Report on Territorial Diagnosis. Emilia-Romagna

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CREADIS3: REPORT ON TERRITORIAL DIAGNOSIS. EMILIA-ROMAGNA

Emilia-Romagna Region June 2018 2

INDEX

1. General introduction...... 3

1.1. The Project...... 3

1.2. The partner and the project...... 4

2. Regional contexts...... 6

2.1. Territory’s General Profile...... 6

2.2. Territory’s CCI Profile...... 8

3. CCIs Sector Analysis: evolution and current situation...... 14

3.1. Evolution...... 14

3.2. Current Situation...... 17

3.3. Creative Districts...... 20

4. CCIs sector characterization...... 22

4.1. Stakeholders...... 22

4.2. Mapping 1 - Competences...... 24

4.3. Mapping 2 - Regional creative ecosystem...... 30

4.4. Good practices...... 32

5. SWOT Analysis of the CCI sector...... 34

6. Conclusions...... 36

7. Appendix...... 37

8. Bibliography...... 39 3

1/ GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1. The Project

Introduction

CREADIS3 – “Smart Specialisation Creative Districts” is an INTERREG EUROPE project, focused on Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs), with a partnership coming from 6 EU countries: Regional Government of the Basque Country; Regional Council of Central Fin- land; Emilia Romagna Region; Public Service of Wallonia; Ministry of Culture of the Slovak Republic; Region of Western Greece. Emilia-Romagna Region Head of theUnit for Research, Innovation, Energy andSustainableEconomy Silvano Bertini Authors of thereport of CCIs andthetransfer of good practices. tion, jointactivitiesto becarriedout,synergies between thedifferent authorities incharge At thesametime,Region willbenefit from others’ experiences through cross collabora the establishmentof consolidated networks amongexperienced organizations. tools to helpyoung or potential entrepreneurs inreaching international markets, through and other industries. Moreover, itwillbenefit from thedevelopment of new policiesand Emilia-Romagna Region expects the activation of relationships, over time, between CCIs high innovative potential andemployment for thefuture. essential inreinforcing theregional emerging culture andcreative clusters, whichhave a potential of CCIs, contributing to territorial andregional economic development. CCIs are Emilia-Romagna Region willbenefit from theimplementation of CREADIS3,boostingthe Main objective withintheproject 1.2. The partner andtheproject It isdeclinedin6sub-objectives, along2prioritythemes: economic development inEuropean regions. development of more efficient CCI policies in territories, aiming to generate innovation and The mainobjective of CREADIS3isto alignterritorial publicpolicy agendas to supportthe Main objective of CREADIS3 • • Improving institutionalgovernance. Boosting CCIs contribution to regional development. -

CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE General introduction 4 Updated version: August –October 2018 First version: January –February 2018 History of thereport External collaborator Rosangela Saputo Emilia-Romagna Region Unit for Research, Innovation, Energy andSustainableEconomy Angelica Laterza

CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE General introduction 5 6

2/ REGIONAL CONTEXTS

2.1. Territory’s general profile

Emilia-Romagna is a region located in the north-eastern part of Italy. It has 9 provinces (Piacenza, Parma, Reggio-Emilia, Modena, Bologna, Forlì-Cesena, Ravenna, Ferrara, Rimini) and 331 Municipalities. It has a good strategic position thanks to an efficient infrastructure system that connects it with central Europe and with northern and southern Italy. Transver- sally the “Via Emilia” crosses the main regional logistic nodes. The high-speed railway line connects Bologna and Reggio Emilia with Turin, Milan, Florence, Rome, Naples. There are three international airports, several interports and the port of Ravenna. 1 https://profilo.forumpa.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/I-city-rate-2017-sintesi.pdf of life according to theOECD report ontheBetter Life Index (BLI)publishedin2015. 2017 ICityRate report implemented by FPA1. Emilia-Romagna shows ahighlevel of quality Bologna, together withFlorence andMilan, isthesmartcityof the future according to the Parmigiano Reggiano, Prosciutto diParma, balsamicvinegar of Modena, etc.). heritage, excellent food andwinetraditions (highnumber of PDOandPGIproducts suchas presence of voluntary organizations, numerous natural parks,arichartisticandcultural thanks to highqualityhealthcare services, sustainableurban structures, services, large The standard of livinginEmilia-Romagna israted amongthehighestinItaly andinEurope, health, etc). ous fields (physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, nanotechnology, energy andenvironment, Council (CNR), with 11 scientific institutes and other national research organizations in vari- The region hostsmany highlyspecialized research centers, includingtheNational Research to scientific subjects. (both Milanese), theregion offers awide range of academic courses, from art to humanistic ma, Ferrara and with the presence of the Polytechnic in Piacenza of theCatholic University of Bologna,founded in1088. With 3other universities inModena andReggio Emilia, Par Bologna (capital of Emilia-Romagna) hoststheoldestUniversity of Europe, theUniversity The tourist industryrecorded 54million admissionsinOctober, up6.2%compared to 2016. support actions. The fashion industryisthesector mostintrouble, buttheRegion hasactivated withvarious 5.9%. thousand unitsandinthelastfive years thosewith over 250employees have increased by region by growth rate together withLombardy. The number of companies isabout406 2018 studyonISTAT andPrometeia data). Emilia-Romagna isconfirmed asthefirst Italian 1,973 thousandunits,about16,000 more employees thaninthesame periodof 2016(Ervet 2018 shouldbeslightlyhigher, equal to 1.9%. In 2017, total employment reached thelevel of estimated growth of gross domesticproduct for 2017was 1.8%andtheexpected growth in try, suchasFerrari, Ducati, Lamborghini andMaserati are madeinEmilia-Romagna. The construction; ceramic; food; biomedical;tourism. Leader brands intheautomotive indus- and theleadingsectors are: automotive; mechanicalengineer;automation, robotics; naval The production structure ischaracterized by smallandmedium-sized enterprises (SMEs) -

CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE Regional Context 7 ani, neo-realistic directors). but alsopopandfolk contemporary singers) andinthecinema (Fellini, Bertolucci, Antoni- The region hasarecognized tradition inmusic(musicians like Verdi, Toscanini, Pavarotti, tion of the Creative Cityof Gastronomy, to cite onlysomeof theexcellences of theterritory. place includedintheUNESCO World Memory Register; Parma hashadtheUnesco recogni- Faenza hastheInternational Museum of Ceramics; Cesena hoststheMalatestiana Library, a logna, cityof Music andEuropean Capital of Culture in2000, isanactive creative center; clared Unesco heritage; Modena, symbol of Romanesque art,hasthree UNESCO sites; Bo- Ravenna isacityof mosaics andischaracterized by eight paleochristianmonumentsde- Each capital has its specific characteristics: Ferrara was elected City of the Renaissance; can beconsulted onlinewhere there are sites andworks of art. The IBCof theRegion -Institute for Cultural andNatural Artists -hascreated acatalog that presence of historical theaters, museums,libraries, artcollections andcultural associations. Emilia-Romagna hasanimportantartisticandarchitectural heritage withasignificant 2.2. Territory’s CCI Profile ERVET, ORANGEECONOMY INEMILIA-ROMAGNA, 2018.REWORKED VERSION ONISTAT, ASIA AND EUROSTAT DATA OF THE EMILIA-ROMAGNA UNIONECAMERESTUDY CENTER. EUROSTAT- REGIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STATISTICS EUROSTAT- REGIONAL LABOURMARKET STATISTICS ISTAT (ITALIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTEOF STATISTICS) SOURCES Main socio-economic andsocio-demographic data inEmilia-Romagna TABLE 1 Exports (2017) Number of Firms(September 2017) Employment rate (2016)(%working age population) Unemployment rate (2017) GDP per capita(2016) GDP (2016) Population density Population (01/01/2018 ISTAT data) Surface area € 58billions 406,092 68.4% 6.2% € 34,602 € 153,927.1 mln 198.31 inhabitants/Km2 4,452,629 inhabitants 22.452,78 Km2

CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE Regional Context 8 of unitof work. total regional economy canbeestimated at 5.4%interms of value addedand7.6% interms employees. In 2017 in Emilia-Romagna, the weight of the core CCI standard sectors onthe In Table 3,somedata refer onlyto theCCI standard sectors interms of localunitsand very importantsector asautomotive or gastronomy). characterized by astrong creative elementinproducts or processes (inEmilia-Romagna is products and services, the High-tech sectors andtheso-calledHigh-End or rather sectors (Fashion district),furniture, thecultural driven food sectors, tourism, thedistributionof cludes inadditionto thecore CCI sectors, artisticcraftsmanship, fashion manufacturing Boosting thecompetitiveness of cultural andcreative industriesfor growth andjobs.It in- to awider framework, as suggested by theEuropean Commission inthe2016document Table 2shows ageneral overview of theCCI sectors present inEmilia-Romagna according Specialization Strategy. omy, in fact the regional administration has included them among the sectors of the Smart The cultural andcreative sectors represent animportantcomponent of theterritorial econ -

CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE Regional Context 9 SCHEME FROM ERVET 2018“ORANGEECONOMY INEMILIA-ROMAGNA” REPORT ON ATECO, ISTAT DATA INNOVATIVE HIGH-TECH COMPANIES STANDARD CCI SECTORS MATERIAL CULTURE ECONOMY OF CREATIVITY - A WIDER FRAMEWORK tors of impact Sectoral schemeof economy of creativity: standard CCI sectors, material culture, other sec TABLE 2 heritage and cultural historical, artistic and fruitionof Preservation activities and amusement Recreational Live Show entertainment activities, artsand Cultural CORE SECTORS cultural products Distribution of broadcasts television Radio and Music (registered) and related sectors Publishing, printing audio-visual Cinema and industries creative Media and CORE SECTORS communication Advertising and software) (consulting technology Information Photography Design Architecture Services Creative craft products of artisticand Distribution goods Trade of art Handcraft craftsmanship Artistic fashion products Other distribution Fashion footwear Leather and clothing Textiles and System Fashion Other objects products of furniture Distribution Ceramic Kitchens Furniture and Furniture Home - PGI products of PDOand Productions wine Production of pasta Production of Food Creative catering Taste Industryand Cosmetics Perfumes and Tourist System Boating Automotive Commission 2016) End” (European Sectors “High - 10 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE Regional Context wildlife, sportsattractions (Atlantica, Safari Ravenna, Acquafan). Emilia-Romagna is thelargest district in Europe in terms of “entertainment”: water parks, street musicians). of contemporary dance inFerrara; theBusker Festival in Ferrara (international festival of Event dedicated to independentpublishers; Festival of Philosophy; International Festival Reggio Emilia; Bologna Design week; International Exhibition of Ceramics; Fruit Exhibition and exhibitions alsoinother sectors, for example: Festival of European Photography in the XIV of theBiografilm Festival dedicated to biographies andlife stories. Many festivals 19th editionof theFuture FilmFestival of International Animation and New Technologies; trovato inBologna(unicum intheprogramming of unpublishedand/or restored films); the of BellariaFilmFestival dedicated to independentcinema;the XXXII editionof CinemaRi- The cinema sector hasabout50festivals, themostpopular (year 2018): the XXXVI edition tion andagood attitude to create networks amongtheactors. itor”, Edition 2017). There isafavorable environment of production andcultural consump- events, soitenjoys anexcellent Cultural Vibrancy (“The Cultural andCreative CitiesMon- Emilia-Romagna is aregion characterized by many festivals, events, exhibitions, cultural DATA ASIA (2015)REGISTER FREELANCEPROFESSIONALS WITHOUT ANY KINDOF STAFF, SUCH AS THE CATEGORIES OF ARCHITECTS, DESIGNERS,ECT WITH VAT NUMBER. SMAIL DATA (2017)UNIONECAMERE EMILIA-ROMAGNA. THESE MEASURE THE EXTENT OF LOCAL ACTIVE UNITS AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH EMPLOYEES. * NOTES ABOUT SOURCES SOURCES: FROM THE ERVET REPORT 2018,ERVET ELABORATIONS ONSMAIL DATA (2017) AND ASIA DATA *(2015) magna (2017) Local unitsandemployees for macro-categories of thestandard CCI sectors -Emilia Ro - TABLE 3 % TOTALEMILIA-ROMAGNA TOTAL CCI SECTORS DISTRIBUTION OF CULTURAL PRODUCTS DISTRIBUTION OF CRAFTSMANSHIP PRODUCTS TOTAL PRODUCTION CCI ARTISTIC CRAFTSMANSHIP/HANDCRAFTING CREATIVE SERVICES* MEDIA AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES ENTERTAINMENT CULTURAL ACTIVITIES, ARTS AND NUM. LOCAL UNITS 34.682 29.161 21.575 2.902 3.826 2.619 3.178 7,6% 582 NUM. EMPLOYEES 80.059 89.355 46.688 13.759 4.283 17.139 2.473 5.013 5,4% % LOCAL UNITS 62,2% 84,1% 100% 11,0% 8,4% 9,2% 7,6% 1,7% % EMPLOYEES 89,6% 52,3% 100% 15,4% 19,2& 4,8% 2,8% 5,6%

CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE Regional Context 11 tourism. by reinforcing thebusinessdimensionandconnecting CCIs to other industriesandwith Emilia-Romagna works for combining cultural, technology andmanagement capabilities, opportunities, especiallyfor young andcultural people. sent oneof thefieldsinwhich to invest for generating new industriesandnew employment innovative potential and employment for thefuture (Priority Bof regional S3). CCIs repre- In theframework of theregional S3, CCIs are considered asemerging clusters with ahigh supporting actions. vators andexperts to define astrategy to develop thesector, launchingnew policiesand regional S3sectors. A specific working group on CCI was set up, withbusinesses,inno- With thedefinition of the Regional S3strategy, in2013-2014, CCI hasbeenincludedamong CCI withintheRIS3strategy and others. Ada Masotti (LaPerla), Elisabetta Franchi, BrunoMagli andMargherita Furlanetto (Furla) Giorgio Armani, the Acqua di Parma, MaxMara and Marina Rinaldi, Blumarine and Twin Set, Furthermore, theRegion historically boastsexcellence inthefashion andtailoringsector: Heritage Site for itsgastronomy). Parmigiano Reggiano and Prosciutto di Parma (Parma is the first Italian citydeclared World FICO Eataly World (the largest agri-food park intheworld, inBologna),theproduction of and IGP certification, top chefs such as Massimo Bottura, criticssuchas Pellegrino Artusi, Emilia-Romagna is appreciated by all the world for food quality: 45 products with DOP tive cultural pole. The concentration of people,universities andspaces for creativity make Bolognaanattrac Bologna was recognized asEuropean Cityof Culture in2000andCityof Music UNESCO. “Indecisi Spaces” inForlì, “Rete Almagià” inForlì, “LaPolveriera” inReggio Emilia. pact: “GrisùFactory” inFerrara, “Kilowatt” and“Greenhouses of the Gardens” inBologna, creative production. In theway emerged realities withasignificantsocialandcultural im- Moreover, inmany cities, abandonedspaces are beingrestored incenters of cultural and - 12 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE Regional Context ing systems, that share ideas,skills,tools, andresources to supportthecompetitiveness of themostimportantproduction systems in Emilia-Romagna. 2 Clust-ER Associations are public-private partnerships amongresearch laboratories, innovations centers, industries(market leaders, SMEs,startup), education andtrain- INDUSTRIES CREATIVE CULTURAL AND picture: Cultural Heritage, New BusinessModels, DigitalCommunication, asshown inthefollowing The regional S3 includes CCIs as one of the priority, articulated in 3 specific fields, Smart the CCI field. cient dialogueandmore integration amongresearch labs,innovation centers andSMEs,in called “S3Clust-ERs”2, basedontheS3priorities. The CCI Clust-ER promotes amore effi - To thisend,theregional CCI Clust-ER hasbeenset up, asoneof the7associations, so- COMMUNICATION & DIGITAL NEW CUSTOMERS PROCESSES AND CREATIVE NEW BUSINESSMODEL HERITAGE SMART CULTURAL • • • • • • • • • Technologies for digitalnatives digital communication Product/Services andcultural content new textiles materials New material for CCI lightsources and Ecosystem services New businessmodel virtualization Digital manifacturing tools -3d Dematerialization andinteroperability Technologies for intangibleassets Technologies for tangibleassets 13 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE Regional Context 14

3/ CCIS SECTOR ANALYSIS: EVOLUTION AND CURRENT SITUATION

3.1. Evolution

With reference to the CCI sector, ther commitment of the Emilia-Romagna Region has increased especially in last 10 years.

