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Izvlečki Referatov 2005 ZBORNIK PREDAVANJ IN REFERATOV LECTURES AND PAPERS 7. SLOVENSKO POSVETOVANJE O VARSTVU RASTLIN 7TH SLOVENIAN CONFERENCE ON PLANT PROTECTION 8. - 10. marec 2005, Zreče, SLOVENIJA Društvo za varstvo rastlin Slovenije Plant Protection Society of Slovenia LJUBLJANA, 2005 1 Zbornik predavanj in referatov 7. slovenskega posvetovanja o varstvu rastlin, Zreče, 2005 Izdalo: Društvo za varstvo rastlin Slovenije Lektoriranje: akad. prof. dddr. Jože Maček Urejanje in oblikovanje: Stanislav Vajs in Mario Lešnik Tisk: Naklada: 300 izvodov CIP – Kataložni zapis o publikaciji ISBN 961-90950-3-0 Pokrovitelj in soorganizator: 2 Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano RS – Fitosanitarna uprava RS Soorganizatorji: Inšpektorat RS za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in hrano Kmetijsko gozdarska zbornica Slovenije Ministrstvo za visoko šolstvo, znanost in tehnologijo RS Ministrstvo za zdravje RS – Urad za kemikalije Sponzorji: BASF Slovenija d.o.o., Ljubljana Bayer CropScience Slovenija KARSIA Dutovlje d.o.o. in DOW AgroSciences Pinus TKI Rače d.d., Rače Syngenta Agro d.o.o., Ljubljana Posvetovanje so podprli: Cinkarna Celje d.d. Agroprogram Crompton Europe Ltd. Jurana d.o.o., Maribor Metrob d.o.o. Pliva Veterina, Ljubljana Semenarna Ljubljana d.d. Unichem d.o.o, Sinja Gorica Donatorji: Agroind Vipava 1894 Vipava d.d. Agro Auer d.o.o., Maribor Agrokombinat Maribor d.d. Agro Ruše d.o.o., Ruše Agromehanika Kranj d.d. Fakulteta za kmetijstvo Maribor Jeruzalem Ormož VVS d.d. Ptujska klet d.o.o. Radgonske gorice d.d. Tovarna sladkorja Ormož d.d. Trsničarska zadruga Vrhpolje z.o.o. Uredništvo revije SAD Vanir s.p. in DuPont VinaKoper d.o.o. Vinska klet Goriška Brda z.o.o. Zlati Grič d.o.o. Zupan d.o.o. Predsednik Organizacijskega odbora / President of the Organizing Committee 3 doc. dr. Mario LEŠNIK, univ. dipl. inž. agr. Organizacijski odbor / Organizing Committee Stanislav VAJS, univ. dipl. inž. kmet. mag. Gustav MATIS, univ. dipl. inž. agr. mag. Konrad BEBER, univ. dipl. inž. agr. Jože MIKLAVC, univ. dipl. inž. agr. Aleksander BOBNAR, oec. doc. dr. Stanislav TRDAN, univ. dipl. inž. agr. mag. Ivan ŽEŽLINA, univ. dipl. inž. agr. Joži JERMAN-CVELBAR, univ. dipl. inž. agr. dr. Jernej BRZIN univ. dipl. biol. mag. Magda RAK-CIZEJ, univ. dipl. inž. agr. Renata FRAS-PETRLIN, univ. dipl. inž. agr. Vasja HAFNER, univ. dipl. inž. agr. Programski odbor / Scientific Committee akad. prof. dddr. Jože MAČEK prof. dr. Lea MILEVOJ, univ. dipl. inž. agr. prof. dr. Maja RAVNIKAR, univ. dipl. biol. doc. dr. Andrej SIMONČIČ, univ. dipl. inž. agr. doc. dr. Mario LEŠNIK, univ. dipl. inž. agr. Organizator / Organizer: Društvo za varstvo rastlin Slovenije / Plant Protection Society of Slovenia Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana http://www.bf.uni-lj.si/dvrs/ Naslov organizacijskega odbora / Address of Organising Committee: FAKULTETA ZA KMETIJSTVO MARIBOR, Katedra za fitomedicino, Vrbanska 30, 2000 Maribor, Slovenija Telefon: 02 25 05 820, Fax: 02 229 60 71, E-mail: [email protected] FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, Department of Plant Protection, 30 Vrbanska, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia Telephone: +386 2 25 05 820, Fax: +386 2 229 60 71, E-mail: [email protected] 4 KAZALO: Uvodni referati 9 Aplikacija fitofarmacevtskih sredstev in zanašanje FFS 19 Ekologija fitofarmacevtskih sredstev in zakonodaja 29 Agrometeorologija in napovedovanje pojava bolezni 39 Informacijski sistemi povezani z varstvom rastlin 47 Varstvo sadnih rastlin in vinske trte 57 Fitofarmacevtska sredstva (sadjarstvo, vinogradništvo) 65 Fitovirologija in fitobakteriologija 75 Varstvo poljščin, vrtnin in okrasnih rastlin 87 Fitofarmacevtska sredstva (poljedelstvo, vrtnarstvo) 97 Entomologija 107 Nematologija 117 Mikologija 123 Varstvo gozdnih in okrasnih drevnin 131 Splošna sekcija 139 Posterska sekcija 149 5 UVODNI REFERATI 6 Zakonodaja in tehnične rešitve za zmanjševanje pojavov zanašanja (drifta) pri nanosu pripravkov v sadovnjakih in vinogradih Paolo BALSARI DEIAFA – University of Turin, Via L. Da Vinci 44,10095 Grugliasco (TO) Italy V številnih severnoevropskih državah so uvedli zakonodajne ukrepe da bi preprečili negativne učinke zanašanja pripravkov za varstvo rastlin na okolje. Razvili so sistem varovalnih pasov s katerim so omogočili nadaljevanje uporabe nekaterih za okolje manj prijaznih pripravkov. Širina varovalnih pasov je prilagojena vrsti opreme za nanos pripravkov, odmerku in lastnostim posameznega pripravka ter lastnostim biotopov v neposredni bližini s pripravki tretiranih zemljišč (vodni viri, naselja, občutljivi biotopi, …). Razvili so tudi klasifikacijo opreme za nanašanje glede na stopnjo tveganja za pojave zanašanja pripravkov izven območja nanosa. V mediteranskih deželah so do sedaj v zvezi s to tematiko opravili malo raziskav. Naraščajoča skrb glede varovanja okolja in potreba po usklajevanju zakonodaje znotraj Evropske unije je privedla do razvoja skupnih usmeritev na tem področju. Z namenom ovrednotenja problema zanašanja pripravkov v italijanskih vinogradih in sadovnjakih so izvedli študijo, ki je potekala skladno s standardom (ISO DIS 22866). Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da ima na obseg zanašanja pripravkov v okolico sadovnjakov in vinogradov zelo velik vpliv gojitvena oblika – struktura krošnje dreves in oblika listne stene vinograda. Pri vinogradih z ožjimi medvrstnimi razdaljami in gostejšo listno steno so bile izmerjene vrednosti količine v okolico zanesenih pripravkov manjše, kot v vinogradih z večjimi medvrstnimi razdaljami in ožjimi listnimi stenami. Velike vrednosti depozitov pripravkov zanesenih izven območja tretiranja so bile izmerjene v nasadih, kjer so škropljenja opravljali s pršilniki z veliko kapaciteto za izmenjavo zraka in kjer so uporabljali šobe, ki oblikujejo drobne kapljice. Z uporabo antidriftnih šob so dosegli značilno zmanjšanje zanašanja. Ključne besede: zanašanje pripravkov, vinogradi, sadovnjaki, antidriftne šobe, pršilniki ABSTRACT Legislative measures and technical solution able to reduce spray drift in arboreal crop In several Northern European countries legislative measures have been introduced to prevent the negative effects of spray drift on the environment. The use of buffer zones has been introduced to enable the continued use of some environmentally sensitive pesticides. The width of these is dependant the type of equipment used, the applied pesticide dosage and the features of the area adjacent to the treated field (i.e. presence of surface water, urban sites, etc.) (Gilbert, 2000). Also, a classification of spraying equipment, according to drift risk, has been defined (Herbst and Ganzelmeier, 2000; Walklate et al., 2000). In Mediterranean countries, relatively little research has been carried out on this subject. Nevertheless, the rising concerns about environmental safety and the need to harmonise legislative measures for the mitigation of drift risks is a European Union directive. With the purpose of quantifying the problem of spray drift in Italian vineyards and orchards, a specific study has 7 been carried out following the International guidelines (ISO DIS 22866). The results indicate a considerable influence of the canopy characteristics on the amount of drift deposit assessed on the ground in the area adjacent to the vineyard orchard sprayed. The vineyard featured by a narrower spacing and compact vegetation gave lower drift than the vineyard featured by wider spacing and thinner canopy. Higher values of drift were always observed when fine droplets and high air flow rates were used, while adopting air inclusion nozzles gave considerable drift reductions. Key words: application drift, vineyards, orchards, drift reducing nozzles, sprayers ♣♣♣ Postopek testiranja pršilnikov za pridobitev deklaracije z oznako "oprema za zmanjševanje pojava zanašanja" v Nemčiji Dirk RAUTMANN, Andreas HERBST Federal Biological Research Centre, Messeweg 11-12, D-38104 Braunschweig Zmanjševanje zanašanja (drifta) pri nanosu pripravkov za varstvo rastlin je eno glavnih orodij za zmanjševanje tveganja za okolje pri njihovi uporabi. Zato je potrebno določanje varnostnih pasov in uporaba opreme, ki zmanjšuje obseg aplikacijskega zanašanja in s tem izpostavljenost neciljnih organizmov in površinskih voda. V Nemčiji je podeljevanje dovoljenj (registracij) za dajanje fitofarmacevtskih sredstev na trg tesno povezano s predhodnim določanjem velikosti varovalnih pasov za aplikacijo ob vodnih virih in tudi z lastnostmi opreme za nanos, povezanimi s potencialom za povzročanje zanašanja. Leta 1993 so pričeli oblikovati register opreme, ki je deklarirana, kot oprema za zmanjševanje zanašanja (Drift reducing equipment DRE; Verzeichnis Verlustmindernde (Abdriftmindernde) Geräte). Trenutni register vsebuje podatke za 250 vrst naprav, ki uradno izpolnjujejo s standardi deklarirane lastnosti. Proizvajalci opreme (pršilnikov, škropilnic, šob, …) so dolžni pred dajanjem novih naprav na trg ustanovi BBA (Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft) podati vlogo za uvrstitev njihovih naprav v register DRE. Ustanova BBA najprej ugotovi ustreznost opreme za namene, za katere je deklarirana uporaba. Ko je zaključen prvi ciklus pregleda tehnične skladnosti z namenom uporabe, dobi naprava prvo deklaracijo v obliki BBA nalepke in šele potem pristopijo k testiranju lastnosti glede zmanjševanja zanašanja. Pri testiranju nove naprave glede značilnosti zanašanja, vrednosti ugotovljene pri meritvah zanašanja v standardnih protokolih, primerjajo z vrednostmi referenčne standardne opreme značilne za nemško tržišče, ki so podane v registru podatkov imenovanem "basic drift values". Novo
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