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Universidade Estadual De Campinas Instituto De Biologia UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA THAÍS APARECIDA MARINHO INVESTIGATING THE THYASIRIDAE DALL, 1901 (BIVALVIA, MOLLUSCA) FROM THE SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC OCEAN: A STUDY ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF THE BRAZILIAN SPECIES INVESTIGANDO OS THYASIRIDAE DALL, 1901 (BIVALVIA, MOLLUSCA) DO SUDOESTE DO OCEANO ATLÂNTICO: UM ESTUDO DA MORFOLOGIA E TAXONOMIA DAS ESPÉCIES DO BRASIL CAMPINAS 2020 THAÍS APARECIDA MARINHO INVESTIGATING THE THYASIRIDAE DALL, 1901 (BIVALVIA, MOLLUSCA) FROM THE SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC OCEAN: A STUDY ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF THE BRAZILIAN SPECIES INVESTIGANDO OS THYASIRIDAE DALL, 1901 (BIVALVIA, MOLLUSCA) DO SUDOESTE DO OCEANO ATLÂNTICO: UM ESTUDO DA MORFOLOGIA E TAXONOMIA DAS ESPÉCIES DO BRASIL Dissertation presented to the Institute of Biology of the University of Campinas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Animal Biology in the area of Animal Biodiversity. Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do Título de Mestra em Biologia Animal na área de Biodiversidade Animal. Orientador: PROF. DR. FLAVIO DIAS PASSOS ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA THAIS APARECIDA MARINHO E ORIENTADA PELO PROF. DR. FLAVIO DIAS PASSOS. CAMPINAS 2020 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Marinho, Thaís Aparecida, 1991- M338i MarInvestigating the Thyasiridae Dall, 1901 (Bivalvia, Mollusca) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean : a study of the morphology and taxonomy of the Brazilian species / Thaís Aparecida Marinho. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2020. MarOrientador: Flávio Dias Passos. MarDissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Mar1. Bivalve - Atlântico, Oceano. 2. Molusco - Classificação. 3. Molusco - Morfologia. 4. Ecologia do fundo do mar. 5. Quimiossimbiose. I. Passos, Flávio Dias, 1971-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: Investigando os Thyasiridae Dall, 1901 (Bivalvia, Mollusca) do Sudoeste do Oceano Atlântico : um estudo da morfologia e taxonomia das espécies do Brasil Palavras-chave em inglês: Bivalve - Atlantic Ocean Mollusks - Classification Mollusks - Morphology Deep-sea ecology Chemosymbiosis Área de concentração: Biodiversidade Animal Titulação: Mestra em Biologia Animal Banca examinadora: Flávio Dias Passos [Orientador] Eliane Pintor de Arruda Michela Borges Data de defesa: 24-06-2020 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Biologia Animal Identificação e informações acadêmicas do(a) aluno(a) - ORCID do autor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1299-1246 - Currículo Lattes do autor: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4945512436131064 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Campinas, 24 de Junho de 2020. COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA Prof. Dr. Flavio Dias Passos Prof.(a). Dr.(a) Eliane Pintor de Arruda Prof.(a). Dr.(a). Michela Borges Os membros da Comissão Examinadora acima assinaram a Ata de defesa, que se encontra no processo de vida acadêmica do aluno. A Ata da defesa com as respectivas assinaturas dos membros encontra-se no SIGA/Sistema de Fluxo de Dissertação/Tese e na Secretaria do Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Animal da Unidade do Instituto de Biologia. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradecimento especial ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. Flavio Dias Passos pela confiança depositada durante todos esses anos. Obrigada por ter dedicado o seu tempo a me ensinar um pouco sobre esse grupo incrível que é Thyasiridae e também sobre os bivalves marinhos. Obrigada pelos momentos de descontração no laboratório, pelas risadas, pelos almoços e também pelas conversas sérias necessárias. Me sinto agradecida por ter feito parte desse meu crescimento no mundo científico por isso meu singelo “Obrigada”! O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Código de Financiamento 001. À Instituição Smithsonian por ter financiado através do “Kenneth Jay Boss Fellowship in Invertebrate Zoology” pelo período de três meses em que pude ter acesso a coleção de Thyasiridae do National Museum of Natural History. Meu obrigada especial para Dr. Ellen Strong e Dr. Jerry Harasewych, que me ajudaram durante todo o processo de aplicação até meu último dia na instituição. Obrigada as pessoas que me apoiaram e fizeram meus dias melhores durante todo meu tempo em Washington, DC: Juan e Chaya por todo o apoio e amizade. E Yolanda Villacampa, Scott e Amanda, que tornaram possível todas as minhas necessidades dentro do museu. Agradeço imensamente os meus amigos do Laboratório de Malacologia