16 T H E J O U R.N A L OUR COUNTY'S EDUCATIONAL HERITAGE The eight-square school stood f or many pupils next to it roasted while chose on che years in the old graveyard which was lo- outer edge froze. At the front was a door cited at the easternend of the town. The with a window on each side. The building building was long looked upon as a cuj-- wasset in from the roitd and surroundedby iosity and was one of the first schools trees and bushes everbuilt in this countydating to 1816. One of the first teacherswas a Mr At chat Cine che settlement was growing Raymond and his successor was G. E. and the f anders realized the necessity of Roberts. The school term was three months having a school house for the education and the subjects taught were reading, of their children. According such mc1l writing, arithmetic and a little history s George Roberts, General Burrows, Fred- This oddly shaped school was also used crick Coder,.and John Farnsworthformed for holding religious meetings as there a compact to put up the building. The were no estabJislled churches at the time. groundon which it waslocated is saidto it laterbecame the first churchin the leavebeen donated by William RockafeJlow town and both Presbyteriansand Methodists f or a buria] place and it was decided to used it for such until 1838 when the first put the schoolhouse there also. church was built. At this time a new school Through this union of forcesthe school w&sbuilt and the old eight-squaregradually house was built. Frederick Coder, a mason, fell into disuse.Seventeen years later during did the stone work and Georg Roberts at- a serge of smallpox it was again opened tendedto the wood work. The little building for a hospital ind three patients'were was an octagon or eight sided structure. On treated there. After this was discarded and the insideit was roughly plasteredmakingit the woodwork was torn away and used [o very wkarm and substantial.Around the kindle fires in ehe church that stood wall were rows of boardswhich were fasten- near-by. There it stood a windowless and ed slantingly and a long board in front made door-less ruin until 1886 when the crumb- the desk. In the center of the room was an ling walls were torn down and the stone old fashioned stove and in the winter the sold for building purposes.

THE EiaHT-SQUARE SCHOOLHOUSE (Material obtained from interview with Dr. Lose) The Little Brick School was one of the school laws, therefore, the parents who THE earliest schools,build about 1850. It was could afford to buy their children books, located on the west side of North paper, and pencils (as these were [lot sup- Loya[sockAvenue near the home of E]ias p]ied by the school board), sent them 'io Bieberand acrossthe streetfrom Gilbert's. school until they wanted to quit. The The schoolhouse was built at the rear of subjects taught were reading, writing, the Jorin front of which wasa fair sized spelling and arithmetic.The school [ern] b/ play ground. The building was one story usually lasted four months in the winder JOURNAL high and in order to enter one had [o go and hours were the same as today fi:oin up two or three stepsinto an entry which nine to twelve and one to four. A man was about four feet wide and eight feet teacher was required to teach the winter OFTHE long then into a large room where approx- school becausethe lady teacherswere not imately fif ty pupils could be accommo- capableof whippingthe childrenwith the dated. The room was heated by a huge coal long rods which they used at that tin)e stove in the center of the room and poorly' Nevertheless,the women did beacha sum- LYCOMING HISTORICALSOCIETY venEilated by few windows. The seats and mer school for those who paid for special desks were home made and very much tutoring. The salary of a teacher was carved with jack knives. At the front of betweentwenty-five and thirty-five dollars the room was a small platform where the per month which then was considereda teacher's desk was located and a long bencll good wage. Alice Rogers and Miss Buck in front of the desk where rhe pupils re- were two of the summer teachers.W'illiam VOLUME ll ported for recitation. Lewars and Tom Mt.r'tv w.".e Fwo of the WINTER At this time there were no compulsory winter teachers. NUMBER SEVEN 1963 the J O U R N AI. of the LYCOMING HISTORICAL SOCIETY

PUBLISHED BIANNUALLY IN W]LLIAMSPORT,

M:It. JAN[ES P. BRESSLEn, P]\ESIDENT DIt. I..I.O\'D E. \?VU]\ITER, BILD. VICE P13ES].DENT N,I13. RIGnA)U) L. MTX, IST. VICE PRESIDED'r Nln. XXr. Ci.X,DE Hail:Uia, TREASUl\E13 D13. I\. X4AX G]NG]UCI-I, 2ND. VICE PI\ESIDEN'r \I[{S. I-IE ] \, C. PE]\C[BAU-], SECBE'rARe PRES I DENT'S MESSAGE

DIRECTORS 1962-1964 DlliECTORS 196;3-1965 To membersof the Lycoming Historical Society N'IR. WILLIAX{ R. SIN.IS NESS jIAnG.XI{ET B. COItYEI-L MR. KENNETH D. RHONE Dj{. LEI{OY F. DEAR We enter the fall and winter seasonof 1963-64 with prospects for another fine bI[{S. J XNLESB. FIU].FbIAN N.IR. SAb.FUEL DOllNSIFE seriesof progrzLms,arranged by Dr. Max Gingrich and Richard Mix. The Williamson bill. GIBSON ANTES(AOVISOI\Y) EX-OFFICIO IV{ISS MAI\Y RIOELL ( REPOItTEI\ ) Road tour to Corning Glass Works is an interesting innovation to the traditional, ]\4l\. FI\ANK \V. Bl\UNNEI indoor meetings to come later. We hope that the change in meeting places,made necessaryby the closingof the Community Room at the library for this purpose,will EDITOR make it even more cor)venient for our members. We assume,of course, that this will be h,4l{. L. RODXIAN WUI\STEM\ our last year as nomads, ar)d that another year will find us with adequate facilities of our own. ASSISTANT EDITOR\ EILEEN T. ADAM,IS Our new architect,Frank Wagner, is preparing the working plans for the new museumin time f or presentationto the public aheadof the fund drive plannedfor Extra Copies of Tile Journal Fifty Cents Each this winter. 'D('efeel that these plans once translatedinto reality, will give our county an attractive and efficient facility for the preservation of our historical heritage.

