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A Critical Scale Study of Two Populations of Bluegill and Green Sunfish George Sprugel Jr

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A Critical Scale Study of Two Populations of Bluegill and Green Sunfish George Sprugel Jr Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1950 A critical scale study of two populations of bluegill and green sunfish George Sprugel Jr. Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agriculture Commons, Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Sprugel, George Jr., "A critical scale study of two populations of bluegill and green sunfish " (1950). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 13570. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/13570 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI A CRIfIC4L SCALE STUDf OP TWO POPtJM'flONS OF BLUEGIMi A»D GSBSSM STOPISH by G®org@ Spmgelji Jr. A Dissertation Submitted to th® G-radtiat« Paeulty in Partial Piilfillment of 5h® Requirements for the Degree of DOCfOR OP PHILOSOPBI Major S-ubjeetr leonoaic Zoology Approvedt Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. H®\d of la.J oiK^par tffltnt Signature was redacted for privacy. & • oJ 'Coi^ieg© Iowa Stat© College 1950 UMI Number: DP12258 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform DP12258 Copyright 2005 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 /( * ^ -p t..' •- TABLE OP GOITENTS Page •bwbnmIMIPMK 1 DlSGEIPflON OP THE ARMS 10 McParland's Pond, 10 Hydrographgr, 10 Watershed IS Botanical f©atu3?©s ••«•••**«•.•• 14 liimnologieal features. 14 Bottom fauna and zooplankton •.•••••• 25 Pisb. populations present • . • 25 Utilization for fiahing 26 I.ittle fall Iiake • 26 Hy#i*ograph|^ . 26 Watershsd •••• 30 Botanical features 30 Ii.iiim0logieal features. 33 Bottom fauna and zooplankton 37 Fish populations present 38 Utilization for fishing. •••.•••••• 40 METHODS OF PHOCEDURB ..... «... 42 Collection of Liianological Data .•.•••••• 42 Collaetion of Speciaena 46 Processing of Specimens . 51 T~QI i '7/ C>- ill Ag.® and Growth DeteraiU'atlons . • • 55 Freparatlon and reading of seal® sauries » • 56 Ag® d«termination •.•.••••• 57 Body-*se®-l® relationship and growth ealoulatlons «•••»*•••*•.••« 59 .I^©ngth*W@ight S©lationship • and' Coefficient of Condition* ••••••••.••• 64 MLmmhL PQPIIMTIOIS 66 McFai*laad*a Pond. 66 History and distribution 66 Validity of the seal® method .*.••••• 71 Bo%»seal0 relaiionskip, • • . • % Relationships between standard, total and fork lengths* . 83 CJrowth analysis* 87 Tim® of annulu® formation. .«*•••*.• 98 Iisngth of growing season .*•••*».*• 100 False annul!• • «•«•..•*.•*... 103 Ii©ngth»w@ight relationship and eo- ©ffici®nt of condition ,,.••.*.•• 114 S#xual eomposition and maturity ...... 120 farasites* *•••••.•.•••..*•• 127 Food eonaixi^tion •••«••»«•*•.«• 138 Littl© wall Lake* . * * . 129 History end distribution •«.•••.*.• 129 Validity of th© scale method ••.*.••• 131 Body-aeale relationship, .••*••*•«• 134 -Iv Page Rtlatlonshlp between standard and totnl lengths 138 Growth syaalysia 140 Length of growing season • 143 Pals,® annul!* 144 Iiength^TOight relationship and ©©•efficient of eondition* .«««••«• 145 S@3mal composition and maturity ...*•• 148 Parasitism and food consumption •••••• 150 aiSEi SIIIFISH POPPMTIOI 152 Littl# Wall Lakt 152 Historj and distribution. 152 Yalidit;^ of th© seal© iJiethod. *•••.•• 153 Body-seal® relationahip 155 l«lation@hip between standard and total lengths ..«••••••••••• 160 Growth analysis 163 fim© ot annulus foi*raation and length of growing isason «•..*.*»•••• 171 False annuli* 175 Length-weight relationahip'and eoeffieient of eondition, •••••••« 177 Semial eoj^osition and maturity 179 DISCUSSIOI vv STOMRy AID COMCmSIOMS . 197 IiITEMTURB CITEB S12 ICKIOU^DSEIMTS. 219 IPPEMDIX ... 221 V OP TABIiBS fable I£. imS. !•. Fittotuatlons In Water L©v«l at McParland's Pond dyrlag tlie period April# ' 1949 to Julj» 1950# Inclusiv® 12 IiiiftltB of th« fhermooline Observed In McFarland»s Pond, 1949*.19S0 15 5t Flyetuations in Water Level at Little Wall Lake during'the Period'January, 1948 through Jtan®, 1950 . • 29 4. Mmbtrs and Sizes of Fish Stocked in Little Wall Lake T&f th© Iowa Ctesenration Coiamisaion . 39 5. 'Range in Size' of Bluegills Collected froa MeFarland*s Fond in 1947 and 1948 ........ 67 6. Age Distribution•in Size Groups of Bluegills Colleeted from'McParland's'Pond, Jwie, 1949, to July, 19S0 72 7. Incidence of Fir®t«-»fear Accessory Marks on Scales of Bluegills from loParland*s Pond .... 