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Caractérisation Des Variétés D'olives Dans La Zone De Hassi Ben Abdellah

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Caractérisation Des Variétés D'olives Dans La Zone De Hassi Ben Abdellah UNIVERCITE KASDI MERBAH OUARGLA Faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie Département agronomique Mémoire MASTER ACADIMIQUE/PROFESSIONNEL Domaine : Science de la Nature et de la Vie Filière : Agronomie Spécialité : Gestion des agro-systèmes Présenté par Melle FELLAH Souad Thème Caractérisation des variétés d’olives dans la zone de Hassi Ben Abdellah « cas de l’exploitation de BENSACI » Soutenue publiquement Le : 28 /06/2018 Devant le jury : Président Melle CHAOUCH S Maître de conférences A UKM Ouargla Promoteur Mme DJERROUDI O Maître de conférences B UKM Ouargla Co-promoteur Mme BABAHANI S Professeur UKM Ouargla Examinateur Mr BELAROUSSI M.E Maître assistant A UKM Ouargla Année Universitaire : 2017/2018 Dédicace Je dédie ce modeste travail à L’être le plus cher dans le monde, ma source de Dédicacetendresse Ma très chère mère. A mon très cher père pour tout son soutien pendant ma vie. Mes chères sœurs Mes chers frères Mes tantes et tentants Mes amies A tous qui m’ont encouragé de près ou de loin. SOUAD F RemerciementsJe dédie ce modeste Remerciements Je remercie avant tout ALLAH tout puissant, de m’avoir guidé toutes les années d’étude et m’avoir donné la volonté, la patience et le courage pour terminer ce Remerciementstravail. Je tiens à adresser mes sincères remerciements d’abord et particulièrement à mon encadreur Mme DJEROUDI. Ouiza et Co-promotrice BABAHANI Souad, pour leur encadrement et leur soutien qui m’ont permis de bien mener cette recherche. Et je tiens à remercier profondément les membres de jury : Melle CHAOUCH Saida, et Mr BELAROUSSI Mohamed, d’avoir accepté de juger mon travail Également j’exprime ma gratitude à Mr EDDOUD Amar, Mr CHABNA Ahmed, pour leur aide précieux m'ayant permis la valorisation statistique des résultats, Mes remercîment vont également à Mr djili, Mme KHIKHI, Melle Haddou Messaouda et Melle Benzahi Aicha pour leur aide précieuse Un grand merci à Mr BENSACI pour son accueil et son patience. Merci également à tous les personnels des laboratoires : de Bio Ressources Sahariennes préservation et valorisation et les laboratoires pédagogiques de Liste des tableaux Tableau 1: Principales variétés cultivées dans le monde ........................................................... 7 Tableau 2: Localisation et destination de production des principales Vs en Algérie .............. 10 Tableau 3 : Evolution des superficies et production oléicoles ................................................. 11 Tableau 4: Propriétés des variétés étudiées. ............................................................................. 28 Tableau 5: Différents organes et caractères étudiés. ................................................................ 32 Tableau 6: Caractères qualitatifs des variétés étudiées ............................................................ 38 Tableau 7: Phases phénologiques d'olivier dans l’exploitation de BENSACI ......................... 49 Liste des figures Figure 1: Carte oléicole mondiale ............................................................................................. 7 Figure 2: Aspect générale de l'olivier ....................................................................................... 15 Figure 3: Situation géographique de la région d'étude. ............................................................ 22 Figure 4: Localisation de la station d'étude dans la zone de Hassi Ben Abdallah .................................................................................................................................................. 23 Figure 5: Diagramme Ombrothermique de BAGNOULS et GAUSSEN de la région de Ouargla (2007-2017). ............................................................................................................... 25 Figure 6: Schéma approximatif représentant le dispositif des arbres choisis au niveau des parcelles d’essai ........................................................................................................................ 30 Figure 7: Plotentiel hydrogène du sol des parcelles d’essai. .................................................... 36 Figure 8: Conductivité électrique du sol des parcelles d’essai. ................................................ 37 Figure 9: Caractérisation granulométrique des sols dans les deux parcelles ............................ 37 Figure 10: Rapports moyens de longueur et diamètre des feuilles. .......................................... 41 Figure 11: Poids moyen des fruits ............................................................................................ 43 Figure 12: Rapports moyens de longueur et diamètre des fruits ............................................. 44 Figure13:Poids moyen des noyaux et des différentes variétés……………………………… Figure 14: Rapport moyen de longueur et diamètre des noyaux ……………………………..47 Figure 15: ACP des observations et des variables étudiés sur le plan factoriel 1-2……… … Figure 16: Hauteur et diamètre du tronc des arbres.................................................................. 48 Figure 17: Hauteur des arbres ................................................................................................... 49 Liste des photos Photo 1: Parcelle 1 ................................................................................................................................ 23 Photo 2 : Parcelle 2 ............................................................................................................................... 24 Photo 3: Niveaux d’échantillonnage du sol ........................................................................................... 33 Photo 4 : Olivier à la phase de repos ..................................................................................................... 50 Photo 5 : Fleurs d’olive .......................................................................................................................... 50 Photo 6 : Fruits à la phase de nouaison ................................................................................................ 50 Photo 7 : Fruit au grossissement .......................................................................................................... 51 Photo 8 : Fruits à la phase maturation .................................................................................................. 51 Liste des abréviations ACP : analyse en composante principal CE : Conductivité électrique C.O.I: Conseil oléicole international. DSA : Direction Des Services Agricoles ONM: Office National de la Météorologie pH : Potentiel hydrogène Pfr : Poids de fruit PN : Poids de noyau RLDfr: rapport entre longueur et diamètre du fruit RLDN : rapport entre longueur et diamètre du noyau RLlF : rapport entre longueur et largeur de feuille Glossaires 1-Conseil oléicole international : Le Conseil oléicole international - anciennement, le Conseil international de l'huile d'olive - est une organisation intergouvernementale d'États qui produisent des olives ou des produits dérivés d'olives, comme l'huile d'olive. Créer en 1956, Siège du Conseil existe à Madrid (Espagne). Table de matières Dédicace ......................................................................................................................................... Dédicace ......................................................................................................................................... Remerciements ................................................................................................................................. Remerciements ................................................................................................................................. Liste des tableaux ......................................................................................................................... Liste des figures ............................................................................................................................ Liste des photos ............................................................................................................................ Liste des abréviations ................................................................................................................... Table de matières .......................................................................................................................... Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 2 Partie I : Synthèse bibliographique Chapitre I : Généralités sur l’olivier I-1-Origine et extension :............................................................................................................ 6 I-2-Oléiculture dans le monde .................................................................................................... 6 I-2-1- Situation mondial de l’oléiculture .................................................................................... 6 I-2-2- Diversification variétale d’olive cultivées dans le monde ............................................... 7 I-3-Oléiculture en Algérie .......................................................................................................... 9 I-3-1-Situation Algérienne de l’oléiculture ................................................................................ 9 I-3-2-Diversification variétal en Algérie .................................................................................... 9 I-4- Oléiculture dans la wilaya d’Ouargla ...............................................................................
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