted the Hankinson townsite in 1881. A post office named KELLY was established here Nov. 13, 1886 with H. R. Hankinson, postmaster; on Dec. 6, 1886 the post office name was changed to that of the townsite. Meanwhile Hankinson was superintendent of the Northwestern Telegraph com­ pany, later merged into the Western Union. As Asst. Supt. for sever­ al years in charge of the construction, he built the line from Moor­ head to Valley City in 1871, extending it to Bismarck in 1872. Aside from being an extensive land owner, a retail merchant, real estate dealer, state legislator for two terms, he rendered many services to the Hankinson community. Three railroads, the Soo, the Milwaukee and the Northern Pacific converged here in 1887; Hankinson incor- porated as a city in 1912. The origin of the first post office name, Kel­ ly, is not known. (1, p. 186-9; 38, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 11; 80) HOMESTEAD: Named for its township, (later Garborg), Sec. 28, which was so named to commemorate the pioneer Dakota farm. The 257 post office was established May 7, 1898 on the NWI4 Sec. 4 in the combination store and home of James Nelson, postmaster; discon­ tinued April 15, 1930 and mail sent to Wyndmere. (80) INGRAM: A station on the C. M. & St. P. Ry. in See 29, Dwight Twp., named for the Ingram Bros., Wahpeton gunsmiths, who were local land owners when the station was established. (22, 3/1/50, The Divet Story) JASPER: Named for Joseph Jasper an 1873 settler on Sec. 2, Aber­ crombie Twp. The post office was established Oct. 18, 1883 in the home Of the postmaster, Joseph B. Wilcox, who was the elevator fore­ man here; discontinued one month later Nov. 19, 1883 and mail sent to Dwight. (80) JUNKER: See MANTADOR. KELLY: See HANKINSON. KEYSTONE JUNCTION: A bonanza farm colony and loading sta­ tion established in the early 1890s at the corner junction of Sees. 10- 11-14-15 Brandenburg Twp. on the Keystone Farm of 7,000 acres along the Wild Rice River. It was named by the land owners from Pennsyl­ vania, "The Keystone State". Here there were residences, office build­ ings, machinery halls, water works system, elevators, and some 13 miles of railroad which joined the N.P.R.R. for the purpose of shipping out its products. (38, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 13) KLOEPPEL: A rural post office established in Roberts County, S. D., near the north boundary line Feb. 26, 1885 in the home of the post­ master, Peter Kloeppel; moved into Richland County, Dec. 16, 1890 with Lena Bremer, postmaster; discontinued July 20, 1892. Mail sent to Lidgerwood. (80) KONGSBERG: Named for Kongsberg, Norway, the birthplace of Hans C. N. Myhra, who established the post office Sept. 19, 1879 in Sec. 4, Dwight Twp. which was discontinued Aug. 31, 1905 and mail sent to Abercrombie. Myhra settled here in 1871, became the first county assessor in Nov. 1873. (80) LEHIGH SIDING: See LURGAN. LIDGERWOOD: Named for George I. Lidgerwood, who bought the land from Charles H. Sparks in 1885 and platted the townsite in Sec. 13 and 14, Grant Twp. in 1886. Later he became the right-of-way agent for the Soo Line. The post office was established March 2, 1887 with Jacob H. Rickert, postmaster. (10, p. 763; 76; 80) LITHIA: A station on the C. M. & St. P. Ry. in Sec. 11, Eagle Twp. on the W. T. Montgomery Farm. Named for Lithia, Mass. 258 LONE TREE: A mail or relay station in the early 70s on the military trail between Barrie Crossing and Fort Abercrombie, three and one- half miles southeast. There was open prairie here and soldiers some­ times put up hay for the stock at the fort. The lone tree was a cotton- wood and there was a grove of seven trees nearby it. When reference was made to Seven Trees it was in this same area. (19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 109) LOVDOKKEN: A short-lived rural post office established June 22, 1894 on Sec. 14, Garborg Twp., in the home of the postmaster, Ole Lovdokken; discontinued Oct. 13, 1894. (80) LURGAN: Originally this station in Sec. 8, Dwight Twp. was named by the Milwaukee Ry. officials LEHIGH for Lehigh, Pa., a coal min­ ing town — then some time later changed it to Lurgan, another town of that state. MATHEWS: A farm station in Dwight Twp. named for James H. Mathews, founder of the New York Farm, who came to Richland County from Orange County, N. Y. in 1878. MANTADOR: A colony established in 1886 on the Keystone Farm and named JUNKER for C. R. Junker, farm superintendent. When the main line of the Soo Ry. built through the farm, a station was es­ tablished in Sec. 8, Belford Twp. on the John Leirman homestead and the present name Mantador was applied by a railroad crewman and is a coined word. An early settler living near the track made a habit of coming to his door to watch the trains, giving rise to the remark, "There's the man at the door," which contracted became the town's name. The railroad divides the town into a north and south section— the latter being the newer section was built on land belonging to the Keystone Farm and is the business section of the village. A post office was established here Nov. 7, 1893 with Anton Kabela, postmaster, who built the first house in Mantador. The post office was discontinued March 19, 1940. (76; 80)

MICHIGAN SETTLEMENT: See FAIRMOUNT. MILL SIDING: A siding and loading station of the Great Northern Ry. on Sec. 5, Walcott Twp., where Rustad and Kress operated a flour mill. The ULNESS post office was established here in 1898. MOORETON: Originally named TRIEST by Mathias Butala, a Slav emigrant from Triest, Austria Hungary, who homesteaded on Sec. 6 Mooreton Twp. in 1881 and built the first home and store building in which he established a post office Oct. 23, 1882. The Northern Paci­ fic and Black Hills Ry. extended through the county that same year and established a wheat market station on Sec. 6 & 7 Mooreton Twp. 259 and named it GRIFFIN for F. T. Griffin, ass't supt. of the road. On April 21, 1884 the post office was renamed Mooreton for Hugh Moore, proprietor of the Antelope Farm of 5,000 acres, adjoining the village on the north, and from whom the right-of-way was acquired. He owned the first flour mill and erected the first elevator. (Richland County Farmer-Globe, 11/20/37, 47; 32, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 7) MORGAN: An early day post office in Barrie Twp. established in the home of the postmaster, Charles Morgan. No other data avail­ able. (The Divet Story, 22, 2/1/50) MOSELLE: A Soo Line siding station on Sec. 21, Danton Twp., orig­ inally named FLETCHER for Fletcher, Ohio by Milton L. Hilliard, postmaster, who operated the Cleveland Farm Store and Elevator in conjunction with the post office established in the store on Feb. 19, 1891. The name of the post office was changed to Moselle on Jan. 26, 1892 by Alex Springer, the postmaster for a river of that name in France and Alsace-Loraine. The post office was discontinued Nov. 16, 1906 and soon after all the buildings were removed to Wyndmere. (10, p. 773; 76; 80) MURRAY: A rural post office near Lake Traverse in Sec. 23, Elma Twp. was within the boundaries of the Wahpeton Sisseton Indian Reservation when it was established Sept. 14, 1907 with Alexander O. Johnson, postmaster, who also operated a general merchandise store in conjunction, which he established in 1901. The name of the post office was chosen at random by the Postal Dept. from a list of names sent in by the postmaster. (19, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 23; 80) NOLAN CROSSING: An overland station in pioneer days at the crossing of the Sheyenne River, on the homestead of Anthony Nolan, NW1/4 Sec. 32-136-51. The water and abundant fuel made it a natural stopping place. Before homesteading here Nolan was a member of Co. K. 9th New York Volunteer Cavalry and spent some time at Fort Abercrombie, was mail carrier and employee about frontier posts. He was preceded at the crossing by Peter Vang, whose history is almost entirely lost but who probably was one of its first caretakers. This crossing was also called BARRIE CROSSING for it was in Barrie Twp., however, Barrie Crossing was in SE Sec. 20. (19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 108) OBERWEIS: A post office at Barney Station on land owned by the Dwight Farm and Land Co. was established Feb. 23, 1882 with Peter Ehr, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 22, 1884 and mail sent to Wahpe­ ton. Named by the postmaster for his birthplace in Saxony, N. Ger­ many. (80) OSWALD: A Soo Line loading station in Sec. 20, DeVillo Twp. No other data available. 260 PITCAIRN: A Northern Pacific station in the SE corner of Sec. 9, Abercrombie Twp. No other data available. POWER: A bonanza farm station on the 'NW1/4 Sec. 33, Helendale Twp., where a post office was established May 1, 1886 with William A. Power, postmaster; discontinued June 15, 1915 and mail sent to Leonard. Named for the brother of the postmaster, James B. Power, land commissioner for the Northern Pacific Ry. in the 1870s and later for the Great Northern. When a clerk in the surveyor general's of­ fice in St. Paul he went to Fargo in 1871 to locate some scrip on the townsite and while there selected land for himself in the northwest part of Richland County. This he developed into the Helendale Stock Farm of 6,000 acres, so named for his wife Helen. He became the first president of the N.D.A.C His son J. A. Power was manager and part owner of the bonanza farm. (10, p. 780; 38, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 13; 80) RICHFIELD: A rural post office near the center of the county on the NE14 Sec. 27-135-52 established Oct. 27, 1902 in the home of Ole A. Nelson, postmaster; discontinued April 21, 1905 and mail sent to Homestead. Named by the postmaster to indicate the good farming country thereby. (80) RICHVILLE: See WAHPETON. RIPON: See SIBLEY. SEWALL STATION: See FAIRMOUNT. SEYMOUR: A post office established at Stiles Station on Sec. 14, Moran Twp. on Jan. 9, 1888 with Charles Moores, postmaster, who operated a general merchandise store in conjunction; discontinued Oct. 18, 1902 and mail sent to Hankinson. Named for Homer Seymour, who lived at that time 18 miles south of Wahpeton. (80) SIBLEY: A rural post office established May 22, 1876 on the SW1/4 Sec. 6, Walcott Twp. in the log house of the postmaster, Erick Benson, who named it for Gen. H. H. Sibley, who passed through this vicin­ ity in 1863 in pursuit of the Sioux Indians after the Minnesota mass­ acre. On Sept. 10, 1879 the post office was moved two miles north­ west into Cass County on the SEV4 Sec. 36, Davenport Twp. and named RIPON with Embrick Vangsness, postmaster; relocated May 18, 1881 at its original site with Eric Benson, postmaster; discontinued July 1883. (80) SLOTTEN: A Northern Pacific Ry. loading station and siding on Sec. 35, Dwight Twp., on the farm land of Andrew Slotten, who had bought 560 acres bordering the Wild Rice River a few miles from Wahpeton. He was a member of the N. D. Constitutional Convention 261 and the first legislature 1889-1890. In 1892 elected a railroad com­ missioner of the state. (1, p. 186; 38, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 12) SONORA: See THEED. SPERRY: See ENLO. STANDY: An inland post office established July 26, 1895 in the combination home and general merchandise store of the postmaster O. K. Standy, in the SWV4 of Sec. 30, Viking Twp.; discontinued May 15, 1905 and mail sent to Homestead. (80) STAR LAKE SPUR: A Northern Pacific Ry. siding in Sec. 5, Wynd- mere Twp. Named for the star-shaped lake nearby, STEVENSON SIDING: A Northern Pacific loading station in Sees. 9 and 10, Center Twp. Named for Eugene Moore's wife, Polly Steven­ son, who came with her parents to this section of the county in 1870. (1, p. 322) STILES: A junction station of the Soo and Great Northern railroads in Sec. 14, Moran Twp. Named for E. A. and Alfred Stiles from whom the right-of-way was acquired. The SEYMOUR post office was es­ tablished here. THEED: A post office established at SONORA STATION on the N. P. Ry. in Waldo Twp. July 2, 1891 with Nick Schultheis, postmaster, who named it for his neighbor Henry Theede, although spelled dif­ ferently. Theede was an 1886 homesteader in Sec. 30, DeVillo Twp. and was an extensive land owner. The post office was moved May 2, 1903 to the farm home of Andrew V. Engel on SEJ/4, Sec. 18, DeVillo Twp.; discontinued Sept. 7, 1906 and mail sent to Fairmount. (1, p. 454; 80) THE FOUNTAIN CITY: See COLFAX. TRIEST: See MOORETON. TYLER: Richard S. Tyler, Fargo, bought and platted this townsite on Sec. 20, Summit Twp. in 1884. He came to Fargo in 1881 and be­ came a heavy investor and dealer in business and residence property, platting an addition to the city of Fargo on the northwest known as Tylers Addition. He became the prime promoter and a large stock­ holder of the Fargo Southern Ry. now merged with the Milwaukee and acquired extensive holdings in lands and townsites along the route of the new road on which Tyler is located. A post office was established here June 29, 1884 with Joseph Siefert, postmaster. (10, p. 791; 34, p. 564; 76; 80) TYSON: A short-lived post office established on the NWi/4 Sec. 33-129-49 June 15,1892 in the home of the postmaster Samuel E. Tyson, 262 a farmer and school teacher; discontinued Nov. 18, 1892 and mail sent to Hankinson. (80) ULNESS: A post office near the Sheyenne River on Sec. 5, Walcott Twp. where the Great Northern Ry. established a station named MILL SIDING. In 1897 Elling O. Ulness and his brother Engebret owned land in Walcott and Colfax Twps. and erected and operated a general merchandise store in which a post office was established May 10, 1898 with Elling O. Ulness, postmaster—until Feb. 14, 1903 when his bro­ ther Engebret was appointed. The post office was discontinued Nov. 15, 1905 when the RFD No. 3 was established out of Kindred, Cass County. (80) VAN PELTS: No data available. A siding station on the Northern Pacific Ry. in Sec. 2, Brandenburg Twp. WAHPETON: First called RICHVILLE for the first settler and land holder, Morgan T. Rich, the original town proprietor, who came to the present site of Wahpeton in 1864. Later, when the county was or­ ganized in 1873 it was also named for him. He farmed and also estab­ lished a ferry, which he operated to transfer travelers across Bois des Sioux near its confluence with the Ottertail, until a bridge was built by subscription in 1876. Real settlement began at this location in 1869. Its post office was established Dec. 1, 1871 with Folsom Dow, postmaster. This was the first white settlement in our present state, with the exception of Pembina and served as the southern gateway to th Red River Valley for many years. The post office name was changed Oct. 13, 1873 to CHAHINKAPA, an Indian phrase which in the language of the Sisseton and Wahpeton Indians on the reservation here means "End of the Woods. The spelling and pronunciation made it unpopular and it never came into general use. Land was purchased from the Indians and the post office renamed Wahpeton July 24, 1874, taking the name of the local Indian tribe. Morgan T. Rich platted the townsite in May 1874 but the plat was not filed until Feb. 13, 1877 In 1880 the St. Paul, Mpls. and Manitoba R. R. extend­ ed from the east to Wahpeton and in 1882 a branch of the Northern Pacific, the Fergus & Black Hills R. R. was completed and the Fargo Southern in the summer of 1884 comprising the three railroads of the county centered at Wahpeton. (5, p. 530-31; 10, p. 792; 38, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 7-9; 80) WALCOTT: A Great Northern station on Sec. 35, Norway Twp. (la­ ter renamed Walcott Twp.) was founded in 1880 by Frank E. Walcott, owner of the townsite, who in partnership with H. M. Kellogg erected and operated a general merchandise store in which the post office was established Jan. 6, 1881 with Frank E. Walcott, postmaster. (11, p. 210; 56, p. 81; 80) 263 . WARNER: See BERNDT. WOODHULL: A station on the C. M. & St. P. Ry. on the SWi/4 Sec. 1 Dwight Twp. Named for Col. John W. Woodhull, from whom the right-of-way was acquired. Col. Woodhull, Civil War veteran, came in 1887 with his son-in-law B. F. Lounsbury and family and filed on land a few miles north of Wahpeton. The Woodhull post office was established June 30, 1893 with Henry E. Wieldeman, postmaster; dis­ continued Aug. 12, 1893 and mail sent to Wahpeton; re-established March 12, 1900 with James A. Dwyer, postmaster; discontinued April 30,1914. (38, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 14; 80) WOODRUFF: A loading station on a spur of the Northern Pacific Ry. on the SEi/4 Sec. 34, Mooreton Twp. named for T. S. Woodruff, a local land owner, who came to Richland County in 1879. He was of the firm Woodruff and Carter, operating the Central Elevator at Wahpeton. (11, p. 247) WYNDMERE: In 1880 a townsite was established in Dexter Twp., its plat filed Jan. 16, 1884. The townsite officials gave it an English place name, meaning a narrow, marshy lane—"wynd" a narrow lane, "mere" a pool or lake. The name was suitable and descriptive before the site was ditched and drained. A post office was established here Jan. 7,1884 with William F. Hilliard, postmaster. In 1899 a new town- site was platted one mile east of Sec. 12, Wyndmere Twp. and Sec. 7, Danton Twp. and given the name EAST WYNDMERE, a name that was used until the original Wyndmere was abandoned, when the word East was dropped. It incorporated as a village in 1902. (76; 80)

ROLETTE COUNTY ACKWORTH: A post office was established Feb. 27, 1905 with Al­ bert Hiatt, postmaster, in the store which in 1901 he opened up in Wil­ low Lake Twp. Mail was brought from Dunseith by carrier. Many settlers in this area were Norse and the name Ackworth may be rem­ iniscent. (36; 245; 80) AGATE: A post office established March 29, 1907 with Noah O. Nar- veson, postmaster in Anton Landmark's store on Sec. 1, Pleasant Val­ ley Twp., was so named because the workmen on the Soo R.R. found in the roadbed of this area many moss agates of various colors. (36, p. 243; 80) ALCIDE: This post office established June 7, 1888 in the home of the postmaster, Charles E. Cleveland and his sister, Lena, Mrs. Anton Lee, in Sec. 4, Kohlmeier Twp., was first named TWALA for a char­ acter in a book they had read and liked. On Dec. 11, 1900 the post office was moved to Sec. 6, Shell Valley Twp. and renamed Alcide N 264 with Arias Riendeau, postmaster and operator of the store in which it was established. A blacksmith shop and cheese factory operated here, and there was a brisk trade with the Indians from the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation just west of Alcide, bringing their wood, poles, hides and baskets. With the coming of the railroad and rural mail carriers, the post office was closed Sept. 30, 1909 and the store soon after. The origin of the name Alcide not known. (36, p. 244; 80) BACHELOR: It is said that the name was chosen because there were so many bachelors in the neighborhood. The post office was estab­ lished in Sec. 24, Holmes Twp., Jan. 2, 1901 with Newton J. Morris, postmaster; discontinued April 30, 1918 and mail sent to Jarves. (36, p. 244; 80) BARBY: A settlement about four miles southeast of Rolla. No other data available. (11/24/59 Roy P. Johnson, Fargo, N. D.) BELCOURT: Not officially or legally a village; this settlement is on government land on which the agency building and trading post stand and the rest of the buildings cluster about the agency proper. It was named for Father George Antoine Belcourt, pioneer missionary priest among the Indians, who established his headquarters here in 1883 when the place was called TURTLE MOUNTAIN for the locale, and was only a log house built by Francois Le Porte to accommodate travelers. The name of Turtle Mountains is credited to early govern­ ment cartographers. From certain vantage points, where the complete outline of the plateau may be seen, the elevation is strikingly remin­ iscent of a turtle's back. Within a short distance from La Porte's Inn, Father Belcourt inaugurated St. Mary's Academy for the Indian chil­ dren and the U. S. government established the Indian Agency. The place was re-named Belcourt when the post office was established Feb. 11, 1888 with Adolph LeBrun, postmaster. (5, p. 152; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 36, pp. 189-246; 80) BENOIT: A post office established Dec. 2, 1886 in the home of the postmaster, John A. Benoit, an early settler and trader in the Turtle Mountains area and later operated a general merchandise store in Rolla. The post office was discontinued Jan. 17, 1889 and mail sent to Island Lake. (36, p. 245; 80) BERDELLA: The name of this post office was selected by the post­ master from a long list of girls' names in the community. The post of­ fice was established in Sec. 28 Holmes Twp., June 2, 1909 with Theo­ dore M. Brekke, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 15, 1916 and mail sent to Bachelor. (36, p. 245; 80) BERTHA: A post office in Hillside Twp., established July 6, 1903 and named for Bertha Rigstad, its first and only postmaster. It was 265 closed March 15, 1914 after rural routes were established and mail sent to Dunseith. (36, p. 245; 80) BIRCHWOOD: Named for the surrounding trees, where the post office was established Sept. 7, 1910 near Lake Upsilon in Hutchinson Twp., with John Jay, postmaster; discontinued after a few years. (36, p. 245; 80) BOLLINGER: A post office established Feb. 2, 1888 on the home­ stead of the first postmaster Charles A. Bollinger, Sec. 31, Pleasant Valley Twp. A store and blacksmith shop were operated in connec­ tion with it. Mail came by carrier from York. The post office was discontinued Jan. 17, 1891 and mail sent to Island Lake when the rail­ road had reached Churchs Ferry. (36, p. 243; 80) BOUNDARY: Named for its location near an iron boundary post No. 727 of the international boundary between Canada and the U. S. on the Sy2 Sec. 28-164-69. The post office was established March 8, 1903 with Frank I/aberge, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 31, 1909. (80) BOYDTON: Named for David C. Boyd, who, with his brother, Sam­ uel, came from Utica, N. Y., in 1882 and filed on land in Sec. 7, Mount Pleasant Twp., and opened up a store here in which a post office was established Jan. 25, 1886 with David as postmaster. Rolla, a railroad townsite, one mile south, was founded two years later and the post office was discontinued Sept. 9, 1888. The store was moved to Rolla in 1893. (36, p. 92; 50, p. 103; 76; 80) CALMAR: A store opened up on the NW}4 Sec. 22, Finnegan Twp., in 1900 by L. Falardeau and Napoleon LaRosee, in which a post office was established July 22, 1902 with Aaron G. Falardeau, postmaster. The name was drawn from choices submitted. The winner in this lottery was Mrs. Tony Huber, a former resident of Calmar, Iowa. Both store and post office discontinued April 15, 1907; mail was sent to Rolette. (36, p. 239; 80) CARPENTER: In 1901 Anton T. Julseth opened up a general mer­ chandise store on Sec. 24, Holmes Twp., in which a post office was established April 9, 1903 and Julseth was appointed postmaster. It was named for the lake nearby. The lake was named for Henry Scharpenter (French for Carpenter), a prominent 1878 settler by Park River, near a French church, who in 1888 lost his life in a lake nearby, which became known as Carpenter Lake. The post office was dis­ continued July 1, 1938 and mail sent to St. John. (36, p. 245; 37, p. 165; 80) DAVIDSON: In 1883 a settlement of ranchers began on the shores of Hurrican Lake, in the extreme southeastern part of the county. Named for William S. Davidson, Williston banker, a former home­ steader near Russell in Bottineau County. (6, p. 601) 266 DENVER: A post office was established Jan. 23, 1901 with William C. Tabor, postmaster in the store operated by W. J. Hackworth on Sec. 25, South Valley Twp. Mail was brought from Barton through to Dun- seith three times a week until the railroad reached Thorne. The post office was closed June 30, 1908 and mail sent to Barton. Origin of name not known. (36, p. 240; 80) DION LAKE: The post office and lake nearby were both named for Pascal and Joseph Dion, who filed on land in Sec. 29-32, Baxter Twp. in 1885. The post office was established Oct. 23, 1906 with John Hath­ away, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 15, 1910 and mail sent to Carpen­ ter. (36, p. 89; 80) DUNSEITH: This is a port-of-entry now. Giles M. Gilbert was the first to build a log structure on this site.; he with L. M. Welton, E. G. Oakes and others from Dayton, Ohio in 1882 squatted on the level land at the edge of the Turtle Mountains near the southern entrance to these hills. In a short while they formed the Turtle Mountain Coal and Land Co., and platted a townsite — LITTLE CHICAGO OF THE WEST which failed. William Dunseath Eaton, the first white settler here was instrumental in opening the Indian reservation, which made available the coal lands of that region and a townsite was founded around his log cabin and named by him for his mother, Jeanette Dun­ seath, although spelled differently. Another record claims it was named to honor this first white settler and also the city of Dunseith, Scotland. Its post office was established March 31, 1884 with Giles M. Gilbert, postmaster. The nearest one then was 100 miles away at Devils Lake. Dunseith was designated the county seat that year also. (36, pp. 27, 235; 80; 81) EAGLE: A rural post office established Aug. 20, 1883 with George P. Hawkins, postmaster. Supposedly named for the North Dakota Eagle, a weekly newspaper, published at Willow City. Discontinued long since. (80) ELIZA: A post office near Dead Ox Creek in Sec. 9, Rice Twp. es­ tablished May 6, 1898 with John Thorson, postmaster, who named it in honor of his wife Elizabeth. The mail was brought by carrier from Leeds. The post office was discontinued Nov. 30, 1905 and mail sent to Rolette. By this time the Soo R.R. had reached Mylo. (36, p. 243; 80) FISHER: On Sept. 7, 1898 a post office was established in the store of the first postmaster, John Fisher, on Sec. 27 of Wolf Creek Twp. Mail came by carrier from York. Pete Henkes operated the black­ smith shop near the store. The post office was discontinued May 31, 1907 and mail sent to Rolette. (36, p. 242; 80) FONDA: This Soo Line townsite was established in 1905, mostly for grain elevator purposes. It was platted on Sec. 24, Kohlmeier 267 Twp. A store was soon erected and operated by partners, Florentine and Goemette in which the post office was established June 7, 1907 with Edmond Florentine, postmaster. Named by Jay Edwards, an early resident for his former home, Fonda, Iowa. Fonda was only a flag stop until the depot was erected in 1914. (36, p. 242; 76; 80) GALLOWAY: A post office established Sept. 11, 1902 with George F. Galloway, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 1, 1905 (80) GRONNA: Platted in 1888 on Sec. 12, Oxford Twp., when the rail­ road was extended from Churchs Ferry. It was named for A. J. Gron- na, who came to Dakota Territory in 1879, was a member of the Ter­ ritorial Legislature of 1889 and elected to the U. S. Senate in 1911. The main purpose of establishing this townsite was for elevator pur­ poses, although a few lots were sold and business enterprises started and a post office was established Dec. 1, 1908 with John D. Crosby, postmaster, the place did not prosper. The post office was discontin­ ued July 31, 1913 when the mail routes from Rolla were established and soon after the store closed. (5, p. 433; 36, p. 239; 80) HANSON: This post office in Rice Twp., was named for Carl Han­ son, the postmaster in whose home it was established. Hanson came from Otter Tail County, Minn., in Oct. 1887 with his son and daugh­ ter, Alma, in a covered wagon and homesteaded here. (63, p. 164) HELLIUM: A short-lived rural post office established May 24, 1922 with Eugene A. DeMers, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 30, 1923 and mail sent to Saint John. Origin of name not known. (80) HILLSIDE: This inland trading post was given the desci'iptive name of its township which was organized in 1893. The store was estab­ lished in 1903 by S. C. Pigeon in Sec. 25 and it was of great value to the Indian population nearby, where furs, wood, berries and other products were traded for merchandise. Pigeon also had a large herd of cattle and entered into extensive farming in this vicinity. (36, p. 185) HUTCHINSONVILLE: Named for Alexander Hutchinson, who homesteaded this site in 1881 near Saint John and the following year established a sawmill; meanwhile his wife operated a boarding house nearby. The place never developed into a townsite. One of the five Rolette County townships that border on Canada was also named for Alexander Hutchinson. (36, pp. 74, 90) INA: See UMBRIA. INTERNATIONAL PEACE GARDSN: A Memorial Peace Garden to commemorate the long established peace between the United States and Canada. It comprises 888 acres of land in Rolette County and 1,312 acres in the Turtle Mountain Forest Reserve of Manitoba. This site 13 miles north of Dunseith is midway between the Atlantic and Paci- 268 fie Oceans and near the geographic center of the North American Continent. It was selected in December, 1931. A cairn, built of na­ tive granite stones from each country on which is a bronze plate, that bears a pledge of peace, which was dedicated Sept. 9, 1950 by the Gov­ ernor of North Dakota, Fred G. Aandahl. On each side of the boun­ dary is a formal garden symbolizing the mutual good will that exists between the two nations. (36, p. 247; AAA Tour Book 1956-57 edition) ISLAND LAKE: When the first settlers came into this township in 1883, a large island covered with trees centered the middle of the lake here; thus the name Island Lake was given the township and the same to the post office established Jan. 14, 1885 in the NEVi Sec. 10 with Charles or "Dugout" Beaver, (as the early settlers called him) postmaster. Mail came by carrier from Devils Lake. The post of­ fice was discontinued Oct. 15, 1907 and mail sent to Mylo. (36, p. 243; 80) JARVES: A post office established Feb. 2, 1905 with Dan Danielson, postmaster, was named for Jarves Lake nearby. The lake had been named for Fred Jarves, who had squatted on land bordering the west shore-line. He had worked with the surveyors in 1897 when the four mountain townships were divided into sections. The post office was discontinued Nov. 30, 1921 and mail sent to Carpenter. (36, pp. 84, 245; 80) JUNO: This post office was named (but spelled like it was pro­ nounced) for Jeaneau, a Frenchman, who lived on the east side of Butte St. Paul in the 1880s. He was looked upon as a doctor by the Indians and married to a woman of mixed blood. The post office was established March 19, 1904 on the El/2 Sec. 12-172-74 with John Halls, postmaster; discontinued March 15, 1914 and mail sent to Dunseith. (36 p. 245; 80) KELVIN: In 1888 a store was established in Willow Lake Twp. Sec. 24 by James S. Leyde, who sold the store to Albert Hurst, an English­ man, and he established a post office in the store Jan. 7, 1901 with Leyde, postmaster. Hurst named it for the British physicist, Baron William Thompson Kelvin. (36, p. 245; 76; 80) KRINGEN: On July 29, 1899 a post office was established in the home of Rev. C. D. Eikenes in Sec. 19, Kohlmeier Twp. with Marie Eikenes, postmaster. It was named by them for a place in Norway. The mail came by carrier from Willow City in Bottineau County. The post office was discontinued Aug. 13, 1904 and mail sent to Twala. (36, p. 244; 80) LAKE: A short-lived post office by Willow Lake was established May 26, 1902 with Charles Paulson, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 6, 1903 and mail sent to Kelvin. (80) 269 LAUREAT: This post office was established March 25, 1887, with Euclyde Lamoureaux, postmaster in a store with a blacksmith shop connected operated by Joseph Plante in Sec. 3, Shell Valley Twp. It was named for the son of F. Martineau, early St. John merchant. The son was named for Laureat, Quebec, his mother's former home. Trade with the Indians was carried on in this village in exchange for cord- wood, furs, poles, bark from wild cranberry bushes for medicine, etc. The post office was discontinued Aug 31, 1913 and mail sent to Rolla, but at this date the store still operates. (36, p. 238; 80) LITTLE CHICAGO OF THE WEST: See DUNSEITH. MARS: On June 21, 1898 a post office was established with August DeMers, postmaster in the store which he operated with a blacksmith shop in connection. The location was in the NE!/4 Sec. 6, Union Twp. The post office name was the simplified one for DeMers. A brisk trade was carried on with the Turtle Mountain Indians. They brought wood, poles, furs and the willow baskets, which they made, to trade for store merchandise. With the coming of the railroads the post of­ fice was closed March 31, 1909. The store still stands alone and un­ used, except as a granary. (36, p. 265; 80) McCUMBER: Platted on Sec. 20, Leonard Twp., by the G.N.R.R. townsite officials and named for Porter J. McCumber, U. S. Senator. The post office was established Sept. 20, 1905 with Tyler O. Rams- land, postmaster. That same year the town of Rolette was platted on the John Christenson land by the Soo Line about a mile northwest at the crossroads of the two railroads. I. O. Flaten opened up a general merchandise store and the village of McCumber prospered for a short while and was incorporated in 1906 with a population of 350; but by 1907 it declined, the schoolhouse and practically all the business en­ terprises moved to Rolette; the railroads consolidated. The post of­ fice was discontinued Dec. 9, 1907. (36, pp. 21, 146, 243; 80) McFADDEN: A point on the stage road between Rolette and David­ son, where the road branched to Saint John. This stage station oper­ ated by John McFadden on the SW1/4 Sec. 13 in Island Lake Twp., was on the shore of a lake, a mile in diameter with two heavily wooded islands. MONTAIR: See SAN HAVEN. MYLO: Located in the SE corner of Ellsworth Twp. By one account the town was named for Father John F. Malo, first resident priest of the county, but is spelled as the name is pronounced. By another ac­ count, that of Christ A. Menge, the first resident of the townsite, the town was named for an official of the Soo Line R. R., purchasers of the townsite — part of it unplowed land — from Melvin A. Small. The 270 first lots were sold at auction July 11, 1905 by C. A. Campbell for the railroad townsite company which platted the site. Christ Menge took up residence here four days before the lot sale, and took charge of the three lumber yards already staked out and stocked with lumber hauled by team from Bisbee. The Soo Line track laying was com­ pleted on Nov. 18 of that year, with ceremonious driving of the last spike by a railroad official where east and west track-laying crews met, about two miles west of Mylo. Jens Johnson opened up the first store in which the post office was established Oct. 18,1905 with Thomas H. Blose, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1907. (21; 36, pp. 141, 237; 76; 80) NANSON: A G.N.R.R. station established on Sec. 23, Rice Twp. land formerly owned by Olaf Nordland was first named SELDEN, for John Selden, English statesman. Because of the similarity to another place name in the state, it was renamed Nanson, for Dr. Fridtjof Nan- son, the Norwegian explorer and naturalist. The post office was es­ tablished Dec. 11, 1905 with Olaf H. Johnson, postmaster. Nanson was a thriving little city until 1925, but not much remains now. (10, p. 774; 36, p. 242; 76; 80) OPEN: Ole Oden opened a post office in his log shack in Sec. 35, Holmes Twp., about 1895, which operated but a short time and was discontinued. (36, p. 245) PENNYHILL: In the late 1890s, Beric Cote filed on land in Sec. 14, South Valley Twp., built a cabin here in which the post office was established Nov. 14, 1900 with Dugald McKellar, postmaster. Cote operated the blacksmith shop nearby. The post office was named for the long range of bordering hills extending eastward into Pierce Coun­ ty. They are very barren and void of trees, supposedly named by Father Campeau of Willow City, who made a trip through them in pioneer days during a hot, dry summer. He remarked to his com­ panion, "I can't see how anyone could make a penny in those hills — Pennyhills, that should be a good name for them." (36, p. 240; 80) QUAY: A short-lived rural post office established April 21, 1890 with Ole W. Martin, postmaster; discontinued April 29, 1892 and mail sent to Rolla. Origin of name not known. (80) ROLETTE: WILLOW CREEK was the name of the post office here by the stream of the same name, near the west line of the county be­ fore the village came into existence, was named, like the county, for Joseph Rolette, who was well known as a fur trader, legislator, com­ missioner, postmaster, customs official and frontiersman. He was born at Prairie du Chien, Wis., on Oct. 23, 1820, entered the employ of the American Fur Co., at Pembina in 1840, established a Red River cart route from here to St. Paul, and died in Pembina, May 16, 1871. 271 The townsite of Rolette at the crossroads of the Soo and G. N. rail­ roads was platted in August, 1905 and the post office established with Albert L. Hurst as postmaster, July 10, the same year. Incorporated as a village in 1930. (10, p. 783; 11, p. 208; 36, pp. 13, 143, 150, 231; 58) ROLLA: Platted in Sept. 1888 on part of Edward Owen's homestead, Wl/2NW~Vi Sec. 16 and El/2NEVi Sec. 17, Mount Pleasant Twp., while the G.N.R.R. was in construction. It was designated as the county seat in 1890; incorporated as a village April 21, 1891; as a city in 1907. There are three versions as to the origin of the name. It was coined from the contraction of the county name, credited to Dr. Richard D. Cowan, local pioneer physician; named for Rolla, Missouri, by early settlers from there; named by Arthur Noyes, G.N.R.R. attorney, who suggested his brother's name, Rolla. (7, p. 236; 10, 783; 36, p. 92; 76) SAINT CLAUDE MISSION: The first white settlement in Rolette County, this colony grew up about a school and church inaugurated in May, 1882 by Father John Malo, a missionary priest from Mani­ toba, who conducted the school until 1884. By a gradual migration of about two miles, it merged with Saint John. Origin of name not known. There v/as a missionary priest stationed at Fort Totten in early days named Claude. It may be named for him. (17, p. 62; 36, pp. 74, 194) SAINT JOHN: One of the oldest trading points in the state, its busi­ ness life dates back to 1843; in 1883 it became a white settlement with a Catholic school and church headed by Father John Malo, a French missionary to the Indians. It was named by F. H. A. Bourassa, an early settler from Saint John, near Montreal, Canada, where he had known Father Malo. This village is on Arthur Foussard's claim in Baxter Twp., four miles south of the Canadian line in the northeast corner of the county. One of the early customs stations was located here in August 1882 with E. McCullum, collector and is now a port of entry from Canada. The post office was established Aug. 7, 1882 with William Brunelle, postmaster. Mail came by carrier from Churchs Ferry until 1889 when the G.N.R.R. was completed. Saint John incorporated as a village in 1903. (5, p. 537; 11, p. 208; 36, pp. 74, 244; 76; 80) SAN HAVEN: First named MONTAIR when the post office was established Dec. 1, 1922 with the Superintendent of the Sanitarium, Dr. John G. Lamont, postmaster, but soon renamed San Haven Jan. 24, 1923. Mail service came from Dunseith. The State Tuberculosis Sanitarium founded here in 1909 on a 2,500-acre game reserve on the southern slope of the Turtle Mountains overlooking a vast expanse of .prairie is a haven for patients who resort here to be restored to health (Latin - sanitas) (20, p. 229; 36, pp. 244-246; 80) 272 SELDON: See NANSON. SODHOUSE: A post office in Ingebretspn Twp. established May 29, 1891 in the homestead sodhouse of the postmaster, Ingebret Ingebret- son, who came from Minnesota with other settlers in 1887 and filed on land. He served as county commissioner at the time Ingebretson Township was named for him at the suggestion of James Brown, County Auditor. The Sodhouse post office was discontinued May 19, 1894 and mail sent to Island Lake. (36, p. 163; 80) SPANGLER: A post office a few miles SE of Lake Upsilon estab­ lished June 15, 1901 in Hutchinson Twp., with Virginia Spangler, the first and only postmaster; discontinued Aug. 15, 1906 and mail sent to Carpenter. (36, p. 265; 80) SYLVAN GLEN: A descriptive name given this summer resort area near a small lake in the NEi/4 Sec. 13, Gilbert Twp., about three miles north of Dunseith, by Dr. C. M. Wagner, who platted the area into 54 lots foi'ming a semi-circle around the lake. Plat was filed July 25, 1906 and many of the lots were vacated, titles returned and the 25, 1906 and many of the lots were soon sold. Although Sylvan Glen was a popular resort for a few years, by 1917 the venture failed, lots were vacated, titles returned and the entire section reverted back to meadow and farm land. (36, pp. 7, 41) THORNE: Named for Samuel Thorne of New York City, long as­ sociated with J. J. Hill, as financier in the G.N.R.R. Co. The town- site was owned by Burfield & Gailbraith; platted in 1905 with the coming of the G.N.R.R.; incorporated as a village in 1907. The post office was established Aug. 29, 1905 with Homer E. Smith, postmast­ er. (10, p. 790; 36, pp. 183, 238; 76; 80) TURTLE MOUNTAIN: See BELCOURT. TWALA: See ALCIDE. UMBRIA: Originally named INA for the daughter of August Cooper, a pioneer settler of the locality. This wheat loading station on the Soo Line was established in 1905 about half way between Ro­ lette and Mylo in Sec. 28, Union Twp. A post office was established here Dec. 31, 1909 with Jens A. Berg, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 30, 1910. Sometime later the station was renamed Umbria; the ori- gin of the name not known. Two grain elevators and two homes were erected here; only a pump marks the station today. (36, p. 140; 80) VIRDEN: A short-lived rural post office established June 26, 1900 with Ellas Gingerich, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 3, 1901 and mail sent to Perth in Towner County. Origin of name not known. (80) WILLOW CREEK: See ROLETTE. 273 WILLOW LAKE: The post office and its township, are named for the lake, which is the source of the Willow River, with a shore line of nearly 12 miles edged with willows near which Simon Johnson opened a store in 1905 and established a post office in it, which served the community until 1918. (36, p. 245) WOLF CREEK: A post office maintained for about five years, in store of John Fisher on Sec. 27, Wolf Creek Twp., until in 1905 the Soo Line R.R. reached here., Both the post office and township were named for the creek thereby, which was namd by the few early sett­ lers in 1898 because of the large number of wolves along its banks and in the territory. The howling of these destructive animals at night terrified them. The mail came from York, and the post office was neighbored by a blacksmith shop. (36, pp. 167, 241)