At mis 'n'riding, however, we have been unt\ble to procure a written agreement for the placing of the building in Way's Garden despite rhe conclusionr.etched by CONTENTS the Way's GardenCommission to permit mis construction.All our planning to date is basedon the assumptionthat this will be the site, and every .effort is being made President's Message 3 to procurethis agreementin writing.While this maybe a minormatocr at this point, the societyis, nevertheless,hampered by delays in preparing for the fund drive 4 History of Montoursville becausethe site must be finalized before we can assurethe public of what they will gec for their money. 6 Other than that, aJI systemsarc "Go'' for rhe big push to procure the additional The Champion House and Nathaniel Burros 7 funds we must have. To this end we must all dedicate our efforts now---everything elsedepends on it. While we are aboutit, why not invite your friends to our indoor 7 Montoursville's Paradise for Fishermen meetings and invite them to become members. A large membership is essential if we ire to carry rhe weight and prestige necessaryto convince the public of our scacure The State Dam and Chute and Rzlfting Days in Montoursville 8 as an effective organization.Our building program really begins with the society itself, so let's begin with ourselves.The challenge is great and so are the rewards Lumbering 9 James P. Bressler The CulberrsonPath By CarltonE. Fink 10

Tile Floodof June 1, 1889 14

Our County's Educational Heritage -- from an interview with Dr. Lose i6

The Eight Square School House 16 4 TH E JO U R N A L 5 H ISTORYOF MONTOURSVILLE live) in which he lived. About 1817 the 1833 Mr. Burrows built the first brick General repurchased the land, except a few house, also a store in which when finished fdf/Of'.r No/e -- Thule arrZc;Zelo/z 7Vlofz undoubtedly large and populous, and perhaps ores reserved by More along the creek, on he commencedbusiness for himself.Wil Zo/fflvf//e a'efe wri//e# /or /UfJJ Mf/dred according [o the "untutored Indian s'' iaea which he erected another log house where liam Tomlinson kept che first public house Ke/fy w fZe l;oe wal /eacBef .zr /be of things,a largeawad. well-constructed city. Byron Nevins now lives (this house,which /ylozz/owfJfaze Hfg# ScBooZ. There was also a trading establishment lo- in rhe building lately destroyedby fire cated there which made it a town of con- has since burned down, stood opposite the (where the Lutheran Church now stands). however, it l-esidence of J. M. Hayes) and which is In 1838 the old Methodist church and ;..U:#b?: Uk&Pn';, :::'t£.::F ' .i' .::":,==,side of the still standing, which I supposeis the oldest mis church were built. the land for the buildingin the borough.As soonas suffi- f ormer was given by Nathaniel Burrows, The following article is one of five papers creek and was carried on by the Delaware cient land was cleared,Gen. Burrows and mat w.s read at a centennialm:eking held Indians. The inhabitants 'were engaged tnd Gov. Shultz gave the ground on which in i869 in the old White Churchthat stood chiefly in hunting and fishing buc also i;ad Thomas Lloyd, the father of our worthy this house stands. About this time or on East Broad Street. some knowledge of agriculture, since Conrad citizen, Charles Lloyd began to lay out lots, perhaps a year or two earlier Lloyd's flour This one was preparedand read by.our Weiser, rhe indian interpreter and agent, selling Chemat S)0. There is quite a con ing mill was built, which was burned in former [ownsman,J;mes S. Lewars,and by says he once made a journey to Otstuagy Ernst, indeed, between the price then and 1842 and under the following year was lbs kindnesswc publish it. As the centers- to assistthe Indiarls in fencing in a corn- at present. The same lots now range from rebuilt. The mill ac present is doing bust nial was held 38 yearsago, most of the field. Frownthis tilde until i808 or for two to eigl)t hundred dollars. Among the nessunder the nameof G. Bubb'& Co. first settlers were Thomas Wallis. a black people who were living here at that timc nearly 39 years,we have little or no account (now J. M. Hayes & Co.). As near as I sm;rh; Chas. Bryan, who had fought in the slave either moved away or pass:d to the at a]] of the peace. can ascertain the old borough school house other shore,very few of them being leff. In 180-8Ji)hn Else, who is one of rhe RevolutionaryWar and was at this time a was built this year. What a striking con- pensioner; Thomas Chapman, a carpenter The article on]y coversthe period from oddestinhabitants sri]] living, camehere trast between its present occupants an.:l i769 [o 1869 and the articles speak of }tnd has made it his home dearly all rhe Dan Bailey, a mason;Dan Beer, a black those of former years. Where once the smith; Fred Coder, a mason;Nathan Hever- residentsand buildings of which the present time since. In 1812 Gen. Burrows bought human intellect was fed, now quadrupeds generatiorl knows very little. the land from Perot and Lathropp, whicll ]and, a wagonmaker, who had a house and are scaldedand fed. shop near where Henry Bastian'shouse Today, as you have already been told, it most of the present town occupies together now stands (non, the residence of Dr Tile town gi'aduallyimproved. A post is one hundred yearssince this bandupon with somesti]] under cultivation, but which office was established. Solomon Brunch which we now reside was surveyed and was at than time a vast uninhabited woods Sager) Geo. Roberts, Richard Hall, Andrew was the first postmaster,when the town given to one of tile Montours by the colon- There was riot a mark of improvement, and Flat, Hollingsworth, and others. received the name Montoursville after ial government. Where I)ow stands our the woodsman'saxe had but cut a channel, The house which Thomas Wallis lived Andrew Montour, the Indian to whom this beautiful town, one hundred yearsago stood as it were, through the forest, about where in was built by John Elseand was the first land was given. The town beforethis was house here. It stood near Paulhamus' store dense forests. Where we now mingle with Fuller's Lane now is, to an old log house called "Tea Town" since the old women our friends and associates,or rake a pleasant (where tlleir farm house now stands) (where Marshall's barber shop now stands) in tile neighborhood always requested evening walk, one hundred years ago the Now N'alan's--now the airport which near the east side of First National Bank) persons going to Williamsport to bring fierce and invetertttefoe of the white Haan Gcn. Burrowsand fatnily adoptedas their John RockafeJlowgave the land for the Chema quarter more of tea. In 1844 there took up his abode.What a contrastdoes our home. We cannotconceive of the hardships grave yard, and the first inrerment was was considerablebuilding and improvement beautiful town presentat the time when the' kindvarious difficulties with which they ha.I made as early as 1811. In 1815 the eight- on every hand. In 1847-48 the paper mill first settler erectedhis rude dwelling. Wan- to contend at that early day. They imme- cornered stone school house was built. in was erected and is still used in making der back in imagination if you please,to diately beganto clear the land and our aged which I doubt not some who are present paper, giving employmentto quite I the period when the red man dwell on the citizen of that family and partaker of those have spent many happy youthful hours number of persons. We now pass on to banks of the Loyalsock, roamed in the forest, hardships has said, they toiled day and flight. Nothing of importance transpired until the formationof Montoursvilleinto a 1825 when Gen. Burrows built the State or huntedthe deerand the elk on the sides Many, manytimes choy worked their ho;ses borough, which was on the 18th day of of yondet mountain; when he built his in daytime and at night drove the oxen mill, knownat that time asBurrows' Mill February, 1850. The borough was at' this wigwam in some