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HESPERIA 75 (2006) 16 I3 1055 B AND THE Pages 83?119 BOUNDARY OF MELITE AND KOLLYTOS ABSTRACT on Two rupestral horoi found the Hill of the Nymphs inAthens, IG I31055 A : are a (?opo? ?io? [retrograde with reversed sigmas]) and B (#opo?), not as single boustrophedon text usually edited. Investigation of the possibility a a that B marked deme boundary, prefaced by discussion of deme formation and territoriality, yields evidence that the ancient street that passed south of on horos B its route from the Agora to the saddle between the Hill of the Nymphs and the Pnyx divided the urban demes ofMelite and Kollytos. This was argument challenges the traditional view that the Pnyx inMelite. The an study concludes with approximation of the full extent ofMelite. IGV 1055 B In 1835 Kyriakos S. Pittakis published the first edition of two Archaic rupes : tral horoi (IGV 1055 A: ?opo? ?io? [retrograde with reversed sigmas] and near IG I3 1055 B:h?poc?) that he had found four years earlier the midpoint western of the south edge of the northeast spur of the Hill of the Nymphs in Athens (Figs. 1-3).l On the plateau of this bedrock spur are rock-cuttings as noted by topographers and archaeologists of the 19th century remnants of at am 1. Pittakis 1835, pp. 460-461; Marie Mauzy for scanning and editing all stages of the work. I also the two are to to inscriptions referred the illustrations; Anne Hooton for the indebted Stephen V. Tracy, Director in as A the present study horos and drawing of Fig. 1; Craig Mauzy for of the American School of Classical at to horos B. preparation of Fig. 5; Judith Binder, Studies Athens, and his staff for I would like to Kevin the resources express my gratitude Nancy Bookidis, Glowacki, the and services of the Biegen to Michael to the following institutions and per late Jameson, Mathilda N. and Gennadius Libraries, and the sons to trustees who contributed this study: the Liberman, Molly Richardson, and other benefactors of Grin Greek Ministry of Culture and A. I. Ronald S. Stroud, and Charles K. nell College for financial support of former in the Greek and to the to Trianti, ephor Williams, anonymous Hespe this study.Finally, Iwould like thank for ria all of whom this Editor o? and Archaeological Service, permission referees, improved Tracey Cullen, Hesperia, to for the work or read her for care study publication rupestral by generously discussing colleagues their and patience horoi on the northeast of the Hill and or all of it. I am in the spur ing evaluating part preparation of this publication. to are of the Nymphs; Munindra Khaund for especially grateful Dorothea Lalonde All translations those of the help with computing technology; for her generous assistance and support author, unless otherwise noted. ? The American School of Classical Studies at Athens 84 GERALD V. LALONDE 100 200 300 AH 1999 1. Figure Western Athens. A. Hooton, Agora Excavations THE BOUNDARY OF MELITE AND KOLLYTOS 85 "SE Figure 2. Athens (1931) from the the to shrine of Zeus referred by horos A.2 In antiquity visitors approached northeast of the Hill of west; spur an this shrine from adjacent road, dubbed here "Nymphs/Pnyx Street" the Nymphs in the foreground. 1), via a crude rock-cut 3:C) up to the of the Photo courtesy Agora Excavations (Fig. stairway (Fig. plateau a cut spur and then path (Fig. 3:D) with treads in its surface leading from east to west two up the south edge of the spur. The inscriptions are located on m the north side of this path about 12 west of stairway C; horos B lies m 2.0 north of the rock-cut path D, and horos A, directly behind and par to m to were allel it, another 1.39 the north. Both inscriptions cut facing south with the obvious intention that they be read from path D. Beginning two a with Pittakis's editio princeps, the inscriptions have had substantial one editorial tradition, but that has left many questions unanswered and was a problems unsolved. As I preparing complete epigraphical study of horoi A and B for publication elsewhere, the question of the relationship of two the inscriptions loomed distinctly enough towarrant separate treatment a here. Could they be explained in common context, or did horos B have a was to separate purpose, and, finally, that purpose mark the boundary between the demes Melite and Kollytos? to Relevant the relationship of horoi A and B is the question of their dating. The dating of horos A