SARGENT COUNTY ALDEN: A rural post office in Ransom Twp., supposedly named for Alden, Minn., by local settlers was established July 2, 1901 with Lars M. Hansen, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 14, 1904, then re­ established and operated until April 15, 1912, when it was discon­ tinued and mail sent to Ransom City. (80) ALICIA: See GENESEO. BABCOCK: See VERNER. BELLE PLAINE: A loading station on the Great Northern Ry. branch in Sec. 25, Forman Twp. supposedly named by settlers from Belle Plaine, Minn., area. BLACKSTONE: See SARGENT. ^ ^TSRAMPTON: Named for its township which was named by Charles A. Finch from Brampton, Ontario, Canada, who homesteaded the SEi/4 Sec. 12 and was appointed postmaster of the post office estab­ lished there Feb. 7, 1884; discontinued Jan. 14, 1885. It was not long before it was reestablished with Thos. E. Reggin, postmaster; dis­ continued Aug. 27, 1891 and mail sent to Newark, Marmost County, S. D. It was again reestablished at the Brampton railroad station Sept. 1, 1904 with Giles Sink, postmaster. The Brampton townsite was originally owned and platted in 1882 by Charles H. Cooper, who farmed and taught school here. In August 1958, the C. M. & St. P. Ry. removed its loading platform from this station. (6, p. 600; 12, 9/4/58; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BROOKLAND: Named by Andrew Brooks, who in 1888 homestead­ ed this land in the SWi/4 Sec. 30, Forman Twp. where on a spur track, 274 this G.N. Ry. station was established. Jacob Noteman was appointed postmaster of the post office established here Feb. 28, 1901; discon­ tinued Feb. 28, 1901 and mail sent to Cogswell. (80) CAMP BUELL: On the south shore of Storm Lake on the present site of Milnor, the members of Sibley's expedition established camp July 3, 1863. It was named for Salmon E. Buell of the First Minn. Mounted Rangers. He took an active part in the Battle of Big Mound July 24, 1863 when his battalion cleared the hills of Indians and pushed them two miles toward their camp. (19, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 37; 78, p. 73) CAMP PARKER: A Sibley Expedition campsite July 2 and 3, 1863 on a meadow at the east end of Skunk Lake, SW1/I, Sec. 32-129-53 was named for Major John H. Parker of the First Minn. Mounted Rangers, who mustered in Nov. 25, 1862. (19, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 36 &no. 4, p. 8; 78; 73) CAYUGA: In 1886 Great Northern Ry. surveyors located this station on land homesteaded by New York settlers who named it SENECA for their former home county, which was named for the native In­ dian tribe there. Another post office, however, in Dakota had earlier been given this name, so they renamed it Cayuga. Both the Seneca and Cayuga Indian tribes are of the Iriquois Confederation and native to the Hudson River region in New York. Cayuga incorporated as a village in 1909, the post office was established Oct. 13, 1887 with Albert E. Maloy, postmaster. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) COGSWELL: The depot from Towanda was moved here. Settle­ ment began in 1889 at this junction of the Milwaukee and Soo Ry. branches. It was named for a Soo Line official; platted in 1890; incorporated as a village in 1905. The post office was established Aug. 27, 1890 with Wm. L. Straub, postmaster. The older inland villages in the immediate area, Harlem, Sargent and Blackstone, moved to this new railroad townsite soon after it was founded. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 78, p. 36; 80) CRETE: This Northern Pacific Ry. station founded in 1900 was originally named ELIZABETH (why; it is not known) by railroad officials, then renamed Crete, the nickname of John M. Steele's daughter Lucretia. This was in accordance with their bargain for the right-of-way across his land, in Sec. 33 Denver Twp. The post office was established Feb. 20, 1901 with Charles Grey, postmaster. (10, p. 736; 76; 80) DeLAMERE: This N. P. Ry. station was founded in 1882 on Sec. 9, Hall Twp. and named by its townsite officials for Thomas DeLamere, Brainerd, Minn., a pioneer train dispatcher when the Northern Pa- 275 cific was extending westward. The post office was established May 28, 1886 with John E. A. Rustad, postmaster (10, p. 736; 76; 80) DUNBAR: Named for Clarence S. Dunbar, who came to Dakota in 1382 and took land under his pre-emption and tree claim rights south of Lisbon. The townsite owned by A. H. Laughlin and Dun­ bar was platted in June 1883 on Sec. 18-131-55 by George Dewey, first cousin of Admiral George Dev/ey of Spanish-American War fame. The post office was established Aug. 20, 1883 v/ith Willis W. Bradley, postmaster. Another version as to the origin of the name — C. P. Chesney, a local pioneer, who petitioned for the post office named it for his aunt. Another account is — Philander N. Brown, an early settler in the area named it for his wife's relatives. (11, p. 203; 80; Milnor 75th Ann. Book, June 1958; Sargent County Teller 6/5/58) ELIZABETH: See CRETE. .END OF THE TRACK: See LINTON. FORMAN: Named for Col. Cornelius H. Forman, an April 1883 settler from Michigan. The village was platted on his homestead in August of that year. The township and the school district also bear his name. The post office was established Oct. 18, 1883 with William H. Groff, postmaster. It was mainly through Col. Forman's efforts after three years of controversy, that the town which is in the exact geographical center of the county, NEV4 Sec. 1-130-56, was designated in 1886 the county seat, as preferable to Milnor. Forman organized as a village in 1889. (6, p. 469; 11, p. 203; 80) FORSBY: About 1882, John Ek erected and operated the first store in White Stone Twp. on his homestead. A post office was established in this store, June 21, 1890 with John Ek, postmaster. He named it for Forsby, Sweden, his homeland village and that of several local settlers. The post office and the inland store were discontinued Sept. 13, 1901 and mail sent to Gwinner which was newly founded on the railroad. (78, p. 65; 80) GENESEO: When, the Great Northern Ry. reached this point in Sec. 13 Kingston Twp. in 1886, their townsite officials selected it for a station and named it GOETZ for one of the employees, but soon renamed it Geneseo for Geneseo, N. Y., the former home of local settlers. A post office was established here Oct. 13, 1887 with John Fink, postmaster. The Soo Line Ry. parallel to the Great Northern, established a station one-half mile north of Geneseo; named ALICIA by a railroad surveyor from New York for his sweetheart, where a post office was established Feb. 1, 1898 with James Fitzgerald,-post- master; discontinued May 24, 1899 and mail sent to Geneseo. In 1904 276 J. D. Hazlett, a real estate dealer purchased a tract of land between these two railroad stations, platted a townsite and named it VEDA for his daughter. Because of the confusion resulting from the usage of three names and the nearness of each of the stations to the others, the three towns merged into one, on Sec. 13 and 14, Kingston Twp. adopting the name Geneseo for its name. (76; 80) GOETZ: See GENESEO. GRABALL: See LINTON. GWINNER: Settlement began at this Northern Pacific Ry. station on Sec. 23, Whitestone Twp. organized as a village in 1900. The rail­ road townsite officials named it for Arthur von Gwinner, a stock­ holder of the railroad and president of the Deutsche Bank of Berlin, Germany, which was largely interested in the Northern Pacific Ry. Co. finances at the time. The post office was established May 15, 1901 in the store which Albert N. Carlson operated. His wife Jose­ phine A. was the appointed postmaster. (1, p. 748; 76; 80) HAMLIN: An inland village bordering the Wild Rice River on the SEl/4 Sec. 11-131-53 was known as POSTVILLE for it was on land owned by Ezra Post, the first white settler in the county, having come with his family in June 1879. Postville was a half-way station or stopping place for the overland traveler, with a store and blacksmith shop. A post office named HERMAN was established April 18, 1880 in the store operated by John Herman and the appointed postmaster, Ezra Post. John Herman, a Civil War veteran, known as "Honest John" became one of the first county commissioners. Mail came 40 miles by carrier from Wahpeton. County lines changed and town­ ships organized and on March 4, 1883, the post office name was changed to HAMLIN for its newly named township with John Her- man, postmaster. The township was named by settlers from Hamlin Twp. Eaton County, Mich. After the town of Milnor on the North­ ern Pacific Ry. was founded, mail came from there. (78, p. 38; 80) HAMPLE: A rural post office established Feb. 9, 1897 in the home of postmaster, Hannah S. E. (Mrs. Gus) Hample on Sec. 30. Verner Twp. (later named Hample Twp.); discontinued July 14, 1905 and and mail sent to Oakes, Dickey County. (80) HARLEM: Founded in 1885; named for its township, which was named for Harlem, N. Y.; incorporated as a village in 1888. The post office was established March 8, 1887 with Frank E. Kindall, post­ master; discontinued April 30, 1912. Harlem was once a thriving town, it being the branch terminus of the C. M. & St. P. Ry., however, it declined after 1900 when the Northern Pacific built a branch line from Mihior to Oakes. In the fall of 1923, the rails were removed 277 from Harlem to Cogswell leaving Harlem inland and it was now all but vanished. (78, pp. 59-60; 80) HAVANA: Originally named WEBER for its township which was named for Henry Weber, Sr., a pioneer settler of 1883. When the Great Northern Ry. reached here in 1886, the name was changed because the name Weber was similar to that of another station. It was named for Havana, 111., the home of a former railroad official. Another ac­ count •—• Lewis Jones, a real estate dealer interested in Cuban lands, platted the townsite on part of his tree claim, Sec. 30 and 31, Weber Twp., erected and operated the first general merchandise store in which the post office was established Aug. 25, 1887. He was the ap­ pointed postmaster, which he continued to be for eight years. Ha­ vana incorporated as a village in 1904. (6, p. 587; 76; 78, p. 51; 80) HERMAN: See HAMLIN. HOVING: A Northern Pacific station on the NWl/4 Sec. 5, Willey Twp., named for John Hoving, the roadmaster at the time. This sta­ tion was the terminus during construction of the road westward. A small settlement developed, but declined after the one store closed in 1922, only the two elevators remain.

KANDIOTA: A small settlement on the SWV4, Sec. 20, Highland Twp. bordering Lake Kandiota, where a post office in connection with a store was established July 2, 1883 with Anna L. Campfield, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 16, 1887 and mail sent to Milnor. Mail was supplied by carrier from Hamlin. The lake was named by the Indians, their word for buffalo fish, which were plentiful there. The lake was commonly known as Buffalo Lake. The men in Sibley's Expedition called it Fish Lake, when they rested and watered there in July 1862 before going on to Camp Buell near Storm Lake. (10, p. 758; 11; 19, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 36; 78; 48; 80) KLEPOL: In 1883 an inland post office of short duration was estab­ lished in the farm home of the postmaster, Randolph Holding in the southeast corner of Highland Twp. Mail was brought from Milnor by carrier, Bert Holding, a lad of 15. Origin of the post office name is not known. (1, p. 472; 78; 80) LEWIS: A rural post office established during the year of 1894 in the home of the postmaster, T. S. Lewis, who was one of the first county commissioners; discontinued in 1900.

LINTON: In the fall of 1882 this site SWy4, Sec. 1-132-54 was the terminus of the Northern Pacific branch line which was being con­ structed from Wahpeton •— known as the Fergus Falls and Black Hills division. In April 1883, Severt A. Olson, owner of the land founded a townsite and it was called END OF THE TRACK; then 278 soon renamed GRABALL, (origin of the name not known) and fi­ nally Linton for Nathan Linton, the pioneer merchant of the village. The railroad company was unable to obtain at their price more town- site land adjoining the right-of-way, so established a townsite three miles to the southwest and named it Milnor. By August 1883 Lin­ ton became a ghost town for all of the buildings were moved to the newly established town of Milnor on See 9-132-54. (78, pp. 9-10) MANNING: A short lived rural post office in the southeast corner of the county established Dec. 14, 1895 in the home of Thomas Man­ ning with Miss Thressia Manning, postmaster; discontinued July 28, 1896 and mail sent to Geneseo. (80) MILLSBURG: Named for its township, (Millsburgh) although the spelling is different; both were named for H. B. and Simeon Mills, early settlers here. In 1881 Simeon Mills erected a store on Sec. 18 and established a mercantile business, supplied overland from Lisbon. The village or burg grew around the store in which a post office was established July 2, 1883 with Robert Timmins, postmaster; discontin­ ued Nov. 17, 1886. When the C. M. & St. P. branch railroad was com­ pleted to Harlem in 1889, all the buildings at Millsburg were moved there. (76; 80)

MILNOR: By Sept. 1883 the Northern Pacific had extended the branch line, known then as Fergus Falls and Black Hills division to Sec. 9-132-54 and platted a townsite named for two of their employees, William Edward Milnor, local telegrapher and William Milnor Ro­ berts, their well-known, chief civil engineer at the time. The month previous all the buildings from Linton, three miles distant had been transported overland to Milnor. The post office was established Oct. 18, 1883 with Thomas V. Phelps, postmaster, who had erected a store building, established a mercantile business and also dealt in livestock. When the county was organized in 1883, Milnor was des­ ignated the county seat, which it retained for three yeai's only — when Forman was officially selected. Milnor incorporated as a vill­ age July 8, 1884; as a city in 1914. The township was named for the village of Milnor. (1, p. 598; 11, p. 203; 19, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 35; 76; 78, pp. 10, 20; 80) MOHLER: A rural post office of short duration was established in the south central part of the county Sept. 10, 1888 in the home of August Schrump, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 15, 1890 and mail sent to Brookland. Origin of the name not known. (80)

MOORES GROVE: Gearhart F. Moore had a fine grove of trees on his homestead in the southwestern part of the county which was a popular meeting place for picnics and special affairs. A post office 279 was established in his farm house nearby, May 3, 1904 which was in operation but a few months when it was discontinued Aug. 9, 1904 and mail sent to Straubville. (1, p. 322; 80) NICHOLSON: In 1883 this townsite was platted on Sec. 6, Sargent Twp., the second Soo Line station west of Forman. Named for Thomas W. Nicholson, original townsite owner, and local homesteader who was appointed the first postmaster Jan. 25, 1886. The town declined after 1902; the post office discontinued and mail was sent to Cogs­ well. Nicholson is now but a flag stop with an elevator and a few homes. (78, p. 67; 80) OELLA: A rural post office on Sec. 15, Taylor Twp. established May 7, 1900 with Winifred S. Howard, postmaster, was named for the nearby lake, which was named for Oella Parson who owned the land surrounding the lake; discontinued Aug. 24, 1903 and mail sent to Havana. (80) PERRY: A village grew around the Soo Line station on Sec. 6, Ran­ som Twp. where a store, lumber yard and elevator were operated for a number of years. The post office was established Feb. 1, 1893 with Chester C. Numdale, postmaster; discontinued April 15, 1912 and mail sent to Ransom. It is not definitely known but it is supposedly named for Ebenezer P. Perry, a well known attorney of Dickey County or Perry Johnson, landowner and farmer in Shuman Twp. — while others think it was named by settlers from Perry, 111. or Perry, Mich., or Perry County, Missouri. (1, p. 488; 80) POSTVILLE: See HAMLIN RANSOM CITY: Named for its township (which later was renamed Rutland Twp.) and the bordering county on the north, which drew its name from Fort Ransom established in 1867 near Bear Den Hill on the Sheyenne River, an important post on the military trail of that day. In April 1882, Randolph Holding erected a store on his home­ stead bordering the Wild. Rice River Sec. 1-130-54 in which a post of­ fice was established June 29, 1882 with David S. Cobb, postmaster. A townsite was platted here in March 1883 but never developed; the store was moved to Cayuga by 1890; the Great Northern Ry. built one mile south in 1914 and Ransom City became a ghost town. (1, p. 472; 11, p. 203; 80)

RIPLEY: A rural post office established on NWy4, Sec. 14-131-57 April 24, 1884 in the home of the postmaster, Samuel Bromley; dis­ continued Nov. 15, 1887. Supposedly named for Ripley, Jasper Coun­ ty, Indiana. RUTLAND: This village founded on Sec. 19, Ransom Twp. (later renamed Rutland Twp.) was originally named STEWART when the 280 post office was established Feb. 23, 1887 with Albert H. Stuart, post­ master. The spelling of Stuart is varied. There being a Stewartvillt in Dak. Terr., the name was changed to Rutland when the Great Northern Ry. reached here. Employees of the railroad gave it the name of their home city in Vermont. When the township was reor­ ganized it was named for this village. Another version of the origin of name given—The owner and operator of the hotel and the livery barn Mr. Guy from Rutland, Vermont suggested the name. (76, pp. 54, 66; 80) SARGEANT: A short lived post office supposedly named for Mal­ colm L. Sargeant, an 1879 settler on Sec. 28, Danton Twp. Richland County was established June 1, 1883 in the farm home of the post­ master, William W. Bradley on Sec. 13-130-56; discontinued Aug. 20, 1883 and mail sent to Dunbar, where Bradley was again appointed postmaster. (1, p. 404; 80) SARGENT: The village, township and county were named for Col. H. E. Sargent, general manager of the Northern Pacific Ry. in the acknowledgement of his interest in the development of the Red River Valley. The village was platted in February 1883 on Sees. 13 and 14, Sargent Twp. where the proposed railroads, Dakota Great Southern and the Northern Pacific, branch line (Fei'gus Falls to Black Hills) were to cross. George S. Montgomery and Pat H. Rourke, the town- site surveyors and promoters named it BLACKSTONE for the Illinois home town of Rourke. The post office was established June 25, 1883 with Fred L. Benton, postmaster. Renamed Sargent Dec. 31, 1883. (5, p. 498; 11, p. 203; 38, vol. 2, no. 6, p. 23; 80; Milnor 75th Ann. Book, 1958) SENECA: See CAYUGA. SPRAGUE: Named for Lake Sprague, which was named for Wm. Sprague, the first settler at the east end of the lake on Sec. 35-130-55. A post office was established in his home in 1883 and discontinued in 1891 when the Great Northern reached Rutland. (Milnor 75th Ann. Book, 1958) STEWART: See RUTLAND. STIRUM: Founded in 1900 on Sees. 27 and 34, Vivian Twp. Named for the man, who accompanied Arthur von Gwinner, a German fin­ ancier on a trip over the Northern Pacific lines in the early 1880s; Stirum was a German bond holder of railroad stock. The post office was established June 22, 1901 with Earl Albertson, postmaster. The earlier established inland town of Harlem two miles to the south, moved to the railroad site of Stirum soon after it was founded. (10, p. 788; 76; 80) 281 STRAUBVILLE: Platted in 1886; named for Joseph W. Straub, orig­ inal townsite owner, one of the earliest of local settlers. He donated 10 acres of his farmland in Sec. 25, Jackson Twp. for the townsite. The post office was established Aug 8, 1887 with Henry Straub, post­ master. (10, p. 788; 76; 80) SYNDA: In 1882 a post office was established in the farm home of James C. Lannigan or (Lanegan) on See 6-132-54; named for his daughter Sydna, later she became the wife of John L. Tanner, who was prominent in local affairs and assisted in the organization of Sydna Twp. which was named for its post office. This rural post office was the only stop from Lisbon to Hamlin, on one of the first mail routes across this unorganized county. The carrier at this time was W. R. Stodard. (1, p. 548; 78; p. 58; Milnor 75th Arm. Book, 1958) TEWAUKON: Named for the lake which is virtually the head of the Wild Rice River, and is the largest body of water in the county, be­ ing two miles long and one wide. It is on the northern edge of the Indian Reservation and its name is the Indian word for Skunk. Ma- kah or Skunk Lake is so indicated on Nicolet's map of 1839. It is named Polecat Lake on Judson's map of Wisconsin in 1843. On the north shore of this historic lake on SWy, Sec. 5 Kingston Twp. was a trading post, a store and a dance pavilion. A post office was estab­ lished Nov. 21, 1883 in the store with James Ross, postmaster, and oper­ ator of the store; discontinued Jan. 31, 1903 and mail sent to Cayuga. (10, p. 790; 19, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 36; 78; p. 50; 80)

TOWANDA: A post office was established in 1888 on SEy4, See 31-131-56, which was one-half mile east from the home of the post­ master Geo. G. Presage, who operated an elevator and store there also. He named the post office for his former home town in New York. The post office has long been discontinued. (4/31/61, George C. McCrory, Cogswell, N. D; 80) VERNER: Originally named BABCOCK when this rural post office was established May 7, 1883 on NW'/], Sec. 29-131-58. When the town­ ship was named Verner, so was the post office, both for Luther Ver- ner Babcock, an early settler here. The post office was discontinued Oct. 1896 and mail sent to Oakes in Dickey County. (1, p. 543; 80) VEDA: See GENESEO. VIVIAN: In 1881 a rural post office named for its township was es­ tablished in the claim shanty of the postmaster, Mrs. Ella C. Roscoe on NWl/j, Sec. 4. On May 7, 1883 it was moved to the SEJ/4 Sec. 10 and established in the home of Adam C. .Smith, postmaster. The town­ ship was named by his wife for her former home town. The post office was discontinued May 16, 1887 and mail sent to Harlem. (76, p. 54; 80) WEBER: See HAVANA.

