Wettbewerbsfaktoren Von Kreuzfahrthäfen – Untersucht Am Fahrtgebiet Nordeuropa

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Wettbewerbsfaktoren Von Kreuzfahrthäfen – Untersucht Am Fahrtgebiet Nordeuropa Wettbewerbsfaktoren von Kreuzfahrthäfen – untersucht am Fahrtgebiet Nordeuropa Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum politicarum (Dr. rer. pol.) der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Rostock vorgelegt von: Dipl.-Kffr. Kathrin Werner aus Kühlungsborn Rostock, Oktober 2015 Gutachter: 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Breitzmann Universität Rostock (emeritiert) 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Martin Benkenstein Institut für Marketing und Dienstleistungsforschung, Universität Rostock Datum der Einreichung: 02. Oktober 2015 Datum der Verteidigung: 20. April 2016 I Inhaltsverzeichnis I. ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS ............................................................................................................. V II. TABELLENVERZEICHNIS ............................................................................................................ VIII III. ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS ............................................................................................................ X A ZIELSTELLUNG UND METHODISCHES VORGEHEN .......................................................................... 1 1 Relevanz der Thematik und Forschungsstand ........................................................................... 1 2 Zielsetzung und Struktur .................................................................................................................... 6 B STELLUNG DER HÄFEN IN DER KREUZSCHIFFFAHRT .................................................................. 10 1 Zielstellung des Abschnittes ........................................................................................................... 10 2 Hochseekreuzfahrten aus der Produktperspektive .............................................................. 10 2.1 Bedeutung der Produktperspektive von Kreuzfahrten für Häfen ......................................... 10 2.2 Touristische Einordnung und Begriffsverständnis von Kreuzfahrten ................................ 11 2.3 Produktelemente von Kreuzfahrten .................................................................................................. 16 2.3.1 Merkmale des Kreuzfahrtschiffes .............................................................................................. 16 2.3.2 Merkmale der Kreuzfahrtroute .................................................................................................. 21 2.4 Produktbezogene Charakterisierung von Kreuzfahrtarten und Herleitung von Kreuzfahrtsegmenten .............................................................................................................................. 24 3 Kreuzfahrthäfen als Form von Seehäfen.................................................................................... 28 3.1 Grundfunktion und Begriffsabgrenzung von Kreuzfahrthäfen............................................... 28 3.2 Gliederung von Hafenarten unter Berücksichtigung von Kreuzfahrt- Produktmerkmalen ................................................................................................................................... 33 3.2.1 Relevanz der Kreuzfahrt-Produktmerkmale für Häfen ................................................... 33 3.2.2 Arten von Kreuzfahrthäfen und Beurteilung ihrer Abgrenzungskriterien .............. 36 3.2.2.1 Inhaltliche Gliederungsansätze von Kreuzfahrt-Hafenarten ........................... 36 3.2.2.2 Charakteristik funktional-serviceorientierter Kreuzfahrt-Hafenarten ....... 41 3.3 Hafenleistungen und erforderliche Fazilitäten in Turnaround- und Stopover-Häfen .. 45 3.3.1 Leistungsstruktur in Kreuzfahrthäfen ..................................................................................... 45 3.3.1.1 Leistungsbereiche in Kreuzfahrthäfen im Vergleich zu Güterhäfen ............. 45 3.3.1.2 Bedeutung des Umweltmanagements für Kreuzfahrthäfen ............................. 51 3.3.2 Gliederung und Stellenwert von Hafenfazilitäten .............................................................. 58 4 Routenplanung als Bestandteil der Kreuzfahrtplanung ...................................................... 65 4.1 Charakterisierung der Routenplanung ............................................................................................. 65 4.1.1 Begriff und Bedeutung der Routenplanung innerhalb der Kreuzfahrtplanung ..... 65 4.1.2 Entscheidungsträger und Planungsebenen ........................................................................... 67 4.2 Ablauf des Routenplanungsprozesses .............................................................................................. 70 4.3 Gliederung von Hafenwahlkriterien und Zuordnung zu Hafenbereichen ......................... 