shady dell beneath the in their stead and clearedabout fifty acres until the Statepurchased the same.The time about a quzLrterof a mile square,and wide spreadingbranches of the mighty oak. each year,which is conclusiveevidence than present saw mill at than place is the third at prsent about [wo miles square. In It was indeed a happy scene--an Indian-L their task was an arduous one. Thus you one erected on the same site. John Else i855 the Town Hall was built and since paradise,the cherishedhome of the rude seethat this land upon which our comfor- put up the house in which he now lives that time there had been a constant and (this is the house on the southwest corner yet noble children of the forest. The Squads table hoi)les have been erected and these steady improvement. Within the past four cultivatedtheir patchesof corn andchanted extensiveand luxuriant fields were only of Broad and Montour Streets), during years two churches have been erected be- songs of rhe spirit land--and the dusky made so by days and years of hard work. mis year, and there were but two or three sides a school house containing four large warrior piled his birch bark canoeover rhe This same year, ]812, they bui]t a grain houseson the southside, and only four rooms, a large tannery having steam pou'er, crystal waves of the beautiful Loyalsock. building, which was the first shingle-roofed or five on the north side of the street at I shingle mill and two saw mills. Thus But mighty changes were destined to occur. building erected u'ithin the present limits that time. Ex-Governor Shultz also built you seethat in little morethan half il Let us now endeavor[o mark the gradual of the borough.In 1814,Gen. Burrowssold in 1825 the house occupied at present by century the trees of the forest that reared progressof the aborigines.The original town someland to JamesMore, who built the first Abe. Tube (now the Mahaffey fa;m house) their lofty heads heavenward have disap- was situated on both sides of LoyaJsock bridge across Loyalsock. He built a log ( now Eck's) peared.Log houseswere built and time Creek, near its mouth. It was ar] Indian house,about where George Bibb's house In 1830, the finn of Burrows and Tom- and circumstances have substituted in then: town, and bore the name, Otscuagy.It was now stands,(M,here the MissesFuller now linson commencedthe first store. and in stead beautiful und comfortable frame and 6 T H E J O U R:N A L 7 brick dwellings.Still later the boroughwas finally the onward march of civilization THE CHAMPION HOUSE AND NATHANIEL BURROUS formed containing at that time about 300 hurled him from his place of naviticy; The brick house on the northeast inhabitants. ]n ]86 the borough lines llurled him from his hunting grounds; was removed long ago. Those in the parlor were enlarged, with a population about banished him from his native town, corner of Broad Street and Loyalsock lre faced with smoky marble. four times 'els great as whee the borougll Otsruagy crumbled and sunk away into Avenue has stood in that spot for nearly A fine stairwayascends to the third was first organized.Let us again return dust.There is not a traceof the fonner one hundredyears, from the year 1833 floor, with proper wide landings,with for a moment to the Indian town. One glory left. The red man's sun has set. His to the presetnt year, 1932. broad low easy treads, and rails and posts in the best style of colonial art. It was llundred years ago Otsruagy flourished and body has crumbled to dust with his forest Like all the other houses. the house n'as at the zenith of her glory. This land laome. Upon his grave the white ..man designed by Master and built by a "Stair- stands flush with Broad Street facing south. builder'' especially employed for chat parr was then the honaeof the red man. His treads.Upon his hunting groundsthe "pale while the west walls are angled to conform light was exclusiveand undisputed.But face ' haserected a town. Squire Nathanial Burrous", the builder, to the line of LoyalsockAvenue. While the was the son of General John Burrous, the ANDREW MONTOUR exterior walls are brick in the greater part, founder. who with five stalwart brothers thoseto the north and eastof the kitchen When the celebratedMoravian Count were now at Fort Agusta,the building door. are of frame construction. This was was at the battle of Long Island; ci:ossed Zinzendorf, supposedly the second man which he strongly recommended,and he the Delawarewith Washingtonfor the characteristic of the early builders, as were battle of Trenton; f or a little more than a [o visit this place,came to Ots-Ten-Wak-in, was. frequently employed on Scout duty= rhe variationsin the floor and ceiling the village which stood where Moncours- Madame. Moncour, his mother, is supposed The dining room and kitchen floors drop year was personalcourier for rhe Great ville noir stands.he found MadameMon- to havebeen with him. Her deathoccurred Comm;under at Monmouth, Brandywine tour then living in the village. She had about 1753 about two inches below those of the double and Germantown:and was one of the been settl.edthere since as early as 1727. As a rewardfor his loyalty, the Peonsde- front parlors,while thereis a variationof brave patriots who winrered at Valley Forge. probably a f oot in the height of the ceilings The Montours camefrom Canadaand have cededto reservea tract of land f or Andrew Natllaniel Burrous, the youngest son, was n interesting ancestral history. Montour. In 1768.the proprietaries ordered Between the front hallway and the "but- born at Muncy, December 1, 1797. On Madame Rlontour. a French half-breed a tract of land to be called ''Montour's Re- tery'' facing the wide lawn, is an open March 13, 1824,. married Sarah Jordan, and porch; between a balcony supported by and a widow, had severalsons and dough- serve'' surveyedfor him. This reserveem was appointed justice of the peace in talc tens.The most famousof thesechildren braceda largepart of the land now lying great square columns, once standing in year 1825, by his father'sfriend, Gov. John iron-footings,now on low brick pillars, tile was Andrew Montour, interpreter and a within the borough limits of Montoursville, A. Shultz porch is adjacent [o the dining room and great friend of the whites. He was cite and a tract on the west side of the creek kitchen and measurestail-W feet in width, Squire Burrows became the owner of the eldest son. His father, Car-on-do-wada, As far as quantityand richnesswere western part of his father's farm, which wllo had been an Oreida Chief, was killed concerned, this wits a splerldid grant, buE tnd fourteen feet in depth he was largely instrumental in clearing, hav- in a battlewith the Catawbastribe in therewere no n'hiresettlers here, and The housewas originally heated by fii:e ing wish che help of a boy "Clearedup rhe spring of 1729. Andrew Monrour was not an agriculrurist places,there being six, of which those in fifty acres in a single year"; he was also An;brew Montour's cast of countenance He did not keep his land very long. After he kitchen Helddining room were large the down's first merchant, a contractor upon was decidedly European, arid had it not passing through several hands,Mary Norris affairs requiring large logs. The one in the West Branch Canal. Later he was en- been for the broad band of paine applied and Peter Zachary Lloyd finally became the kitchen remainsintact, although board- gaged in lumbering, owning a saw mil! by bears fac, encircling his face he would the owners having paid one hundred ninty ed up, but the one in che dining room and 4000 acres of limber up the LoyaJsock. easily have been taken for one. He wore three dollars and sixty cents.What Motltour a bran,t) broadclotl} coat, a scarlet damaskin got is not stated, bur he probably received Japeled waisccoat, breeches, over which his a trifle. Land in those days was noc con- shirt hung, a black cordovanneckerchief, sideredvaluable, and [o an Indiarl it was MONTOURSVILLE'S PARADISE FOR FISHERMEN