282 SHERIDAN COUNTY BERLIN: A short-lived rural post office established June 20, 1899 with Jacob Weisser, postmaster, who named it for his homeland city of Berlin, Germany. It was discontinued Dec. 20, 1899 and mail sent to Casselman. (80) BLAINE: A rural post office established Aug. 21, 1902 with Joseph T. Wyard, postmaster; rescinded Aug. 30, 1902. Origin of name not known. (80) CASSELMAN: See MARTIN. CLARK: See GOODRICH. CURTIS: A rural post office in the southern part of the county es­ tablished Dec. 11, 1908 with Elizabeth C. Curtis, postmaster; discon­ tinued Nov. 30, 1912 and mail sent to Denhoff. (80) DENHOFF: A station on the Turtle Lake branch of the N. P. Ry. Its first buildings were erected in the fall of 1901 on SWy, Sec. 8-146-75. The town was named by the first postmaster and pioneer merchant, John Steinbrecker for his former home in South Russia. The post of­ fice was established Dec. 21, 1901. Disastrous fii'es in February and October, 1910 all but destroyed the town, which never rebuilt to its former size. (40, 7/21/55; 80) DUDLEY: See GOODRICH. GOODRICH: Named for F. H. Goodrich, civil engineer of the N.P.R.R. in charge of construction here in 1901, when the town was started north of the railroad track. The same year townsite promoters James Clark of Hurdsfield and a Mr. Dudley established a town south of the track named CLARK on SEi/j, Sec. 8-146-74 and filed the sur­ veyed plat of four blocks, Jan. 14, 1902. They found there was a Clark, N. D., and changed the name to DUDLEY. A post office was established Dec. 28, 1900 with Mary E. Grimes, postmaster. The of­ fice was discontinued Aug. 31, 1903. Keen rivalry existed between Goodrich and Dudley for a year or more. Five additional blocks to Dudley were surveyed and the plat filed Aug. 13, 1902. Dudley won out in the townsite contest but forfeited its name, when in 1903 Good­ rich moved to Dudley townsite south of the track and retained its name. The Goodrich post office was established Aug. 30, 1902 with Joseph T. Wyard, postmaster. The village was organized in 1909. (49, 7/21/55; 76; 80) HERR: A post office established Feb. 16, 1903 in the farm home of Fred G. Herr on SEy. Sec. 25-148-76, which served the settlers of Har­ ris Twp. until it was discontinued June 30, 1909. (80) 283 LAMONT: This was a rival townsite of "Old McClusky" established in Sept. 1902 five miles west. In the spring of 1904, John A. Beck of Denhoff platted a townsite of 16 blocks on SEy, Sec. 6-146-76 and named it for D. S. Lamont, vice president of the N.P.R.R. He had an­ ticipated it would be a railroad station when the N.P.R.R. branch- line extended from Denhoff. The post office was established Nov. 1, 1904 with Arthur Steinbreckex-, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 30, 1905 and mail sent to McClusky. The railroad was constructed mid­ way between the two towns in 1905. Both were then abandoned and the buildings moved to the railroad townsite of McClusky. (40, 7/21/55; 80) LINCOLN: See LINCOLN VALLEY. LINCOLN VALLEY: Am inland town established in 1900 on Sec. 13-148-75, about 18 miles northeast of McClusky named for Abraham Lincoln, also the broad valley in which it is situated. The town was started by C. C Reiswig on land his brother George in 1899, had sold to the G.N.R.R. for a right-of-way when plans were to extend a line from New Rockford westward to the Lincoln Valley area. The rail­ road extension did net materialize. Reiswig bought the land back for $15 per acre. The post office was established Feb. 14, 1904 with Con­ rad C. Reiswig, postmaster, named LINCOLN. It was renamed Lin­ coln Valley Oct. 18, 1912 and Herman H. Hohenstein appointed post­ master. (40, 7/21/55; 76; 80) MARTIN: A group of Rumanians from Regina, Sask., Canada, settled in this area in 1893, but it was not until 1896, when the Soo Line R.R. built through the northeastern portion of the county, that a section house occupied by Patrick Walsh, section boss, marked the townsite of two blocks on the SE^NEy, Sec. 10-146-74. The plat was filed June 12, 1902 and named CASSELMAN for the townsite agent; two more blocks were platted by Nov. 17, that year. Because of the confusion with mail and freight addressed to Casselton, Cass County, the name was changed to Martin, for William Leslie Martin, Soo Line R. R. conductor. The post office was established Nov. 6, 1902 with Maggie Herr, postmaster. Martin incorporated in 1910. It is the old­ est town in its county and Martin School Dist. No. 1 erected a school house in 1897, the first in the county. (40, 7/21/55; 80) McCLUSKY: Now the county seat, it was named for William H. Mc­ Clusky, an early settler from Winside, Neb., who in 1902 in anticipa­ tion of the N.P.R.R. building westward from Denhoff purchased eight sections of land in the present McClusky area and established what he hoped would be a railroad townsite and gave it his name. This site on Sec. 8 & 9-146-79, now known as "OLD McCLUSKY" is three miles west of the present site of McClusky on NEy, Sec. 11-146-77. 284 The post office was established Feb. 16, 1903 with Sarah F. Southard, postmaster. Frank Bates was the first to operate a store here and he was postmaster for sometime also. During the spring of 1905, the N.P.R.R. townsite agents Regan and Wing, purchased the present site of McClusky from L. S. Needham and laid out the town. As a result, the settlement sponsored by William McClusky was abandoned and the buildings moved to the railroad townsite and as a compromise, he was given a favorable location for an elevator, which he built soon afterwards. (40, 7/21/55; 80)

MIDDLE STATION: One of the rural stopping points on the trail linking Ft. Stevenson and Ft. Totten during 1867-1872, where travel­ ers rested or took shelter over night. It was chosen for its strategic location, fresh water and brush. It was mid-way, hence the name. (39, vol. 50, no. 15, p. 4) OLD McCLUSKY: See McCLUSKY.

PICKARDVILLE: This inland village was named for Wm. Henry Pickard, familiarly known here as Colonel Pickard, who for many years was the county's only Civil War veteran. Pickard arrived with his family in 1903 and homesteaded on what is still known as the Pick­ ard farm, one mile east of Pickardville. In 1916 an elevator was built, and two years later James P. Murphy, son-in-law of Pickard, built the store in which the post office named PICKARDSVILLE was established Jan. 10, 1917 with James C. Murphy, postmaster. On July 6, 1917 the post office was renamed Pickardville. It was discontinued June 30, 1957. (40, 7/21/55; 80) PICKARDSVILLE: See PICKARDVILLE.

SCHMIDT: An elevator loading station on a Soo Line Ry. siding. A post office was established here April 19, 1901 in the home of the first postmaster, Ludwig Schmidt; discontinued Nov. 11, 1902 and mail sent to Harvey. (80)

SKQGMO: In 1903 John T. Skogmo homesteaded the NEJ/j, Sec. 20-148-76 and opened up a general merchandise store here in which a post office v/as established Oct. 4, 1904, which he also operated. A railroad route was surveyed through here but abandoned. The post office was discontinued in 1933 or 1934 and the store burned down a few years later. Harold O. Ostrom of Drake, N. D., was the last owner and operator of the store. (40, 7/21/55; W. A. Skogmo, Fergus Falls, Minn., 2/4/58; 80) STENWICK: A rural pest office established May 20, 1903 with Fred Parmer, postmaster. No other data available. (80) 285 THORSON: A rural post office established Oct. 27, 1905 with Ole A. Olson, postmaster; discontinued'Nov. 6, 1909. Named for John Thor­ son, pioneer settler. (80) WHITMEYER: Once a post office in the farm home of John Whit- meyer, before the N.P.R.R. extension to Goodrich in 1901, when mail was brought by pony express from Harvey. (40, 7/21/55)

SIOUX COUNTY BELDEN: See CANNON BALL JUNCTION. CANNON: See CANNON BALL. CANNON BALL: HEKTON was the name given to the settlement and post office established here by Rich M. Johnson, an early settler of 1877. This was the site of an earlier Indian village of the same name. The word is said to derive from hecta in the Sioux language, which means "set back" or "away from"; the village is set back some dis­ tance from the Missouri River. June 21, 1880 the post office name was changed to Cannon Ball for the river which empties into the Missouri at this point. The Cannonball River took its name from the odd limestone concretions resembling cannon balls, found in its bed and along the banks. The Cannon Ball post office was removed Aug. 21,1881 to the eastern shore of the Missouri River landing of Gayton in Emmons County; J. L. Kennedy was appointed postmaster. On Oct. 12, 1889 the Cannon post office with Robert B. Gondreau, postmaster, was established on the west side of the river near the old site, but soon after on Nov. 19, 1889 the post office was renamed Cannon Ball and operated as such until it was discontinued March 31, 1915. Resi­ dents of Hekton changed the name of their village to Cannon Ball Dec. 3, 1915. (11, p. 193; 19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 137) CANNON BALL JUNCTION: A railroad junction of the Milwaukee and the Northern Pacific a short distance north of the village of Cannon Ball. Formerly named BELDEN. Named for W. L. Belden, U. S. Indian Agent-at-Large for North Dakota, who was stationed at Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, when this junction was con­ structed. CARRIGAN: A station a few miles north of Battle Creek on the N.P.R.R. named for John W. Carrigan, an 1877 settler of that area. CHAD WICK: A Milwaukee railroad loading spur and stockyards named for Earl Chadwick, Sr., a local rancher (19, vol. 13, no. 3) FORT YATES: The Standing Rock Indian Agency was established here by executive order on Jan. 11, 1875 for the Teton Dakota and for a number of years beginning June 6, 1875 the War Department 286 stationed a small garrison at this point. By act of Congress on March 2, 1889 a military post was established on this reservation at the present town of Fort Yates and named Fort Yates in honor of Capt. George W. Yates of the Seventh Cavalry, who was killed with Custer at the Battle of the Little Big Horn, June 25, 1876. A garrison was maintained at this fort until 1895. Fort Yates took the place of the abandoned Fort Rice. As the post was not served by a railroad the War Department decided to construct a new post at a more advan­ tageous location. Bismarck was selected for the site of the new post which was named Fort Lincoln. After 25 years of occupation, Fort Yates was abandoned in Sept., 1903. The Standing Rock Indian Reservation was opened for settlement Feb. 14, 1913. (7, p. 41; 10, 709; 23; p. 6; 31, p. 225) FORT YATES (town): Established on Sec. 13-130-80, former site of the military post for which it is named. The post office was estab­ lished Dec. 3, 1891 with Walter Graham, postmaster. (80) HEKTON: See CANNON BALL. NOSODAK: This state border line townsite was given a coined name, the first two letters of north and south, and the abbreviation of Da­ kota. It was platted by the Western Townsite & Development Co. on SEy, Se 35-129-79; located on the N.P.R.R. in the southeast corner of the county. SELFRIDGE: Settlement began in 1910; post office established May 20, 1912 with Eben W. Philput, postmaster; incorporated as a village in 1919. There are three versions as to the origin of its name. (1) Named for Thomas E. Selfridge, a pioneer army aviator killed in ser­ vice. (2) Named for a Soo R. R. official. (3) The ridge of hills sur­ rounding the town suggested the name. (10, p. 785; 76; 80) SOLEN: Platted in 1910 on Sec. 30-134-80 along the south bank of the Cannonball. The post office was established Feb. 9, 1911 with Alma H. Rogers, postmaster. Named for Mr. and Mrs. George L. Van Solen, early settlers here. Mrs. Van Solen, the first school teacher among the Sioux Indians at Standing Rock Reservation was the daughter of Honore Picotte, a fur trader and his wife, Alma, a full- blooded Sioux, whose Indian name was Wambdiantapiwin (Eagle Woman All Look At), an outstanding woman of the Sioux Indian na­ tion. Picotte, said to have been of noble French lineage, came to the Missouri country in 1825. (10, 787; 25; 73; 76; 80) SWASTIKA: A post office established March 16, 1912 in the home of the postmaster, James C Smith on SWy. Sec. 27-130-86; discon­ tinued Dec. 31, 1923 and mail sent to Mcintosh, S. D. Who named it or why is not known. Swastika is the ancient and rebated cross formerly used as a secret emblem and a common ornament, thought to be lucky by the lost tribes of Israel and that "fortune smiles upon the wearer." (10, 789; 80)

287 SLOPE COUNTY AMID ON: Founded near the center of the county in 1910; post office was established May 13, 1911 with James E. Dinsmore, postmaster; organized as a village in 1915 and shortly thereafter was designated the county seat; incorporated as a city in 1918. Named by the resi­ dents for Charles F. Amidon of Fargo, a U. S. District Judge of North Dakota. (7, p. 223) AUSTIN: An inland settlement in the northwest corner of the coun­ ty; named for William (Bill) Austin, an early local rancher, who sold beef to the railroad construction crews. BADLAND: See BIERMAN. BESSIE: An inland post office established Aug. 4, 1908 in Cash Twp. with Caroline C. Desforges, postmaster, known as DeMORES, named for Marquis de Mores, the French founder of Medora. The name was changed to BESSIE Jan. 20, 1890 v/ith Theodore Gilbertson, postmast­ er; supposedly named for A. J. Bessie, a prominent North Dakota at­ torney at that time. (80) BIERMAN: Originally named BADLAND, this rural post office es­ tablished Sept. 10, 1908 in the heart of the Badlands in Center Twp. with Frethjob A. Halbakken, postmaster; named for its topography of barren regions with eroded surfaces of extensive fossil deposits. On June 20, 1916 the name was changed to BIERMAN. Origin of the name not known. Soon after the post office was discontinued. (80) BILLINGS: An inland post office in Deep Creek Twp. 133-103 es­ tablished March 7, 1910 v/ith Bert E. Sanford, postmaster; discon­ tinued May 31, 1914 and mail sent to Rhame. Named for Frederick Billings, president of the N.P.R.R. at that time and one of the largest landowners in the northwest. (10, p. 715; 15; 80) CALCITE: See CHENOWETH. CHENOWETH: A rural post office established 14 miles southwest of Amidon, on Sept. 16, 1910 with Lloyd W. Wetzel, postmaster, orig­ inally named CALCITE, why is not known. At this time a rich Chi­ cago woman by the name of Chenoweth attempted to establish a dude ranch and develop an ideal town and extensive farm operations in this area and shipped loads of machinery here for that purpose. The name of the townsite was CHENOWETH and it was near the Cal- cite P. O. and is now a part of the Roen Ranch. But the proposed railroad never was constructed and the town never developed and it became a ghost town. (Hettinger County Herald 4/18/57; 77) COOKRANCH: Elmer E. Cook came from West Berlin, Vermont in 1888 ho.mesteading in Hettinger County Sec. 31-136-97. In 1895 he 288 moved 11 miles west and established a cattle and sheep ranch, which became a popular place with its modern ranch house, fine garden, spring water and grove of native trees. In 1915 a post office was es­ tablished here with C. F. Bock, postmaster. A store and a coal mine operated nearby. (Hettinger County Herald, 4/18/57) DEMORES: See BESSIE. DESART: See DcSART. DeSART: A post office named DeSart was established Oct. 25, 1906 in Carroll Twp. 134-98 with Ora R. DeSart, postmaster, who home­ steaded this inland townsite. The spelling of the name was changed to DeSART June 19, 1912. The post office was discontinued Aug. 3, 1955, other places of business continued operation. (Hettinger County Herald, 4/18/57; 76; 80) GIESE: See SLOPE CENTER. HOLTON: A short-lived rural post office near the center of the county at the forks of Deep Creek; no data available. HUME: A post office established Feb. 24, 1908 in the home of the postmaster, James L. Hume in Hume Twp. 134-99. (80) MARMARTH: Settlement began here in 1902, in the extreme south­ west corner of the county, seven miles east of the Montana state line on the Milwaukee R.R. A post office, named NEVA, was established Sept. 3, 1907, with Neva M. Woods, postmaster. The name was changed to MARMARTH Feb. 29, 1907; named for Margaret Martha Fitch, the young granddaughter of A. J. Earling, then president of the CM. & St. P. R.R. The name is an abbreviation and combination of syllables from MARgaret and MARTHa; and the child's mispronunciation of her name at that time. (7, p. 327; 10, p. 767; 45; 80) MIDWAY: An inland settlement in Moord Twp. 135-99 so named— for it was midway between the mail lines of two railroads, N. P. and the C.M.& St. P. A post office was established there June 17, 1907 with Peter Oberg, postmaster; now discontinued. (80) MINERA.L SPRINGS: A village grew around several mineral springs in Mineral Springs Twp. 133-100 for which it was named, as was the township. The springs give forth a wondrous supply of clear sparkling, cold water, which is thought to have medicinal properties but has never been fully tested. (10, p. 772) MONTLINE: A CM. & St. P. Railroad loading station in the extreme southwest corner of the county bordering the Montana state line. MOUND: Named for its township, so named for the contour of its land. A post office was established in 130-104 April 21, 1908 with Frances Pearl, postmaster. (80) 289 NEVA: See MARMARTH. PIERCE: Originally named RENO—supposedly for Major Marcus A. Reno of the Battle of Little Big Horn. A rural post office estab­ lished in Woodberry Twp. 133-99; named for four Pierce brothers who homesteaded in this area. PINE: A rural post office established in Cedar Creek Twp. 133-98 Sept. 4, 1908 with Elios Kostenbader, postmaster; discontinued June 15, 1915 and mail sent to Scranton. Named for the native scrub pine that grew along Cedar Creek. (80) PURCELL: A post office established March 12, 1908 in the home of the postmaster George F. Purcell, White Lake Twp. 135-100; discontin­ ued Dec. 31,1914 and mail sent to Amidon. (80) RAINY BUTTE: A post office near the line between Hume and Carroll Twps., 134-99 and 134-98 established March 9, 1907 with Bur­ ton S. Covell, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 15, 1914 and mail sent to Pierce. Re-established in 1915 with Robert Ware, postmaster. Its name was derived from a nearby butte of the Badlands, named by the early freighters on the stage line betwen Dickinson and Belle Fourche, S. D., because of the slow di-ying gumbo roads near it, in which they often got stuck, and not for more frequent rainfall near the butte, as the first settlers presumed. (10, p. 780; 80)

RANGER: This government ranger station came into existence when the Dakota National Forest Reserve was created by proclama­ tion of President Theodore Roosevelt, Nov. 24, 1908. A post office was established in Ranger Twp. 136-102 in 1909 with Ralph Sheriff, postmaster. (10, p. 780; 76) RENO: See PIERCE. SAND CREEK: An inland post office established June 21, 1898 in the home of the postmaster, Edwin R. Brewster in Chalky Butte Twp. 134-101; discontinued Dec. 12, 1909 and mail sent to Purcell. The name was derived from the creek nearby. (80) SAND CREEK STATION: This was the ninth relay stage-mail sta­ tion on the Bismarck-Ft. Keogh, Montana overland route. It was established in 1878 on Sand Creek, six miles west of the present site of Amidon on the Aus Bros. Ranch in the SEy, Sec. 14-135-102 at Black Butte, the cross roads of several trails. This was six miles north of the highest point in North Dakota. It became the meeting place of travelers, adventurers, professional trappers and buffalo hunters, cattle men and others. Discontinued in 1882 with the completion of the N.P.R.R. (19, vol. 21, July, 1954, no. 3, p. 112)

290 SHOLLSMADE: A rural post office established Sept. 2, 1908 in Do­ ver Twp. 136-99 in a store operated by Mr. and Mrs. Einar Sholl and daughters. Mail came overland three times a week. (67, sec. 8, p. 8; 80) SLOPE CENTER: This post office when first established in Slope Center Twp. 134-102 was first named GIESE for the two Giese bro­ thers and their sister in whose home the post office was located. The settlement which grew around it became known as SLOPE CENTER, a banking, shopping and shipping center for a wide area. (10, p. 787) STUART: A short-lived post office in township 135-105 long since discontinued; no data available. TAFT: A post office established in Peaceful Valley Twp. 136-100— no other data available. VIM: A post office in Vim Twp. 136-103, long since discontinued. No data available. YULE: A post office named for the Yule Ranch on which it was lo­ cated. This stock ranch in the northwest part of the county along the Little Missouri River was owned by an Englishman, Sir John Pinder, and operated by his relative Gregor Lang, who eventually became the owner. The ranch was then known as Gregor Lang Ranch. The Yule post office was established here July 20, 1893 with Lincoln A. Lang, postmaster; discontinued March 31, 1910 and mail sent to Al­ pha, in Golden Valley County. Origin of the name Yule not known. (67, sec. 2, p. 5; 80)

STARK COUNTY ADOBE WALLS STATION: The eighth relay station on the overland mail route from Bismarck to Fort Keogh, Montana. It was estab­ lished near Double Wall Creek in 1878 on Sec. 31-137-99; evidently so called for the sod or adobe house in which the stable boys lived. It was also known as Dooby Walls and Doby Wells, obvious corrup­ tions of Adobe Walls. It was discontinued in 1882 with the comple­ tion of the N.P.R.R. (19, vol. 21, July, 1954, no. 3, p. Ill) ANTELOPE: In the fall of 1881 the Northern Pacific R. R. con­ structed a siding 12 miles southwest of the present town of Hebron, designated as THE FIFTH SIDING—meaning it was just that, in the division west of Mandan. It was also called YOUNG MAN'S BUTTE SIDING, for the nearby butte named for the lone survivor of the 106 Crow Indians surrounded and killed by the Sioux who regarded them as trespassers on their hunting grounds. The young man managed to get to the top of the butte and there chanted his death song and stabbed himself to death rather than be taken alive by the 291 Sioux. According to their pagan ideas this was an act of supreme courage and the butte was sort of a shrine thereafter. When a settle­ ment directed by T. S. Underhill began here in Sec. 18-139-91 in 1882, it was named ANTELOPE at the suggestion of H. V. Thomas, a rail­ road official, which is the name of the creek and its valley where the village is located. The prong-horned antelope grazed in large num­ bers in this area in the early days. (19, vol. 21, July, 1954, no. 3, p. 105; 67, sec. 10, p. 7) ANTELOPE STATION: The seventh relay stage station on the over­ land mail route from Bismarck to Fort Keogh, Montana. It was es­ tablished in 1878 on the north branch of Antelope Creek and was dis­ continued in 1882 with the completion of the N.P.R.R. (19, vol. 21, July, 1954, no. 3, p. Ill) BELFIELD: Named for the wild prairie bluebells on the hills near the Heart River in this area. Bel means "beautiful" in French. Orig­ inally this was but a siding on the N.P.R.R. known as HOUSTON. The early railroad construction crews had named it in 1880 because four years before, Col. Merrill had established CAMP HOUSTIN, which he named for his son, and commanded troops here, which took part in the Indian Campaigns. It also served as a relay station on the Bismarck to Fort Keogh stage route, until the railroad was completed in 1882. The settlement of Belfield began in April 1883, when John H. Ames, St. Paul, purchased the railroad lands and had the township surveyed and the townsite platted. The origin of the name according to some, is—that a railroad engineer by the name of Fields had a daughter named Belle, and the two names were combined as Bel- field. (65, sec. 10, p. 6)

BOYLE: A siding and spur track station on the N.P.R.R. established in 1890 and named KNOWLTON for G. A. Knowlton, assistant en­ gineer on construction for the railroad. In June 1907, the name was changed to BOYLE for Daniel Boyle, Ass't Gen. Supt. of the N.P.R.R. in 1906. (19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 134) BURDETTE: A short-lived rural post office established in the early '80s on the C. Burdette Williams place, which was near the well- known T. F. Roberts ranch. CAMP HOUSTIN: See BELFIELD. DAGLUM: In 1900 an inland settlement began in See 3 Simpson Twp. in the southwestern section of the county named for John O. Daglum, who erected and operated the first store in which he estab­ lished the post office Oct. 12, 1906, and was appointed postmaster. The post office was discontinued March 31, 1920 and mail sent to South Heart. (67, sec. 10, p. 3, sec. 8, p. 5; 80) 292 DICKINSON: When the N.P.R.R. reached this point in the wide valley of the Heart River in 1880, the site became known as PLEA­ SANT VALLEY SIDING. Horace L. Dickinson from New York lo­ cated one-half mile west, which is now the edge of the present town- site of Dickinson—coming to this locality with his cousin, Wells S. Dickinson, N.P.R.R. land agent and former New York state senator from Franklin County, to farm together. On Oct. 6, 1881 the post of­ fice was established with F. H. Longley, postmaster. In the summer of 1882, a townsite at the railroad siding was purchased and platted by Wells S. Dickinson and named for him. Horace L. Dickinson be­ came the chairman of the first board of county commissioners; he moved from his farm into Dickinson in 1891 and engaged in the mer­ cantile business. Wells S. Dickinson owned the townsite and was influential in the area, but he did not reside here. (1, p. 118; 11, p. 194; 67, sec. 14, p. 2; 67, sec. 15, pp. 1, 3) ELAND: A railroad shipping point and stockyards, five miles west of Dickinson. Here were the largest stock corrals in the world during the early '90s. The corrals were made of heavy railroad ties with wings one-half mile wide on each side. The yards covered 50 acres, probably 100 acres were used at loading time when large herds were bedded here. In the fall of 1907 the HT Ranch loaded and shipped out of Eland 28 trainloads of hoi'ses in one day or about 10,000 head. The origin of the name is not recorded. (67, sec. 12, p. 2) GAYLORD: Named for its township, an inland post office in Sec. 32 was established near the branch of the Heart River in the home of the postmaster, Howard Molm Dec. 9, 1907; discontinued Dec. 15, 1917 and mail sent to Belfield. Origin of the name not known. (80) GREEN RIVER: See GLADSTONE- GREEN RIVER STATION: See GLADSTONE- GLADSTONE: Originally known as GREEN RIVER STATION. It was the sixth overland relay mail-stage station on the route from Bis­ marck to Fort Keogh, Mont. It was established in 1878 on the east bank of the Green River on the NWy, Sec. 7-139-94 about a mile northwest of the present site of Gladstone. It was a natural river crossing, a good camping place with trees and a spring. It was a pop­ ular stopping place for early hunters and trappers; a meeting place of scouts, frontiersmen, fur traders, construction outfits and survey crews—forerunners of the railroad. Green River Station was dis­ continued in 1882 with the completion of the N.P.R.R.. The railroad constructed a siding here in 1880 known as GREEN RIVER Accom­ modations were built here for headquarters of the railroad officials while the road pushed westward. The name was changed to Glad­ stone when the townsite was platted here in 1883; incorporated as a 293 village in 1939. It was named by the settlers for Wm. E. Gladstone, the great English statesman of that day. Through the promotional activities of the N.P.R.R., a colonization group was started at Ripon, Wis., known as "The Christian Colony," with colonists from northern Illinois, southern Minnesota and Iowa; and by 1884 some 150 families from these states settled in the Gladstone area. (11; 19, vol. 21, July, 1954, no. 3, p. 110; 67, sec. 10, p. 5) HOUSTIN: See BELFIELD. HUNGARY: A rural post office in the south central part of the county established Dec. 28, 1900 in the home of the postmaster, Frank Lefor, who named it for his homeland. It was rescinded Feb. 27, 1901; reestablished Feb. 23, 1906 with John Grundhauser, postmaster; dis­ continued Nov. 30, 1906 and mail sent to Gladstone. (80)