78 4.3.1 Gruppierung von Hafenwahlkriterien ..................................................................................... 78 4.3.2 Zuordnung von Hafenwahlkriterien zu Hafenleistungen und Hafenfazilitäten ..... 81 C ANFORDERUNGEN AN KREUZFAHRTHÄFEN IM FAHRTGEBIET NORDEUROPA ........................... 86 1 Zielstellung des Abschnittes ........................................................................................................... 86 2 Charakterisierung des Fahrtgebietes Nordeuropa ................................................................ 86 2.1 Stellung Nordeuropas innerhalb der weltweiten Kreuzfahrtentwicklung ........................ 86 2.2 Nordeuropäische Kreuzfahrthäfen ..................................................................................................... 94 2.2.1 Abgrenzung des Fahrtgebietes Nordeuropa ......................................................................... 94 2.2.2 Charakteristik von Kreuzfahrthäfen in der Ostsee und im Nordland ........................ 96 3 Schwerpunkte und Design der Untersuchung von Routenplanung und Hafenwahl von Kreuzfahrtanbietern ...............................................................................................................105 3.1 Zentrale Forschungsfragen ................................................................................................................. 105 3.2 Methode der Datenerhebung ............................................................................................................. 106 3.3 Beschreibung der Untersuchungsobjekte .................................................................................... 108 3.3.1 Recherche und Struktur der Grundgesamtheit ................................................................ 108 3.3.2 Charakterisierung der weltweiten Kreuzfahrtanbieter und ihrer Schiffe ............. 111 3.4 Erhebungsinstrument und Untersuchungsablauf ..................................................................... 116 4 Befragungsergebnisse zur Routenplanung von Kreuzfahrtanbietern .........................120 4.1 Charakterisierung der befragten Kreuzfahrtanbieter ............................................................. 120 4.1.1 Struktur der Befragten im Vergleich zur Grundgesamtheit ........................................ 120 4.1.2 Bedeutung nordeuropäischer Fahrtgebiete für die Befragten ................................... 124 4.2 Dauer der Planung und Vermarktung von Kreuzfahrtrouten .............................................. 130 4.3 Gründe für die Wahl nordeuropäischer Fahrtgebiete ............................................................. 133 5 Befragungsergebnisse zur Hafenwahl von Kreuzfahrtanbietern ..................................137 5.1 Einfluss von Hafenwahlkriterien in Turnaround- und Stopover-Häfen .......................... 137 5.2 Einfluss von Hafenwahlkriterien in Abhängigkeit vom Kreuzfahrtsegment ................. 140 5.3 Einfluss von Hafenwahlkriterien in Abhängigkeit von der Bedeutung nordeuropäischer Fahrtgebiete ........................................................................................................ 145 5.4 Stellenwert neuer Häfen für die Hafenauswahl ......................................................................... 149 5.5 Zeitpunkte der Planung von Hafenwahlkriterien...................................................................... 153 6 Zusammenfassung und Beurteilung zentraler Analyseergebnisse ...............................158 D SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN ZU WETTBEWERBSRELEVANTEN MAßNAHMENBEREICHEN IN NORDEUROPÄISCHEN KREUZFAHRTHÄFEN .............................................................................. 164 1 Zielstellung des Abschnittes .........................................................................................................164 2 Wettbewerbsfaktoren nordeuropäischer Kreuzfahrthäfen .............................................164 3 Maßnahmen nordeuropäischer Kreuzfahrthäfen zur Verbesserung ihrer Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ....................................................................................................................167 3.1 Maßnahmefelder zur Attraktivitätssteigerung des Fahrtgebietes Nordeuropa .......... 167 3.2 Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Wettbewerbsposition nordeuropäischer Kreuzfahrthäfen ...................................................................................................................................... 172 3.3 Bedeutung der Langfristigkeit der Routenplanung für Hafenmaßnahmen ................... 177 E RESÜMEE ................................................................................................................................... 180 1 Zusammenfassung zentraler Untersuchungsergebnisse ..................................................180 2 Kritische Würdigung und Ausblick ............................................................................................189
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