decked with silver bangles, shoes and stock- worth very little. Fishernaan's Paradise, which is located To havea ride on a boat to Baltimorein ings and a hat. From his ears hung pendants At one time he was in the employ of in the old canal at Montoursville, is anl' t-hosedays was easy,buc as thrilling and of brassand other wire plantedtogether. He Sir William Jollnson, the famous English fishermen's dream. Who wouldn't like to took longer than a ride to Europeby air was very cordial but when spoken to in Indian agent,and he was heard of being catch a five pound bassor a big pike. Each plane today. French he usually answered in English. His as far as Detroit in 1761. Andrew Montour is tricky to catch,but this makesit all the Betweenthe canaland the river was a age probably did not exceed forty years, as was married twice, first to a granddaughter more excning. road, which was called a tow-path. They ll;counts lead us to believe that he was in of Al-bum-ma-pies, King of the Delawares, In the winter everyonein Montoursville used mules to tow the boats and these Ehe prime of his life at that time. by whom he had a daughter and a son. The from six to sixty goesto the canal to skate. walked on the path as they pulled the INlontour, being well acquainted with daughter,Mary Magdalendied in Montreal This is the story of the old canaltodd:, boats along Indian dialects of the Susquehannaregion, in 1818. The son, John, was living in but ]et me Cellyou of the canalin 1875, Every few miles there would b: big ccompaniedZinzendorf when he left 1789. By his secondwife, he had a son, when my grandmother lived along the canal locks built, which held the water back. Madame Montour's village to visit the Nicholas. After leaving here, Montour re- dou,n by what is now the Montoursville There was always a house by the locks Wyoming Indians, about October 10, 1742. ceived another grant in Juniata. He finally' Airport. At the time she was eight years where the lock tender lived. This was an n 17)r) Govei:nor Morris declared wat drifted to Montour's island in EheAllegheny ' old interesting place to go for he always knew on th: DelawareIndians. During all this wherehe died prior to 1775.He wasrhe The canal followed the Susquehanna the latest news. When the boats came LimeAndrew Montour remaineda steadfast noblest of the Moncours and his fidelity River from Baltimoreto Williamsport. The through the Jocks they usually shopped friend of the English. His headquarters was never questioned. canal boats hauled grain, produce, and coal. awhile and the man who attended the locks 8 T li E JO U R N A L 9 visited with all who were on the boat. her birthday on January 5th. Her birth- old dam; also the need of good boatmen; to "Alum Rock", so they had a plentiful Grandmotlaer lived at one of the locks; day and my Grandmother's are on the same such as, Samuel Weaver, John Crawford, supply of water f or che canal at all times. and when the boats came through, her day orlly eight years aparc- itnd Alec Williams. We are told that it took them from two home was a busy center for folks front I heard my GrandJnother say to her, The dam was located near the mouth [o three weeks to make a trip down che Montoursville u,ho came to visit the canal 'Remember how you came down the canal of and a great mass of liver and back. Wre can see what a great difference a railroad makes. travelers. on il cake of icd" Being curious, I asked wager was backed up, reaching up the creek The purposeof the locks was to give her what it was all about. This is the story more pressureto the water and raise it so my Grandmother told me. the boats could float better. When they The morning of her eighth birthday LUMBER I NG lifted the locks. che water would rise and Grandmother woke up and discovered shc to fall in,.and when they did it wasa rhe boats would go out. hud a baby sister. Of course she wanted In rheearly stage of Monoursville,the In those days there were many tramps, to know where she came from, for it was peop[e depended chief]y on lumbering. for question of life or dcach. At this particular time of the year the water was very cold for there were no homesfor the poor, and not every morning you could wake up and .I living. This kind of work could be done they wanderedfrom town to town. The both ;unlmer and winter, and because and the weather sometimes stormy, so colds find a baby sister at your house. of the stream located close to the moun- tnd pneumonia were a probl-em tow-path seemedto be their traveling place \ tnd they would grab rides on the boats It so happenedthere had been a thaw tains, lun)bering was proven a success. After the logs reached Montoursville, when they would get a chaLIce. and rhe ice was floating down the canal Thereforea few old peoplestill living they struck a darn which was located near Her father told her that when he u,ent They were always stopping at Grand- know something about th-:se days, but it the present railroad bridge. Here the logs out that morrling, he saw this baby floating n,ere kept till they were ready for use by mother's hous-e and asking for someclaing downtile cataalon a cakeof ice andhe Innsalnlosr passedaway from the knowledge to eat. Of ten choy would find them sleeping of the present residents of Montoursvillc the Ripton and State Mills, once located in the hay rDowin the barn. She said her went out and brought her in. Off to school These old people are che ones who have near this place. After unloading at Mon- father would almost have to point a gun went my Grandmother telling everyone, llelped to make it a successand are a very toursville, the men usually rode back to .t them to get rid of the vagrants. fuse got a baby sister; she came down th: good source of such particular information Barbours on a wagon. This was a very slow During the winter months, the canals canal on a cake of ice this morning. Lumbering, which started when the town process because the roads were in bad con- would freeze over and of coursethe boats So you see although my Grandmother was v-ery small, soon becamean industry dition. When tlaese in,en reached Barbours could not travel, buc what fun they had is eighty-oneyears old, and the canal is d n,Richwill not be forgottenfor a long they repeated this work ovef again skating up and down the canal. thing of the past, she will always remember time. The lumber cutting was done chiefly Occasionally, u-lien the water was freezing, To me a canal has always been a place it fot more than lust a place for boats up around Barbours and Hillsgrove. These the logs would jam against the abutments for boats amd that is about all. buc last [o run. After all she did get her baby places, of course, contained canneries and of th-e railroad bridge, and it would be year my aunt caine to our house to celebrate sister mere. shall sawmills. The mw lumber was usually necessary to use dynamite to break the jam cut in the fall and winter. In the winter As the market for lumber was not good the logs were skidded down off the moun- at this time. the men who did this hard tains to the banks of the creek where they labor receivedshall wages.The dressof THE STATE DAM CHUTE AND RAFTING were ranked up so they could be sent down the men was praccicaJly the same in all DAYS I N MONTOURSVILLE to the mills which were located at Mon- seasons, as they wore a wool outfit both toursville. There were many men working summer and winter. The reason for this Rafting and boating was one of Mon- The lumber was men bought by these mills curling don'n and barking the trees because heavy clothing in the summer was that it toursville's leading industries at one dine. and was shippedto manufacturersat it was necessary to get a mass of logs to absorbed the sweat The lumber was loadedon rafts up along Harrisburg and other southern cities. send down when the creek was high The chief summerwork was to cut the the Loyalsock Creek; and in che early Now we know the way in which lumber When these logs were piled up along bark off