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FARMING for NATURA 2000-Final Guidance

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FARMING for NATURA 2000-Final Guidance Farming for Natura 2000 Guidance on how to support Natura 2000 farming systems to achieve conservation objectives, based on Member States good practice experiences Environment Farming for Natura 2000 Guidance on how to support Natura 2000 farming systems to achieve conservation objectives, based on Member States good practice experiences European Commission 2014 Reproduction authorised provided the source is acknowledged. All photos are under copyright. This document has been prepared for the European Commission by Concha Olmeda (Atecma/N2K GROUP), Clunie Keenleyside, Graham Tucker and Evelyn Underwood (IEEP) under contract N° 070307/2010/580710/SER/B3 Acknowledgements: Some N2K Group members provided helpful comments and contributions, especially: Miroslava Plassmann, Oliviero Spinelli, Marc Thauront and Daniela Zaghi. Kerstin Sundseth revised the final draft and provided useful comments and suggestions. We also thank the following experts at IEEP for their contributions: Christina Ieronymidou, Marianne Kettunen, Ceri Margerison, Andrew McConville and Caitlin McCormack. Guy Beaufoy (European Forum on Nature Conservation and Pastoralism) provided advice and important inputs. An ad-hoc group with participants from different Member States and relevant stakeholders provided expert advice for the development of the guidance, particularly on the policy measures. DG Agriculture and Rural Development has also contributed to this guidance document. Front cover: farming in Mala Fatra mountains, Slovakia, © istockphoto TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ I-XV PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE..............................................................................................................1 What is this guidance for? ......................................................................................................................1 Who is this guidance for?........................................................................................................................1 What can you find in this document?.....................................................................................................2 1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................4 1.1 Farming across the ages....................................................................................................................4 1.2 Reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy.....................................................................................5 1.3 EU and Member States’ policy commitments on biodiversity .........................................................5 1.4 The Natura 2000 Network ................................................................................................................7 1.5 A partnership between farmers and society ....................................................................................8 2. FARMLAND IN NATURA 2000...................................................................................................9 2.1 What kind of farmland is included in Natura 2000?.........................................................................9 2.2 Which habitats and species of Community interest are concerned?.............................................12 2.2.1 Key farmland habitats of Community interest.............................................................................12 2.2.2 Key farmland species of Community interest..............................................................................17 2.3 What is the current conservation status of habitats and species dependent on agriculture? ......19 2.4 What are the main drivers of agricultural change that need to be addressed?.............................21 2.5 What are the main pressures and threats to habitats and species dependent on agriculture?....21 3. AN OVERVIEW OF THE MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR NATURA 2000............................. 29 3.1 How are Natura 2000 sites to be managed and protected?...........................................................29 3.2 implementing Article 6.1 on Natura 2000 farmland sites ..............................................................33 3.3 Identifying the resources needed for managing Natura 2000 sites ...............................................39 4. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT OF NATURA 2000 HABITATS AND SPECIES ................................................................................................................................ 42 4.1 Habitat management......................................................................................................................42 4.2 Species management......................................................................................................................48 4.3 Key considerations for planning the management of Natura 2000 farmland................................51 5. THE CAP AND OTHER SOURCES OF FUNDING FOR NATURA 2000 FARMING SYSTEMS.............. 53 5.1 EU funding for Natura 2000 farmland ............................................................................................53 5.2 Introduction to the reformed CAP as a key source of funding for Natura 2000 farmland.............56 5.3 The environmental reference level for CAP payments...................................................................58 5.4 A new definition of permanent grassland and permanent pasture ...............................................62 5.5 Eligibility of Natura 2000 farmland for CAP payments ...................................................................63 5.6 The importance of supporting the farming system not just the land management ......................65 5.7 CAP support to ensure economic viability of extensive Natura 2000 farming systems.................66 5.8 CAP support for building the capacity of the Natura 2000 farms...................................................71 5.9 CAP and other support for adding value to the produce of Natura 2000 farms............................75 5.10 CAP support for the management of Natura 2000 farmland habitats and species .....................79 5.11 CAP payments for co-operation projects and local partnerships.................................................87 5.12 Other EU funds for Natura 2000...................................................................................................90 5.13 Market-based instruments and innovative instruments..............................................................93 6. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES TO SUPPORT NATURA 2000 FARMLAND MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 96 6.1 Strategic planning and prioritisation of conservation objectives and funding...............................96 6.2 Identifying Natura 2000 farmland and farming systems, and engaging with the farmers.............99 6.3 Ensuring eligibility for CAP support and setting the reference level............................................103 6.4 Designing and targeting coherent packages of CAP support for Natura 2000 farms...................105 6.5 Securing financial, technical, advisory and administrative resources for implementation..........111 6.6 Monitoring, evaluation and review ..............................................................................................112 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 115 LIST OF ACRONYMS.................................................................................................................. 126 ANNEXES ANNEX A - Key habitat types of Community interest that are dependent on agricultural management ANNEX B - Key species of Community interest associated with farmland ANNEX C - Main habitats of Community interest dependent on agriculture in each Member State ANNEX D - Management recommendations for each Annex I habitat type dependent on agricultural management ANNEX E - Case studies: Managing farmland in Natura 2000 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The importance of farming for Natura 2000 Farming has been a major contributor to biodiversity, thanks to centuries of diverse farming traditions which has resulted in the development of an intricate patchwork of semi-natural habitats across the landscape. This has, in turn, attracted a wide range of species of fauna and flora. The EU Member States have adopted two key pieces of EU legislation – the Habitats 1 and Birds 2 Directives – to conserve Europe’s most valuable species and habitats across their entire natural range within the EU. A central element of these Nature Directives is the creation of an EU-wide Natura 2000 Network of sites that must be managed and protected to ensure the conservation of the habitats and species of Community interest. But Natura 2000 sites are not strictly protected areas where all activities are systematically excluded. It adopts a different approach: one that fully recognises that humans are an integral part of nature and that the two work best in partnership with one another. Many of the habitats and species that are protected under the Habitats and Birds Directives are dependent on, or associated with, agricultural practices 3. These habitats and species are now dependent on locally tailored extensive farming systems and practices for their continued survival.
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