KNIFE RIVER: This N.P.R.R.. station 3i/2 miles west of Hebron was established in 1882 named for the Knife River, which appears to owe its name to the circumstances, that its valley was one of the more important sources of flint used by Indians for knives, arrow points and other implements. Pat Keogh, section foreman, with his family came from Swift County, Minn., the first residents here. They lived in a portable wooden building, which they sodded up for warmth in the winter. Charles Krauth and Ferdinand Leutz, in July, 1883, erected and operated the first store in which the post office was established Jan. 14, 1885 with Charles Krauth, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 22, 1885 and mail sent to Hebron. (Lewis & Clark Journal; 67, Sec. 10, p. 8; 80; August C. Draeb, Hebron, N. D.) KNOWLTON: See BOYLE. LEFOR: Named for Adam A. Lefor, Jr., who with his parents and four brothers with their families came with others from Schwaben Banot, Hungary in July, 1893—his brother Frank came a few months earlier—all homesteaded northwest of the present townsite of Lefor, along in the Black Creek area. The town of Lefor grew around the post office established Feb. 8, 1911 with Adam A. Lefor, postmaster, the founder of the place. (67, sec. 12, p. 4; 76; 80) LEHIGH: Established in Sec. 8-139-95 in 1883; named for Lehigh, Pa., both being coal mining towns. F. Reilley opened up the first coal mine here in the early 1880s; soon after 1900 the Pittsburgh Coal Co., operated the mines. (20, p. 280; 67, Sec. 9, p. 6; 76) MOLTKE: On the overland relay mail-stage route from Bismarck to Fort Keogh, Mont., a few miles west of the present town of Hebron on the east part of Sec. 34-140-91, two enterprising merchants, Charles Krauth and Ferdinand Leutz, built a trading post in July, 1883. They 294 named their establishment after German field marshal Count Hel- muth von Moltke, hoping to attract German settlers to this nucleus of a city. Business was brisk for a short while with the travelers on this trail, gold seekers, Indians, buffalo hunters, cattlemen, soldiers—• until lightning destroyed the store and the proprietors moved to the site of Hebron. (19, vol. 21, no. 3, p. 103) PLEASANT VALLEY SIDING: See DICKINSON. RICHARDTON: Originally called SPRING VALLEY when estab­ lished in 1881 for the numerous springs in the area. In the fall of 1882 agents of the Hamburg-American Steamship Co., of New York selected and platted this site on the N.P.R.R. to be the location of a settlement for their convenience. It was named for C. B. Richards, head of the passenger agents for this transportation company. An­ other record shows it was named for Oscar L. Richards, the president of the firm and the original townsite owner. The post office was es­ tablished in 1883 with John DeFi'ance, postmaster. The Assumption Abbey, a Benedictine monastery was founded here in 1899. The vill­ age organized in 1906; incorporated as a city in 1935; originally settled by Russo-Germans, formed a basis for heavy migration from the old country. (67, sec. 10, p. 7) SCHEFIELD: A German settlement grew around a x'ural post office and church in Sec. 13-137-97, 17 miles south of Dickinson. The post office was established Aug. 17, 1911 with Peter Jahner, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 15, 1922 and mail sent to New England in Hetting­ er County. Origin of name not known. (67, sec. 8, p. 1; 80)

SOUTH HEART: The N.P.R.R. constructed a siding or station on Sees. 12 & 13-139-98, at the mouth of the south fork of the Heart River in the spring of 1881, which started a settlement. A post office was es­ tablished in 1883 and Bernard Finger, who operated a general store here was appointed postmaster. The townsite was platted May, 1908. (67, sec. 11, p. 4) SPALDING: A rural post office Aug. 24, 1900 in the ranch home of the postmaster, Peter Kilzer; discontinued Nov. 14, 1903 and mail sent to Richardton. It may have been named for Burleigh F. Spald­ ing, a prominent attorney in territorial affairs, member of the Con­ stitutional Convention in 1889. (80)

STREHLOW: This rural post office named for its township was es­ tablished June 8, 1894 with Horace W. Smith, postmaster. The town­ ship was named for Alfred Strehlow, a local cattle and sheep rancher in partnership with Casper Getz. (80) SPRING VALLEY: See RICHARDTON. 295 TAYLOR: Originally named ANTELOPE for the prong-horned an­ telope which grazed in this area in 1881 as the railroad was constructed and extended westward. In 1882, L. N. Cary, Mandan civil engineer and general land agent for the N.P.R.R. surveyed and platted the townsite and named it for his friend, D. R. Taylor, Mandan, Supt. of the Missouri Division of the N. P. and responsible for so much of its development in the '80s. (67, see 11, p. 1; 69, 6/27/56) THE FIFTH SIDING: See ANTELOPE. YOUNG MAN'S BUTTE SIDING: See ANTELOPE.

YOUNG MAN'S BUTTE STATION: The fifth relay stage station on the overland mail route from Bismarck to Fort Keogh, Mont. It was established in 1878 near Young Man's Butte, the famous landmark, teeming with history as to name and incident. Many early military expeditions camped here; the elevation afforded a superb view and in the oak-filled coulees at its base, water gushed from several springs. Sully camped here in 1864, Stanley and Custer in 1873-74. Early sett­ lers of 1883 recall there were once 50 to 60 cabins made of oak logs near this station, where soldiers, drivers, stocktenders and travelers lodged. Railroad workers encamped here as they graded and laid tracks nearby in 1879-80, and the soldiers who protected them from Indian attacks. The mail route was discontinued in 1882 with the completion of the N.P.R.R. See Antelope for origin of name. (19, vol. 21, July, 1954, no. 3, pp. 107-10) ZENITH: Henry Truelson, former mayor of Duluth, Minn., pur­ chased a coal mine in Sec. 6-139-98 with a railroad siding constructed to it, which was the nucleus of a railroad station and village. He named it for the so-called "Zenith City" which is Duluth. A post of­ fice was established here Oct. 23, 1903 with Zola M. Truelson, post­ master. (67, sec. 11, p. 4; 76; 80)

STEELE COUNTY BELLEVYRIA: A rural post office established June 6, 1882 in the home of the postmaster, Watson E. Boise, on the west bank of Maple River on the SWy, See 26-144-56, five miles south of Hope in what is now Carpenter Twp.; discontinued Aug. 24, 1898 and mail sent to Hope. Named for Bellevue, Ohio and Elyria, Ohio, former homes of the postmaster and his wife; a combination of the two names. (4/3/1961, Steele Co. Bulletin; 80) BLABON: A Great Northern Rwy. Station established in 1885 and named by the townsite officials for J. W. Blabon, a railroad employee. 296 A post office was established March 3, 1900 in this village, on the SWy, Sec. 3, of Melrose Twp. with Edward J. Baldner, postmaster. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) COLGATE: Founded in 1882 on the SEy,, Sec. 33-144-55 and is now a Great Northern Ry. station, named for its township which was named for James B. Colgate, a New York manufacturer, financier and townsite proprietor; son of William Colgate, founder of Colgate Soap Co. He had purchased 5,000 acres from the Northern Pacific R. R. Co. in 1880 and became the largest land owner in Steele County. The post office was established June 20, 1833 with William Orser, postmaster. This village was not surveyed or platted until May 1898. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) EASTON: A rural post office established March 18, 1896 with Elsie J. Pease, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 29, 1897 and mail sent to Fin- ley. Named for its township, which was named by early settlers for their former home, Easton, Minn. (80) FINLEY: Originally named GILBERT; platted and surveyed in Sept. 1896. Origin of the name not known. When the Great Northern Rwy. reached here, Nov. 3, 1896, a twin town was established near it and named FINLEY for W. W. Finley, second vice-president and traffic manager of the railroad during 1889-92; then resigned to be­ come president of the Southern R.R. The town of Gilbert was soon absorbed by Finley and became only its addition by the time the post office was established at Finley, Jan. 20, 1897 with A. K. Cockrane, postmaster, who operated a general store and hotel in conjunction with it. Finley incorporated as a village in 1926. On Nov. 5, 1918 it was designated as the county seat, which was moved from Sher- brooke Dec. 16, 1918. (6/5/47, The Steele Press; 10, p. 742; 76; 80) GILBERT: See FINLEY. GOLDEN LAKE: This settlement on See 2-147-54 between Golden Lake and Swan Lake was first called INTERLAKEN. The name was changed to Golden Lake, when Isaac Golden was appointed postmast­ er, Feb. 26, 1885. The post office was discontinued June 14, 1902 and mail sent to Hatton. (80) GRAIN: See PICKERT. HOPE: Platted in Feb. 1882 on Sec. 1-144-56 by the Red River Land Co., and named for Hope Steele, the wife of E. II. Steele, secretary and treasurer of the Red River Land Co. which bought 50,000 acres from the Northern Pacific R. R. Co., for one dollar per acre. Steele was one of the founders and owners of the townsite and erected the first building here. The post office was established, one mile northeast of the present site June 12, 1882 with Herbert P. Smith, postmaster, 297 meanwhile he was a land agent and hotel proprietor. Hope incor­ porated as a city in 1882. (5, p. 498; 11, pp. 207, 241; 15, Sept. 1906, p. 43; 22, 6/30/57; 80) INTERLAKEN: See GOLDEN LAKE. LUVERNE: This Great Northern station on Sec. 31-144-57 was plat­ ted and named in 1910 by the Luverne Land. Co., of Willmar, Minn. The post office was established Feb. 17, 1912 with Peter F. Orn, post­ master. - (76; 80) NEBRO: There was a settlement on Sec. 12-148-55 when a post office was established June 25, 1890 with James Savage, postmaster. The post office was discontinued Aug. 9, 1904 and mail sent to Hatton. Six names for the post office were submitted to the U. S. Postal Dept. by the Swedish settlers of this area and NEBRO was chosen. Nebro is a hill in Sweden. (76; 80) NEWBURGH: Both the village and its township were named for Halvor Berg, who came to this area with the Northwood, Iowa, colony in 1871 settling on Sec. 28-148-54, the following year. He went on a scouting trip and returned with another colony of settlers in 1873-4 and they agreed to oi'ganize a township naming it New Berg; when the legal papers were drawn, they were disappointed that Berg was spelled Burgh, so they decided to make the name into one word, Newburgh. The mail route established from Caledonia in 1875, brought the mail until a post office was established June 20, 1877 in Newbui-gh in J. Halvor Bex'g's store and he was commissioned post­ master. The post office was discontinued Oct. 21, 1887. Berg was also one of the first county commissioners. (11, p. 241; 30, p. 45; 80) PICKERT: A rural post office was established Aug. 18, 1882, six miles west of Sherbrooke on Sec. 7-146-56 with James H. McLean, postmaster, who named it GRAIN, because huge grain fields sur­ rounded it. On June 22, 1883 the name was changed to PICKERT, with James A. Pickert, postmaster. The township was also named Pickert for the three Pickert brothers from New York, who owned nine sections of land, at this time, in this area. The Pickert post office was discontinued Sept. 21, 1900 and mail sent to Sherbrooke. (10, p. 778; 76; 80) PRIMROSE: A rural post office named for its township established Nov. 4, 1895 in the home of the postmaster, Gilbert K. Jordet on Sec. 7, where he had settled in 1885. The post office was discontinued April 18, 1899 and mail sent to Sherbrooke. The township was named by the settlers from Primrose, Dane County, Wise (31, p. 580; 76; 80) 298 SHARON: A rural post office named for its township was estab­ lished about 1886 in the farm home of P. T. Duncan; and his wife was appointed postmaster. The township was named by settlers from Sharon, Wise, and other original stockholders in the Sharon-Amenia Land Co. In 1896 the Great Northern R. R. was extended from Hope to Aneta, in Nelson County and the present site of Sharon in Sec. 26 was platted and the post office established there retaining its name Sharon. The village incorporated in 1909. (10, p. 785; 15, Sept. 1906, p. 44; 80) SHERBROOKE: Named for its township, which was named for a province of Quebec, Canada, which was named for Lt. Gen. Sir. John C. Sherbrooke, G.C.B. of the city of Quebec, who took a prominent part in the Hudson Bay-Northwestern Co. controversies in Canada in the early part of the 19th century. Sherbrooke was founded by D. P. Baldwin of Hope. It was platted in Oct. 1884. The post office was established Aug. 24, 1885 with Matthew Cavanaugh, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 15, 1919 and mail sent to Hope. When Sherbrooke was founded on Sec. 18, a proposed railroad was to be constructed through this townsite, but it never materialized. But being in the exact center of the county. Sherbrooke was designated the county seat until by special election Nov. 5, 1918 Finley was the selected site, and became the county seat Dec. 16, 1918. (10, p. 786; 22, 6/30/57; 80) SPAIN: Frank Stevens was commissioned postmaster June 12, 1888 of a post office which was to be established in his farm home but was never in operation. Why he chose Spain for its name is not known. (80) TARA: An inland settlement on Sec. 5-148-56 on the east side of the North Branch of the Goose River. The post office was established June 25, 1890 with Samuel Saisburg, postmaster; discontinued March 25, 1898 and mail sent to Nebro. Origin of the name not known. (80)

STUTSMAN COUNTY ALBION: A rural post office established Feb. 13, 1885 in the home of the first postmaster, Fredrick B. Faucher; discontinued Dec. 16, 1896 and mail sent to Fried. Named for Albion, Mich., former home of J. J. Eddy, local farmer settling here in 1879 and county commis­ sioner 1884 to 1893 and then elected sheriff. (38, vol. 1, no. 11, p. 18, 80) ALSOP: Established in 1875 and said to have been named for H. W. Alsop. More likely it was named for his elder brother, C. R. Al- sop, a civil and mechanical engineer of the N.P.R.R. in the 1860's, who ran the preliminary survey of the railroad's Red River crossing some miles north of Fargo, later had charge of the railroad's Brainerd shops, 299 built a sidewheel steamboat and. had it sawed in two for flatcar ship­ ment to Moorhead in 1376. He was joined next year by his brother in the Alsop Bros. Red River Freight Line, which operated the Steam­ boats Pluck and H. W. Alsop and a string of barges until the firm failed in 1883. When the stations Cleveland, two miles west and Windsor, two miles east were established in 1882, Alsop was discon­ tinued. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 73) ARCTIC: See PARKHURST. ARROWHEAP PARK: This park on the east side and the migratory refuge on the western shore are named for the lake which they border. It is the largest of three lakes through which the James River flows. Before white settlement the Indians came here from great distances to obtain Juneberry shoots for their arrowshafts. A post office was established Aug. 23, 1887 with George F. Ai'mstrong, postmaster; dis­ continued Aug. 16, 1893 and mail sent to Kensal. (20, p. 200; 28, p. 29; 80) ATWILL: A pioneer day post office established Sept. 28, 1883. It was named by E. A. Webb for his friend, the first postmaster, Clar­ ence F. Atwill. Webb came west from Baltimore, Md., in 1880, look­ ing for land, and took a job soliciting subscriptions and job work for the Fargo Argus, because it gave him opportunity to look over the country. It was not long before Atwill came from the east and joined him. Each filed on two quarters of land 14 miles south of James­ town. There Webb established the post office in Sec. 12 of Severn Twp. It operated until March 2, 1895 when it was discontinued and mail sent to Montpelier. ( 48, vol. 73, no. 8, p. 9; 80) BARNETT: A short-lived post office established Feb. 16, 1903 with Martin Albrecht discontinued Aug. 31, 1907 and mail sent to Gray. Origin of the name Barnett not know. (80) BERNER: A loading station on the N.P.R.R. in Midway Twp. SEy, Sec. 30-140-64. Origin of the name not known. BLOOM: An elevator loading station on the N.P.R.R. in Bloom Twp. Sec. 27, which was named in appreciation of the wild prairie flowers in bloom at the time it was constructed. (73) BLOOMENFIELD: A rural post office in Germania Twp., estab­ lished Feb. 28, 1898 with Henry Odenbach, postmaster; discontinued March 2, 1906 and mail sent to Streeter. Origin of name not known. (80) BUCHANAN: Both the village and its township were named for the Buchanan brothers, John and James A., who came from Rio, Wise in 1879 and 1880, respectively, and bought and pre-empted land. The village of Buchanan was founded as RIO in 1879, but the post office 300 was not established here until Aug. 10, 1887, with James Buchanan, postmaster; the name was changed to Buchanan Sept. 6, 1894 when a post office by that name in Emmons County was discontinued. The Buchanan brothers were business associates and from their first land holdings as a nucleus the great Buchanan farms developed until 8,000 acres were under cultivation. (6, p. 236; 12, 3/13/43; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BURTON: See ELDRIDGE. CAMP SYKES: See JAMESTOWN. CAMP THOMAS: See JAMESTOWN. CLARE: Named by Mike Kinnane, a local settler for County Clare, Ireland, his former home. The post office was established Sec. 24, Paris Twp., April 14, 1904 with Martin B. Olson, postmaster; discon­ tinued Aug. 31, 1911 and mail sent to Pingree. (80) CLEMENTSVILLE: A Midland Continental Ry. station in Sec. 11 of Rose Twp., named for a Mr. Clements, an English stockholder in this railroad line. The post office was established April 12, 1904 with Frank L. Papstein, postmaster. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) CLEVELAND: Founded in June 1882 on Sec. 3, Stirton Twp. Named by early settlers for their former home, Cleveland, Ohio. The post office was established Sept. 21, 1882 with David Wirt, postmaster. Cleveland replaced a station two miles east that was established in 1875 known as Alsop. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 21; 73; 80) COMMUNITY: The name of this post office near Spiritwood Lake established July 6, 1918 with Mary G. Karr as postmaster was sug­ gested to the settlers in search of a suitable one and was approved by the Postal Dept. The post office was discontinued Feb. 2, 1925. (10, p. 734) (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) CORINNE: A post office and a township in the northeastern part of the county named for Dr. A. Langworthy's daughter, Belle Corinne. Dr. Langworthy came in 1882 from Bay City, Mich., to Jamestown, D. T. In 1884 he located his homestead five miles north of Courtenay. The Corinne post office was established in his home Feb. 26, of that year with Daniel A. Langworthy, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 9, 1393 and mail sent to Courtenay. (38, vol. 4, no. 5, p. 163; 80) COURTENAY: Named for its township. The townsite in Sees. 5 and 8 was purchased from John Reid by the Soo Line R. R. and plat­ ted in 1892; incorporated as a village in 1902. The name is that of a well-known English family and an English town as well. (38, vol. 4, no. 5, p. 161) 301 DEER LAKE: An inland post office named for the small lake west of it in Valley Spring Twp. near which it was established March 13, 1905 in the home of the postmaster Elwin L. Pendergast in Sec. 6 of Deer Lake Twp.; discontinued May 31, 1913 and mail sent to Buchan­ an. * (80) DON: It is thought by some residents, that Mrs. A. M. Burt, wife of the superintendent of the Dakota division of the N. P. R. R. named this station for the river Don in Russia. Some authorities, however, believe that it was named for Don S. Colb, who was the work train conductor, when the siding was constructed in 1905. (73) DONOVAN: A short-lived rural post office established July 21, 1882 with George W. Vennum, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 4, 1883. Ori­ gin of name or location not known. (80) DURHAM: See HORN. DURUM: A block station on the N.P.R.R. named for the durum or macaroni wheat first grown in North Dakota about the time the sid­ ing and loading station was built. (10, p. 738) EDMUNDS: A township and its post office established Nov. 23, 1885 with Caleb C. Cochran, postmaster, were both named by the Drs. Richmond (twin brothers) for their friend F. Edmunds, U. S. Senator, from their native state of Vermont. (76; 80) EIGHT SIDING: See SPIRITWOOD. ELDRIDGE: A Northern Pacific siding station constructed in 1872 on See 35-140-65 was known as TENTH SIDING, until 1879 when a station was established here named BURTON for the son of Charles Towne, superintendent of the railroad and part owner of the town- site. A post office was established here July 21, 1880 with Jerry Col­ lins, postmaster. To avoid confusion with another post office of a similar name in Dak. Terr., the post office name was changed to ELDRIDGE in 1880 for D. T. Eldridge of Davenport, Iowa, who de­ veloped the large Davenport Farm near the town. The townsite plat was filed Maj^ 3, 1880 under the name of Burton in the Register of Deeds records, but the post office established Sept. 20, 1880 with Henry Vessey, postmaster retained the name Eldridge. (11, p. 190; 73; 76; 80) ELEVENTH SIDING: See MEDINA. ESLER: A few miles north of Alkali Lake in Lynn Twp., a post of­ fice was established June 7, 1882 in the home of Alexander Esler; dis­ continued Sept. 29, 1906 and mail sent to Kensal. (80) FANCHER: A rural post office established in Gray Twp., Sept. 19, 1900 with Martha Arms, postmaster; discontinued May 15, 1909 and 302 mail sent to Wimbledon. Named for Frederick B. Fancher, who came to this area in 1881 from New York, farmed for several years, mean­ while he administered to other farm interests. In 1889 he was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention and was president of that body. That same year he organized Alliance Hail Ass'n. and in 1884 was elected State Insurance Commissioner, and in 1898 elected Gover­ nor of North Dakota. (6, p. 463; 38, vol. 1, no. 11, p. 19; 80) FORT CROSS: See JAMESTOWN- FORT SEWARD: See JAMESTOWN- FRIED: Named for the townsite owner, Peter V. Fried as was the township. The post office on Sec. 10 was established April 30, 1896 with Ida A. Fried, postmaster. (28, p. 49; 76; 80) GEM: See WOODWORTH. GER3ER: A township and its post office established April 24, 1900 in Sec. 30, were both named for George W. Gei'ber, an early resident and the first appointed postmaster. (80) GOLDWIN: This N.P.R.R. station in Sec. 5, Paris Twp. with a town- site of six blocks was platted by the State Center Land Co. and named RAMONA for the daughter of a friend. On Nov. 5, 1915 the name was changed to Goldwin when the post office was established with Hans Handevidt, postmaster. The name was suggested by W. H. Stripp, an early resident and has no local significance. The post of­ fice was discontinued Aug. 20, 1926. (73; 76; 80) GRAY: A colony from Toledo, Ohio headed by four Gray brothers, Lewey, George, John, and Harry, located 10 or 12 miles north of Jamestown in 1879 in what became known as the Gray Settlement. The Gray brothers were the first owners of land bordering Spiritwood Lake on the north and east. By 1381 they had established a mule and horse ranch. The townsite of Gray was plaited in the SWy, Sec. 31 of Gray Twp. A post office was established here Feb. 26, 1884 with Robert Lewis, postmaster. (11, p. 190; 28, p. 47; 80) HOMER: A Midland Continental R.R. station in the NE'/,, Sec. 19 Homer Twp. on the Homer Stock Farm owned by Russell R. Wright. The origin of the name Horner is not known. (28, p. 65) HORN: A rural post office originally named DURHAM for its town­ ship, established May 5, 1884 v/ith Eldridge F. Horn, postmaster. On Jan. 20, 1887 the name was officially changed to Horn. The post of­ fice was discontinued Aug. 9, 1893 and mail sent to Courtenay. The origin of the name Durham is not known. (80) HURNING: A loading station on the Midland Continental R. R. named for Ii. H. Hurning, city engineer of Jamestown when this sta­ tion was established. (10, p. 752) 303 HYLAND PARK: In the NWy, Sec. 30, Kensal Twp., is an area of platted land bordering Arrowwood Lake on the southeast established by W. C. Hyland. (28, p. 23) JAMESTOWN: Settlement began in 1872 at the N.P.R.R. crossing of the James River. The railroad records show that the station was named by Gen. T. L. Rosser, chief engineer of construction for the N.P.R.R. 'General Rosser was a Virginian and the location of this town on the James River prompted him to name it Jamestown after the similarly located town in his home state. On Nov. 26, 1871 Lieut. Stafford,. USA, established a camp here for protection of the railroad surveyors and engineers, who spent the winter here in order to be in readiness for work in the spring. It was known as CAMP SYKES, named for Col. George Sykes, 20th Inf., USA. It was at the foot of the bluff on the west side of the James River, now known as Capital Hill, and was under the direction of Civil Engineer, 0. A. Eckelson. Soldiers from Fort Ransom acted as guards. This supply camp's name v/as changed June 3, 1872 to CAMP THOMAS, for Capt. Thomas, the first in command. It became a military post Sept. 7, 1872, and named FORT CROSS by Major A. W. Edwards, Fargo editor, in honor of his Civil War commander, Col. Edward E. Cross, 5th Reg. New Hamp­ shire Inf., who was killed at the Battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. On Nov. 9, 1872, the name v/as changed to FORT SEWARD in honor of U. S. Senator Wm. H. Seward of New York state, who died the pre­ vious month. He was an early political opponent of slavery, Sec. of State in Lincoln's cabinet, purchaser of Alaska, and object of an as­ sassin's attack by a fellow-conspirator of John Wilkes Booth. His name was bestowed upon the fort by its commanding officer, Capt. Bates, son of Edward Bates, attorney-general in Lincoln's cabinet. This post took the place of Fort Ransom, which was abandoned in 1872, and some of the logs from Fort. Ransom were used for the con- sti'uction of the new fort. The frontier was moving rapidly westward and as a military post was no longer needed at this point, Fort Seward was abandoned on Sept. 30, 1877. The N.P.R.R. donated the old fort site to North Dakota for a state park in 1925. In the spring of 1872, the county was organized and a tent tov/n was commenced on the west side of the James River, and during the summer settlers and businessmen came to the community and a brisk trade was carried on with the 500 railroad workers and the three companies of soldiers stationed at the fort. A. W. Kelly, v/ho established a store in a tent in the summer of 1872 is credited with being the first permanent sett­ ler. He also was the first appointed postmaster Dec. 23, 1872. In the fall of 1872 the railroad company established a depot on the east side of the James River and most of the business places then moved to the east side. The real life of Jamestown commenced in 1878 when Ed- 304 ward Koffer re-surveyed the townsite for the railroad company and Anton Klaus bought a large part of the townsite and promoted its development. He is known as the father of Jamestown. (5, p. 528; 11, p. 189; 23, p. 5; 31, p. 6; 38, vol. 1, no. 11 & 12; 73; 80) JAMESTOWN JUNCTION: A Midland Continental R. R. junction a few miles southeast of Jamestown in the SWy4, Sec. 8 of Homer Twp. (28, p. 65) JENKINS: A short-lived rural post office established Aug. 26, 1904 in the home of the postmaster, William Jenkins; discontinued Jan. 25, 1905. (80) KARLOPOLIS: A rural post office established Sept. 12, 1889 with Thomas J. Young, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 28, 1894 and mail sent to Courtenay. Origin of the name is not known. (80) KENSAL: A Soo Line Ry. station named for its township is located in Sec. 12. The post office was established Aug. 16, 1893 with George F. Armstrong, postmaster. Kensal incorporated in 1908. There are two versions as to the origin of the name. It was named for an early surveyor of the county; it was named by local settlers for Kensale, a sporting town and watering place in County Cork, Ireland. (10, 758; 76; 80) KLOSE: A Midland Continental R. R. loading station in See 3 Syd­ ney Twp. on the August Klose farm. (28, p. 77) LAKEVIEW PARK: A platted area in the SWy, Sec. 19 of Lyon Twp. bordering the southwest shoreline of Jim Lake, established by A. L. Koltze, the land owner. MARSTONMOORE: See MARSTON. MARSTON: A post office named for its township MARSTON­ MOORE was established on the NEy, Sec. 26-142-69, April 2, 1904 with Ava C. Thomas, postmaster. The post office was located in the Rowe Lowe general merchandise store which burned to the ground, after which the post office was cared for by Frank A. Kelly on his cornering farm. When the railroad station was established near there on SEy, See 9-142-69, a store, elevator and hall were soon constructed and the site was named MARSTON. The post office operated until Dec. 12, 1912 when it was discontinued and mail sent to Woodworth. The town­ ship was named for Hugh Marston, an early settler on Sec. 32 and 33 where an extensive moor or strip of wet wasteland bordered the east and west side of Chicago Lake which became known as Marston's moor. (12, 3/11/58; 28, p. 8; 80) MEADOW: A post office was established at the present site of Me­ dina on Sees. 31 and 32, Flint Twp., Aug. 16, 1888 with Silas G. Guil­ ford, postmaster. The name is descriptive of the locale. (80) 305 MEDINA: This railroad station established in 1873 was known as ELEVENTH SIDING. In 1880 the name was changed to MIDWAY— so-called because according to early N.P.R.R. measurements, it was midway between the extreme eastern coast of th U. S. and the most western point of Alaska.- It was soon changed to Medina, derived from median (meaning middle) with the last two letters transposed. Others claim it was named for Medina, New York. Pronunciation of Medina was changed from long "i" to a short "i" in honor of Judge Harold Medina, who in 1949 became renowned while presiding at the trial and conviction of eleven members of the Communist Party. Judge Medina visited the town in Aug. 1956 when this honor was con­ ferred. (7, p. 285; 20, p. 272; 12, 8/14/56; 73; 80) MIDWAY: See MEDINA. MILLARTON: Established in 1912 in Sec. 21 Severn Twp. on the Midland Continental Ry. Named for a Mr. Miller, an English stock­ holder and officer of the railroad. A post office was established here June 24, 1913 with Charles E. Strock, postmaster. (10, 767; 76; 80) MONTPELIER: This N.P.R.R. station was platted in 1885 by J. J. Flint and B. W. Fuller of Jamestown and named for its township. It is located on Sees. 11 and 12. Vermont settlers named the township for the capital city of their home state. The post office was estab­ lished March 26, 1886 with Jacob Smith, postmaster. (10, p. 773; 80) NEWHOME: All the name implies. Also the name of an extensive valley in that area. A rural post office established May 27, 1899 in the home of the postmaster, Henry I. Heinrichs in the SWy, See 7 Conklin Twp.; discontinued Aug. 31, 1916 and mail sent to Sykeston. (10, p. 774; 28, p. 25; 80) NEW MINNEAPOLIS: By 1884, a townsite was platted in See 32 of Eldridge Twp. on the N.P.R.R. which failed to live up to the name the townsite promoters gave it. The site was soon abandoned. (11, p. 68) OSWEGO: A loading station on the N.P.R.R. midway of Windsor and Eldridge in Sec. 36, Windsor Twp. Thought to have been named by local land owners from Oswego County, New York. (28, p. 591; 11, p. 235; 28, p. 59) PARIS: Both the township and post office were named for the Paris School District; which was named by a Frenchman, a local resident known as Jandell, who established what became Spring Valley Ranch. His former home being near Paris, France, may or may not have been a factor in the naming. The Paris post office was established April 3, 1903 with Joseph E. Wiant, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1908 and mail sent to Clare. (80) 306 PARKHURST: A station on the N.P.R.R. named ARCTIC when es­ tablished in 1882 and renamed in August 1884 for A. G. Parkhurst, local pioneer. A post office was established here Sept. 22, 1882 with Henry Griffin, postmaster; discontinued May 5, 1900 and mail sent to Jamestown. The origin of the name Arctic, not known. (73; 80) PAST: A rural post office in Valley Spring Twp. established April 6, 1901 in the home of the postmaster, William H. Past; discontinued Sept. 30, 1902 and mail sent to Medina. (80) PHILLIPS SETTLEMENT: Named for two brothers, William and Ward Phillips, who were among the earliest settlers here on the Pipe- stem River in 1880. PINGREE: This N. P. Ry. station named for its township, was es­ tablished on Sec. 34. The township was named for Hazen Senter Pingree, who with a rack and wagon and a team of oxen came to this section of D. T. in 1880 to start a potato plantation. When the ven­ ture failed, he went to Detroit, Michigan, where he became a promi­ nent shoe manufacturer, was elected mayor of the city and served twice as governor of the state (1897-1900). Another record shows this small station on the line of the Jamestown and Northern R. R. was platted in 1880 by John Alden, who named it for David Pingree, an early local land owner from Salem, Mass. The post office was es­ tablished Oct. 26, 1882 with Daniel Piercy, postmaster. Pingree was incorporated as a village in 1917. (7, p. 205; 76; 80)