rhe treesand load it upon wagons spring when the water was high, it was was brought into Moncoursville,but wc che creek in ranks, they were so constructed ready to be taken to the railroad station ac floated down the creek. want to know, also, how it was gotten to that whet) a person would pull a certain log Montoursville, where it was shipped. This These rafts took careful handling and southern markets. To do this we must go known as tl)e key, the rest of the logs in bark was cut into pieces so chat it could had to be specially built so as to withstand back ar)d learn rhe purpose of the ''State that rank would fall into the creek.This be easily loaded. the voyage.They were usually constructed Dam ' was done to the many logs which were The bark was loaded on the w'axons of stout planks, laid crosswise,one upon The State Dam was the headwatersof the piled up along the banks,and so trade it rightly making the load very heavy.This the other arid [)e]d in place by stout wooden old canal, which was used f or transporting necessaryfor them to send men along dowd weight made ic necessaryto get mules to pins, called grubs. Tl;e bottom of the farc lumber and other products to markers. with the logs [o prevent jams. Tl]e logs, pull the wagons. It was necessary for them was about two feet thick and had a large This takes us over into the old "Boating however. could not be sent down till the ice to have two or three tenths, usually two. car in front and rear for steering. Each Days", as they are spoken of today. The had all floated out and the creek was high. One team would start at Barboursand the raff carried from three to five men. de- canal was built by the state, to facilitate When these logs were sent down, small other at Montoursville, the latter having pendingupon the size of the raft and transportation;so we see why th-edam is raf ts with inconvenient houses built on hides while the former hauled bark. The swiftness of the water. I)amid the "Scare Dam". There were no them were also sent. These houses contained hides were taken up to the tannery at The rafts would float down the creek railroads in those days, and all goods were men who had to keep guard on the logs Hillsgrove. These wagons would usually with their load and would be snubbedto transported over the canal. Thus we see so they would not stop and Jam. Being d meet at Little Bear Creek, and ones going postsand treesat the mills along the creek. the great needfor the canaland for the very mean job it was easy for the workers up would change wagons with Chose com- 10 T H E JO U R N A L 11 ing don'n; thus the trip was made handie.' [o the heavy losses the HIllIs stopped gap striking the fever at the lower end his great expedition to Tioga and North and shorter. operation.The Ripton mill was the last to of the bottom thence crossing the river at Branch says: "Our rendevous was Fort There were at one time many saw mills operate, and closed around 1910 rhe head of Canfields Island, striking the Muncy on the West Branch, interlding to running at Montoursville, but due to com The inouncainsfrom which this lumber side of the plateau foaming the eastern penetrate by the Shesecununk path co Tioga petition and the price of lumber thel- was cut have grown fu]] of brush and SHZLJ] border of the basin of Bonsel's Run (non, at the junction of the Cayugs.++*on the gradually began closing Tu'o very bad trees known as slashing.These tend co called Millet's Run), thence up the basin morningof September21, at 4 o'clock,we floods bet%een1880 and 1900 wiped out give the mountainsa less beautiful effect of that stream through the gap by way marched from Muncy with 12 days pro- rhe lumber and a loc of the mills. Due Elian their former foliage of Blooming Valley, and down Mill Creek, visions. In our route we met with great where it intersected with the main path rains and prodigious swamps. #** W( at the aboriginal setclemenc called Eeltown, made by wading or swimming Lycoming THE CULBERTSONPATH being about five miles above the mouth river upward of twenty times, etc.+*#' WHERE IT CROSSED THE RIVER a sense of admiration of .This path is mentioned It will be observed that many of the fully as to arouse in history as the SheshequinPath, and was oldest land grants were locatedalong this lor th--sewort(s of primeval etagineering. A local Historical Sketchof more than familiarJy called tile Chickeny Path by Ehe old highway when the settlers began [o ordinary interest and value to Residents WHERE IT STARTED early settlers. come in, and n,e can easily recognizethe of this section of Lycoming County. Tile portion of this great trail, so old THRILLING HISTORICAL INCIDENTS names of those who had taken up lands that its names has been lost in antiquity, b and lived along rhe trail far down the THE OLD MILL which affords us the subject for especial [n order to strengthen the c]aim that river, who removed to this valley after And how people traveled to reach it. study,scarred in at the foot of White Deer Ellis really was an ancient aboriginal high- the New Purchaseand settledalong the White Captivesand how they were carried valley, where it can readily be identified way, and was used by the pioneers of the trail with which they were so familiar white races long before the days of public Colorlel Hartley, who owned a tract of land up Lycoming Creek more than 200 years a few rods below John Charles Smith's roads.a few historicalincidents will be ago. dwelling, on the public road leading from in Buffalo Valley,secured the whole of Wiliiamsport to Elimsport, where it crosses related which leavea direct bearing up in Mosquito Valley in which the path almost An aboriginaltrail is locatedalong the in a northerly direction and leads to the the subject: On page 195 of I.fm/z'i ,4/z a/I formed the line in the lower portion of from the South summit of White Deer ridge; here ic passes ajf B/rjFJraZorrl//ey, in the narrative of Cap- the valley. When Andrew Culbertson came country and almost parallel with it in a througll a gap in a singular rocky spine tain James Thompson, who was taken up the rival' in 1774 he settled neat the line lust west of the bluffs that skirt its prisoner with a girl named Mary Young, shore. until the mouth of White Deer that extends along the narrow mountain path at the river, his former home had by the Indians in March, 1781. In Buf- been along its course below Milton. Marcus Creek is reached. whcin the course bears crest, thence down through the shallow basin known as "Heiseleys" improvement falo Valley,we readthat they crossedtile Hu[ing, who a]so owned land and had a up Spring Creek to the northwest across within a mile of the large spring than White Deer mountains,north of the valley, saw mill near the path in White Deer the valley,and over White Deer Moun- forms the sourceof Hagerman'sRun; nd camped the second night on Lycoming township, settled along the line in Mo- tain into the lower end of Mosquito thenceacross the low divide upon the Creek, ***before we got to Towanda one squito Valley. Many other instancesmight Valley, thence down Mosquito Creek to ics of the Indians shot a turkey, took out the be cited but these will suffice with the river which was crossed summit of Mosquito Valley mountain, and dowll into che rocky gorge to the outside entrails.and roastedthem on a stick and a little abovethat point,where the trail of the BaldEagle range, where the path gave them to us. It was delicious, as we POPULARITY OF THE PATH continues up I.ycotning Creek to the left the streamat a point near the present hadbut a few grainsof corn a day [o In order to get an idea of the popularity Northern watershed,where it branchesoff ear. Of the girl he says; ''Her hardships of the path for travel a few incidentsmay in different directions. brick school house in the notch, following juice closely the present Chicken street, were fearful. Often her clotheswere frozen be given. William King, an old pioneer, This ancient line of gravel was adopted DuBoistown,[o