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Asian Ambrosia Beetle (Granulate Ambrosia Beetle)

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Asian Ambrosia Beetle (Granulate Ambrosia Beetle) Pest Profile Photo credit: (Left) Javier E. Mercado, Bark Beetle Genera of the U.S., USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org; (Right) Lacy L. Hyche, Auburn University, Bugwood.org Common Name: Asian Ambrosia Beetle (Granulate Ambrosia Beetle) Scientific Name: Xylosandrus crassiusculus Order and Family: Coleoptera, Curculionidae Size and Appearance: Length (mm) Appearance Egg Eggs are white, translucent, and ovoid in shape. Larva The larvae are white, legless, and “C-shaped” with a well- developed, dark head. Adult Female: 2.1-2.9 The head of the Asian ambrosia beetle is completely hidden Male: 1.5 mm dorsally by the pronotum. Their antennal club appears obliquely cut and consist of a scape (basal segment of antenna) followed by a funicle (segments between the scape and club) that is attached to the terminal club. The body is generally smooth and shiny. These adult beetles can be distinguished from other related species by their larger size and dull, densely granulate surface on the downward slopes (declivity) of the body. Long hairs (setae) can be observed on the back end of the thickened, leathery wings (elytra). Females have stout bodies whereas the males are differently shaped with a radically reduced thorax and hunched- back appearance. Males and females are a dark reddish-brown with darker coloration on the elytral declivity. Males are also flightless. Pupa (if The pupa is white. The appendages are free and not glued to the applicable) body. Type of feeder (Chewing, sucking, etc.): Larvae and adults have chewing mouthparts. Host/s: The larva and adult Asian ambrosia beetle tunnel into the sapwood and hardwood of a variety of trees and shrubs including a variety of stone fruits (Prunus spp.): pecan, golden-rain tree, sweetgum, persimmon, oaks, beech, Chinese elm, crape myrtle, magnolia, poplar, tulip, dogwood, hickory, locust, maples, cherry, aspen, Bradford pear, and walnut. Description of Damage (larvae and adults): Even with the tunneling into the sapwood and hardwood, there is relatively little structural damage; however, the activities of the beetle can allow the development of a variety of canker-producing fungi. Significant disruption of sap flow by these fungi can seriously damage and potentially kill the tree. There is the potential for girdling of trees by Asian ambrosia beetle, leading to death. Damage will appear as small toothpick-like projections of frass (a mixture of plant fragments and excrement) that sticks out the trunk of trees. A two millimeter, perfectly round hole can be observed when the frass is removed. X. crassiusculus will frequently colonize and kill small trees of nurseries or of urban settings, although this damage is usually isolated to trees that are watered or flooded. Damaged is also usually limited to nearly dead or recently felled trees. Secondly, X. crassiusculus has been known to colonize stored lumber, and lumber mills in Florida and Georgia have reported significant losses in lumber, particularly in hardwoods, to this pest. References: Atkinson, T. H., Foltz, J. L., Wilkinson, R. C., Mizell, R. F. (2014) Common name: granulate ambrosia beetle. In Featured Creatures. Retrieved from: https://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/trees/asian_ambrosia_beetle.htm Brar, G. S., Capinera, J. L., Kendra, McLean, S., Peňa, J. E. (2013) Life Cycle, Development, and Culture of Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Florida Entomologist. 96(3), 1158- 1167. Cranshaw, W. (2004) Garden Insects of North America: The Ultimate Guide to Backyard Bugs. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Cote, K. W. (2008) Granulate Ambrosia Beetle Xylosandrus crassiusculus. Retrieved from: file:///G:/ep- GranulateAmbrosiaBeetleFactsheet.pdf Ranger, C. M., Horst, L., Barnett, J., Reding, M. E., Anderson, B., Krause, C. R. (2016) Comparative Morphology and Distribution of Antennal Sensilla on Xylosandrus germanus and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 110(2), 172-188. Reed, S. E., Juzwik, J., English, J. T., Ginzel, M. D. (2015) Colonization of Artificially Stressed Black Walnut Trees by Ambrosia Beetle, Bark Beetle, and Other Weevil Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Indiana and Missouri. Environmental Entomology 44(6), 1455-1464. Smith, S. M. & Hulcr, J. (2015) Chapter 12: Scolytus and other Economically Important Bark and Ambrosia Beetles. Bark Beetles Biology and Ecology of Native and Invasive Species. 495-531. Triplehorn, C. A., & Johnson, N. F. (2005) Borror and Delong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition. Belmont, California: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learn .
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