PRAIRIE: A descriptive name for a rural post office established Feb. 17, 1900 in Sec. 2, Deer Lake Twp. with Mary C. Chadduck, post­ master; discontinued Aug. 14, 1909. (28, p. 52; 80) RAMONA: See GOLDWIN. REEVES: An elevator station on the N.P.R.R. in the NWy, Sec. 13 Homer Twp. named for Bud Reeves, active in state politics and was one of the leaders in the drive for funds to support the schools. He collected large sums of money from heads of Minneapolis grain firms. (7, p. 191, 201; 28) RIO: See BUCHANAN. ROKIWAN CAMP: A boys' camp established in 1923 on eight acres along the northwest shore of Spiritwood Lake, purchased by the Jamestown Rotary and. Kiwanis Clubs. It is a coined place name from (RO)tary and (KIWAN)is. (10, p. 783) SEABORN: A rural post office established Sept. 14, 1907 in the home of the postmaster Thomas Seaborn, Sec. 12, Wadsworth Twp.; discon­ tinued Dec. 21, 1912 and mail sent to Woodworth. (80) 307 SHARLOW: A pioneer day post office named for its township es­ tablished April 13, 1884 with Newton M. Brown, postmaster; discon­ tinued June 15, 1910. The township was named for James L. Sharlow, who with his several brothers emigrated from Davenport, Iowa in 1881 and developed a bonanza farm here. (10, p. 785; 80) SPIRITWOOD: Originally known as EIGHT SIDING when it was constructed by the N.P.R.R. in 1873. The name was changed to Spirit­ wood in 1879 when the townsite was platted on Sees. 22 and 15 of Spir­ itwood Twp. by B. S. Russel, Tyler Adams and C. D. Francis. This village had its beginning with the operations of the Spiritwood Farm, one of the largest bonanza farms, started here under the management of Cuyler Adams. The village was named for the fann and the farm was named for the lake, 16 miles northwest, known to the Sioux In­ dian as Minneskaya (water with the foam on top), about which there is a legend of an Indian maiden, Minneawawa, who plunged into the waters to join her lover slain in battle on the lake shore, her spirit continuing to frequent the place. The Spiritwood post office was established June 19, 1879 with Charles D. Francis, postmaster. (20, p. 269; 21; 73; 80) SPRING GROVE: A platted park area with native trees and spring water bordering the north shore of Spiritwood Lake in the NWy, Sec. 3.1. It is also known as STUTSMAN COUNTY MEMORIAL PARK. (28, p. 47) SPRING VALLEY: A descriptive name of the location of the rural post office in Strong Twp. established May 27, 1903 with George H. Putnam, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1910 and mail sent to Me­ dina. ' (80) STREETER: Settlment began in 1904; incorporated as a village in 1914. The post office was established March 2, 1906 v/ith Alix Ander- sou, postmaster. There are several versions as- to the origin of its name: (1) Named for its township, which was named for Col. Darwin R. Streeter, a prominent early day legislator from-Emmons County; (2) Named for J. B. Streeter, townsite owner, real estate dealer and local farmer; (3) The Smith Land Co., which owned and platted the townsite on Sec! 26 named it for Streater, 111., former home of the company's president. Due to an error the spelling has been changed to Streeter. (6, p. 104; 10, p. 788; 73; 76; 80) STUTSMAN COUNTY MEMORIAL PARK: See SPRING GROVE.

SYDNEY: A townsite of 15 blocks v/as platted in 1912 on the Midland Continental R. R. in Sec. 33 of Sydney Twp., named for Sydney, Nebr., by a local landowner and former railroad employe. The post 308 office was established Aug. 26, 1913 with Ludwig H. Lewis, postmast­ er. (11, p. 236; 76; 80) TARBELL: A rural post office named for J. R. Tarbell, who with his family settled at the junction of the James River and Beaver Creek in 1880, where the post office was established July 25, 1881 with E. A. Tarbell, postmaster; discontinued April 26, 1886 and mail sent to Montpelier. (11, p. 190; 80) TENTH SIDING: See ELDRIDGE.

VASHTI: Rev. Levi Jarvis, a retired Methodist minister homestead­ ed the land in See 19 of Pipestem Valley Twp. on which the townsite was platted in 1910 and named for his wife Mollie Vashti Jarvis. The name is of Biblical origin, appearing in the book of Esther. Rev. Jar­ vis was active in inducing relatives and friends from Iowa to settle in North Dakota. The post office was established in Vashti Aug. 11, 1916 with Peter H. Boileau, postmaster. (73; 76; 80)

WINDSOR: This N.P.R.R. townsite platted in 1882 in Sec. 32 of Windsor Twp. The name was suggested by that of Windsor, Ont., there is a rise of 300 ft. which marks the division between the Central Lowland and the . It is also on record that it was named by G. A. Jeffrey, townsite proprietor, for his former home, Windsor, Ont. And that it was named for H. H. Windsor, St. Paul, Minn., printer of early N.P.R.R. schedules. The post office was estab­ lished Nov. 5, 1883 with George W. Nash, postmaster. (10, p. 793; 7, p. 285; 11, p. 190; 76; 80 WOODWORTH: Originally named GEM, why or by whom is not known; its post office was established Nov. 11, 1905 with Dallas L. Draper, postmaster. The station established here on Sec. 4, Strong Twp. in 1911 was named for J. G. Woodworth, traffic manager and vice president of the N.P.R.R,; incorporated as a village in 1916. The post office was established Aug. 4, 1911 with Hans J. Hanson, post­ master. (10, p. 784; 73; 80)

YPSILANTI: Named for its township, which was named by eaiiy settlers from Michigan for their home state city of that name. The townsite was staked out on Sec. 7 by Wm. Hartley Colby, who came from Ypsilanti, Mich., which was named in honor of Demetrius Ypsi- lanti, the Greek revolutionary patriot. The post office was estab­ lished May 29, 1882 with Wm. Ii. Colby, postmaster. In 1879 H. E. El­ liott, "Cap" as he was known to his friends, v/as the first-homesteader in this area, followed by August Gussman, John Powers and George Foraninl880. (33, p. 8; 73; 80) 309 TOWNER COUNTY ANTWERP: A rural post office in the east central section of the county, where the half-breeds crossed the trail from the Turtle Mountains to the Red River Valley. It was established May 8, 1901 with Peter Geyer, postmaster; discontinued July 31, 1907 and mail sent to Saginaw. Named by an early settler for Antwerp, Belgium, on the Schelde River. (80) ARMOURDALE: A post office named for its township was estab­ lished on the NWy, Sec. 7, April 24, 1900 in the farm home of the postmaster, Daniel M. Armour. It was moved Aug. 20, 1904 to his brother Angus' home. The township was named for the Angus Ar­ mour, Sr., family, early settlers here. When the Soo Line reached this point, a shipping station was constructed but the post office was discontinued Dec. 15, 1902 and mail sent to Elsberry. (19, vol. 13, no. 2; 80) ARNDT: A rural post office on the NEy, Sec. 1-159-67, named for for William Arndt, a local homesteader, was established Oct. 1, 1896 with Richard Enly, postmaster. Some time later it was moved, one mile west to the Enly home; discontinued Aug. 9, 1904 and mail sent to Crocus. Arndt is now but a Soo Line siding with a loading plat­ form in Gerrard Twp. (52; 80) BALTON: A rural post office established May 8, 1901 in the home of the postmaster, Moses S. Peters; discontinued April 2, 1906 and mail sent to Rocklake. Named after the Bolton Hotel in the state of Ohio by the postmaster's wife,—changing the "o" in the first syllable of the name to an "a", thus rendering the name Balton. (80)

BEMENT: A station about three miles northwest of Bisbee on the Great Northern R. R. No other data available. BESTQN: A post office established May 5, 1898 in the home of the postmaster, Charles P. Beston; long since discontinued. (80) BISBEE: This is a station at the junction of the main line of the Soo R. R. and the branch line of the Great Northern R. R. The early sett­ lers of this community were served by the HANSON post office es­ tablished in 1886 on the farm of Henry Hanson, three miles south of the present site of Bisbee, to which mail was brought by horseback from Devils Lake, until the Great Northern branch line reached here and the post office was moved to Bisbee, Nov. 6, 1888 with John K. Aanes, postmaster. The post office name was changed to Bisbee March 29, 1890. The townsite name Bisbee was selected by vote of the settlers, for Col. A. Bisbee, Civil War veteran, a pioneer, who kept a "half-way" house two miles south. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) 310 BRUMBAUGH: A. station on the branch line of the Soo Railroad, named for N. G. Brumbaugh, president of Juniata College, Hunting­ ton, Pa. The post office v/as established Nov. 29, 1905; discontinued Dec. 31, 1910 and mail sent to Rocklake. Brumbaugh was abandoned by 1930. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) CANDO: The naming of Cando is recorded as follows: County Com­ missioners P. T. Parker, H. C. Davis and John S. Conyers met Feb. 14, 1884 and selected the site of Cando for a county seat, which was confirmed at the fall election. Choice of a name for the town was left to a later meeting. Meanwhile opposition to the chosen site grew. Another commissioners meeting was called in the small farm home of W. E. Pew. J. W. Connella, speaking for the dissatisfied Big Cou­ lee residents shouted, "You can't do this. It's illegal. It's against the wishes of the majority. It's not within the pov/er of the commis­ sioners." Chairman Parker answered, "Now gentlemen, several names have been suggested. There has been much talk about our not having power to locate this county seat where we see fit. But we'll show you that we can do -it. And furthermore, just to show what we can do, we'll name this county seat Can-do." The post office was es­ tablished March 31, 1884 with Guy W. Germond, postmaster. The townsite was owned and platted in November, 1886 by J. A. Percival of Devils Lake. (Turtle Mountain Star, 6/23/38, p. 21; 38, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 73; 80) CECIL: A rural post office in the southwestern part of the county, established Feb. 25, 1887 with Uriah Cecil Miller, postmaster. Long since discontinued. Either the county boundary lines have changed or the post office was moved into Pierce county as indicated on some maps. (80) CLARENA: A rural post office established June 25, 1890 with George F. Elsberry, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 18, 1892 and mail sent to Rolla. Origin of name not known. (80) CONSIDINE: A rural post office in Ideal Township, on SEy, Sec. 27 named for Martin Considine, local pioneer; established July 5, 1902 with George D. Levitte, postmaster; discontinued Jufy 15, 1911 and mail sent to Cando. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80)" COOLIN: An unconfirmed story is: this place was a trading post, where Coolin LaCrosse operated an inn or slopping place on Sec. 6-157-65 at this cross-road of the trail from Turtle Mis., to Churchs Ferry or Devils Lake and that "Coolin" is an abbreviation of "coulee inn." Another version of the origin of the name: it was named for two brothers, John and David Coolin, in whose store the post office was later established March 17, 1884 with Albert S. Gibbens, post­ master. Another record shows the post office was established in the 311 home of the postmaster Gibbens; discontinued for a while, then re­ established May 2, 1891 with Wm. McGee, postmaster; discontinued July 15, 1910 and mail sent to Garske. (80) CROCUS: This village on the SW>/4 Sec. 3-160-66 at a railroad load­ ing platform was named for the pasque flower, (commonly but in­ correctly called "crocus") which grows profusely on the prairie in early spring. The post office was established June 21, 1898 with Solomon Henricks, postmaster. The railroad loading platform was removed in 1954. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) DASH: A post office named for its township was established in the farm home of the postmaster, William E. Williams, June 21, 1890; discontinued Jan. 15, 1906 and mail sent to Sarles. The choice of the township name seems to have been purely incidental by the organi­ zers compromising on the name of a famous rabbit-chasing dog, owned by one of the settlers. (The Cando Herald, 5/16/35, p. 1; 80; Dana Wright, St. John, 11/1/59) DUNKER COLONY: The first colony of Dunkards in North Dakota were brought here, to the vicinity of Cando in 1894, by the N.P.R.R. in their program of colonization. Elder Peters from Walkerton, Ind., a member of the colony preceded the colony in. 1893. Officially the German Baptist Brethren, the sect originated in Germany in 1708. They began coming to Pennsylvania shortly afterward, whence they spread westward. Their shorter name derives from their baptismal rites and from the German, "tunken," to dip. (38, vol. 1, no. 12, pp. 14-15) EGELAND: In 1894 Rasmus Rasmussen, Sr., homesteaded the land which became this townsite in 1905, selected by Alex Egeland, Bis­ bee banker and townsite agent for the Soo Line R. R. The post office was established Aug. 23, 1905 with John M. Borgerson, postmaster. With the prospect that Egeland would be a railroad junction, it be­ came a "boom town," and incorporated Oct. 18, 1905. (Towner County Record Herald, vol 65, no. 24, p. 1; 76; 80) ELLISON: A post office v/as established in Teddy Twp., Sec. 6, Oct. 23, 1899 with Harry H. Horner, postmaster; discontinued A.ug. 31, 1912 and mail sent to Rocklake. Named for Thomas H. Ellison, an early settler. (80) ELSBEERY: A station named for George F. Elsberry, a local pioneer. The post office was established Jan. 10, 1906 with Albert L. Tennis, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1918 and mail sent to Rocklake. (80) FERNWOOD: A short-lived post office established Feb. 9, 1905 with William B. Underwood, postmaster; discontinued April 2, 1906 and mail sent to Hansboro. The name is a combination of Fernyhough 312 and Underwood, names of families in this vicinity, which is a few miles west of Hansboro. (1/4/60, Mrs. B. H. Hadler, Long Beach, Calif.; 80) GLEASON: A rural post office established Nov. 3, 1888 in. the home of Charles W. Gleason, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 25, 1893. (80) HANSBORO: A port of entry to Canada established in 1905 on the SWy, Sec. 7-163-67; named for Henry Clay Hansbrough, the first Rep­ resentative (1889-91) to Congress from North Dakota and then U. S. Senator (1891-1909). He was also a pioneer editor and first mayor of Devils Lake. The post office v/as established Nov. 11, 1905 with Alexander Messer, postmaster. (7, p. 203; 10, p. 749; 76; 80) HANSON: See BISBEE. HYLAND: A post office established Jan. 10, 1903 in the store oper­ ated by Julius C. Syfford on Sec. 8, Twin Hill Twp.; discontinued Nov. 30, 1905 and mail sent to Crocus. The store was moved to Egeland. The name is just another way of saying "high land." (80) JARVIS: A Great Northern loading station named for Joseph Jarvis a local pioneer of 1872. LA CROSSE: See COOLIN. LAKEVIEW: This post office with a descriptive name of its loca­ tion in Victor Twp. See 11 was established June 26, 1903 in John M. Borgenson store; discontinued Aug. 23, 1905 when the store and post office were moved to Egeland. (80) LEWIS: An inland post office supposedly named for James S. Lewis, a well-known pioneer, was established Jan. 10, 1895 with Emily Vin- ter, postmaster; discontinued May 26, 1899 and mail sent to Arndt. (80) MAZA: It is thought to have been named for Maza Chante, a Sioux chief, known as Indian Heart in the Minnesota Indian Wars. In 1879 he operated a ranch and mail stage station at the junction of five roads at the south end of Devils Lake, on Sec. 8-151-66. The town of Maza was established in 1888 by settlers from Illinois, Wisconsin and Canada, who came to this area in 1883. The post office was estab­ lished Jan. 16, 1893 with Lewis J. Ransier, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1922. (19, vol. 13, no. 1 & 2, p. 86; 80) NEWVILLE: Several years before the townsite was established, a post office named. Newville, four miles southeast served the com­ munity. After the Soo Line R. R. townsite was platted, the post of­ fice moved to it Sept. 5, 1905 with Lorenzo W. Strong, postmaster and the name was retained. Origin of the name not known. (76; 80) OLMSTEAD: A colony from Olmstead County, Minnesota came in 1882 and settled in this Victor Twp. area. The townsite was named 313 for Albert A. Olmstead, who homesteaded on NEy, Sec. 6 and was the first postmaster Sept. 20, 1905. The post office was discontinued Nov. 14, 1925 and mail sent to Egeland. (1, p. 1,088; 10,'p. 776; 80) PASHA: A Soo Line loading station about six miles south of Ar- mourdale. Origin of name unknown. PERTH: A station on the St. John branch of the G.N,R,R, estab­ lished in 1897; incorporated as a village in 1905. Named for Perth, Ontario, Canada, the former home of Robert J. Laird, the townsite owner and the postmaster of the earlier post office established here in his home July 23, 1889. (38, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 91; 76; 80) PICTON: A rural post office in the northwest corner of the county established Oct. 15, 1887 with Richard J. Cowan, postmaster; discon­ tinued April 15, 1912 and mail sent to Rolla. Supposedly named by Eben Young, an early settler from Picton, Nova Scotia; which was also the birthplace of the postmaster. (38, 1, no. 1, p. 22; 80) ROCKLAKE: This rural village was founded on the shore of the lake bearing this name. The post office v/as established Feb. 28, 1898 with Wilber Johnson, postmaster. This narrow, fresh-water lake was named by French explorers, Lac des Roches, (lake of the rocks) on account of the accumulation of rocks on its shores. Rocklake became a railroad station in 1905; incorporated as a village in 1906. (10, 783; 20, p. 199; 76; 80) ROSED ALE: A rural post office in the northeast section of the county was established Sept. 16, 1901 with Edward N. Huffman, post­ master; discontinued Feb. 28, 1906 and mail sent to Ellison. Origin of its name not known. (80) SAGINAW: An inland post office a few miles south of Rock Lake established Jan. 8, 1900 with Spencer W. Stout, postmaster; discontin­ ued May 31, 1908 and mail sent to Rocklake. Named for Saginaw, Mich., the former home of the postmaster. (80) SIDNEY: A post office established Aug. 30, 1887 on the homestead of the first postmaster, James Dunphy, was named by him for his birthplace, Sidney, Nova Scotia; discontinued April 2, 1906 and mail sent to Hansboi-o. (38, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 17; 80) SNYDER: A rural post office in Crocus Twp. on the south shore of Snyder Lake Feb. 18, 1886 with Judge Jared Snyder, postmaster; dis­ continued Oct. 22, 1890. The lake also was named for Judge Snyder. (1/4/60, Mrs. B. H. Hadler, Long Beach, Calif.) WILLDO: A post office four miles south of Egeland, established March 31, 1890 in Paulson Twp. Sec. 14 with Adolphus Evenden, postmaster; named by the settlers of the area, who met to decide the 314 name and used the name of the county seat, Cando, as a guide—not as an irritant. (Towner County Record Herald, vol. 65, no. 27, p. 1; 80) ZION: A Dunkard settlement, ten miles west of Cando, named for its township. A Biblical name was given the township in which the German Baptist Brethren Church was established. A small village sprung up about this church and a post office was established July 1, 1899 with John R. Peters, postmaster; discontinued March 31, 1921 and mail sent to Cando. (5/16/35, p. 1; The Cando Herald; 80)

TRAILL COUNTY ALHALSTEAD: The name is derived from that of the land owner, A. C. Ulland, where a post office was established Dec. 7, 1892 on the SWy, Sec. 27, Mayville Twp., with Frank A. West, postmaster; dis­ continued April 25, 1898 and mail sent to Blanchard. This site is now a Great Northern R. R. siding and loading station known as MUR­ RAY. (80) ALTON: A bonanza farm station established in the early 1890s by the Great Northern Rwy., on Sec. 35, Hillsboro Twp., when a spur track was built to Clark S. Dalrymple's 2,000 acre farm, to load the wheat produced there, directly from the machines. The station was named for his only son Alton; so too was the farm. In 1883 Dal- rymple came from the east and entered the employ of his brother and uncle, as assistant superintendent of their 15,000 acres known as the Grandin farms in Cass and Traill Counties. This land was bought with discredited Northern Pacific R. R. bonds that sold for 10 and 20 cents on the dollar. Such farms were opened up as an experiment and advertisement to attract settlers. They were a great success and became a bonanza to their owners and led to an era of big farms in North Dakota. (1, p. 1232; 21) AMES: A Great Northern R. R. station a mile or so southeast of Portland Junction named for Francis W. Ames, from Hartford, Conn., one of the first resident attorneys in Traill County. In Oct., 1881, he established a real estate and land office at Caledonia, removed to May­ ville five years later, where he was vice president and charter stock holder in its First National Bank and always took a pi'ominent part in the growth and development of Traill County and its surrounding country during his long residence there. (1, p. 577) BELMONT or BELLMQNT: A ghost town, which in the 1870s was a booming river port known as FROG POINT, the head of navigation on the Red River and the site of a Hudson's Bay Company post. Sev­ eral stories have been told as to the origin of its name, Frog Point, which credit Samuel Painter, one of the first Red River pilots with 315 the naming. One version is — that in the summer of 1860, while he was enroute to Ft. Walla Walla, Wash., with a party of 300 soldiers, they made camp here after crossing the Red River into Dakota Terr., and when they took their horses down to water them that evening, they found the shore so covered with frogs they could scarcely take a step without treading on them. Next morning before leaving, they drove two stakes into the ground at this point and nailed a slab of wood to them bearing the words, "Frog Point" as a guide post for the steamboat pilots. But whatever the origin, through the rise and fall of this second oldest town in the county, the name stuck and was printed on maps and in books, even after Hudson's Bay Post was es­ tablished here in 1871 with Walter S. Traill, Chief Clerk in charge and A. H. Morgan, hotel and station keeper for the stage line. Traill was appointed postmaster of Frog Point post office established March 6, 1872 and remained in charge of the trading post until 1875 when it was leased to Robert Ray and his brother David, who purchased the site and buildings from Hudson's Bay Co. In the summer of 1880, they laid out a town into six blocks and named it Belmont. The post office department maintains the town's name is Bellmont rather than Belmont and was changed from Frog Point, Aug. 20, 1879, when Ro­ bert Ray was postmaster. It is thought to have been named for Bel­ mont, Ontario; others claim it v/as named for Belle Mont, the attrac­ tive daughter of Frog Point's bartender; this is denied by the Ray brothers' descendants. Navigation conditions changed on the Red River in the 1880s because of the fall of the river level; the trading post was discontinued; the St. Paul, Mpls. & Manitoba R. R. by-passed Belmont 12 miles to the west and then the stage line was discontinued; fire wiped out many of the buildings. In the 1890s with the river level up, the town revived somewhat, but again faded into a ghost town. (11, pp. 210, 253; 19, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 205; 22, 1/5/58, p. 8; 38, vol. 1, no. 8, p. 20) BLANCHARD: Platted in 1880 on Sec. 25-145-52, soon after the com­ pletion of the Mayville branch of the St. P., Mpls. & Manitoba Rwy. Named for S. S. Blanchard, an early settler and owner of the town- site. The post office was established Nov. 29, 1880 with Douglas Ro­ bertson, postmaster. Blanchard bought two sections of land in this area in 1878 from his brother-in-law, J. L. Grandin, Boston, Mass., banker and bonanza farm owner for 50c an acre, which ten years la­ ter sold for $12.50 per acre. The Blanchard Farm extended over 3,000 acres. (11, p. 210; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 21; 80) BLOOMFIELD: A rural post office named STONY POINT estab­ lished June 20, 1877 in the home of the postmaster Rev. Jonas Ost- lund, near the south bank of Goose River on Sec. 33-146-51, where he 316 settled June 20, 1871. The name was changed to Bloomfield March 24, 1879. The name is descriptive, suggested to Rev. Ostlund by the view he had all summer of his fields and the prairies where so many wild flowers bloomed. Rev. Ostlund was the first resident minister in Traill County. He v/as also one of the first county commissioners. The post office was discontinued July 10, 1882. (11, p. 252; 80) BUXTON: Named by Budd Reeve, the founder and townsite owner, in honor of his friend and business associate, Thomas J. Buxton, bank­ er and city treasurer of Minneapolis, Minn. On completion of the St. P., Mpls. & Manitoba (now the G.N.R.R.) to this point Budd Reeve platted the townsite in Nov., 1880 on Sec. 25-148-51, erected an ele­ vator, hotel and several business blocks-. The post office was estab­ lished Nov. 8, 1880 with Arne A. Moen, postmaster. (11, p. 253; 38, vol. 1, no. 8, p. 20; 80) CALEDONIA: Originally known as GOOSE RIVER post office for it was near the Goose River. The post office was established Nov. 2, 1871 with George E. Weston, postmaster, who settled here in 1870, and operated a Hudson Bay Company Post for a time. In 1871 Asa Sargeant and C. M. Clark purchased this trading post and erected the first buildings here, founding the first town in the county. The post office name v/as changed to GOOSE RAPIDS April 22, 1872 with Asa Sargeant, postmaster. So named for its nearness to the rapids of the Goose River at the junction of the Red River. When Traill County was organized Feb. 23, 1875 Goose Rapids was designated the county seat and remained so until 1890, when changed to Hillsboro by vote. Goose Rapids was renamed Caledonia on July 8, 1875 for its township, which was named for Caledonia County, Vermont, the former home of Asa Sargeant and other early settlers. George E. Watson was commissioned postmaster of the Caledonia post office. The plat of Caledonia on Sec. 15 was filed Aug. 8, 1875. (38, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 18-19; 80) CLIFFORD: A Great Northern R. R. station on Sees. 27-28 Norman Twp., in the southwest corner of the county, established in 1881 and believed to be named for Clifford F. Jacobs of Hillsboro who helped promote the town. Andrew Swaren and his brother George erected the first building on the townsite in 1882. The post office was estab­ lished in it Feb. 15, 1883 with George Swaren, postmaster. (11, p. 253; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) COMSTOCK: See HILLSBORO. CUMINGS: See CUMMINGS. CUMMINGS: Platted by F. L. Comfort in 1880 on Sec. 30 of Irvine Twp., and named for Henry Cumings, a Great Northern Rwy. em- 317 ployee at the time the rails were laid here. The post office was es­ tablished Oct. 9, 1882 with Dow B. Wilbur, postmaster. The name of the post office was CUMINGS with one "m", but the name was so consistently misspelled that the Post Office Dept. legitimized the doubling of this letter March 15, 1922 when Burnett L. Meyers was postmaster. (20, p. 189; 38, vol. 1, no. 8, p. 20; 80) DUANE: A rural post office, a few miles east of Hillsboro, estab­ lished Sept. 10, 1894 with Theodora M. Hurley, postmaster; discontin­ ued Jan. 1, 1904 and mail sent to Hillsboro. It was named for Harry Duane Hurley. (76; 80) DURHAM: A rural post office in T. 147 - R. 53 established Jan. 26, 1880 with Frank H. Tappen, postmaster; discontinued March 10, 1881. The postmaster named it for his sister, Mrs. Durham. (80) ELM RIVER: See QUINCY. ENGER: A post office was established July 15, 1910 with Mrs. Bella Halland, postmaster, in the general merchandise store which was operating at the junction station of the Great Northern Rwy., a few miles north of Portland. It was named for Fingal G. Enger, who with two companions came to the Goose River country in March 1872 and located claims. When he was not homesteading, Enger found employ­ ment on the Red River steamers and in freighting overland for the Hudson's Bay Co. The Enger post office site is also referred to as the PORTLAND JUNCTION. It was discontinued Dec. 15, 1912 and mail sent to Mayville. (1, p. 931; 47, vol. 2, p. 25; 76; 80) EYERSVILLE: A rural post office established Nov. 8, 1880 with J. C. Eyers, postmaster; discontinued April 11, 1881 and mail sent to Casselton. (76; 80) FORK: Another rural post office of short duration established Dec. 2, 1879 with Even Larson, postmaster; discontinued March 16, 1881. Location or origin of name not known. (80) FROG POINT: See BELMONT. GALESBURG: A St. P., Mpls. & Manitoba Rwy. (now G.N.R.R.) station in the southwest corner of Norman Twp., (later divided and the south half named Galesburg Twp.) named for J. H. Gale, who owned and platted the site in 1883. The post office was established Aug. 3, 1882 with Joseph S. Kemp, postmaster. The village organized in 1885. (38, vol. 1, no. 8, p. 20; 80) GOOSE RAPIDS: See CALEDONIA. GOOSE RIVER: See CALEDONIA. 318 GREENFIELD STATION: See WEIBLE.