the river. It might be ad- solid after wading creeks,etc.'' On Page lind settledat Jaysburg,and before the in the location of the public roadsin use ded tl)at the main trail led acrossthe rivet 589, Volume 6, Pe zil,ZP.zwf,z,4fcbfvei, we dvent of mail routes in this region, he tt the present day, to ;l great excenc, and at the lower end of Goose Island, where read that on the loch day of June, 1778, as went by this path to Northumberland Post thus appears to be obliterated; but by the ferry afterwards located by the Jaysburg I wagon with six men, two women and Office. Upon his returning he would taking the remenantthat survives,together settlers; thence along the edge of the great eight children on the way to Lycoming walk very fast to avoid spendingthe Creek. when within three fourths of a mile with the known direction) of the original valley plateau chat forms the western borden night in the wilderness.In doing so trail. the most casual observer becomes of the Lycoming Creek basin, probably Ofi of their destination, lust before sundown he becameoverheated and when he impressedby the evident familarity with the exact location of Arch Street. to the about twenty Indians fired upon them from attempted to cross Mosquito Run upon a the geographyand topographyof the whole point of the hill in Newberry dear Ober- tnbush,ki]]ing at leastsix persons,a few fallen tree, at a point below Cramer'sRun country the aboriginies must have possess- tell's tavern,thence skirting the f oot of escaped,and the rest were hurried on to of today, the water had splashedupon the ed, in order to locatetheir paths so as the bluff to the terracebeyond, now Canadawhere they were sold or held until log and frozen a crust upon which he slip to compass directness of course, sheltered Dewey Avenue, whence it extended along peace was declared, when some of them ped into the stream wetting himself to spots for camping, refreshing springs of the brow,winding its way into the far returned and their account clearly shows the hips. He hurried home and went to water, the habitual resort of game, and north. that the great path up Lycoming Creek bed, but in the morning found that he points affording extended views of the sur- From a point this trail in the lower v/as the route by which they travelled was paralyzed in his towel' extremeties, from rounding country; while they avoided the end of White Deer valley a path branches On page 5, Vo1. 7, selz iy/pr//}fa ,4fc;#- which he never recovered. He died nine immense swamps, inpenetrable thickets, off what led along the western border of ,e.r, Colonel Hartley, in his address to years later, on October 22, 1802 laborous and difficult footing so success- Black Hole Valley througln the Loyalsock Congress, October 8, 1778, in describing In the olden days, before the canal, stage 12 T H E JO U R N A L 13

coaches,steam cars, boats were known in In packing grain or other substance extremely tiresome, but the wolves uni Valley Mountain the charmingvalley lay' the region,the watermanwould run then cross the mountains, it was necessary [o along over ic easily, so that they had tt one's feet, drawing into rhe narrow ' afts ,of timber or lumber, or arks loaded have a harness mitde for the especial pur- everyadvantage of him, but by dint of canyon with its rocky pinnacles and with producefrom the hettdwatersof tile pose of holding tile burden securely upon yelling and thrashing the brush with a gigantic trees, through which one saw rhe river [o the markets below. but instead t-hebeast, arid in someplaces the pam was club as he ran for his life, he held them beautiful river beyond and then the valley of riding back as they do today, thee; so steep that it would have slipped over off at bay until he finally escaped of Lycoming Creek, with its symmetrical would "hoof '' it every step of the way, the head,while upon the return trip the Mrs. John Durllap had a favorite pony hills and serpentinestream, and on the sometimes covering sixty miles in a single danger would have been in rhe opposite which shc fiequenrly rode over the path lof tl ' spurs of the Alleghenies, all of which day. They would naturally select the nearest direction. It was always a long, tedious, as she journeyed [o and from her home in afforded a picture defying our efforcs to- route and this oJd path was a near cut tiresome, dangerous journey tllrough the Jaysburg and the home of friends down ward a fitting descriptive. The natural across the country. wilderness of great timber so dense as riva F r scenery has perhaps become more beautiful, It is said that when Derrick Updegraff to shut out sunlight,and as night ap- During the early days of the Lycoming though [ess beautifu[ today account of loss came up from York to settle on Long proachedwe can imagine with what eager- Presbyterian Church in Newberry, and the on sonIC of the wilderness, the clearing Reach in 1789. his cattle were driven over ness the eye would scan every opening Presbyterian Church in White Deer Valley, away of rhe monstrous f orests that clothed the path and it is probable that many in the forestfor a friendly light in a cabin the preacher would meet his appointments both hill and dale. and non we see those other settlers sent their stock up in he window miles away down the mountain in service of both churches by journeying lovely shades of vegetation, peculiar to an same manner, while they brought then side. and when plodding along the tortuous over tills path. In fact for many years be- agricultural region, interpersed with the families in canoesor keep boarson the path one would shrink from every thicker fol'e Williamsport began [o be of any con- rich foliage of the occasional groves, that I'aver. of laurel and undergrowth,lest they might sequence by rhe building of turnpikes and go to make up the perfection of rural ORIGIN OFTHENAME be pounced upoll by hordes of hungr) state roads, this path was the popular high- landscape. The old path is yet accessible, When Andrew Culbertsonbuilt his wolves or stealthy wild cats who made n,ay betweerl the valley west of Lycoming though somewhat obstructed by tree tops gristmill at the mouthof MosquitoRun, the night hideous with hou'ling. and Creek and the country below Muncy Lnd scrub bushe interlocked across it, but he well knew than the inhabitants of screaming The first public road in the West Brancll little determinationopens up the old White Deer Valley had no meansof getting When we recall the habitualuse of Valley in this vicinity, of which there is way and we easily follow the footstepsleft their grain ground, so he joined them in whiskey in Chose days, it only requires record, was reported on by viewers in by human travelers from the time mem- brushingout the old Indian trail, in rough bur a short stretch of the imagination to October. 