During the 90s some important regional laws were issued on CCI topics. Then, since 2008, regional policy has developed following a gradual path. Some pilot initiatives started in 2008 (like INCREDIBOL! or specific projects lunched by regional departments or financed at a European level). • • • • • • • stones of theregional CCI industryandpolicy. The following isanalmostexhaustive listof different plans,legislation or another key mile- to better understand andmeasure itscharacteristics. gional funding programme, after the first study dedicated to this sector carried out in order In 2012,theRegion identifiedthe CCIs asone of thesectors that could benefit from the re- • • al sectors to besupported: In May 2012,2regional programs were developed, identifyingCCIs amongthe8region- analysis of theregional CCI sector. ERVET (in-house Joint Stock Company of theEmilia-Romagna Region), with adetailed In 2012,sectoral study“Culture andcreativity -richesfor Emilia-Romagna”, realized by supporting thecreative startups. ian Ministry of Economic Development, for thepromotion of youth culture, alsofor signed between theEmilia-Romagna Region, theMinistry of Youth Policies andtheItal- In 2007 and2011,a3-year agreement calledGECO “Giovani Evoluti eConsapevoli”, servation, development andpromotion of cultural heritage andinstitutions. Regional law n.18/2000“Regulations onmuseums,libraries andarchives”, for thecon- aggregation, andasastrategic factor of economic development. the territory, asmeansof artisticexpression, of training, of cultural promotion, of social and audiovisual. The law recognizes thelive performance asafundamentalaspectof fessionally, andfor at leastthree years, inthefields of theater, music,dance, cinema Regional law n. 13/1999 “Rules regarding show business”, oriented to who work pro- and artisticheritage. motes fact-finding, operative, research activities for theenhancement of thehistorical tute for Artistic, Cultural and Natural Heritage of the Emilia-Romagna Region. It pro- Born in1974, andreorganized withtheregional law n.29of 1995, theIBACN, theInsti- private subjects,for thediffusion,promotion andfruition of cultural activities. addressed to cultural institutions, associations and cultural organizations, public and Regional Law n.37/1994 “Rules oncultural promotion” (modified in1997 andin2002), Regional Programme for Industrial Research, Innovation and Technology Transfer. Regional Programme for Productive Activities. 15 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector analysis: Evolution and current situation • • • • • • • • • network “RICC -Regional Initiative for Culture andCreativity”. to CREADIS3:Chebec,Urbact, Atlas, Region Arts. Moreover, theregion isleader of the Emilia-Romagna Region isinvolved insomeCCI projects onEuropean scale,inaddition facilities for young peopleupto theage of 29. al training); supportfor youth artisticproduction (GA /ERassociation); Youngercard (spaces for aggregation, coworking, fablabs, tools, services for the start-up, profession- Furthermore, theRegion supports culture andcreativity alsothrough youth policies ment of Culture of Emilia-Romagna Region). communication system for all the local events and projects (promoted by the Depart Web portal “Emilia-Romagna Creativa” (www.emiliaromagnacreativa.it), an integrated of thefirst sectoral realized by ERVET in 2012 (above-mentioned). Emilia-Romagna Region andother key actors inregiuonal CCI sectors. It’s theupdating ment agency to supporttheRegion), withcollaborations from different Departments of house company of theEmilia-Romagna Region, whichoperates asaterritorial develop- In 2018,studyontheCCI Orange economy inEmilia-Romagna, realized by ERVET (in- bution, promotional. the entire musicsupplychain:from theeducational-training to theproduction, distri- Regional Law n.2/2018“Rules onthedevelopment of themusicindustry”to support Regional Law n.11/2017“Supportfor localpublishing”. the enhancement of thehistory of thetwentieth century inEmilia-Romagna. “ Regional Law n. 3/2016 “Memory of the Twentieth Century. Promotion and support for ic andaudiovisual culture, aswell asof themultimediaindustry. Regional Law n. 20/2014 on cinema and audiovisual, for the promotion of cinematograph- Regional Law n.16/2014for the“Safety andPromotion of dialectsinEmilia-Romagna”. - 16 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector analysis: Evolution and current situation The following schemesummarizes themainstrategies of theRegion inthe CCI. capital, broadband connection anddigitalagenda). of companies (productive investments andinternationalization) andtheterritory (human search andinnovation ecosystem –andindirect measures asthosefor thecompetitiveness mix) that include both direct interventions - actions that contribute to strengthening the re- The Smart Specialization Strategy isimplemented withdifferent types of measures (policy Communication. Cultural Heritage, New BusinessModel andCreative Processes, New Customers andDigital growth of theregional economic system. The three areas of intervention identifiedare: Smart Romagna. The objectives of thesesectors are competitive strengthening andemployment CCIs have been included among the priorities of the Smart Specialization Strategy of Emilia- 3.2. Current situation magna, supported by ASTER The fabLab network of Emilia-Ro- Mak-ER Region) and financed by Emilia-Romagna by theMunicipality of Bologna (promoted andcoordinated IncrediBOL! Project 2020) (Action 1.1.2 ROP-ERDF 2014- for SMEs Innovation anddiversification Programme) (Action 5.1 –Regional Operational tiveness of theterritory infrastructures for thecompeti- Support for thedevelopment of (ROP-ERDF 2014-2020) Support for innovative start-ups POLICY NAME SECTOR TARGETED tion andtechnology. facture, connection of artisantradi- Digital fabrication, advanced manu- individual creative artists CCI associations; companies; All CCI sectors Design Software Multimedia innovation andcompany applications intheCCI, ITC, social digital technologies for business companies thatuseadvanced The callfor tenders supports MAIN FEATURES Dissemination of theculture maker. has spaces, equipment, people. Network of laboratories, eachof them space, training, consulting, etc. realities through services, financing, Support for cultural andcreative nication) providers (design, software, commu - SMEs asbeneficiaries; SMEsas project design Infrastructures for co-working and costs, etc. patents, rental costs, establishment Support isfor machinery, equipment, ON-GOING STRATEGY Yes template) information intheGoodPractice selected. Please refer to thedetailed (It isoneof thethree good practices Yes Yes template) information intheGoodPractice selected. Pleaserefer to thedetailed (It isoneof thethree good practices Yes Yes 17 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector analysis: Evolution and current situation Fashion ValleyProject gy Network and Technopoles Emilia-RomagnaHigh Technolo - Emilia-Romagna Region) Agency ERVET - Territorial Development Emilia-Romagna tion and technology transfer of ASTER -Consortium for innova Clust-ER CREATE (in-house company of the - ufacturing Value chainof fashion andlocalman- Work andresearch spaces ritory economic development of theter Actions intheregional planningof tion Centres. al Business Associations andInnova working incollaboration withregion- Union of Chambers of Commerce, Nuclear Physics (INFN),theRegional (ENEA), theNational Institute for tainable Economic Development Technologies, Energy andSus the Italian National Agency for New National Research Council-CNR, the sixregional Universities, the ia-Romagna Regional Government, A Consortium composed by Emil- CCI sector. support thecompetitiveness of the share skills,ideasandresources to centres andtraining institutions) that private bodies(companies, research It isanassociationof publicand - - - • • • • • • • • the area. skills of theentire fashion industryin Valorization of thehistory, know-how, contracting. archives, mapping brands and sub- ating a network, enhancing historical Support thefashion industryby creativity projects. skills, experience andpromote cre- courage theexchange of knowledge, ries, innovation centers, whichen- are Technopoles, research laborato- In each capitals of the Region, there ministration andlocalauthorities Technical assistance to thepublicad- magna StartUp platform. Moreover, itmanages theEmilia-Ro - activities of theClust-ER CREATE. In theCCI field,it coordinates some of theterritory. opment of theinnovation ecosystem centres andinstitutionsfor thedevel- enterprises, universities, research ASTER works incollaboration with The Clust-ER promotes: creation of innovative startups ities; technology forecasting activ tionalization; actions aimedattheinterna technological transfer actions; advanced training; and pilot plants; development of demonstrator of jointlabs); equipments and development and infrastructures (sharing of sharing of research resources ties; companies andresearch enti- collaborative research between - - Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 18 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector analysis: Evolution and current situation 18 % 9 % 460 12 361 793 PROGETTI FINANZIATI English translation of thepicture above the CCI sector. emilia-romagna.it/s3-monitoraggio/output.html). In puts of regional policies(Survey of 20 August 2018 from the website Following are some data from the online monitoring platform S3 which measures the out 460 Research grants 12 Patents generated directly by theprojects 361 793 14 % Public fundingto companies DIRETTAMENTE DAI PROGETTI BREVETTI GENERATI Projects funded FINANZIAMENTI A IMPRESE ASSEGNI DIRICERCA 6 % 3 % 35 % 4,8% 1 % 10 % 14,4% 9,3% 4 % 4,2% 45 303 32 142,42 MILIONI DIEURO DIINVESTIMENTI 45 Patents 303 32 Public fundingto research laboratories 142,42 millionsof euros of investments New researchers LABORATORI DIRICERCA FINANZIAMENTI A BREVETTI NUOVI RICERCATORI Arts, amusement,museums,libraries &galleries Retail trade of cultural goods Publishing Audiovisual Television, radio Sofware andIT services Advertising andmarketing Printings, Craftsmanship &crafts Architecture thepicture, thebluecolor 2indicate 4,5% 17,9% 7,9% 1,8% 255 Innovative startups 5.109 Trainedpeople 18 New businessesset up 63,85 millionsof euros of contributions 18 63,85 MILIONI DIEURO DICONTRIBUTI 255 5,109 NUOVE IMPRESECREATE STARTUP INNOVATIVE PERSONE FORMATE http://www.regione. Subjetive well-being Personal security Environmental quality Civil engagement andgovernance Social connections Education andskills Health status Work-life balance Housing Jobs andearnings 21,1% 19,6% 25,9% 8,2% - 19 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector analysis: Evolution and current situation • • • • • particular, theClust-ER CREATE promotes: field, by sharingskills,ideasand resources to supportthe competitiveness of thesector. In The Clust-ER CREATE promotes amore efficient dialogueandmore integration inthe CCI training system. laboratories, innovations centers, industries(market leaders, SMEs,startup), education and Clust-ERs”) based onS3priorities. They are public-private partnerships amongresearch In May 2017, the Clust-ER CREATE was set up, as one of the 7 associations (so-called “S3 CCIs to other industriesandwithtourism. ogy and management capabilities, by reinforcing the business dimension and connecting Among themainpolicy objectives, Emilia-Romagna works for combining cultural, technol- opportunities, especiallyfor young andcultural people. sent oneof thefieldsinwhich to invest for generating new industriesandnew employment innovative potential andemployment for thefuture (Priority Bof regional S3). CCIs repre- In theframework of theregional S3,CCIs are considered asemerging clusters withahigh policies andsupportingactions. nesses, innovators andexperts to define astrategy to develop thesector, launchingnew included amongregional S3sectors. A specific working group on CCI was set up, withbusi- For thisreason, withthedefinition of the Regional S3strategy, in2013-2014, CCI hasbeen bilitation andlife qualityimprovement. economic development andjobcreation, butalsointerms of socialinnovation, urbanreha The Cultural andCreative sector plays akey role inEmilia-Romagna, not only interms of 3.3. Creative Districts Technological transfer actions. Advanced training. Development of demonstrator andpilot plants. ment of joint labs). Sharing of research resources and infrastructures (sharingof equipments and develop- Collaborative research between companies andresearch entities. - 20 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector analysis: Evolution and current situation • • • • 4 Value Chainhave beenidentifiedwithintheClust-ER CREATE: • • MULTI MODEL -MULTImedia -New BusinessMODEL. innovation andsustainabilityfor theFASHION industryinEmilia-Romagna. Fashion-ER Valley -Digitisation, sustainability, product innovation and organisational A.D.Di.C.T. - Advanced Design&DigitalCraft Technologies. CULT_TECH - Technologies for digitalculture. Technology forecasting activities. Actions aimedat theinternationalization. 21 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector analysis: Evolution and current situation 22