da Unicamp, Alan, Ana Clara, Fabrízio, Marcel e Pedro. Jamais esquecerei as conversas, risadas, almoços e lanchinhos da tarde, que me fizeram seguir forte durante todo o período do mestrado. Não tenho palavras para agradecer o quanto sou grata por tudo que fizeram por mim e nem pela amizade construída com as melhores pessoas dessa Unicamp. Sem vocês, com certeza não chegaria e nem seria metade do que sou hoje. Aos meus amigos de longa data, Diogo, Luciano, Carol e Yohans, agradeço pela paciência, por lutarem cada batalha comigo, e por me oferecerem sempre um conselho carinhoso e abraço apertado quando precisei. Sem vocês não teria sido possível trilhar esse caminho. Vocês são as melhores pessoas que eu podia ter. Agradeço minha família, Cristiane, Salvador e Thamires e minhas avós, Maria e Joana, que são a minha fortaleza e que me permitem estar sempre forte a frente de todas as decisões e rumos que tomo. Vocês são o meu bem mais precioso. Obrigada por estarem comigo sempre e por confiar em mim. Obrigada a todos que participaram direta ou indiretamente desse momento da minha vida e que me fortaleceu para seguir. RESUMO Thyasiridae é o segundo táxon mais frequentemente encontrado em habitats marinhos considerados “hostis”, como sedimentos associados a fontes hidrotermais, plataformas de petróleo, ossadas de baleia e madeira em decomposição ou àqueles circundante a vulcões. Nesses habitats, a quantidade de nutrientes disponíveis, a baixa taxa de oxigênio e o alto nível de pressão são três principais estresses ambientais que podem provocar variações morfológicas e anatômicas em bivalves. Decorrente desses fatores as espécies podem sofrer redução significativa ou perda de partes, até órgãos inteiros relacionados ao sistema digestório, podendo impulsionar a associação com bactérias quimiossintetizantes. Neste trabalho foram examinados exemplares coletados pelos projetos HABITATS e AMBES, executados pela Petrobrás, assim como ALUCIA em colaboração com Prof. Dr. Paulo Sumida, os quais foram identificados a nível específico contribuindo para o conhecimento da malacológica brasileira. Thyasira Lamarck, 1818, Parathyasira Iredale, 1930 e Spinaxinus Oliver & Holmes, 2006 foram os gêneros identificados para o litoral sul e sudeste brasileiro, totalizando em quatro espécies: Thyasria trisinuata (d’Orbigny, 1846), T. obsoleta (Verril & Bush, 1898), Parathyasira granulosa (Monterosato, 1874) e Spinaxinus sp. Para compreender as diferenças entre as espécies e seus problemas taxonômicos os materiais-tipo foram examinados e esses provenientes das seguintes instituições: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas “Adão José Cardoso” (ZUEC), São Paulo, Brasil; Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro e coleção do Laboratório de Malacologia da UFRJ, ambos no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, e Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard University, ambos nos Estados Unidos da América; Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, França; e Museum of Wales e Natural History Museum of London, ambos da Inglaterra. Através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram observados detalhes da superfície externa da concha como presença ou ausência de microestruturas do perióstraco e morfologia da concha larval, as quais são características principais que permitem distinguir as espécies entre si e de suas similares. Palavras-chave: Thyasiridae – Taxonomia – Mar profundo - Quimiosimbiontes ABSTRACT Thyasiridae is the second most frequent taxon found in marine “hostile habitats”, such as hydrothermal vents, oildfields, organic falls and sediment near of volcanoes. In those habitats, the quantity of available nutrients, low rate of oxygen and high level of pressure are the three main environmental factors that might cause morphological and anatomical variation in bivalves. The variations might be the reduction or lack of organs related to digestive system triggering the association with chemossymbionts bacterias. In this work, the analyzed samples were collected from HABITATS and AMBES projects executed by Petrobrás and also samples from ALUCIA, a project in collaboration with Prof. Dr. Paulo Sumida. The samples were examined and identified until specific level contributing to the knowledge of Mollusca biodiversity in Brazilian coast. Thyasira Lamarck, 1818, Parathyasira Monterosato, 1874 and Spinaxinus Oliver & Holmes, 2006 were found to the Southern and Southeastern coasts of Brazil totalizing four species, Thyasria trisinuata (d’Orbigny, 1846), T. obsoleta (Verril & Bush, 1898), Parathyasira granulosa (Monterosato, 1874) e Spinaxinus sp. Type materials of each species were examined focusing on better understanding of the differences among those species and their taxonomical problems. Those samples
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