1772. to be loca:ted. b::tween orial. It stems strange indeed, that tourists places and widening it, oi- otherwise adapt- picture the customerawaiting the grinding Sunbury and Lycoming Creek should go so far from home for invigor- ing it for the use of pack horses, so tlaat of the grist, and meanwhile strengthening Lieutenant Colonel Hlenry Antes, wish ating ex:rose and soul-refreshing scenery, the enterprise established the name "Cul- his nerve with numerous pocations of the others, was appointed at the August sessio;a when a very little trouble would restore bertson Path," or the Dug Path as it is spiritual comaort that flowed from "the of 1775,to view, and if they saw causeto this old route of travel so rich in historical various[y known. The new ]ir)e varied but worm that diem noc", until in many cases lay out a bridle road from rhe mouth of memories and intristic merit to charm us little from the old trail. until after it went the heavily burdenedbeast would lead his Bald Eagle Creek (Lock Haven) to the with its beauty and refresh us wish ics from tile old narrows north of Mosquito masherhome, instead of the contrary, as town of Sudbury. The path doubtless grew cxllilerating pleasure. Valley, where it lead out by the eastern we would like to believe hu( during the absence of the settlers edgeof the great river plateau,.while the after the "big run away" in 1778, for The above article by Mcminn was taken Indian trail was along the west side of ADVENTURES WITH WILD ANIMALS Philip Tame tells us that he traveledbl ' from a newspaper dated 1888. It was writ- the scream.The line aroundthe point of keel boat in 1791,when he went up Pine t:n by a man by the name of Mcminn the mounra;n was grubbed out and graded, The wolves were }i terror in Mosquito Creek to settle, rlaerebeing no roads or a short section of which. between the school Valley at this time and the travelers over other men)od of conveyance blouse in the notch and ''Culbertson's this path in winter, or after night fall, Spring", about a quarter of a mile distant, were a]ways in danger of their life. "Old A MAGNIFICENT SCENE STYLE FORESIGHT is preservedfor occasionaluse to the present Hunter John Holing" was once creedby To lovers of the picturesque, and they From rhe IP'ff/£ 7niPof/ S zz/fray Eve /f g day ( 1888). "Culbertson's Path" had been u,Dives upon the mountain top, and was were not lacking in those days,many of the Rez,fea.November 11, 1893 repaired. It was referred to in several compelled to remain exposed [o extreme hardships of the mountain road were soft- names, to present it to our senses in its cold until daylight, when his pursurers de- ened by che enchanting view afforded from And now for the first time in twelve parted. They snapped .tnd snarled below real character,and to recite its true history' various points on both ridges. The pan- years, tooth-pick shoes are again in style: would require an inspiration born of the him all night, because he would not come orama of White Deer Valley extending lo ILS well as long coach. Pointed shoes, the occasionof its usefulnessnearly 200 yeats down and be eaten the Muncy Hills, which form the distant lgo (1688). How can n,e, living in the Chai'les King was once coming up the horizon,and far away to the right last cline they were worn, were fore-runners midst of comfortsand luxuries of this river and was overtaken by nightfall upon the valley closing in near the site of tight trousers. It is about time the latter wonderful age ( 1888) , work ourselves back the mountain,.when the wolvesgot upon of Watsontown,short stretchesof the should again become th: fashion. They are even in imagination [o tile pioneer suffer- [iis track and ran him a]] the way from winding river a little nearer.then in the bound to come, and if such is the case, let ing and hardship when daily lives were Pierson'scabin in Mosquito valley, where foregroiind lay the magnificent basin us have them as soon as possible. They are one continuous mund of such discomforts a dog ran out lnd parlayed chem until he spread out in all its beauty, challenging the is the present generation cannot under- got away.The crust on the snowwould world to produce its equal. Upon looking riot any more unbecoming to men than the stand? not bear his weight so that walking was northward from the summit of Mosquito bustle was to the women. 14 THE JO U R N A L 15

THEFLOOD OF JUNE 1, 1889 The Court House and the Jail gowers Cracker bakery gave away many barrels of were filled with people. O. L. Nichols and crackersand other provisions.Many llearby Even to those who may have lived and wets finally rescued by a man named AI Wood of the court house office rescued farmers loaded wagons with food and throughit, the great flood which struck Calvert. Seven minutes later that poi:tian a drunken man from drowning in the build- brought it to the city for free distribution. Williamsport June 1, 1889,is a dim mem- of tile bridge to which he clung went down. ing. One man stayed in a street car opposite Again, the worse side of human nature ory. But its proportions were so tremendous The Beaver Saw hliJI started floating the Park Hotel on West Fourth Streepuntil came into the picture when [wo men went and its damage,in human lives and property away at 3:30 p. m., passing down che i:ivor so extensivetrac it can never be set aside the water reached his neck. Shouting loudly' through rhe countryside asking for f ood for is majesticallyas a ship at sea.When the for help, a boat put out from the hotel and the hungry, and then bringing it to the when the major events in this city are mill struck the bridge at Chestnut Street, rescued him. Market clerk Morgan saved city, they sold it at exorbitant prices con)piled which had been weighted down with cars a man from drowning in a seweron Market All means of transportation and commu- This great inundation,spoken of as the of coal, most of the cars and two spans Street. Charles Shollenberger and Guy May nication had been cut off. All telegraph June Flood, occurred after almost three of the bridge went down. The Nortiiern rescuedmany families by using a raft. The nd telephone lines were down. All railroad weeks of heavy rains and cloudbursts had Central Railsoad Bridge fell when struck Golden Gate Steamersaved many people roadbed was washed away and bridges gone hit the state in May. The river startedo by several houses from along the river front carryingthem At first messages hadtobe sent by courier rise Friday afternoon,May 3] The Joss of human lives, especia]]y those to the Mccormickblock at the collier Local officials formed relief and health Predicting a 25 foot flood, the lrf/Z£a7/zi- of cllildren, was great. One of the saddest of Fourth and William Streets. coitlmittees at once. The people of Troy p07/ Szfw .27zdB ef trac evening was eight events following the flood was the burial Sunday morning a house floated doan feet from the truth. The river crestedat 33 Pennsylvania, loaded wagons with 5000 services held for the John W. Youngman, tile river carrying a womanand twin babies pounds of provisions and with twelve men ft. I inch, at 8:30 p. m. June 1st,extending Jr. family from Antes Fort. After the ser- lust born to her. At South Williamsport in charge they left for mis city. They made from the mountainto a point ol] the city vices were held at the David Mahaffie home Calvert, who later received an engraved Canton the first night. They had to travel side halfway between Benncct and Ross in Newberry, eighteen paJlbearers,four watch for his mar)y daring feats in rescue rhrougli Hillsgrove in Sullivan County, ac Streets. The city was completely under hearses, and a spring wttgon were needed work. saved the mother and her babes. times crossingnew plowed fields and cut- water except Newtown and Higll Street to convey their bodies to Wildwood Another baby was savedwhen a Milton ting roads through the woods. Help came I'he swollenwater took with it the city Cemetery. i-evident,Lloyd Warner, standing on the from as far away as Grand Forks, Norrli bridges. The river bridges at Market and Buc miraculous escapes took place also. and Erie bridge, saw the child Dakota, whose citizens sent a car of flour Maynard Streets and all street and food Seventeen-year-oldReuben Ross was swept floating down the river in a crib. He quick When stealing and looting began in the bridges acrossthe canal went down. Tile along Lycoming Creek for over a mile ly removed some clothing and swam ouc city, Mayor Foresmanordered 100 extra Philadelphia field Erie (later PRR) bridge lnd avoided death by diving under the into che swollen waters and brought the policemen on duty. People were advised [o at che foot of ChestnutStreet and the Northern Central Bridge. Tbe house of child to shore. shoot anyone they caught stealing front Northern Central Bridge, a wooden cov- CharlesLivingston was upset and floated The eyesof the town peoplemet with their homes or property and they were ered structure lust north of Newberry, also down the creek with the owner and his great devastation when the water subsided assured that no jury would find them gave way to rhe rising water. Eleven brid- wife inside. They managed