4/ CCI-S SECTOR CHARACTERIZATION

4.1. Stakeholders

Stakeholders selected by Emilia-Romagna Region, involved in CREADIS3 project, are among the “key players” within the regional CCI ecosystem.

Following the criteria for selection provided by the project lead partner, regional stakeholders have been chosen because considered as those who will be able to give a significant support for the implementation of project activities, as well as for the impact on CCI regional policies. • • The University of Bologna hasbeenalsoinvolved, inparticular: • • • the development andimplementation of cultural initiatives: these, thefollowing 3actors whostrictly collaborate withtheRegional Government, alsoin actors having arelevant role inthedevelopment of the regional CCI ecosystem. Among For theother stakeholders involved, Emilia-Romagna Region hastaken into account those by the Emilia-Romagna Regional Government. IncrediBOL! project, promoted andcoordinated by theMunicipality of Bolognaandfinanced porting CCI policies, as also shown by the success of oneimportantinitiative, the so-called At locallevel, theMunicipality of Bolognahasbeeninvolved for itssignificant role insup- • • • • • to culture andcreativity. For this reason, thefollowing are thefirst stakeholders involved: within theEmilia-Romagna Regional Government, dealwithinitiatives and/or plansrelated volved in the development of support policies for CCIs. In particular, different departments, Concerning thedifferent levels of administration, the regional level istheonedirectly in- The Fine Art Academy of Bologna. The Departmentof Architecture. LEPIDA –In-house Company of theEmilia-Romagna Region. ERVET - Joint Stock Company of theEmilia-Romagna Region. ASTER -Consortium for innovation andtechnology transfer of Emilia-Romagna. Emilia-Romagna Regional Government -Delegation to theEU bour Emilia-Romagna Regional Government -Departmentof Education, University andLa Emilia-Romagna Regional Government -Departmentof Tourism and Trade Emilia-Romagna Regional Government -Departmentof Culture and Innovation Emilia-Romagna Regional Government -Departmentof Economic Activities, Research - 23 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector characterization because publicemployees are not included. sidered underestimated particularlyinthefield of historical, artisticandcultural heritage Units andEmployees inthecore sectors. However, theweight of theCCI mustbecon- which usedvarious sourcesSmail), providing (Istat, Asia, recent estimates interms of Local The following data (table 4) are extracted from theERVET Report (Orange Economy , 2018) processes there isahighcontent of creativity. dustry, Furniture, Food, and sectors as high tech and “High-End”, when in their products or and Media andCreative Industries), Creative Services, Artistic Craftsmanship, Fashion in- creativity inEmilia-Romagna: “core” sectors (Cultural Activities, Arts andEntertainment B. TERRITORY’S CCI PROFILE of this report, we have indicated the sectors of culture and Concerning theselection of CCI sectors uponwhichcarryouttheanalysis, inparagraph 2. extent. administration levels, showing if sectors are covered or not by publicbodiesandto what As results of phase1,themappinggives evidence aboutthelinking between CCI sectors and different departmentsdealingwithinitiatives and/or plans related to culture andcreativity. main bodies with a significant role in the development of support policies for CCIs, through al andcreative policies.2publicbodieshave beentaken into consideration, whichare the2 the analysis continued with theidentification of theadministration levels involved incultur Mapping 1started withtheselectionof CCI sectors uponwhichcarryouttheanalysis. Then, bodies involved incultural andcreative policies,inthevarious administrative levels. Phase 1of theMapping, focused onCompetences , hasbeencarriedoutby identifying 4.2. Mapping 1-Competences Finally, members andrepresentatives of theCLUST-ER CREATE have beeninvolved. • • Among theother key players, 2regional incubators: Incubator “RiminiInnovation Square” (located inRimini). Incubator “Urban Hub Piacenza” (located inPiacenza). - 24 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector characterization employees; 2,3 thousand companies are characterized by the presence of 3-5 employees. nies, about60%,have onlyoneemployee; over 3,4thousandcompanies have onlytwo The CCI companies of theEmilia-Romagna have asmallsize: over 12.8thousandcompa panies (Tables 5.e6.at theendof theReport, Chapter 9 Attachments). Surveys with the number of employees and categories give us a clearer picture of CCI com- ties” sector with13.7 thousandemployees. consulting, advertising and communication. This is followed by “Cultural and artistic activi- thousand employees inarchitecture, designanddesign,photography, software, gaming,IT These data show that thelargest branch of thecore sector is“Creative Services” with46.7 SOURSE: DATA SMAIL 2017 AND ASIA 2015,ELABORATIONS MADEBY ERVET REPORT 2018 Local Units andEmployees of theCCI core andsub-category sectors -Emilia-Romagna TABLE 4 Performances andother artisticandcreative activities CULTURAL, ARTISTICENTERTAINMENT AND ACTIVITIES AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES -DATA 2017 THE STANDARD SECTORS OF CULTURAL Artistic andCultural Historical Heritage Recreational andamusementactivities Cinema andaudiovisual MEDIA AND CULTURAL INDUSTRIES Design modaandindustrial Engineering/design studio Architecture CREATIVE SERVICES Tv radio broadcasts Music Producing related to thepress sector Publishing andPrinting Industries Computer science, software andconsulting Photography Graphic Designand TOTAL SECTOR CCI STANDARD (CORE) Distribution of cultural products Distribution of artistichandcraft TOTAL PRODUCTION CCI HANDCRAFTING Advertising andCommunication LOCAL UNITS 34.682 21.575 29.161 3.826 2.902 3.446 2.087 2.023 4.079 3.178 3.427 1.090 6.168 2.619 1.342 1.557 1.109 965 582 796 225 139 126 EMPLOYEES 46.688 80.059 89.355 13.759 17.139 16.619 4.560 3.650 5.299 4.283 2.582 8.255 2.473 9.797 5.216 2.120 5.013 8.187 7.881 1.756 380 662 623 - 25 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector characterization plans related to culture andcreativity. Emilia-Romagna Regional Government, different departments dealwithinitiatives and/or important role inthedevelopment of supportpoliciesfor CCIs. In particular, withinthe As far astheadministration levels includedintheMapping, theregional level hasan metics 116companies and1,638employees (source: SMAIL Unioncamere 2017). and 1,472 employees; Hotels 5,266 companies and 35,906 employees andPerfums &Cos - “high-end” sectors: the Cars sector has 413 companies and 14,762; Boats 138 companies The other sectors willnot be examined here, butwe provide somedata ontheso-called about 66thousandunitsandalmost212 employees. Summing upthedata of thecore sectors andthoseof thematerial culture we cancount sector however remains at thecenter of theRegion’s attention). a periodof crisisandcontraction (-17% of