HAGUE: A farm station near the Red River on Sec. 25-145-49 where a post office was established March 31, 1882 and discontinued Dec. 31, 1900 and mail sent to Halstad, Minn. Named for J. R. Hague, who from 1876-1883 was general manager of the Grandin Bros, bonanza wheat farm in Traill County and bordering counties, consisting of 40,000 acres, the largest wheat farm in the world. Hague was also general agent for the steamboat line and elevator company owned by the Grandin Bros. Later he became co-owner of the Hague and Brady Farm of three sections, a few miles northwest of Hague. (11, p. 253; 80) HARTSLAND: A rural post office established May 20, 1879 with Ole N. Sunby, postmaster; discontinued May 5, 1880. No other data avail­ able. (80) HATTON: Named for Frank Hatton, Third Ass't. Postmaster Gen­ eral in U. S. Pres. Benjamin Harrison's cabinet, when the post office was established Dec. 19, 1881 with Lawrence O. Fisk, postmaster. This postmaster general established a Hatton post office in nearly every state in the union while in office, and was the father of the special delivery stamps. The townsite was platted by the Great Northern R. R. surveyors in 1885 on Sec. 18, Garfield Twp., Hatton incorporated as a city in 1905. (10, p. 749; 20, p. 197; 80)

HILL CITY: See HILLSBORO.

HILLSBORO: Originally known as HILL CITY for it was estab­ lished on the hill west of the present site. When the Great Northern R. R. reached here from Grand Forks on Sept. 14, 1880, S. G. Com­ stock and White, in charge of townsites along this road, platted the station townsite along the south bank of the Goose River, on See 5- 14-5-50 and named it COMSTOCK. The post office was established Sept. 14, 1880 with Asa H. Morgan, postmaster; succeeded in 1885 by his cousin Manly Morgan. On Aug. 12, 1881 the village name was of­ ficially changed to Hillsboro, to honor James J. Hill, the "Empire Builder" of the Great Northern Rwy. Hillsboro organized as a city May 1, 1882 and was designated the county seat in 1890. (Hillsboro Banner, 6/28/56; 38, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 14, 20; 80) KELSO: A Great Northern R. R. station established in 1880. The townsite on Sec. 5 was platted along the south bank of the Elm River; named for its township, which is thought to have been named for Kel­ so, Missouri. The post office was established Feb. 1, 1882 with Au­ gustine L. Wentworth, postmaster and original owner of the town- site. (10, p. 758; 37, vol. 2, p. 236; 38, vol. 1, no. 8, p. 21; 76; 80) 319 LITTLE FORK: A rxiral post office of short duration was established May 27, 1878 in the home of the postmaster, Tosten Erickson; discon­ tinued Feb. 11, 1879. No other data available as to location or origin of name. ' (80) LYBECK: A rural post office on Sec. 8-147-53, established Feb. 17, 1881 with Andrew C. Knutson, postmaster, who named it for his for­ mer home, Lybeck, Minn. The post office was discontinued June 28, 1882. (76; 80) MAY: See MAYVILLE. MAYVILLE: A Hudson's Bay Co. trading post was established about a half mile west of the present townsite in the early 1870s, which was one of the earliest settlements, in the county. Alvin Arnold, one of the first settlers, came here in 1871 and soon after established a post office which he named MAY for his second daughter, the first white child born in the Hudson's Bay Co. post. It became known as AR­ NOLD'S POST, when he took over and operated a store in which the post office was established. When the railroad was being constructed into this area, the post office established June 20, 1877 with A. Han­ son, postmaster, was moved to the new railroad townsite platted in 1880 by W. A. Kindred, to which the railroad was completed in 1881. Mrs. Alvin Arnold was given the honor to select its name. Her choice was Mayville, as it included her young daughter's name and was pleasing in sound. The village organized in 1883 and incorporated as a city in 1885. (20, p. 196; 38, vol. 1, no. 8, p. 20; 76; 80) MURRAY: A loading station on the Great Northern R. R. in Sec. 34-146-52 at which a short-lived post office v/as established Dec. 23, 1897 with Frank A. West, postmaster; discontinued March 25, 1898. Origin of the name not known. (80) NORWAY: A railroad spur track loading station with an elevator on See 24 Norway Twp., which was named for the pioneers from Nor­ way who settled in this area. John Anderson was the first to settle here in 1871. John H. Coulter of Oakes was the Norway elevator manager for 17 years. (34, p. 186; 38, vol. 1, no. 8, p. 21) PORTLAND: This area was first settled in 1371, but it was not un­ til the St. P., Mpls. & Manitoba R. R. (now the Great Northern) or as it was then called, "The Casselton Branch" surveyors selected this point to cross the Goose River, just below the fork, that A. Arnold, S. O. Nordskog and O. T. Jahr donated the present townsite in Nov. 1881 and platted it in Feb. 1882. It was named Portland by the rail­ road officials owing to the fact that it is midway between Portland, Maine and Portland, Oregon. It is often referred to as "Portland on the Goose." The post office was established Jan. 19, 1882 with Dr. 320 James D. McKenzie, postmaster. The village was incorporated in the spring of 1883. (10, p. 779; 11, p. 209; 70, pp. 6-7; 80) PORTLAND JUNCTION: This meeting point of the two branches of the Great Northern R. R., a few miles northeast of Portland is a platted townsite, which losts its importance with the coming of modern trans­ portation and mail delivery and has been deserted except for an ele­ vator and potato warehouse. Enger post office was for some time lo­ cated here as well as a country store. (70, pp. 21-24) PRESTON: A loading station on the Great Northern R. R., three and one-half miles south of Blanchard, established on land originally owned by Brown Bros, and Preston, realtors. No village developed here. On April 5, 1875 John Brown of this firm was appointed the first county surveyor. QUINCY: Originally this was a stage station at the confluence of trie Elm and Red Rivers, on See 26, Elm River Twp., known as ELM RIVER STATION and in charge of Geo. H. F. Johnson, often called "Dutch Ferdinand" whosettled here in 1874. He platted a townsite in 1876 and erected the first building. This site had been a focus of eager expectations as rumors circulated that the Northern Pacific R. R. would cross into Dak. Terr, at this point. The town platted was organized Jan. 5, 1880 and named for Quincy, 111. The post office was established Feb. 16, 1880 with Geo. H. F. Johnson, postmaster. When Fargo was chosen, Quincy continued to be a lively town, as the first scheduled stop on the stage line south from Caledonia. After Quincy's hopes had been disappointed by the second railroad, the Great North- rn running its rails north on the Minnesota side of the Red, Quincy disappeared. The post office was discontinued June 24, 1896 and mail sent to Norman, Minn. (11, p. 209; 38, vol. 1, no. 8, p. 21; 80) ROSEVILLE: A Great Northern Rwy. station about five miles south of Portland. It v/as named for its township, which was named by Christian Monson at the first township meeting in 1880; suggested by the sight of so many wild roses blooming on the prairie at that time. (38, vol. 1, no. 8, p. 20; 70, p. 22) STONY POINT: A prairie landmark near the present town of Hills­ boro, a sandy ridge left by the recession of the glacier Lake Agassiz and marked by a pointed boulder 20 feet in diameter. In the early days the boulder was believed by some to have dropped from the sky. The spot was a camp site for pioneer freighters. (20, p. 190; 70, p. 4) TRAILL CENTRE: So named, for at that time, it was the center of Traill County for which it was named. The county was named for Walter J. S. Traill, who was identified with the eaxiy development of the county. In 1883, the question of moving the county seat from Caledonia was brought before the voters at a special election April 321 19. Portland and Mayville joined forces and had the townsite of Traill Centre platted midway between them, conspiring to win the county seat for Traill Centre, then merge the three towns into one city. A brisk campaign was carried on and Traill Centre received the largest number of votes — but the total votes cast far exceeded the number of legal voters. Legal proceedings started in Fargo on April 9, 1884 contesting this election. The court ruled no legal election had been held, but for all intent and purposes Traill Centre was the coun­ ty seat of Traill County for more than a year. On May 24, 1887 the territorial legislature transferred the two western tiers of townships in Traill County to Steele County. Traill Centre lost its central loca­ tion and most of its residents. (7, p. 200; 70, p. 9) TAFT: An inland village, a few miles north of Hillsboro; named for the 27th president of the United States, William Howard Taft. VOLGA: A loading station on the Great Northern R. R. about four miles northwest of Blanchard on the farm land originally owned by S. S. Blanchard. Supposedly named for Volga, Iowa. WEIBLE: A rural post office established Oct. 29, 1883 in the home of the postmaster, J. S. Weible; discontinued Dec. 18, 1883, reestab­ lished July 8, 1884 with Byron L. Hill, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 30, 1909 and mail sent to Blanchard. In 1881 the St. P., Mpls. & Man­ itoba R. R. (now the Great Northern) established a loading station here on Sec. 24, west Bohnsack Twp. and named it GREENFIELD. Origin of name not known. (80)

WALSH COUNTY ACTON: In 1866 Jacob Reinhart and Antoine Gerrard first explored what has since become Walsh County. In 1870 at a point on a bend of the Red River, half-way between the mouth of Park and Forest Rivers was a steamboat landing known as ROSE POINT, where a lone Norwegian named Larson lived and chopped wood for the steam­ boats. It v/as named for Frank Rose, who kept a stage station, a few miles south of Pembina. It was here on Sec. 26, Acton Twp. in June 1871 Antoine Gerrard pitched his tent and became the first white settler. He was joined in a few days by Jacob Reinhart and B. S. Kelly and family. Gerrard constructed a tavern, Kelly established a stage station in it; and Reinhart opened up a general merchandise store in which a post office was established Oct. 6, 1871 with Ezra G. Anderson, postmaster. The name Rose Point fell into disuse after the post office closed July 28, 1873 and the place was generally known as KELLY'S POINT. A post office was established here Aug. 23, 1878. Several other business places were established and for a time it bid 322 fair to be a thriving town. Gerrard owned the townsite and platted IO1/2 blocks of it in 1877. He changed the name to ACTON for his former home, Acton, Ontario, Canada which was named for a suburb of London, England. On May 27, 1879 the post office name was changed to Acton and Gerrard was appointed postmaster. When the county was oi'ganized Aug. 30, 1881, this township was named for the post office. In 1881, the railroad built across the county, leaving Ac­ ton 12 miles distance and business and people followed it, until Acton was deserted. (10, p. 783; 11, p. 1, 198; 80) ADAMS: Early residents first named their village SARLES, for E. Y. Sarles, then Governor of North Dakota. When they learned that a post office in the state had already been given this name, they adopt­ ed the name of a post office that was moved into the village from two miles south, named Adams for its township, which had been named by settlers from Adams County, Wisconsin. The post office was es­ tablished June 23, 1890 with Eiick T. Grove, postmaster. Adams in­ corporated as a village in 1906. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) ARDOCH: During pioneer days, the settlement founded here in 1881 was first called CLAIRE, then KIMBALL, homeland name of settlers. Neither name was official, and both were discarded before the post office was established Feb. 27, 1882 with John Stevenson, postmaster and named by him, as was the township for his former home of Ardoch, Ontario, Canada. The Stevenson family was pro­ minent in community development and among the first Scottish sett­ lers in Ardoch Twp. The village incorporated in 1886. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; Walsh County Record 7/25/40, p. 8, Sec. 7; 80) AUBURN: This place on the NWy, Sec. 14, Farmington Twp. was named by its first settlers in 1882 to honor Walsh County Judge Wil­ liam McKenzie, who formerly lived in Auburn, Ontario, Canada. The post office was established March 26, 1883 with Donald McKenzie, postmaster. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BELLEVILLE: See FORDVILLE. BUTLER: A short-lived rural post office established July 13, 1883 with Thomas Hare, postmaster; discontinued Feb. 18, 1884 and mail sent to Grafton. Location or origin of name not known. (80) CASHEL: A post office on the NEy, Sec. 26, Martin Twp. established Dec. 17, 1887 with Charles Moore, postmaster was named by local resi­ dents for J. L. Cashel, an early settler, who became a local realtor, political leader and prominent banker. The post office has long since been discontinued. (6, p. 67; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) CLAIRE: See ARDOCH. 323 CONWAY: The Great Northern R. R. townsite officials named this town on Sec. 23, Eden Twp., when it was established in 1884 for Con­ way, Wales, to honor the English and Welsh stockholders of the com­ pany. The post office was established Nov. 26, 1884 with James Fran­ cis, postmaster. Conway incorporated as a village in 1895. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) DE WAR: A Soo Line loading siding on the NEy, Sec. 15, Perth Twp. Named for an uncle of Mrs. Victor Potulny of Fordville, N. D. (Al­ bert Harazim, Station Manager.) . DUNDEE: Named for its township, which was named for Dundee Twp. in Fond du lac County, Wise, the birthplace of the townsite owner, W. A. Crary. The post office on Sec. 17, was established April 12, 1881 with Ove Overson, postmaster; discontinued April 22, 1903. Another version of the origin of the name Dundee is that it was named for Dundee, Scotland by Wm. McKenzie, a local Scottish pio­ neer and real estate dealer, promoting the townsite. (80) EDEN: In Sec. 23, Eden Twp. No other data available. EDINBURG: A post office established on Sec. 5, Lampton Twp., three miles northwest of its present site Nov. 1, 1882 in the general merchandise store of the postmaster, Christian Buck, was named by the Canadian Scotch settlers for a city of that name in Scotland. In 1887 when the Great Northern R. R. extended from Park River north, their townsite officials platted eight blocks of the present railroad townsite to which the EDINBURGH post office was moved that year and established with John E. White, postmaster, changing the spell­ ing of Edinburgh to Edinburg. (31, p. 491; 80) EDINBURGH: See EDINBURG.

ELORA: A post office established Oct. 24, 1895 with William Sell, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 2, 1903 and mail sent to Cashel. Sup­ posedly named for the daughter of James Jennings, wife of George Welch of Harvey Twp., Cavalier County. (80) FAIRDALE: This townsite established on Sees. 22 and 23 Kinloss Twp. was given a coined name by the residents to indicate its plea­ sant site in the valley of the Park River. The post office was estab­ lished Sept. 27, 1905 with Ole J. Nordlie, postmaster. The village in­ corporated in 1907. (10, p. 740; 76; 80) FERTILE: Settlers mainly from Iowa founded this community cen­ ter and named it and its township in appreciation of the fertile soil of their farmlands. The post office was established March 22, 1881 with Osmond T. Hjerdal, postmaster; discontinued June 7, 1883 and mail sent, to Grafton. (38, vol. 1, no. 10, p. 21; 80) 324 FORDVILLE: Originally this townsite on Sec. 26 was named MED- FORD for its township, which was named for Medford, Wise, the former home of A. H. Kellogg, pioneer resident, who with Sherburn S. Worthington settled here in 1881, preceded only by J. B. Sanborn, who came in the spring of 1879, when his nearest neighbor was ten miles away. The Medford Twp. name was changed later to Perth Twp. The Medford post office was established Nov. 2, 1881 with Worthing­ ton, postmaster. Due to the fact that another town with the name Medford was located on the Soo Line R. R., much confusion resulted especially with freight shipments and the railroad company requested the name be changed. A rural post office nearby named BELLE­ VILLE for Belleville, Ontario, Canada that was in Elkmount Twp., Grand Forks County, was moved to Medford and the last syllables of the two names resulted in changing the name to Fordville May 21, 1910 when William J. Henry was appointed postmaster. In 1912 the Soo Line built what is known as the Fordville-Drake Line of 132 miles, making Fordville the terminal. With the wheat shipments from there, it became a busy railroad station. (10, p. 743; 11, p. 199; 76; 80) FOREST RIVER: The Big Salt River that transverses this townsite was renamed in 1878 Forest River, for the heavy growth of trees along its bank. The post office established on the south bank of the river on Sept. 20, 1878 with Jesse B. Warren, postmaster, adopted the same name as did the township. Two years later the Graham Bros, settled here and opened up a general merchandise store. In 1887 the Bates Bros, were operating another such store and the townsite was platted. The village organized in 1893. (11, p. 129; 37; 76; 80) GALT: A rural post office established on Sec. 22, Norton Twp., near the North Fork of Park River on Feb. 5, 1883 with Thomas H. Woods, postmaster, was named by him for his former home of Gait, Waterloo, County, Ontario, Canada, a manufacturing city. The Gait post of­ fice was discontinued by 1892. (80) GARFIELD: In the early summer of 1880, a party of Norwegian land prospectors from Iowa visited Walsh County, particularly the Golden Valley area. They returned to Iowa and sent a lai'ge number of their fellow countrymen to possess the land here. They settled in and about Twp. 157-56, naming it Garfield Twp. for the U. S. Presi­ dent, who during that year was assassinated. The post office named for the township was established Oct. 18, 1880 on Sec. 21 with Knute Levang, postmaster. When Park River was established in Aug. 1884, just seven miles southwest, the post office and all the residents of Garfield moved there except Simon Leach, owner of the land on which Garfield was established. (9/11/63, Clarence Daley, Grafton, N. D.; 11, p. 199; 38, vol. 1, no. 8, p. 21; 80) 325 GEOFF: An inland post office established Sept. 22, 1899 was given the shortened first name of the postmaster, Geoffry R. B. Green; dis­ continued June 5, 1908 and mail sent to Adams. (80) GRAFTON: This townsite was an incident of the railroad construc­ tion in 1880. The Great Northern was extending their line from Grand Forks and it reached Grafton in Dec. 1881. The first settler here was Thos. E. Cooper in 1878, who had only a squatter's right, be­ cause the land was not yet surveyed. The following year, more sett­ lers squatted on claims adjoining his on the west. Cooper built a small hotel in which a post office was established in June 1879 and he was appointed postmaster. He named the township and the office Graf­ ton, for his wife's former home, Grafton County, New Hampshire. Grafton incorporated as a village in the spring of 1881; designated the county seat Aug. 30, 1881; incorporated as a city in 1883. (5, p. 534; 7, p. 198; 11, p. 198; 37; 80; 9/11/63, Clarence Daley, Grafton, N. D.) HENRY'S POST: See PARK RIVER POST. HERRICK: A Northern Pacific R. R. loading station in Sec. 8, St. Andrews Twp. Named for Job and Frank Herrick, who came to OLD CROSSING July 20, 1870. (38, vol. 1, no. 7, p. 36) HOOPLE: Settlement began here in 1879 at the head waters of the North Fork of Park River. Richmond post office on Sec. 3, Glenwood Twp. served the area until this townsite on Allen Hoople's land in Sec. 5 was platted and the post office established here Jan. 7, 1890 with Merrit B. Bronson, postmaster. Hoople incorporated as a village in 1898. (7, p. 189; 76; 80) KELLOGG: A station on the N.P.R.R. a few miles south of Grafton, where a post office was established Jan. 15, 1898 with Frank J. Votava, postmaster; discontinued June 5, 1910 and mail sent to Grafton. It was named for H. C. Kellogg, who came from Plainfield, Wise and settled in this township. (19, vol. 21, no. 3, p. 109; 80) KELLY'S POINT: See ACTON- KENSINGTON: See PARK RIVER. KILNER: A rural post office established June 2, 1884 in the home of the postmaster, Norman Kilner; discontinued Jan. 12, 1885. No other data available. (80) KIMBALL: See ARDOCK.

KINLOSS: An inland Nordic settlement which began in 1883 around a store established by John Fauchner, from Ontario, Canada. A post office was established in his store Feb. 13, 1886 and he was appointed 326 postmaster, naming it for his birthplace. When the township was organized it was named for this first post office in Sec. 3, that served the community, until Aug. 25, 1907 when it was discontinued and mail sent to Gertrude, in Cavalier County. (80) LAMBERT: A rural post office on Sec. 2, Perth Twp. established Feb. 13, 1886 in the home of the postmaster, Robert Vernon, on the north bank of the Middle Branch of Big Salt River; discontinued in 1907. Origin of name not known. (80) LAMPTON: Named for its township when it was founded in 1881 on See 12. The post office was established Jan. 9, 1882 with George Michi, postmaster, who was one of the first settlers in 1879. The post office has been discontinued. The origin of the name not known (80) LANKIN: Originally named YOUNG for G. W. Young, a Park River lawyer and former teacher when the post office was established April 27, 1898 with John Matajeck, postmaster. The name was changed to Lankin on July 27, 1905 when John Lankin became postmaster and the townsite was established on the Soo Line R. R. in Sec. 10 of Rushford Twp. Lankin organized as a village in 1908. (10, p. 762; 76; 80) LATONA: A rural post office named for its township (now named Vernon Twp.) established on Sec. 9, Feb. 18, 1884 with John Lennon, postmaster; discontinued in the 1890s. Origin of name is not known. (80) LINSTAD: A rural post office on NWy, Sec. 11, Shepard Twp. es­ tablished Nov. 16, 1896 with Louis Swenson, postmaster; discontinued June 19, 1908 and mail sent to Adams. Named for Ole Linstad, a local pioneer settler. (80) LOMICE: A rural post office on Sec. 35, Shepard Twp. established June 12, 1900 with Frank Kvasnicka, postmaster; discontinued Oct. 14, 1905 and mail sent to Lawton in Ramsey County. Origin of name not known. (80) MANDT: A rural post office on Sec. 15, Fertile Twp. near the South Branch of Park River established July 23, 1893 with Ole H. Wig, post­ master; discontinued May 21, 1903 and mail sent to Grafton. Named for Peter Mandt, who circulated the petition for the post office which was established in his store. Later he was appointed postmaster (80) MEDFORD: See FORDVILLE. MINTO: This village on the Forest River was originally settled by Canadians and named for an Ontario town in Wellington County. The land upon which the village is located was bought from James Wilson in 1881 by Comstock & White, townsite proprietors, who platted the townsite that year on Sec. 31, Harriston Twp. The post office was es­ tablished March 15, 1881 with John O. Brown, postmaster; the St. P., 327 Mpls. & Manitoba Railway reached here in the fall of that year also. Minto incorporated as a village in 1883. (7, p. 189; 11, p. 198; 76; 80) MOUNT VIEW: A rural post office on Sec. 23, Dundee Twp. (now named Tiber) established Aug. 2, 1880 with Perry G. Ewart, postmast­ er; long since discontinued. It was given a descriptive name of the view from there of rolling prairie without timber. This was on the rim of an old lake bed with a rise of 150 to 300 feet, although not abruptly, above the Red River Valley. (80) NASH: A Great Northern R. R. loading station on Charles Hanson's farm, where a settlement grew and a post office was established July 11, 1891 with Charles Hanson, postmaster. It was named for the two Nash Brothers, local residents, who established a fruit store in Park River and wholesale houses in Grand Forks and elsewhere, later known as the Nash Finch Co. (John O. Almen; 11, p. 198; 38, vol. 1, no. 9, p. 18; 76; 80) NORD: Eden Twp. NORTON: An inland post office on the North Branch of Park River, named for its township established on Sec. 4 May 21, 1892 with Per E. Peterson, postmaster; long since discontinued. Origin of name not known. (80) NOVA: A rural post office on Sec. 19, Prairie Centre Twp. estab­ lished Aug. 1, 1881 in the farm home of the postmaster, John Kratsky; discontinued Nov. 20, 1886, six days before the Veseley post office was established on See 23. Nova is Latin for "new." (80) OAKWOOD: A rural post office on Sec. 12, Oakwood Twp. near Forest River sometimes called Salt River, was established Nov. 4, 1895 with Alex Gagner, postmaster; discontinued April 30, 1924 and mail sent to Grafton. Oakwood is a descriptive name applied to the township for the many oak trees there. (80) OPS: A Soo Line railroad station on Sec. 21, Ops Twp. Origin of name not known. PARK RIVER: Originally called KENSINGTON for its township when established in Sec. 11 by Canadian-Scotch settlers of 1879 for a borough of London, England. The very first permanent settler was Charles G. Oaks, an employe of the Hudson's Bay Co., who came here in Nov. 1878. A colony of Scandinavians from Iowa settled here also in 1879. The post office was established April 28, 1879 with William McKenzie, postmaster. The post office was. moved on July 11, 1882 to the home of Charles H. Honey, the postmaster. The Park River townsite was platted on Sees. 21 and 28, Kensington Twp. in the spring of 1884 and the post office moved here and renamed Park River Sept. 15, 1884 with Charles H. Honey continuing to serve as postmaster. 328 Park River incorporated as a city in 1896. The river which flows through the townsite named it. See Park River Post for the origin of the river's name. (5, p. 534; 11, p. 198; 37; 38, vol. 1, no. 10, p. 21; 80) PARK RIVER POST: In 1783 the Montreal fur traders consolidated under the name of the "North-West Co.," and pushed its trade into new and hitherto unexplored regions. In 1800 Alexander Henry, a fur trader on Lake Superior was leader of an expedition which set out from there with Turtle River for its objective point. It was Henry's intention to establish his headquarters on that stream for use while in charge of the Red River District, to which he had been as­ signed by the North-West Co. His party bore the title of "Henry's Red River Brigade." On Sept. 2, 1800 they arrived where Morris, Manitoba is now situated. The brigade divided here, a portion re­ maining for the winter and the others going on to Park River with Henry. The latter group arrived there Sept. 8, 1800 and the follow­ ing day determined to build a post on the west side of Park River, about three-quarters of a mile from the mouth. This became known as HENRY' POST. The number of beaver dams near this point in­ fluenced Henry in his choice of it as a site for a trading post and there was evidence that bears, buffalo, deer and other wild game were plentiful in this area. The post buildings consisted of a stockade, dwelling house, storehouse and shop, all made of oak and completed by Sept. 20th and the British flag raised. Park River, Henry recorded was so named from the fact that the Assiniboine Indians made cor­ rals of brush, parks or pounds there for buffalo, heading them in from all points, as they became alarmed from any cause, and then killing them at short range in a time before they had firearms. The Park River Post was abandoned May 17, 1801. Forest and Park Rivers were known as Big and Little Salt Rivers, respectively, so called by the Hudson's Bay trapper's and half-breeds, for its saline water. (5, p. 18-22) PERRY: A rural post office on Sec. 9, Fertile Twp. established April 7, 1880 with John T. Daley, postmaster; discontinued April 13, 1883 and mail sent to Grafton. It was named for Perry Twp. Dane County, Wise former home of Halvor Johnson, who helped establish the post office. (9/17/63 Clarence Daley, Grafton, N. D.; 38, vol. 1, no. 10, p. 21; 80) PISEK: Founded in 1881 on the SEy, Sec. 21, Rushford Twp. Jo­ seph Lovcik, the first postmaster on June 8, 1887 named it for his former hometown in Czechoslovakia. Pisek incorporated as a vill­ age in 1898. (76; 80) POLAND: The post office established on Sec. 32, Walshville Twp. Jan. 13, 1906 with Andrew Hobbs, postmaster, was named to honor

329 the Polish settlers of that area. The post office was discontinued April 30, 1919 and mail sent to Ardoch. (80) PRAHA: A rural post office on See 16, Cleveland Twp. established May 7, 1883 with William Ruyicka, postmaster; discontinued long since. Origin of name not known. (80) RICHMOND: A post office on Sec. 3 Glenwood Twp. was estab­ lished in the farm home of the postmaster, William Richey, Aug. 8, 1879, who named it, using part of his name; discontinued May 28, 1880 and mail sent to Crystal. (7, p. 189; 76; 80) ROSE POINT: See ACTON. SAINT ANDREWS: In 1880 the Red River Transportation Co. laid out and named this townsite on Sec. 25, Saint Andrews Twp. where Michael McGraw and Charles Finkle had settled the year before. The post office was established Oct. 20, 1880 with Lewis E. Booker, post­ master; discontinued Sept. 9, 1892 and mail sent to Drayton. The village flourished in the steamboat days, until the railroad towns drew away its business. After the railroad by-passed it only the post office and a single store were maintained for a time. The name sup­ posedly was derived from Saint Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada. (11, p. 198; 80) SARLES: See ADAMS. SARNIA: An inland post office on the SWy, Sec. 31 Perth Twp. established Sept. 26, 1898 with Tosten M. Lillehaugen, postmaster, who named it for a port on the St. Clair River in Ontario, Canada; discontinued March 15, 1914. (80) SILVISTA: A rural post office on Sec. 24, Kinloss Twp. established April 6, 1883 with James F. Berry, postmaster; discontinued now. Origin of name not known. (80) SWEDEN: In 1879 a post office was established in the farm home of John M. Almen, on Sec. 36, Glenwood Twp. and named by him for his native land. The same year William McKenzie erected a store nearby and the post office was moved into it. Soon after A. A. Blek- ken also opened up another store here. The post office was discon­ tinued Aug. 21, 1882 and mail sent to Grafton. (1, p. 836; 80) TOMEY: A rural post office on Sec. 29, Medford Twp. established June 25, 1886 with Thomas Healy, postmaster, who gave it his child­ hood nickname; discontinued in 1907. (80) VESELEY: See VESELEYVILLE. VESELEYVILLE: Originally this Prairie Centre Twp. post office established in 1883 with Matt Houska, postmaster was known as VES­ ELEY served a Czechoslovakian settlement. This word in their lang- 330 uage means "jolly." On Nov. 26, 1886, Frank J. Sedway was appoint­ ed postmaster; discontinued Dec. 15, 1887 and mail sent to Grafton; reestablished Jan. 26, 1888; discontinued April 3, 1888 and mail sent to Conway. It was then reestablished as Veseleyville on See 23, July 15, 1891 with Vaclav F. Diesck, postmaster; it was finally discontin­ ued a few years later. (76; 80) VESTA: Named for its township which was named by settlers from Vesta, Minn. This post office was established Dec. 4, 1883 in the farm- home of the postmaster, Paul Halvorson on Sec. 18. It has long since been discontinued. (80) VOSS: This place on See 33, Walsh Centre Twp. derives its name from Vossongen, Norway, the birthplace of Andrew Heron, the founder of Voss. The post office was established Nov. 23, 1888 with Frank E. Volachek, postmaster. (10, p. 792; 80) WALSHVILLE: The county, township and this settlement, the sec­ ond in the county in point of time were all named for George H. Walsh of Grand Forks, a prominent, early legislator of Dakota Territory, and later a newspaper publisher of Grand Forks. Augustus Williams was the first to settle here in 1877. He erected a tavern on See 22 in which the post office was established May 17, 1878 with Charles Williams, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 31, 1914 and mail sent to Ar­ doch. (11, p. 198; 80) WARSAW: A rural post office, sometimes referred to as New War­ saw on the SEy, Sec. 25, Harriston Twp., was established June 30, 1894 with Anion Gudajtes, postmaster, who named it for a city of that name in his homeland of Poland. It has long since been discontinued. (80) WILD ROSE: A Soo Line R. R. siding on Sec. 15 Eden Twp. No other data available. YOUNG: See LANKIN.