to get into Dead animals. filth. and debris were strewn guilty, that they would be set free ges and wrestleson the latter road between I tree froth which they were later rescued bout the city. Nineteen horseshad drowned Many families were left homeless and Williamsport and Ralston were swept The couplesten year-old son floated about in the Old Mansion House stables. Parts with no possessions other than those which away. [l mile on the creek,then he too. climbed of the city were uninhabitable due to they wore. Tents in Brandon Park became The southern span of the Market Street into a tree and stayed there until he was sanitary conditions, ruin aside. The fear of the blew homes of many. Some people took Bridge was the first to go. Before it was rescued nineteen hours later. a typhus epidemic was great up residencein railroadbox carsin the destroyed, however, a youngster named About 1000persons spent rhe night Along the river front where the houses yard west of Pine Street. on the hill back of Old Oak Park and in Gilson was swept down the river from the were of one and two story wooden con- ]n addition to personal loss, the main Maynard Street Bridge and lodged on the Brandon Park. A child was born to a struction the damagehad been the greatest industry of the city was struck a blow from Mai-ket Street structure. A citizen named refugee in an open field on top of Wood- The houses on Mill Street were either which it never really recovered. The saw Harry Coder ran out on tile bridge and ward Hill. There was no bed for the mother washed away or twisted out of shape and mills along the river from Arch Streepin carried the boy [o safely. but the earth and no doctor to assist. moved from their f oundation. East Jeffer- Newberry to the dry's eastern limits were The fear of fire addedto the horror of The Maynard Street Bridge was the next son Strcerwas badly wrecked.Adding to either destroyed or badly damaged. Some to be takenby the walters.As the river tile flood. But three fires srarced by lime the danger of cleaningup the ruins were 400 million feet of logs and sawedlumber rose the son of Michael Weaker was swept were pur out with slight damage hundreds of copperhead snakes than had went darn the river, a Jossof $10 million. from the bridge and spent the afternoon Many persons became heroes from their been washed into the debris. Six of these Of this the Wi]]ialnsportBoom lost ].5 in a tree. A DuBoistownman. Lewis G. rescue work Chat tragic day. Doc Turley were found at one spot. million feet and the mills lost 100 million Gundrum, rescued tn'o inert from the struc and Charlie Davis rescued twenty persons Once again citizens came to each other's feet of logs and sawed lumber valued at cure when the water was almost over the from Lycoming Creek. Tom Calvert and lid. Clinefelters and Bisery bakery used up $5 Million. Our merchantslost $1.5 million floor. af ter several ineffectual attempts had Joe Fowler, with one boat, saved 160 a great stock of flour making bread. Thee' in merchandise and fixtures bee11 made by the boom steamer. When persons by taking them from the second chargedfive centsa loaf and Chosethat did Great had been the devastationof the this bl-idle was swept away there was fl story windows of homes on .Jefferson and not have money they gave a loaf free. Al- June Flood and citizenswere faced with man standing on it. Af ter clambering onto Academy Streets.Every boat ar)d boatman though generosity like this occurred some the almost insurmountable task of rebuild- a roof floating in the river, he floated to worked through the day taking marooned 8orocers charged twenty five cents a loaf and ing the cite'. Their courage and spirit what was left of the Market Street Bridge persons to places of safety five dollars for a sack of flour. Briggs proved equal to the task 16 T H E J O U R.N A L OUR COUNTY'S EDUCATIONAL HERITAGE The eight-square school stood for many pupils next to it roastedwhile those on tile years in the old graveyard which was lo- outer edge froze. At the front was a doom cated at the eastern end of the town. The with a windowon eachside. The building bui[ding was Jong ]ookedupon as a cul'- was set in from the road and surrounded by iosity and was elle of the first schools trees and bushes. ever built in this county dating to 1816 One of the first teacherswas a Mr At that clinethe settlementwas growing Raymond and his successorwas G. E. and the farmers realized the necessityof Roberts. The school term was three months having a school house for the education and the subjects taught were reading, of their children. According such men u,riding, arithmetic and a little history. is George Roberts, General Burrows, Fred- This oddly shaped school was also used erick Coder,. and John Farnsworth formed for holding religious meetings as there a compztcrto put up the building.The wereno establishedchurches at the time. ground on which it was located is said to It later becamethe first churchin the have been donated by William RockafeJlow town and both Presbyterians and Methodists for a burial place and it was decided ta used it for such until 183.8 wheel the first puc rhe schoolhouse there also churchwas built. At this time a nen, school Through this union of forces the school was built and che old eight-square gradually house was built. Frederick Coder,. a mason, fell into disuse. Seventeenyears later during did the stone work and Georg Roberts at- a seine of smallpox it was again opened tended to the wood work. The little building for a hospital and three patients were was an octagon or eight sided structure. On treated there. After this was di.scardedand the inside it was roughly plastered making it rhe woodwork was torn away and used [o very wkarm and substantial.Around the kindle fires in ahe church that shoo(I wall were rows of boardswhich were fasten- near-by. There it stood a windowless and ed slantingly and.a long board in front made door-less ruin until 1886 when the crumb- the desk.In the centerof the room was an ling walls were torn down and rhe stone old fashionedstove and in the winter the sold for building purposes.

THE CiCHT-SQUAKE SCHOOLHOUSE (Material obtained from interview with Dr. Lose) The Little Brick School was one of Ehe school Jaws, therefore, the parents who earliest schools, built about 1850. It was could aff ord to buy their children books, located on the west side of North paper, and pencils (as these were not sup- LoyalsockAvenue near the home of Elias plied by the school board), sent them [o Bieberand acrossthe streetfrom Gilbert's. school until they wanted to quit. The The schoolhouse was built at the rear of subjects Caught were reading, writing, the lor in front of which was a fair sized spelling and arithmetic. The school [ernl play ground. The building was one story usually lasted four months in the winter high and in order to enter one had to go and hours were the same as today from up two or tllree stepsinto an entry which nine to twelve and one to f our. A man was about four feet wide and eight feet teacherwas requii:edto teach rhe winter long then into a large room where approx- school because the lady teachers were not imately fif ty pupils could be accommo- capableof whippingthe childrenwith the dated. The room was heated by a huge coal long mds which they used at that tinge shovein the centerof the room and poorly Nevertheless,the womendid teacha sum- verltilaredby few windows.The seatsand mer schoolfor thosewho paid for special desks were home made and very much tutoring. The salary of a teacher was carved with jack knives. At the front of between twenty-five and thirty-five dollars the room was a small platform where the per month which then was considereda teacher'sdesk was located and a long bencll good wage. Alice Rogers and Miss Buck in front of the desk where the pupils re- were [wo of the summer teachers.William ported for recitation. Lewars and Tom Mi'r'tv w".e rwo of the At this tilde there were no compulsory winter teachers