localunits) there are signsof slightrecovery (the about 80thousandemployees. The fashion sector isundergoing major restructuring, after The sectors of production of material culture count in2017over 12thousandlocalunitsand Number of employees andlocalunits TABLE 7 ERVET provided data onthematerial culture sector or cultural driven inEmilia-Romagna. In thefollowing table7, withthesamecriterion (number of employees andlocalunits), communication” are generally thesectors with5employees or more. companies, while“Information technology, software, consulting, advertising, publishing, The sectors “Distribution of CCI products” and “Artistic craftsmanship” are much smaller TOTAL MATERIAL CULTURE TOTAL DISTRIBUTION FASHION DISTRIBUTION FURNISHINGS DISTRIBUTION TOTAL PRODUCTIONS FOOD FASHION FURNISHINGS LOCAL UNITS WITH EMPLOYEES 12.096 19.482 31.578 16.391 7.069 3.091 4.147 880 EMPLOYEES 122.253 42.607 79.656 35.098 35.242 37.920 6.494 7.509 ACTIVE COMPANIES WITH EMPLOYEES 24.508 10.480 14.028 6.364 11.913 3.410 2.115 706 EMPLOYEES 80.894 122.271 36.039 41.377 37.918 34.121 6.937 7.256 26 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector characterization • • • • Summing upwhat results from theanalysis at regional level (as shown inthetable8): department (regional or local)works withdirect andworthy actionsand/or initiatives. The Mapping analysis hasbeencarriedouttakinginto account inwhichCCI sectors each • • • ments, withintheMunicipality, participate in CCI policies: involvement insupportingCCI policies. As for theRegional Government, different depart Indeed, it’s inevitable to include intheanalysis theMunicipality of Bolognafor itssignificant • • • • For thisreason, thefollowing 4departmentshave beentaken into account: with amajor involvement in CCI actionsand/or initiatives. The Department of Industry and Innovation and the Department of Education are those manship, are sectors supported by only1department of theRegional Government; Entertainment, Publishing andPrinted media, Advertising andCommunication, Crafts - involved. For themajorityof sectors, 2concerned departmentsof theRegional Government are are involved. broadcasts, are sectors inwhich3concerned departmentsof the Regional Government Cultural andHistorical Heritage, Cinemaand Audiovisual, Music andRadio Tv Department of Youth Policies. Department of Economic Development and Tourism. Department of Culture. Department of Education. of Tourism.Department Department of Industry andInnovation. Department of Culture and Youth Policies. - 27 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector characterization Mapping 1:Regional Government of Emilia-Romagna TABLE 8 CINEMA ANDAUDIOVISUAL CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE ENTERTAINMENT PERFORMING ARTS CCI SECTORS MUSIC AND TV RADIOBROADCASTS PUBLISHING AND PRINTEDMEDIA ARCHITECTUREENGINEERING AND DESIGN DIGITAL (ICT AND IT SERVICES) PHOTOGRAPHY FASHION PRODUCTS DISTRIBUTION OF CULTURAL AND CRAFTS CRAFTSMANSHIP ADVERTISINGCOMMUNICATION AND CERAMIC AND FURNITURE CERAMIC AND FOOD PRODUCTS AND INDUSTRY TOURISM SYSTEM CULTUREAND YOUTH POLICIES X X X X X EMILIA-ROMAGNA REGIONAL GOVERNMENT AND INNOVATION INDUSTRY X X X X X X X X X X X TOURISM X X X X X X EDUCATION X X X X X X X X X X X 28 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector characterization Mapping 1:Municipality of Bologna TABLE 9 • • • Considering theMunicipality of Bologna (as shown inthetable9): TOURISM SYSTEM FOOD PRODUCTS AND INDUSTRY FURNITURE CERAMIC AND FASHION PRODUCTS DISTRIBUTION OF CULTURAL AND CRAFTS CRAFTSMANSHIP ADVERTISINGCOMMUNICATION AND DIGITAL (ICT AND IT SERVICES) PHOTOGRAPHY DESIGN ARCHITECTUREENGINEERING AND MUSIC AND TV RADIOBROADCASTS PUBLISHING AND PRINTEDMEDIA CINEMA ANDAUDIOVISUAL CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE CCI SECTORS ENTERTAINMENT PERFORMING ARTS The other sectors are supported by only1department. concerned departmentsare involved. Entertainment, and Tvdio broadcasts are sectors inwhichall3concerned departmentsare involved. Performing arts, Cultural andHistorical Heritage, Cinema and Audiovisual, PublishingandPrinted media, CULTURE X X X X X X X X ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT AND TOURISM MUNICIPALITY OF BOLOGNA Photography, are sectors inwhich2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Music andRa- YOUTH POLICIES X X X X X X X X 29 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector characterization • • • ment, alltheabove-mentioned actionsare covered (seetable10): Starting from the analysis of what is carried on by the action. Due to the information available, themappingcomprises theaggregate of sectors, for each tions identified. department hasbeenmarked by X,1or 2according to their involvement ineachof theac Government of Emilia-Romagna andtheMunicipality of Bologna,theinvolvement of each Considering the2administration levels analyzed in thephase1of themapping,Regional • • • • • • the widereconomy?” (April2012) : potential of culture for local,regional andnationaldevelopment andthespill-over effects on to strategically usetheEUsupportprogrammes, includingStructural Funds, to foster the sis has been carried out considering the actions identified in the EU Policy Handbook “How To thisend,following themethodology suggested by theCREADIS3leadpartner, theanaly Phase 2of theMapping focuses onwhat typesof are action covered. 4.3. Mapping 2-regional creative ecosystem Department of Tourism.Department try andInnovation, butalsoby the Departmentof Culture and Youth Policies andthe Support to firms,that isEntrepreneurship, ismostlyensured the Department of Indus- the Departmentof Industry andInnovation; Creation ismainlysupported by both theDepartmentof Culture and Youth Policies and for publicFinancing related to CCI sectors; All 4concerned departmentsdevelop supportingprogrammes for Innovation andcalls Financing considering callsfor publicfunding. Growth. Innovation. Entrepreneurship inthesenseof supportto firms. Creation mainlyintended assupportto creation/production. Competence development interms of creation, management andaccess to financing. Emilia-Romagna Regional Govern- - - 30 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector characterization • • • Regarding theMunicipality of Bologna(seetable11): Mapping 2:Regional Government of Emilia-Romagna TABLE 10 • • COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT ACTIONS CREATION ENTREPRENEURSHIP FINANCING GROWTH INNOVATION The Department of Youth Policies covers alltheactionsexcept Innovation. the onlydepartmentsupportingprogrammes for Innovation. cerned types of action and mainly in supporting firms Entrepreneurship; moreover, it’s The Department of Economic Development and Tourism isactively involved inallcon- Financing CCI sectors. All 3concerned departmentswork for supportingCreation anddevelop callsfor Actions related to Growthare thoselessdeveloped. petence development. The Departmentof Education hasthemainrole insupportingactionsrelated to Com CULTUREAND YOUTH POLICIES XX X X X X