in prior publications has ranged widely in the 6th and 5th centuries B.c.3 Its general appearance (Fig. 4) puts it among the in we can out oldest horoi published /GI3, but rule C. E. Ritchie's suggested a as upper and lower bars of closed heta (B)4 natural fissures parallel with 2. E.g., Pittakis 1852, p. 683; Milch p. 188; Ritchie 1984, p. 540; Lazaridou see h?fer 1885, p. 153;Wachsmuth 1890, 2002, p. 40. For 6th/5th century, pp. 255-256. Judeich (1931, p. 398) IG I31055 A and B. For the early 5th see andWycherley (1978, p. 188) note the century, Meritt, Lethen, and Sta to no no. shrine but refer evidence beyond mires 1957, p. 91, 37. the horoi. in term 4.1 follow LSAG using the 3. For a see Harri to 6th-century date, "heta" differentiate the early Attic son letter H from 1890, p. 108; Judeich 1931, p. 398; for the Spiritus asper Ionic Ervin H for 1959, p. 156;Wycherley 1978, (eta) the long-^ vowel. 86 GERALD V. LALONDE N t s/ lg<^Aw?i4i??^* we are 3. Northeast of the Hill others above and below the letter, and thus not obliged to date horos Figure spur of the After J. Schmidt, in A before the early third quarter of the 6th century, when Attic inscriptions Nymphs. Curtius 1868, 7, with additions seem to have H = pi. by fully adopted the open h.5 The evidence that tailed rho G. V. Lalonde first appears in the last years of the 6th century or, at least, in the very early an part of the 5th century is helpful for approximate anterior date,6 but setting the lower chronological limits of both tailed rho and three-barred amatter sigma is of continuing, intense debate.7 Nor does the right-to-left direction of horos A indicate an earlier date than B, as the old idea that to to was Attic writing evolved from retrograde boustrophedon orthograde refuted long ago by L. H. Jeffery.8 are a means While letter forms by themselves very fallible of dating on a inscriptions, except broad scale, reliably dated texts with lettering to an comparable that of horos A may provide approximate date. Particu are larly noteworthy parallels the Archaic horoi of the Athenian Agora a came (Fig. 5).When second in situ horos of the Agora to light in 1967 = (Agora XIX, H26 [I 7039] IG I3 1088), Homer Thompson noted that ca. b.c. was the date of 500 that proposed for the horos found in situ in = 1938 (AgoraXIX,H25 [I 5510] IGl31087) on the basis of pottery in its c or 5. Ritchie 1984, p. 540, TA 112, (Agora I 2470, fir. a, [= IGV 231, the middle of the 5th century in 13 he drew fir. recent suppl. fig. (here correctly a, c]), pi. 29\a, c; p. 102; Vanderpool its last quarter. The articles of as the supposed horizontal top bar 1942, pp. 329-333, fig. 3 (= IGV 2 Henry (2001) andMattingly (1999) and for enclosed 500 oblique rounded); [ca. b.c.]). support those respective positions and see Attic 7. to the is can serve to heta, LSAG, p. 66, heta, type Central polemic whether recapitulate the debate and 66 for the Attic of the and its most 1, p. adoption Athenian Standards Decree (IG I3 bibliography. See, recently, = the H h. 1453; see, e.g., GXLVIII 58) and Matthaiou 2004. 6. see also the LSAG, p. 67; Jeffery Egesta Decree (IGV 11; see, e.g., 8. LSAG, pp. 43-50. on 1948, p. 88, commentary no. 66 ffiGXLVIII 55) are to be dated about AND KOLLYTOS THE BOUNDARY OF MELITE 87 Figure 4. Horos A (IG I31055 A). Photo and drawing G. V. Lalonde not setting trench could establish the dating for the whole series, that is, long before the end of the 6th century.9 John Papadopoulos has recently a noted that reliable dating of relevant pottery deposits is still in question a as as and that the letter forms of the Agora horoi could allow date late was shortly after 480 b.c., when he has argued that the Classical Agora as founded.10 The letter forms could conceivably be that late, but T. L. Shear noted in 1939, the next layer of road metal above the level through which was the horos set contained ostraka of Themistokles and Hippokrates that to ostra may have belonged, according to Thompson andWycherley, the cism of 482 b.c.11 an treatment are as I suggested in earlier of these horoi that if they to enter sociated with a law of Kleisthenes forbidding atimoi the Agora more attrac (Dem. 24.60; Andoc. 1.71.76), then the earlier dating maybe are tive.12 To be sure, the letters of the Agora horoi somewhat smaller and 9. Shear 1939, pp. 205-206 trench); the datings by Shear (1978) 1976, pp. 78-80 and n.
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