WARD COUNTY AURELIA: Founded in 1900 in See 34, Carbondale Twp. The post office was established Aug. 14, 1901, with William D. Cooper, post­ master; discontinued March 29, 1907. The name is latin for "golden" and it is believed that a railroad townsite official chose the name to suggest what opportunities the locality offered. (19, p. 128; 80) BADEN: A post office established Jan. 15, 1904, in the home of the postmaster, Olaf Bibb; discontinued Nov. 15, 1920. Named by German settlers for a city in their homeland. Baden remains a loading station on the Soo Line Rwy. in the northwestern portion of the county. (80) BERTHOLD: Named for Fort Berthold, which was named for Bar­ tholomew Berthold of St. Louis, Mo, who established a trading post 331 there in 1845. In 1900, when this village was founded in See 21, Berthold Twp., at a junction point of the branch line of the Great Northern R.R., built northwest into Williams County with the main line, twenty-three miles west of Minot, it was the nearest railroad station to the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. The post office was established Oct. 1, 1900, with Fredrick E. Walther, postmaster. Berthold incorporated as a city in 1917. (15, Dec. 1906; 51, 9/11/40; 80) BLACK: A rural post office established in 1882, a few miles north of the present town of Sawyer, with Mrs. Amy Terrell, postmaster. It was named for L. C. Black and brother, early ranchers and cattlemen of the Little Knife River area. The post office was discontinued in 1887 when the Echo post office was established. (38, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 7; 51, 4/5/58) BURLINGTON: Originally called "THE FORKS" by Joseph L. Col- tan, the founder, who with his family and son-in-law, James Johnson, came from Lisbon, N. Dak. in May, 1883, and settled on ranch land at the forks where the Des Lacs flows into the Mouse River. Here they opened up the first lignite coal mines in the northwestern part of the state. They also opened up a general merchandise store and hotel. In Aug., 1883, a post office was established here and named COLTAN; James Johnston was appointed postmaster. On Feb. 26, 1884, because there was another settlement in Dakota Territory named Coltan, the post office was renamed BURLINGTON for Burlington, Iowa, the former home of Frank Hatton, Assistant Postmaster Gen­ eral at that time. Joseph Coltan established the first newspaper in this section of the state and due to his efforts, Burlington was desig­ nated the county seat when the county was organized in 1885. In 1888, the county seat was relocated at Minot. (11, pp. 208, 243; 38, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 10; 42, 9/11/14; 48, vol. 73, no. 8, p. 11; 51, 4/5/58; 80) BYE: A rural post office established Aug. 12, 1903, with Ole J. Bye, postmaster, in the store which he operated on his farm two miles north of the present town of Ryder. When the Soo Line reached Ryder, the Bye post office was discontinued Oct. 15, 1906, and the store building moved to Ryder. (10/6/58, Thorwald Mostad, RFD 4, Minot, N. Dak.; 80) CAITHNESS: A rural post office established Sept. 16, 1902, with Henry P. Rygmyr, postmaster, when rural route from Des Lacs pro­ vided the service; discontinued June 15, 1903. Named fpr Beth Caith­ ness Stephenson, a stenographer at that time in Minot, (80) CARPIO: There are several versions as to the origin of the name given this village founded in 1896, when the Soo Line was being con­ structed diagonally through the county. .(1) The first'post office was 332 established July 7, 1898, in a box car, with the letters "P. O." painted on its side. Residents referred to it as "the car P.O.;" (2) The name is a Spanish word meaning "city of tents," taken from a Spanish novel of the same name, by the wife of a Soo Line official; (3) It was named for Carpio de Vaga, a Spanish poet and dramatist; (4) It was named for Bernardo Del Carpio, a Spanish explorer. The village in­ corporated in 1906. (19, vol. 12, no. 3; 80) CENTERVILLE: In the early 1900's, anticipating the Soo Line Rail­ road, a village sprang up on the SEy, See 24-151-86 with a store, hotel, blacksmithy, several residences and a newspaper (The Centerville News), for which it was named. When the railroad by-passed it, and the nearby town of Ryder was established, Centerville became a ghost town. (C. H. Christianson, pioneer banker of Ryder) COLTAN: See BURLINGTON. DAVIS: A loading platform and.station, a mile or so south of Bur­ lington, where a coal mining settlement sprang up when the Davis mine opened up in 1894 by L. M. Davis of the Mouse River Lignite Coal Co. DES LACS: A settlement 12 miles northwest of Minot on Sec. 11 of Des Lacs Twp., named for both the Des Lacs River and Lake thereby; which the French explorers called Lac Aux Mort (the Lake of the Dead). The post office was established March 15, 1888, with Tobias Welo, postmaster; discontinued July 6, 1898, and mail sent to Minot. The Great Northern Ry. reached this townsite and it was platted in 1900 and the post office reestablished; incorporated as a village in 1911. (20, p. 272; 76; 80) DONNYBROOK: Platted in 1893 on Jack Powers homestead in Sees. 14 and 15 of Carbondale Twp.; incorporated as a village in 1904. Named by Soo Line officials for the Irish fair, Donnybrook, Ireland. The post office was established March 20, 1895, with Martha J. Power, postmaster. Donnybrook is at the foot of the hills bordering the western side of Des Lacs valley. (76; 80) DOUGLAS: Originally a store and post office in McLean County about two miles southwest of its present site. After the Soo Line Rwy. was extended from Drake, it moved and became a railroad townsite, platted in Dee, 1906; incorporated as a village in 1908. The post office retained its name when it moved to the railroad townsite Nov. 2, 1906, with Arthur C. Bates, postmaster. It was named for Douglas Creek, which was named for Capt. Douglas, stationed at Fort Stevenson on the banks of the creek, in the 1880's. The creek was later renamed Garrison Creek, when the Fort Stevenson garrison began using it for bathing purposes. (15, p. 70; 51, 9/11/40; 76; 80) 333 DRADY: A rural post office established Jan. 16, 1906, with John Drady, postmaster, in the store he operated on his homestead 13 miles southwest of Minot on the NEy, Sec. 23, Burt Twp.; long since dis­ continued. (10/6/58, Thorwald Mostad, RFD 4, Minot, N. Dak.; 80) ECHO: See SAWYER. FOXHOLM: A rural post office named for its township, was estab­ lished in Sec. 2 May 7, 1894, in the farm home of the postmaster, Jens Glein. Nearby a settlement began in 1886 on Peter Fugelson's land, which the Soo Ry. reached in 1902 and it became the townsite of Fox- holm, which was a familiar name to the English townsite officials, for it was a namesake of Foxholm, England. (51, 9/11/40; 76; 80) GALVA: A Soo Line loading station at which a settlement grew a few miles south of Kenmare. A post office was established here July 13, 1899, with Josie Clipper, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 15, 1907, and mail sent to Baden. Origin of name not known. (80) GASSMAN: A coal mining settlement in Gassman Coulee, just west of Minot, named for Henry Gassman, who opened up a coal mine there in 1883. (38, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 10) GOETZ: A rural post office established Dec. 29, 1897, southeast of Kenmare, with Edward C. Henry, postmaster, in the general mer­ chandise store he operated there. The post office was discontinued April 13, 1899, and mail sent to Donnybrook. Origin of the name Goetz not known. (80) GOSS: A rural post office established March 21, 1906, with William G. Bennett, postmaster; discontinued March 21, 1908, and mail sent to Kenmare. Named for E. B. Goss, a local early settler who became a Supreme Court Judge. (38, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 88; 80) GRELLAND: A rural post office, 17 miles southwest of Minot in Sec. 23, Vang Twp., established Oct. 11, 1902, with Johan W. Rode, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 15, 1918, and mail sent to Drady post office. The four times weekly stage serviced Grelland with Ryder and Minot. (80) HAGEN: A rural post office established on Sec. 31, Berthold Twp., May 22, 1907, with Ole A. Hagen, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1909. (10/6/58, Thorwald Mostad, RFD 4, Minot, N. Dak.; 80) HAMMEN: A rural post office established Jan. 7, 1896, with Tubert Hammen, postmaster; discontinued Dec. 30, 1899, after which the mail was sent to Burlington. (80) HARRISON: An early settlement which is now a part of Minot and its township, were both named for United States President Benjamin 334 Harrison, by T. E. Olsgard, who was appointed Register of the United States Land Office at Minot in 1891 by President Harrison. (9/7/58, Thorwald Mostad, RFD 4, Minot, N. Dak.) HARTLAND: A loading station on the branch line of the Great Northern Ry., constructed in 1907 on Sec. 30, Carpio Twp. It was named by Martin D. Johnson, a local resident, for his birthplace, Hart- land Twp., in Worth County, Iowa. A post office was established here March 23, 1908, with Mons J. Hoff, postmaster. (51, 9/11/40; 73; 80) HECKER: About ten miles down the Mouse River from Minot, in "the mill timber" country, a post office was established March 30, 1905, in a store operated by Owen Hecker since 1901, when he settled there. He built a schoolhouse later and planned to found a village here, but gave up the plan after the flood of 1904, which covered the selected site. The post office was discontinued Nov. 15, 1909, and mail sent to Logan. (The Drake News, 7/21/05; 51, 4/19/58; 80) HESNAULT: A post office established June 30, 1903, in the ranch home of John A. Berg, the postmaster, 15 miles southwest of Des Lacs on the Great Northern Ry. Berg operated a store on his ranch and dealt in livestock as a side line. The post office was discontinued Sept. 29, 1917, and mail sent to Des Lacs. The origin of the post office name not known. (80) JEROME: An inland store and post office in Hilton Twp., 35 miles southwest of Minot, established May 19, 1904, and operated by Herbert Jerome Young. The post office was discontinued Jan. 31, 1906. (80) KENASTON: A station on the Great Northern Ry. in the northwest section of the county which was founded in 1906 and named for F. E. Kenaston, a stockholder in the Great Northern R.R., and who, at that time, was president of the Minneapolis Thresher Co. The post office was established Oct. 23, 1907, with Thomas Dodds, postmaster. (51, 9/11/40; 76; 80) KENMARE: Originally named LIGNITE, when it was but a Soo R.R. siding and a coal loading platform constructed on a hillside facing Middle Des Lacs Lake. In the steep sides of this valley neai'by, are a number of lignite mines. Augustine Rouse named this station Lig­ nite and established a post office Dec. 27, 1894, in his dugout on the rolling slope of the present town of Kenmare. Rouse was killed in a quarrel with the townsite proprietor and the post office was discon­ tinued Nov. 20, 1894, and mail sent to Donnybrook. Kenmare town- site was founded here and platted in 1896. The post office was estab­ lished April 30, 1897, with John H. Clapper, postmaster. Kenmare incorporated as a city in 1903. It is believed to have been named by

335 the wife of a Soo R.R. official, for a community in Ireland. Several colonies of Dunkards were early settlers in this area. (7, p. 276; 38, vol. 2, p. 8; 51, 9/11/40, p. 19; 76; 80) LIBERTY: A rural post office of short duration was established Aug. 12, 1905, with Martin Hultberg, postmaster; discontinued March 15,1906, and mail sent to Minot. Origin of the name not known. (80) LIGNITE: See KENMARE. LOGAN: Originally just a post office ten miles southeast of Minot, established April 13, 1887, with Robert W. Davidson, postmaster, who was a Civil War veteran residing on his homestead in the log house he built in 1883 or 1884 when he settled here. He named the post office for Gen. John A. Logan of Civil War fame, under whom David­ son served. In 1904, the Soo Line Ry. acquired land from Edward Waldorf and established a station not far from the old inland post office which retained its name for the new one established on the railroad Nov. 15, 1909, with Anna A. Beebe, postmaster. (51, 4/19/58; 80) LLOYDS SPUR: This Soo Line spur track was constructed about 1900 with a loading platform, 12 miles northwest of Minot and was in use to convey the coal cars until discontinued in 1$20. It was named for David James Lloyd, operator of a coal mine up Paradise Coulee, a short way from the railroad. (9/29/58, Mrs. Ethel Lloyd Weinrebe, Minot, N. Dak.) LONETREE: A Great Northern Ry. station 16 miles northwest of Minot, named by the railroad officials for the "lone tree" near the site when the rails were laid in 1888. The post office was established March 20, 1888, with Theodore Shufelt, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 11,1891, and mail sent to Minot. ' (20, p. 245; 51, 9/11/40; 76; 80) LYNCH: A rural post office established March 1, 1902, about four­ teen miles north of Minot with John Lynch, postmaster, who home­ steaded near Burlington in 1886 and in 1890 became Clerk of District Court, continuing for many years. The post office was discontinued Oct. 15. 1909. (10/6/58, Thorwald Mostad, RFD 4, Minot, N. Dak.; 38, vol. 2, no. 6, p. 16; 80) MAKOTI: This townsite one-half mile from the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, was platted and a public sale of lots was held July 12, 1911; incorporated as a village June 24, 1916. The post office was established Dec. 18, 1911, with William J. Nutting, postmaster. The name was selected by the townsite promoter, Edward T. Kumrud, Mountrail pioneer, whose ranch was near the townsite and he re­ quested the Soo Line Ry. for a siding and got it. The name he chose 336 for the townsite was based on "maakoti," Mandan Indian word for largest of their earthen lodges. (10, p. 764; 51, 9/11/40; 76; 80) MINOT: Situated in the deep valley of the Souris (Mouse) River and named for Henry Davis Minot, representing eastern investors and associated with James J. Hill in the years the Great Northern Railroad was being built. The townsite was selected in Nov., 1886, on land entered in part by Erik Ramstad, a settler of 1883 and in part scrip land of the railroad company for that purpose. It began as a tent town when the Great Northern was pushing west that year. It was necessary to stop some few miles from the present townsite and build a bridge across a coulee (Gassman Coulee). Where the construction halted, there immediately sprang up a large tent town which was generally assumed to be the start of permanent settlement. When the selected townsite of Minot became known, the exodus was sudden and complete; almost overnight the tent town was transplanted to it. It grew so rapidly from then on it was called "The Magic City." The post office was established Feb. 12, 1887, with Patrick H. McNamsea, postmaster. Minot incorporated as a city in 1887. Today it is a trade center for an area including Canada and Montana, as well as northern North Dakota. Minot lies within the eastern boundaries of oil-rich Williston Basin and is surrounded by strip mines of lignite coal. The Minot Air Force Base, 14 miles west of Minot, is now a port of entry. (7, p. 160; 38, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 9; 51, 12/1/56; 80) NIOBE: This townsite in Sec. 18, Elmdale Twp., was founded in 1907. The post office was.established March 24, 1908, with Andrew Nelson, postmaster. Why the Dakota and Great Northern Townsite Co. se­ lected this name is unknown. Niobe, according to Greek mythology, 'was the wife of Amphion, King of Thebes. (10, p. 775; 51, 9/11/40; 76; 80) OLIVE: A post office in Gassman Twp., 18 miles southeast of Minot, established Sept. 23, 1904, with Olive May Smith, postmaster, in the store which she and her husband operated. The post office was dis­ continued April 30, 1910. (10/22/58, Mrs. Ben Anderson, Minot, N. Dak.; 80) OTTER: A rural post office established June 22, 1903, in the home of the postmaster, A. M. Gilbert. Named by James Johnson of Bur­ lington, for Otter Tail County, Minn., his former home. The post office has long been discontinued. (80) PEEBLER: A rural post office in the northeast corner of the county was established July 1, 1902, in the farm home of John W. Peebler, the postmaster; discontinued Nov. 9, 1903, and mail sent to Deering in McHenry County. (80) PETTIS: A short lived rural post office established June 22, 1903, in the home of the postmaster, Charles H. Pettis. (80) 337 PITTS: A post office established April 4, 1905, in the farm home of the first postmaster, William A. Pitts, in Torning Twp.; discontinued Jan. 31, 1914, and mail sent to Grelland. (80) RALSTAD: A Great Northern Railroad siding and coal loading sta­ tion about nine miles northwest of Minot, which was removed when the mine operation discontinued. Soon after, the settlement thereby revived, became a railroad station stop. (Roy P. Johnson, Fargo, N. Dak.) RICE LAKE: A small lake in the southwestern part of the county and the post office established Dec. 15, 1898, in a farm house near it, were named for John R. Rice, an early settler here and the first post­ master. The post office was discontinued June 30, 1899, and mail sent to Minot. (80) ROACH: The first Great Northern Railroad station west of Berthold named for James Roach, who had 2,000 acres of land under cultivation in Ward County. He was mayor of Minot in 1902, a prominent banker and a politician of this area. (6, p. 252) ROUSES: A Soo Line loading station and section house, one mile southeast of Kenmare. Named for W. A. C. Rouse of the Rouse Lig­ nite Coal Co. and operator at Kenmare. See KENMARE. (38, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 13) RYDER: An inland town on the NWV4 Sec. 10-151-86 for three years before the Soo Line extended northwestward from Douglas and bought this townsite. Lots were on sale July 19, 1906. The first train arrived Nov. 7, 1906. The post office was established when this was an inland town June 26, 1903, with Austin Gray, postmaster. It was named for James Ryder of the Minot clothing firm of Ryder and Mansfield, in gratitude by the U. S. Post Office Inspector to whom he loaned a sheeplined overcoat for the long, cold drive from there in late October to this embryo town yet unnamed. (C. H. Christianson, pioneer banker of Ryder; 73; 80) SAINT CARL: A rural post office established Feb. 18, 1885, by Carl Larson, who circulated the petition drawn up by James Johnson, legal advisor for most of the valley settlers southeast of Minot. Johnson named it Saint Carl for Larson, who protested. Johnson replied, "Well, you're a saint, ain't you?" The post office discontinued March 27, 1891, and mail sent to Minot. (51, 4/5/58; 80) SALYARDS: A Soo Line loading station near Minot, named for H. T. Salyards, one of the founders of the Minot Mercantile Co. (38, vol. 2, no. 5, n. 15) SAWYER: Settlement began near this present townsite, 15 miles southeast of Minot, in 1882, when James Wilson and son, William H., from Sioux Falls, D. T., homesteaded here. By 1886, a petition was 338 granted them to establish a post office. A still morning while ponder­ ing what to name it, William looked out the window and spotted a buck deer leisurely traveling through the valley; he grabbed his rifle and got the deer. The shot echoed through the wooded lands, and it was then he decided to name the post office ECHO, which was estab­ lished Aug. 18, 1887, with Mrs. Wm. (Amy) Wilson, postmaster. This rural post office was discontinued when the railroad was constructed and mail sent to Sawyer post office, established April 26, 1898, with Fred L. Hartleip, postmaster. The Soo Line R.R. townsite officials named Sawyer for a railroad official. It was incorporated as a village in 1908. (15, Dec. 1900, p. 81; 38, vol. 2, no. 7, p. 10; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10, 4/5/58; 76; 80) SMITHS: A siding and coal loading station, one mile north of Ken­ mare on the Soo Ry., near the Smiths strip coal mine; now abandoned. SURREY: A post office was established June 18, 1900, at this settle­ ment of Dunkards, seven miles east of Minot on the Great Northern Ry., with George W. Parke, postmaster. The village was named by the railroad officials (many of them Englishmen) for a county and agricultural district in England. Surrey incorporated as a village June 21, 1951. (10, p. 789; 15, p. 83; 51, 9/11/40, p. 10; 80) TASKER or VANDERWALKER: A post office and Soo Railroad spur with a loading station, respectively in Kirkelle Twp., Sec. 29, ten miles north of Minot, were named for local coal mine operators. The post office was established Dec. 29, 1904, with Benjamin B. Tasker, post­ master; discontinued Nov. 15, 1917, and mail sent to Burlington. (Elmer McFarlane, Bottineau, N. Dak.; 80) TERRELL: Soldiers from Fort Stevenson had settled along the Mouse River by 1883, and Nathan D. Terrell and Fred M. Lang opened up a general merchandise store near the present site of Sawyer in which a post office was established in 1885 with Nathan Terrell's wife as postmaster. The post office has long ago been discontinued. (51, 4/5/58) THE FORKS: See BURLINGTON. VANDERWALKER: See TASKER. WAYNE: A post office near a coal mining settlement 21 miles north­ west of Minot, established June 22, 1903, with William Rouse, post­ master; discontinued June 30, 1908, and mail sent to Lynch. Origin of the name not known. (80) WOLSETH: This village in the northeast corner of the county on the Great Northern Ry., was named by G. T. Wolseth, an early settler in this area, who platted the townsite. The post office was established May 23, 1916, with William R. White, postmaster. (51, 9/11/40; 73; 80) 339 WELLS COUNTY BOWDON: Named for Bowdon Park, England, the birthplace and country estate of the townsite owner, Richard Sykes. The post office was established August 26, 1899 with F. F. Lathrop, postmaster; dis­ continued May 1906 and in a short while was reestablished. Bowdon is a Northern Pacific Ry. station in the south central part of the coun­ ty and incorporated as a village in 1905. (10, p. 253; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 22, 8/8/27; 80) BREMEN: Named for its township, which was named by its settlers from Bremen, Germany. Founded by the Bremen-Heimdel Town and Land Co. on See 5 on land that had been homesteaded by Barney Du- sek. Town lots and business locations were sold at auction here June 4, 1910, less than a month after the post office had been established with W. F. Johnson, postmaster. Bremen in the northeast part of the county is located on the Great Northern Ry. (10, p. 257; 80) CATHAY: In 1892-3 this was a Soo R.R. supply depot or.base, while completing the road to Portal. Disputed derivations of the name, agree in linking it to the coming of the railroad for it was founded that year of 1892. (1) Fred N. Underwood, one time general manager of the Soo Ry. Co., is said to have named many of the towns along its line including Cathay. Why he selected this ancient name of China is not known. (2) A Chinese cook employed by the Soo Line Construction Co., named it for his homeland. Cathay was platted on the south bank of Rocky Run Creek in the NW]/4 See 13 of Sheard Twp., incorporated as a village June 4, 1907. The post office was established June 17, 1893 with Marcus L. Peck, postmaster. (10, p. 197; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) CHASELEY: Platted in the spring of 1902 when the Northern Paci­ fic R. R. built five miles farther west from Bowdon. It was founded and named by Richard Sykes, an Englishman, who was the head of an English syndicate of landowners operating in the Dakotas during the 1880s. He named it for the estate of a friend in England. The post of­ fice was established July 27, 1905 with George Brower, postmaster. (10, p. 254; 19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) CHESS CROSSING: A crossing of the Pipestem Creek, north of Sykeston, near the farm home of H. B. Chess, where, in 1884, a dirt grade was constructed for the use of the community. (10, p. 96) DELGER: Named for its township, which was named for an early settler, Conrad A. B. Delger, in whose home the post office was estab­ lished March 20, 1900. It was discontinued Feb. 6, 1903 and mail sent to Manfred. (10, p. 736; 80) DOLAN: See EMRICH. 340 DOVER: This N.P.R.R. station was so named by W. E. Berner, chief dispatcher, because it was an easy name to telegraph. It was original­ ly named ROSS for the railroad superintendent at Duluth, Minn. Changed to Dover Aug. 27, 1903. The post office was established June 22, 1907 with Elmer E. Evans, postmaster; discontinued April 30, 1924 and mail sent to Sykeston. (73; 80) EDEN: A rural post office on the Star Route from Fessenden to Ober­ on, established Dec. 24, 1896 in Valhalla Twp. with Julius Bondelie, postmaster. Discontinued Feb. 28, 1907, superseded by rural free de­ livery from Sheyenne. Thought to be named by a settler from Eden, LaMoille County, Vermont. (10, p. 256; 11, p. 230; 80) EMRICH: First named DOLAND, but renamed because Doland in South Dakota causr-d confusion in the delivery of mail, freight and ex­ press. This town in the SW1/, Sec. 31 of Germantown Twp. was estab­ lished in 1893 by the Soo R. R. townsite company and named after the town of Emmerich in the Rhine Province of Prussia. The post office was established Dec. 20, 1895 with Ophelia Kellmer, postmaster; dis­ continued Dec. 12, 1903 and mail sent to Cathay. (10, p. 165; 80) FESSENDEN: Originally settled in 1882 by a group of Welsh farm­ ers. The village was named for Cortez Fessenden, surveyor general of Dakota Territory, 1881-1885, during which time the original survey of Wells County was made. The townsite was platted in 1893 on the homesteads of Frank Beans and H. T. Roberts, very first of the Welsh settlers. In the election the following year Fessenden was designated the county seat; incorporated as a city in 1905. The post office was es­ tablished Nov. 23, 1893 with J. Austin Regan, postmaster. (7, p. 273; 10, p. 166; 31, p. 620; 76; 80) GWYNNE or GWYNNE CITY: J. Gwynne Vaughan came from Eng­ land in 1881 and bought 1,000 acres of land from the N. P. R. R. In May 1882 while living in Jamestown and Sanborn, he platted and promoted Gwynne townsite on See 12, Sykeston Twp., on the Pipestem Creek, which was the first townsite platted in the county. He had the plat lithographed and the Pipestem was made to look like a mighty river with steamboats loading at Gwynne City docks. He succeeded in sell­ ing lots and business locations to eastern parties, making considerable money on his dream-city venture. He established Gwynne post of­ fice July 5, 1882 and served as postmaster until it was discontinued Feb. 9, 1883 and mail sent to Jamestown. John Gwynne Vaughan was arrested later by Scotland Yards detectives and returned to England to stand trial for previous crimes committed there. Except for the blue prints, the surveyor's stakes and the memory of it all by a few pioneers, Gwynne City has passed into oblivion. (10, 64; 80) HAMBERG: A post office was established March 3, 1911, with Frank Schroeder, postmaster, which was named Viking by the Scandinavian 341 settlers of the area. In 1912, the townsite officials named it Hamburg for its township, which was named by its early German settlers for Hamburg, Germany. During World War I, by petition of the residents, the name was changed on May 29, 1913 to Hamberg, when the post- office was established with Annie F. Pforr, postmaster. The village incorporated in January 1921. (10, p. 258; 76; 80) HAMBURG: See HAMBERG. HARVEY: This town on the Sheyenne River in the NWy, See 31- 150-72, the freight division point for the Soo R. R. came into existence in the spring of 1893, when the road was completed to Portal. It was named for Col. James S. Harvey, a stockholder and director. The post office was established Oct. 2, 1893 with Miss Sarah L. Beaubier as post­ master. Harvey incorporated as a city in 1906. (10, p. 78; 20, p. 261; 80) HEATON: Platted in 1899 on SEy, Sec. 11 of Speedwell Twp., by D. S. B. Johnson Land Co. Named for George Heaton, St. Paul, Man­ ager of Land Sales Dept. for the N.P.R.R. The post office was estab­ lished July 27, 1903 with Augusta Falk as postmaster. (10, p. 251; 80) HEIMDAL: A post office established Sept. 22, 1910 with O. H. Back- en, postmaster, was given the name of its township organized Sept. 10, 1897. The Norwegian settlers named it for Heimdall of Norse myth­ ology, the watchman for the gods and keeper of the rainbow bridge, Bifrost. The name Heimdal was given to the large coulee which runs through the township. (10, p. 200; 76; 80) HURDSFIELD: Platted in 1902 in W. W. Hurd's field on SEy, Sec. 23-146-73. In 1899, Hurd purchased large tracts of N.P.R.R. lands in the county and from 1900-1910 sold land on a commission for the rail­ road. The post office was established in Hurdsfield April 13, 1903 with Howard F. Miller, postmaster. The village incorporated in 1926. (10, p. 254; 73; 80) JIM RIVER CROSSING: See MANFRED. KINER: A post office established March 17, 1890 in the home of the postmaster, John F. Goss, in Hamburg Twp., was given his wife's maiden name, (Vina M. Kiner). Jacob Adams was appointed post­ master July 30, 1902 and the post office was moved to his farm home in Bremen Twp. The office was discontinued April 30, 1909, super­ seded by a rural route from Cathay. (10, p. 146; 80)

MANFRED: This Soo Ry townsite was platted in 1893 on See 28-149- 71 and named Manfred by the English promoters for the hero of Eng­ land's Lord Byron's drama, Manfred. This site, before the railroad 342 came, was known as the Jim River Crossing of the Mouse River Trail. The post office was established May 3, 1894 with Thorstein K. Rogne, postmaster. (10, p. 78; 76; 80) ONTARIO: A speculative townsite platted in 1884 on Sec. 33-147-71 by the Mouse River Townsite Co. Named after a village in Wayne County, New York, which was once the home of R. S. Long, who owned a large block of N.P.R.R. lands in Wells and Kidder Counties. In 1885 Cook and Delplaine of Chicago attempted to develop the town — they had lumber hauled from Sykeston and built a large store build­ ing, giving each person hauling a load of lumber, a deed to a town lot. But when the N.P.R.R. was extended along a new survey, Ontario was by-passed, Bowdon took its place on the map, two miles from there. Ontario townsite is now obliterated by plowed fields. (10, p. 66) OSHKOSH: A post office established Oct. 30, 1888, in the farm home of postmaster, Albert Lane, two miles south of the present site of Fes­ senden; named by the Welsh settlers of the area from Oshkosh, Wise Mail came once a week over the Star Route from Sykeston. Soon after the Fessenden post office was established, the Oshkosh post office dis­ continued Feb. 12, 1894. (10, pp. 145, 166; 80) ROOSEVELT: A post office established June 2, 1905 in the home of the postmaster, Michael Rasmussen in Johnson Twp.; discontinued April 30, 1908. The post office was supposedly named for Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States at that time. (10, p. 257) ROSS: See DOVER.