EMILIA-ROMAGNA REGIONAL GOVERNMENT INDUSTRYINNOVATION AND XX XX XX X X

TOURISM X X X X X X EDUCATION XX X X

- 31 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector characterization zation opportunitiesfor enterprises; collecting and sharingof information. Many services are offered: helpdesk for first counseling; free training courses; internationali- bination of tailor-made opportunities. from Emilia-Romagna Region, inparticular duringtheir start-up phase,offering thema com- The project isaimedat supporting thecreative andinnovative professions andcompanies, the Emilia-Romagna Region, inconjunction with publicandprivate players. Emilia-Romagna region. It iscoordinated by theMunicipality of Bolognaandsupported by It’s asuccessful project, started in2010, to promote creative andcultural activitiesinthe Good practice 1-INCREDIBOL!(Bologna’s Creative Innovation) some aspectsof them) could bepotentially interesting for other regions to learnfrom. In addition,thepotential for transfer hasalsobeenconsidered, that isif theinitiatives (or their specificobjectives. means thoseinitiatives whichhave already obtained somemeasurable results inachieving initiatives, inthefield of culture andcreativity, proved assuccessful inthe region, that For theselectionof good practices, Emilia-Romagna Region took into consideration regional 4.4. Goodpractices Mapping 2:Municipality of Bologna TABLE 11 FINANCING GROWTH INNOVATION ENTREPRENEURSHIP CREATION ACTIONS COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT CULTURE XX X

ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT AND TOURISM MUNICIPALITY OF BOLOGNA XX X X X X X YOUTH POLICIES X X X X X

32 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector characterization information onfinancingopportunities. Romagna STARTUP/CREATIVE”, for thepromotion of networking, internationalization and The web portalhasbeenenrichedwithanew section,dedicated to CCIs, so-called“Emilia etc. all offices, co-working spaces or laboratories available for startups;support from experts; tive andknowledge-based startups:updated information oncallsfor startup;indication of unique regional access point for the provision of up-to-dated services for innovative, crea It’s the main regional initiative for startups, or future entrepreneurs, aimed at creating a creative) Good practice 3-EmiliaRomagnaStartup/CREATIVE (www.emiliaromagnastartup.it/it/ design, anetwork of CCI incubators andfablabs hasbeenset upinEmilia-Romagna. Thanks to thisinitiative, aimedat developing infrastructures for co-working andproject business incubators, withaparticular focus onCCIs. Attractiveness”, the Emilia-Romagna Region promotes a specific call for the startup of In theframework of theRegional Operational Program “Territorial Development and ness of theterritory Good practice 2 - Support for the development of infrastructures for the competitive- - - 33 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE CCI sector characterization 34

5/ SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE CCI SECTOR 6 4 4 2 2 5 3 5 3 1 1 ready exist (open data) creative modelsputtingtogether datathatal- Development strategies /new business/new tional level Support for creative cultural realities atana The possibilityof mixingdifferent knowledge New forms of consumption sity network) (coworking spaces -fablabs, services, univer Capillarity of infrastructures in the territory “Cultural VibrancyGood ” Tradition andpresence of excellencies High localdemandfor culture circle of operating theecosystem creates avirtuous nance, research andCCI companies. The way Good communication between regional gover Changes intechnology paradigms Good sources of competence generation OPPORTUNITIES STRENGHTS - - - 6 4 2 2 3 5 3 7 1 1 Economic andsocialsituation Weak positionintheglobalvalue chains tourism) maps (place branding, creative realities, experiential The network shouldbefurther enhanced withmulti- time Low business vision and, therefore, sustainability over structuring (at nationallevel) Low awareness of beingasector anddifficultyin Few investments from theprivate world Intellectual migration Low level of cluster organization contents of various sectors Lack of integration between theanalogueanddigital Business size too small WEAKNESSES THREATS 35 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE Swot analysis of the CCI sector 36

6/ CONCLUSIONS

1. Emilia-Romagna region presents high potentialities in the CCI thanks to high cultural heritage, traditions and sources of competences.

2. In the region, there are good opportunities for CCIs because of high demand for culture and calls for tenders.

3. There are good opportunities of integration with other industries strongly needing creative inputs: automotive, fashion, ceramics, tourism, food.

4. The sector is highly populated by educated workers and entrepreneurs and there are several places of aggregation.

5. There is a great need for increasing managing capabilities and integration of creative, technology and management competencies.

6. There is a need to differentiate needs of each CCI sector and greater attention at the national level. 37

7/ APPENDIX Structure of theCCI companies by classof employees andby categories (from Ervet 2018) TABLE 5andTABLE 6 1 EMPLOYEE 1 EMPLOYEE 2 EMPLOYEES 2 EMPLOYEES FROM 3 TO 5 EMPLOYEES FROM 10 TO 19 EMPLOYEES FROM 6 TO 9 EMPLOYEES FROM 3 TO 5 FROM 6 TO 9 EMPLOYEES FROM 50 TO 99 EMPLOYEES FROM 20 TO 49 EMPLOYEES FROM 100 TO 249 FROM 20 TO 49 FROM 10 TO 19 > 250EMPLOYEES TOTAL FROM 50 TO 99 FROM 100 TO 249 TOTAL > 250EMPLOYEES TISTIC AND EN- TISTIC AND CULTURAL, AR TERTAINMENT TISTIC AND EN- TISTIC AND CULTURAL, AR TERTAINMENT ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES 16,8% 10,4% 16,9% 12,4% 15,4% 100% 13.819 6,9% 5,6% 9,8% 5,9% 2.333 2.316 1.354 2.123 1.431 1.718 960 768 816 - - INDUSTRIES INDUSTRIES MEDIA AND MEDIA AND MEDIA AND MEDIA AND CULTURAL CULTURAL 17.613 10,9% 10,2% 3.063 19,0% 100% 17,4% 3.347 1.042 1.529 1.792 8,4% 1.947 8,5% 5,9% 8,7% 1.501 11,1% 1.921 1.471 CREATIVE SERVICES CREATIVE SERVICES 37.427 5.886 6.346 3.440 4.645 3.482 3.054 4.454 3.901 2.219 10,4% 12,4% 100% 17,0% 15,7% 11,9% 8,2% 5,9% 9,2% 9,3% CRAFTSMAN- CRAFTSMAN- DCRAFTING DCRAFTING SHIP /HAN- SHIP /HAN- ARTISTIC ARTISTIC 22,2% 15,6% 100% 16,7% 1.643 7.415 1.242 8,8% 6,6% 1.158 5,3% 9,9% 8,7% 6,1% 648 650 454 395 734 491 DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION OF CULTURAL PRODUCTS PRODUCTS CULTURAL DISTRIBU- TION OF TION OF 20,8% 4.235 37,7% 100% 15,3% 1.597 6,8% 0,0% 7,0% 4,1% 3,1% 5,1% 648 882 288 298 218 173 131 0 TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL 80.509 12.833 11.402 11.063 8.698 6.904 6.448 10,8% 10,3% 14,2% 15,9% 100% 13,7% 8.314 8.135 6.712 10,1% 8,6% 8,0% 8,3% CCI CCI TOT. E-R %CCI 11,1%% 10,8% 18,9% 12,0% 10,3% 14,3% 14,2% 15,9% 100% 100% 13,7% 10,1% 11,5% 8,8% 8,6% 8,0% 8,3% 9,0% 6,7% 7,7% 38 CREADIS3 INTERREG EUROPE Appendix 39

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