73 8. Period of Annmlua Formation in McParland's Pond Bluegills. ...... 75 9. Average Body Lengths and Seal® Measurenients for Si:^e Groups feed in Galeulating Body- Scale Relationship of 1,019 MeFarland's Fond Bluegills. ................. 77 10# Difference in Length at Earlier Annuli of MeFarland's Fond Bluegills When Calculated on the Basis of'Linear'and Curvilinear H0gx>fi»ssion Formulas 3S 11# Factors for the Conversion'of Total (T.L.), Fork (F#L»), and Standard CS.L,) Irengths of 98S MeFarland»s Pond Bluegills. 84 12. SuHimaa^ of the Average Caleulated Standard Lengths and Length Increments for Eaih Tear of Life of the McFarland's'Pond Bluegills Collected in 1949 and 1950. 88 vi fmbl® lo. Page iiniiiilfliir- — • f iiiT tmntlmm' 3.3.« SwBiaa.j?y of Calcuiated Average Standard Lengths md Length Inor«m®nts for Eaeh Tear of Life of Male ®33d Female Bluegllls Colleeted from iieF&rland*i Pond in 1949 and 1950 92 14# tomal Increments, Percentage of Average Seasonal §rowth Completed at Capture# and Percentage of Mew tenmltas Pormation for the li47 Tear Class lluegills in MoFarland's Pond . , 94 1S» knmxBl Inerementu, Pereentage of Average Seasonal Growth CoH^leted at Capture# and Percentage of lew Annulms Fomation for the lt48 Idar Class of Blutgilla In leFarland*i Pond 96 16* Annual IncrementSji Percentage of Average Seasonal •Growth OoB^Jleted at Capture, and Pereentage of Mew knmilm. Pomation. for the' 1949 Year Class of Bluegllla in MeParland»s Pond • . 97 17, Average Calculated Lengths and Increments at fowiation' of Pals® Annisli 'on'Soales of the 1947 Tear Claas of Bluegllls in MeFarland*a Pond • • . 107 18« Average Caleulated Lengths and Increments at fomatioE of false Annul! on Scales of the 1948 Year Class Bluegllls in McFarland»s Pond . 109 19# Length»Weight Relationship of McB'arland*s Pond Bluegllls, Based on Aetual Lengths and Weights of l>01i Speeiatos Taken in 1949 and 1950, Sexes Coi&bined iO. Equations of Length-Weight Eelationships in Bluegill Populations fro® Various Localities. 118 Average Condition factor (K) ©f Males and Females in Year Glasses of lcParland»s Pond Blme^ills at the time of Capture . • 119a SS. 3«xual Composition of McFarland*a Pond Bl-uogllls Arranged According to 10-Milli»et©r Size G.roups 121 Sesmal Composition of MeFarland's Pond Bluegill Year Classes in 1949 and 1950, » , 121 24. She lumber of McFarland*s Pond Bluegllls in fgrious States of Sexual latiirity at Capture. 124 Ifii lo* Pig» tS* itjsfear of Ltttlo fall Lak# Bluegllls Col* tmrtom l©tli©4® at Tim& of eaftmr® la lt48 131 t6., kgm to-d Siis® eia®» Distribution Of Bluagilla Ooll«®t»d tmm liittl® Wall hsk® during 1948 aad after th« Wintarkill ©f 1940* 139 2*f^ la@id®n©# of first Tear 4©e®asory Marks on Scalds ©f 81ti®gills from 1.1 ttl© Wall Lake * • • 133 is# B©%-Seal@ lalationahip Cl»/S®) of 16f Littl© ••all llmegillg Arra«g@ii Aceordiag to 10- Milliaatar Sianiard Langth Itttai^ala, with 411 i®3Ki®ai lig# ©romps ioafei«®€# . • • • • • # 135 Mm Co»|sarl»©B ©f Faetors for tlaa'Con vara ion of Stm^ari ) and fotal Langtlwi ia Blu®gill» froa ll»ittl#' Wall Jua&«'and MoFarland*a foad 139 30» Sttm-ary of tli® Awrag® Caletilatad Standard i:»®n,gtfe« and I##iigth- Inorawanta for Baeh T@ar of 'hit0 of tlia littl® lall^Iiak® Bltiaglllt 0#ll®©t«d in lt4a and 1949. 140 Sl» li^Hgtli at PIrat kntmlvLS and f©roantag® of Awrag® Saasojaal. Growth 6o«|>l©t©d at Capture for tb®|047 Taar'Olasa'of Mttl© Wall iLake Blaagilla 143 31* I»#mgtli'»Walgkt laMiomship of Li ttl© Wall Lake Blaaglllf' iasad on Avaraga 4etual Langtha and Waiglit»- of lit Jiidl¥iduals fakaia in 1948. flu® Avarag# Staad&rd Laagtha are Goraputed for 10»«illi»et®r Jjstanrals with the Saxaa Combined 146 S3. Coapariaon of 4ir®rag# Goafflelents of- Gonditiofi a»d feigtits la tiie Saaa Sis# Clasaaa of Little fall .Lafe© and' ioParlaad»s-po^d Bluagills, Saacas Coabiiaad 149 34# Age Mstribmtlon in Si®e Sroupa of Green Stmfitli 0oll»ated froa Little Wall Lake in 1940 154 SS# 4wrage Body Lengths and Scale leasurementa for Sise Groups'fsad'in Calomlating the Body-So ale Heistionship'of 459 Little Wall Lake Green iimfiati •*••««»••*»••*•••••• 157 Tiii isiMSa* 01,ff@r©»e® to I^ngtha of Iiittl© ffall Lake Green Smfisli at Earlier tenuli lh©» Calciilated. on th© Baals of £ln«ar 'Sn't Cunrilinear Regression Forsaiil&« X6X 3?« Paetors for' th®'•C©B'rersion of Tot§3. {f•L,) and Standard (S.L.) hmgliha of 426 I,lttle'WaXl •I».ake Clrsen Strnfisb 162 SS» Smmm?f of the Iwrag# Galeulated Standard Length® and• I#®ngtti Ineramants for Eaeh Year' of Iilfa in- Iilttl,® Wall liak© 0'r®«n Sunflsfe, • .
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