SYKESTON: Named for Richard Sykes, a former wealthy merchant of Manchester, England, who platted the village in 1883 on Sec. 13-146-69. He was one of the first to follow agricultural pursuits in Wells County, and whose bonanza operations drew settlers from Eng­ land, and resulted in the construction of the railroad through the county. He owned 92,000 acres of land in this area. The post office was established Oct. 11, 1883 with Harry L. Durbrow, postmaster and operator of a general merchandise store. Sykeston was originally the county seat established by the Sykes interest in connection with large landholdings in this area. The construction of the Soo R. R. through the center of the county resulted in a county seat contest terminating in favor of Fessenden in 1894, and many .Sykeston residents moved there. (2; 10, p. 63; 38, vol. 4, no. 10, p. 387; 38,'vol. 1, no. 12, p. 20, 73; 08) TWIST: A post office established near the present town of Bremen Feb. 28, 1898, with Jesse D. Twist, postmaster. It was superseded by rural free delivery mail route from Cathay, and discontinued April 30, 1909. (10, p. 257) 343 VALHALL: A rural post office named for its township was estab­ lished March 25, 1891 in the home of the postmaster, Peter M. Matt­ son; discontinued Nov. 11, 1892 and mail sent to New Rockford. The township was named by its Scandinavian settlers. In Norse myth­ ology, Valhall or Valhalla is the hall of Odin, into which he receives the souls of heroes slain in battle. (80) VIKING: See HAMBERG. WELLSBURG: The county and the post office established March 25, 1890 in Germantown Twp. with Gottfried Schlichter as postmaster were named for E. P. Wells, a member of the Territorial Legislature of 1881, identified with the development of Jamstown and the James River Valley for more than 20 years. This Great Northern Ry. station of Wellsburg began with the auction sale of town lots June 24, 1910, originally part of Hans Vorland's claim in Sec. 9, Fram Twp. The post office was established here April 1, 1913 with Jacob Heil, postmaster. (5, p. 499; 10, p. 146; 21; 80) WHITBY: Although the first settlers came to this area in 1886, it was not until February 27, 1890, that the post office was established, when the Star Mail Route was extended here from Oshkosh. It was located in Forward Twp. in the farm home of the postmaster, Wm. Montgom­ ery, Sr., who named it for his former home in Ontario, Canada. The office was discontinued October 2, 1893. (10, p. 146; 80)

WILLIAMS COUNTY ALAMO: Associations historic, arboreal and heroic are in this Span­ ish name which means cottonwood or poplar. COTTONWOOD or COTTONWOOD LAKE variously was the earliest name of this village first settled in 1904. Len Heen, an 1899 pioneer saw the advantages of this area for ranching and settled on the bank of Cottonwood Lake and ran a large outfit there. This was the largest natural lake in this part of the state. It derived its name from the growth of cottonwood trees along its shore. After the homestead law allowed more acre­ age, there was a grand influx of settlers to this area. A trading post and a freighting station was established at Len Heen's ranch which evolved into the village of Cottonwood. The post office was estab­ lished in the Heen ranch house July 26, 1907 with Mrs. Nellie E. Heen, postmaster. The townsite of ALAMO was staked on the Great North­ ern branch railroad, one mile farther west, on Sec. 22, Rock Island Twp. Cottonwood moved to Alamo. The post office was established in Alamo, March 1, 1917 with Roy Whitaker, postmaster. This was four years after the city, San Antonio, Texas, began the restoration of the Alamo Mission, where a grove of cottonwood marked a bloody incident of the war for Texas Independence. (19, vol. 13, no. 3, 80)

344 ANGIE: A rural post office in the north central part of the county near Muddy Creek established June 25, 1904 with Joseph W. Wiltse, postmaster; discontinued May 15, 1914 and mail sent to Ray. Origin of the name not known. (80) APPAM: The Great Northern Ry. officials named and selected the site of this village in Sec. 27, Blue Ridge Twp. founded in 1916. It was given a coined name, which has no local significance. They want­ ed the station names varied to avoid confusion. The post office was established August 17, 1917 with Francis E. Pilgrim, postmaster. (19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 126; 80) AVOCA: This was a post office near Stony Creek established Octo­ ber 4, 1904 with Arthur L. Hosmer, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1910. It is a loading station on the Great Northern Ry. about six miles northeast of Williston. It was named for Avoca, Minn., the word be­ ing related to "avocation" from the Latin (avocatus) — called away, withdrawn. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) BAGNAL: A rural post office, thought to be named for a local ranch­ er was established September 14, 1903 with Richard C. Ike, postmast­ er; discontinued February 15, 1909. This was three miles from the old government trail between Bismarck and Fort Buford. (80) BONETRAILL: In 1903, Charles O. Barstad, a locator, selected his homestead in the northwest part of the county, on the south side of the big Divide, where all the waterways find their way to the Mis­ souri. On June 19, 1905, a post office was established in his home, named Bonetraill and he was appointed postmaster. It derived its name from the fact, that it was situated on the old trail over which the pioneers used to haul buffalo bones to Williston to sell. In 1905 he started in business — general merchandise and farm machinery. A settlement grew around it. In the spring of 1910, O. I. Wilson, a neighbor since 1903, joined him in this enterprise, to which a freight station was added. Trains of wagons equipped with large grain tanks, pulled by large gasoline tractors, freighted to and from Willis­ ton almost daily. Mail was carried from the Marmon post office six miles east. (10, p. 729; 80)

BUFORD: A government townsite was established in the center of the Fort Buford tract two years or so after the fort had been disman­ tled. A post office was established February 5, 1897 with Thomas R. Forbes, postmaster. It was named for its township which was named by early residents for Fort Buford. Its garrison was established a mile west of this townsite in 1866. (19, vol. 13, no. 3; 80) CORINTH: A rural post office established forty-five miles north­ east of Williston, January 29, 1907 in Sec. 10 of Big Stone Twp. with 345 Laur S. Evenson, postmaster, is thought to have been named by him for Corinth, in Saratoga County, N. Y. In 1916 it became a station on the Great Northern branch line. (19, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 142; 80) COTTONWOOD: See ALAMO. COTTONWOOD LAKE: See ALAMO- DOW: A rural post office established July 9, 1914 in the south cen­ tral part of the county on the Missouri River. This is a ranching country and the post office is supposedly named for Wilmot Dow, a well known cattle-ranch foreman there and former woodsman, who came from Maine in 1885 and had charge of Theodore Roosevelt's Elkhorn Ranch. Others think it was named for the first postmaster, Fred Dow Larkin. (19, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 150-4; 31, p. 505; 80) EAST SPRING BROOK: See SPRING BROOK. EPPING: Named by the English stockholders of the N.P.R.R. town- site company for Epping, England. The post office was established March 10, 1906 with Asa D. Lawrence, postmaster. The village incor­ porated in 1913. (20, p. 248; 76; 80) FORT BUFORD: In August 1864 General Alfred Sully selected this strategic site for a military reservation, a few miles below the junc­ tion of the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers. The fort was established June 15, 1866 and a one company infantry post was built on the north bank of the Missouri near the confluence with the Yellowstone from materials of old Fort Union about a mile west which had been aban­ doned. Like many frontier military posts built during and after the Civil War period this post was named for a deceased Union officer, Maj. Gen. John Buford, who distinguished himself in the Battle of Gettysberg 1863. Fort Buford was constructed to keep open the over­ land emigrant route and the Missouri River navigation. In July 1867 the garrison was increased to five companies and a post office was es­ tablished here Sept. 11 that same year. Reservation declared Aug. 18, 1868 and comprised an area of 30 miles square. Fort Buford played an important part in the campaign against the Sioux in 1877-81 but during the early 1890s it became increasingly evident that Fort Bu­ ford was no longer needed. The post was officially discontinued Oct. 21, 1895. The post office was discontinued soon after, on Nov. 14, 1895 and mail sent to Williston. (5, p. 303; 11, p. 104; 19, vol. 22, 1 & 2, p. 59; 80) FORT FLOYD: See FORT UNION. FORTIER: A rural post office established May 19, 1905 with F. G. Fortier, postmaster. Long since discontinued. (80) 346 FORT MORTIMER: The identity of the site or the origin of its name are not definitely known, historians mention this fur trading post, built by Fox, Livingston Co., also known as the Union Fur Co., in 1842 a short distance from the Fort William site, but they leave a confused picture. These new traders did not long survive the competition of Fort Union, and in 1846 found it expedient to sell out to the American Fur Co. Some 12 years later an adobe trading post was erected here, but little is known of it, other than that it was abandoned in 1858 and was finally torn down in 1866, its material being used in the building of Fort Buford. (5, p. 179; 19, vol. 22, no. 1 & 2, p. 65) FORT UNION: In 1828 Kenneth McKenzie, a member of the Ameri­ can Fur Company, also known as 's built here its principle post on the upper Missouri, three miles from the mouth of the Yellowstone, a few hundred yards east of the present Montana line. The surveyed county site, NEy.SEy, Se 7-152-104. It was first named FORT FLOYD. The name "Fort Union" was applied to the post built about 200 miles above the mouth of the Yellowstone. By the end of 1830, the name "Union" was given Fort Floyd because The American Fur Co. had joined The Columbia Fur Co.; also it was regarded as a point upon which all the routes of trade could be united. From 1831 to 1867 it was the best known as well as the most strongly built post in the West. This fort was built to compete with the Hudson's Bay Co. for trade with the Blackfeet, Assiniboines, Crows and Piegans. Unfortunately, the traders were more interested in getting furs cheaply than in preserving the morale of the Indians. Whiskey, although prohibited, flowed freely. Quar­ rels between the Indians and white men were frequent. Gen. Alfred Sully made a visit to the post in 1864, following his campaign against the Sioux, he recommended government control of the trading posts if peace were ever to be made with the Indians. Upon his recommen­ dation, Fort Union was dismantled in August, 1865, and its materials brought in June 1866 to Fort Buford, three miles further down on the same side of the river. Fort Buford was made a five company post in 1867. (7, p. 269; 19, vol. 22, nos. 1 & 2, p. 65; 31, p. 203) FORT WILLIAM: In 1833 a fur trading post was built by William L. Sublette and Robert Campbell of St. Louis on the Missouri near the mouth of the Yellowstone, on almost the identical spot where Fort Buford was later built. It was perhaps named for Sublette. They found themselves treated as intruders by the monopolistic American Fur Co. post at Fort Union, about two and one-half miles distant. Af­ ter about a year of bitter rivalry an agreement was reached. Sublette and Campbell sold Fort William to the John Jacob Astor's American Fur Co. and moved west, leaving the profitable upper Missouri Valley trade to Fort Union. (5, p. 178; 19, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 64) 347 FREDERICKSON: A rural post office on Sand Creek established March 19, 1907 with Frederick R. Frederickson, postmaster; discon­ tinued Nov. 15, 1909. (80) GAMBETTA: An inland post office midway of Cow and Sand Creeks established Jan. 13, 1909 with Isaac Decker, postmaster; discontinued Sept. 30, 1912 and mail sent to Bonetraill. Origin of name not known. (80) GLADYS: A rural post office at the source of Muddy Creek estab­ lished March 1, 1906, with William H. Rowe, postmaster; discontinued March 15, 1918 and mail sent to Grenora. Origin of name not known. (80) GRENORA: Named for its township; established in Sec. 12 on the homestead of Mrs. Ragner Anderson, 46 miles north of Williston in 1916 when the Great Northern constructed a branch line to Grenora, its terminal station. Grenora is a coined word from the first few let­ ters of (Gre)at (No)rthern (Ra)ilroad. The post office was estab­ lished Nov. 25, 1916 with Lydia Elstad, postmaster. Grenora incor­ porated as a village Oct. 11, 1917. It was a boom town for 15 years, a primary grain market of North Dakota and far into Montana; now it is only a few miles from the oil fields. (53, Sec. D. p. 2; 76; 80) GRINNELL: This post office, located in SEy, Sec. 20-154-95, was named for George W. Grinnell, a Civil War veteran, who was trans­ ferred from the First Minn. Reg. to the U. S. Cavalry, Oct. 24, 1862, and sent into Dakota Territory for Indian warfare. Out of service, he selected bottom land of the Missouri River along Beaver Creek to farm and became the first settler in Williams County. He operated a wood- yard in the vicinity and sold wood to the steamboats in the early 70. Following the construction of the telegraph line between Forts Steven­ son and Buford in 1878, a repair station was located here. The station was moved to Tobacco Garden, 10 miles west in 1881. By 1879 Grin­ nell had contracted with the government to supply oats for the Fort Buford horses. He dammed Beaver Creek and irrigated when needed, the 1,400 acres mainly in oats, which yielded 100 to 150 bushels per acre. He employed about 16 men to help operate the farm-ranch, roadhouse, saloon and small store. The post office was established here on Nov. 4, 1884 and continued in existence until the end of 1920, when it was discontinued. Apparently the post office had been moved from its original location, for the 1943 map indicates it is being in Sec. 7-154-95, some three miles distant from its original site. (19, vol. 22, 1 & 2, p. 55; 50, p. 57) HAARSTAD: See TEMPLE. HAMLET: This G.N.R.R. station was originally named HANKEY, when the post office in Sec. 2, Big Meadow Twp., was established in 348 1911 with Frank D. Hankey, postmaster. In 1913 townsite officials platted four blocks and renamed it descriptively, Hamlet. (10, p. 749; 76) HANKEY: See HAMLET. HANKS: On Nov. 30, 1906, Howard W. Nelson established a post of­ fice, a store and blacksmith shop here and the settlers called the place HOWARD, his given name; others claimed it was named for Wm. A. Howard, land commissioner for the G.N.R.R. When the Grenora branch of the Great Northern Railroad reached here in 1916, the town- site company platted the village in Sec. 13 Barr Butte Twp. and gave it the descriptive name of MESA, which was soon changed to Hanks for W. F. Hanks, a Powers Lake rancher and banker connected with the townsite company. The Hanks post office was established Dec. 19, 1916 with Charles W. Johnson, postmaster. (20, p. 219; 38, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 30; 76; 80) HAPPY: A rural post office established Aug. 5, 1908 in the home of the first postmaster, Benjamin Happy. Discontinued now. (80) HARRY: At this station on the Wildrose branch of the Great North­ ern Railroad, a post office was established Jan. 18, 1912 with Edward W. Battleson, postmaster; discontinued April 10, 1913 and mail sent to Hamlet. It may have been named for Harry V. Johnston, early rancher in the Medora area. (80) HARTE: A short-lived post office established June 30, 1892 with Paul Ziner, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 25, 1893. Location or the origin of the name not known. (80) HIGLEY: An inland post office between Cow and Sand Creeks es­ tablished Dec. 11, 1905 with Van Bernard, postmaster; discontinued May 31, 1909. Origin of name not known. (80) HOFFLUND: On Dec. 6, 1895 a post office was established by John C. Hoff in Sec. 13 of the township which was also named for him. It was discontinued Oct. 3, 1907 and mail sent to Nesson, two miles north­ west. . In 1908 it was reestablished in Sec. 13 and continued in oper­ ation until the 1930s. (19, vol. 22, no. 1 & 2, p. 56; 80) HOWARD: See HANKS. LITTLE MUDDY: See WILLISTON. LYNDALE: A rural post office near the source of Painted Woods Creek established June 24, 1907 with Edward G. Sutton, postmaster; discontinued Aug. 31, 1910. Origin of name not known. (80) MANGER: A rural post office in the north central part of the coun­ ty on Muddy Creek established Dec. 18, 1906 named for the first post- 349 master, Johannes O. Manger; discontinued Sept. 30,' 1913 and mail sent to Zahl. (80) MARLEY: The second station on the G.N.R.R. east of Buford. No data available. MARMON: A post office established July 26, 1902 in the pioneer ranch home of Stephan Marmon, 18 miles north of Williston. Later the post office was moved two miles north to Kelley's ranch; still la­ ter to the Brown farm and finally back to the Marmon ranch. In 1929 it was transferred to the Casper Sytle farm, two miles southwest of the Marmon ranch. (10, p. 767; 76) McGREGOR: Named for William McGregor, early settler, who es­ tablished the first post office in his farm home in Sec. 14, Sauk Valley Twp., Feb. 9, 1905. The village that built around it was platted in 1910 and is now a station on the Wild Rose branch of the Great North­ ern Railway. (51, 12/7/16; 76; 80) MESA: See HANKS- MILLER'S SPUR: A spur track of the Great Northern Railway to the R. N. Miller Coal Mine in Cedar Coulee, with a loading station five miles southeast of Williston. This mine had a 12 foot vein of lig­ nite coal. MONDAK: A Great Northern Railway station on the (Mon)tana- (Dak)ota line, established in 1900, was given this coined name from the first three letters of each state name. It was a boom town until 1920 supported by the North Dakota prohibition law. Main street on the Montana side was mainly saloons. It was also an important ferry point on the Missouri River until the Snowden Bridge was built in 1913. The elevators handled grain from the surrounding area as well as from the boats and barges. When the country went dry, the town soon ceased to exist. What was left of the original town was destroyed by fire in 1928. (1/12/62, Edgar I. Syverud, Dagmar, Mont. NESSON: The original site of Nesson post office, as shown on one map, was on Sec. 11-154-96 of Nesson Flats. The first survey maps of 1896 show it was located on Baldwin's Ranch in the NEy, Sec. 15- 154-97; however, another map indicates that Nesson is in Sec. 18 of the same township, about three miles from the original site. The post office was established June 9, 1886 in the ranch home of the first post­ master, Charles Baldwin. It was discontinued in 1918. Baldwin bought out Leighton and Jordon and in.the 1870s started the first ranch on Nesson Flats. Origin of name not known. (19, vol. 22, 1 and 2, p. 56; 80) PERSEVERE: An inland post office named to eulogize a strong characteristic of the pioneer settlers, was established at the source 350 of Cow Creek, August 14, 1909 with Emma Elton, postmaster; discon­ tinued May 23, 1912. (80) POLEGA: A post office established Feb. 9, 1904 in the farm home of the first postmaster, Emil Polega; discontinued Aug. 14, 1909. (80) RAY: Platted in 1901 on Sec. 9, Equality Twp. by the townsite own­ ers, Nick Comfort and Mr. Webster, who named it for Ray Payton, an 1886 pioneer of that area. Another record states that the railroad townsite officials named the station for Al G. Ray, chief special agent of the road at that time. Others supposed it was named for William Ray of Dickinson, roadmaster of the G.N.R.R. meanwhile. Redlich and Hanson opened up and operated the first store and established the post office March 18, 1902 with Glen R. Byrke, postmaster. Ray is one of the eight three-letter place names in North Dakota. (20, p. 247; 53, sec. D. p. 2; 76; 80) SCOTT: A rural post office near the Montana-Dakota line estab­ lished March 21, 1906 in the home of Adah Scott, the postmaster: dis­ continued Nov. 30, 1912 and mail sent to Buford. (80) SNOOK: A rural post office established February 15, 1908 in the home of the postmaster, Holmes O. Snook, rescinded Nov. 25, 1908. (80) SPRINGBROOK: It is now located on its third building site in Sec. 10 of the township for which it was named. The township was named for the numerous springs in Stony Creek which flows through it. Its first location was about a mile west of its present site; then it was moved a mile and one-half east of its present site and known as EAST SPRINGBROOK to distinguish it from the small village nearby with a post office established May 8, 1903 with Jacob L. Kingston, postmast­ er, which passed out of existence. When the Great Northern installed a pumping station, the village moved to its present location and dropped the word East from its name. The land on which the village is now located was once part of the P. Pollock homestead. (4/14/64, Mrs. Eva Urban, Williston, N. D., 76; 80) SQUIRES: A rural post office established near the Montana state line Sept. 23, 1904 in the home of the postmaster, Herman A Squires; discontinued May 31, 1914. (80) STANDARD SPUR: A spur track of the G.N.R.R. extending to the Holland Coal Mine 3y, miles northeast of Williston, operated by the Holland Bros, where a coal loading station was established with Standard Scales. STELLA: A rural post office established July 20, 1907 with Andrew J. Aaberg, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 30, 1912 and mail sent to Wildrose. Origin of name not known. (80) 351 STORDAHL: An inland post office established Nov. 24, 1903 with Edward O. Salverson, postmaster; discontinued Jan. 15, 1913 and mail sent to Wildrose. Origin of name not known. (80) TEMPLE: A rural post office, six miles west of Tioga, established July 16, 1906; originally named HAARSTAD for the postmaster and townsite owner, Ole G. Haarstad, as was the township. When it be­ came a railroad station the G. N. Railway officials changed the name to Temple, which has no local significance. The post office was es­ tablished March 12, 1908. (76; 80) THIERS: An inland post office near the Montana-Dakota state line established Nov. 25, 1908 with Zed Campbell, postmaster; discontin­ ued June 30, 1913 and mail sent to Bonetraill. Origin of name not known. (80) TIOGA: In the early part of the summer of 1887, the Great North­ ern Railway spur from Minot was extended into eastern Williams County, but it was not until homesteaders from Tioga County, N. Y., settled here and in 1902 organized the township giving it the name Tioga as well as the shopping center, one mile west of its present site on the railroad. A post office was established here December 5, 1902, with Nels W. Simon, postmaster. Tioga is the Iroquois Indian name for "Peaceful Valley," descriptive of this area as well as the Tioga area in New York. Tioga incorporated as a village in 1909 and has prospered since its beginning. Cattle ranches gave way to wheat farms, which are now dotted with oil wells through out the county. Oil and natural gas were discovered April 4, 1951, the first in North Dakota on the Clarence Iverson farm, eight miles south of Tioga. Its industries have expanded over the entire state. (7/30/55, Tioga Chamber of Commerce; 80) TODD: A loading station on the Great Northern Ry. seven and one- half miles southwest of Williston, named for Boyd Todd, an early rancher in this area. TRENTON: This station on the Great Northern Ry. was founded in 1894 when a section house and a tavern (beanery) were erected. Both were operated by Dan Mitchell. It is believed the station was named by the railroad stockholders for Trenton, N. J. When the township was organized it was named for this station, which is located in Sec. 17, Tioga Twp., and is three and one-half miles from the Missouri River. The post office was established here March 26, 1903 with Lorenzo J. Egall, postmaster. (10, 790; 19, vol. 22, nos. 1 and 2, p. 59; 76; 80) TRUAX: This inland village is thought to be named for John Truax of Hastings, Minn., who kept a saloon at the end of the G.N.R.R. track 352 and moved along with its construction camps. The Truax post office was established in the south central part of the county May 13, 1903 with Charles L. Gemberling, postmaster; discontinued July 15, 1909. (19, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 52; 80) V AND ALIA: A post office near the north county line on Muddy Creek established Jan. 25, 1906, with William C. Gause, postmaster; discontinued Nov. 30, 1913. Thought to be named by homesteaders from Vandalia, Missouri. (80) WHEELOCK: This Great Northern station was platted in Sec. 35 of Wheelock Twp. on the homestead of Jim Maloney in 1902. Named for Ralph M. Wheelock, an editorial writer on the Minneapolis Trib­ une in the early 1900's. To show his appreciation, he bestowed a town pump to the community. The post office was established Aug. 1, 1902, with James W. Maloney, postmaster. The village was in­ corporated in 1916. It is at the point of highest elevation (2,387 alt.) on the G.N.R.R. in the state. (Grand Forks Herald, 7/25/40, p. 4; 20, p. 248; 53, sec. D, p. 14; 76; 80) WILDROSE: The name of this station was suggested by the pro­ fusion of wild roses in bloom on the surrounding prairie in the sum­ mer of 1909 when the Great Northern Ry. constructed this terminal station of its branch line from Stanley. The land chosen for the townsite platted June 24, 1910, in See 2 of Hazel Twp., was part of Martin Akre's homestead. The post office was established July 13, 1910, with Mrs. Palmer, postmaster. Montrose and Paddington, in­ land towns nearby, soon merged into Wildrose and from 1911 to 1916 it was a "boom" town; due largely to the coming of the railroad freight service. It became the largest primary grain market in the United States. Wildrose incorporated as a city in January, 1913. (53, sec. D, p. 2; 76; 80) WILLISTON: In November, 1887, the Great Northern R.R. terminal was moved from Buford to Williston situated in Sees. 13, 14, 23 and 24-154-101 and division headquarters have been maintained there ever since. It was named at that time by James J. Hill, builder and first president of the Great Northern Railway, for his friend S. Willis James of New York City, who was one of the stockholders of the com­ pany and with whom he had just made a routine trip to this struggling settlement; but it grew fast and incorporated as a village April 2, 1894. Williston was first known as LITTLE MUDDY. This area near Fort Buford in the early days was a meeting place of the Indians, fur trap­ pers and traders. Because of an edict prohibiting trade within an area of 20 miles surrounding Fort Buford, a community center sprang up just beyond that, near where Stony Creek flows into the Little Muddy. The first white settler here was Robert Matthews, employed 353 by the post traders at. Fort Buford in the 1870's to cut hay for the cavalry. He, in turn, hired crews to cut wood for the steamboats and he kept a stock of goods for sale. The post office, known as Little Muddy, was established here Jan. 15, 1884, with G. B. Metzger, post­ master. A few miles west on higher ground, during the construction of the railroad, a tent colony with a few log cabins sprung up along Siding 25, which was designated the Williston townsite. On Jan. 12, 1887, the post office at Little Muddy was discontinued there and re­ established at Williston with Mrs. Fanny Cates, the first white woman to locate here, appointed postmaster. "Yellowstone" Kelly, mail carrier and noted scout, built the first log hut on the Williston town- site in the early 1870's. Williston incorporated as a city in 1904. (7, pp. 259-61; p. 797; 41, p. 67; 53, 10/21/49, sec. D, p. 3) ZAHL: Located in Sec. 26, Scoria Twp., and named for Frederick R. Zahl, who came to this area in the early 1870's and became an out­ standing buffalo hunter and rancher. With his son-in-law, Thomas Freeman, he had a ranch 38 miles northwest of Williston and ran the largest cattle outfit along the Missouri River. Widely known as "Doc," he was scout for the sportsmen and buffalo hunters from 1878 to 1888. The first post office was established on the Zahl ranch just east of the present site of the village, April 18, 1905, with Eric Dohm- streich, postmaster. Zahl is now a station on the Stanley - Grenora branch of the Great Northern Railway. (20, p. 214; 31, p. 493; 76; 80)

354 REFERENCES

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