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A Baseline Survey of Sub-National Government: Towards a Better Understanding of Decentralisation and Deconcentration in Cambodia

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CDRI - Cambodia’s leading independent development policy research institute A Baseline Survey of Sub-national Government: Towards a Better Understanding of Decentralisation and Deconcentration in Cambodia CHHEAT Sreang, LUN Pide, KIM Sedara, HENG Seiha, SOK Sethea and CHHOUN Nareth Special Report 12 December 2011 A CDRI Publication A Baseline Survey of Sub-national Government: Towards a Better Understanding of Decentralisation and Deconcentration in Cambodia Special Report 12 CHHEAT Sreang, LUN Pide, KIM Sedara, HENG Seiha, SOK Sethea and CHHOUN Nareth CDRI Cambodia’s leading independent development policy research institute Phnom Penh, December 2011 Special Report 12 i © 2011 CDRI - Cambodia’s leading independent development policy research institute All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the written permission of CDRI. ISBN-10: 978-99950–52–59-1 A Baseline Survey of Sub-national Government: Towards a Better Understanding of Decentralisation and Deconcentration in Cambodia Special Report 12 CHHEAT Sreang, LUN Pide, KIM Sedara, HENG Seiha, SOK Sethea and CHHOUN Nareth Responsibility for ideas, facts and opinions presented in this research paper rests solely with the authors. Their opinions and interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of CDRI. CDRI 56, Street 315, Tuol Kork PO Box 622, Phnom Penh, Cambodia ℡ (+855-23) 881-384/881-701/881-916/883-603 (+855-23) 880-734 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.cdri.org.kh Layout and cover design: ENG Socheath and OUM Chantha Printed and bound in Cambodia by T & S Printing, Phnom Penh ii A Baseline Survey of Sub-national Government TABLE OF CONTENTS Lists of Figures and Tables ....................................................................................................... v Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1. Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Overview of Decentralisation and Deconcentration ...........................................1 1.2. Rationale of the Study......................................................................................... 3 1.3. Objectives of the Survey .....................................................................................4 Chapter 2. Methodology .........................................................................................................5 2.1. Sampling Design .................................................................................................5 2.2. Sample Size and Sampling Weights ................................................................... 6 2.3. Questionnaire Design and Pre-Test .....................................................................7 2.4. Training and Field Data Collection .....................................................................7 2.5. Data Entry and Analysis ..................................................................................... 8 Chapter 3. Baseline Study Findings ...................................................................................... 9 3.1. Demographic Characteristics ..............................................................................9 Gender ................................................................................................................. 9 Age .................................................................................................................... 10 Marital Status ....................................................................................................10 Political Affiliation ............................................................................................11 Positions ............................................................................................................ 11 Education .......................................................................................................... 11 3.2. Accountability ..................................................................................................13 Commune and District Accountability ............................................................. 13 Consultation ...................................................................................................... 17 3.3. Unified Administration ..................................................................................... 20 District Council Capacity and Authority .......................................................... 20 Relationship Change and Technical Offices ..................................................... 21 3.4. Fiscal Assignments ........................................................................................... 24 3.5. Service Delivery and Division of Labour .........................................................27 3.6. Gender ..............................................................................................................29 3.7. Strategic Learning and Vision ...........................................................................32 Chapter 4. Summary of the Findings .................................................................................. 35 Special Report 12 iii References ............................................................................................................................... 37 Annexes ................................................................................................................................... 40 Annex 1: Sample Size and Sampling Weights Calculations .....................................40 Annex 2: Questionnaire for Commune/Sangkat Councillors ................................... 43 Annex 3: Questionnaire for District/Khan/Krong Councillors/ Boards of Governors .................................................................................52 Annex 4: List of Survey Target Provinces, Districts and Communes ...................... 61 CDRI Working Paper Series ................................................................................................... 69 iv A Baseline Survey of Sub-national Government LISTS OF FIGURES AND TABLES List of Figures Figure 1: Respondents’ Education ...................................................................................................... 12 Figure 2: Respondents’ Years of Education ........................................................................................ 13 Figure 3: Commune and District Councillors’ Perception of Who Their “Boss” is ........................... 14 Figure 4: Response to Conflicting Development Demands from Local People and Higher Authorities ............................................................................................................... 15 Figure 5: Response to the Statement that Commune is Subordinate to District .................................15 Figure 6: Views of Who the District Boards of Governors Report to .................................................16 Figure 7: Views of Who the District Council Reports to ....................................................................17 Figure 8: View on Whether Commune Is Regularly Informed about District Council Meetings or Consultations (%) ................................................................................................................ 19 Figure 9: Views on How Communes Can Influence District Decisions .............................................19 Figure 10: Views on District/Provincial Councillors’ Re-election if they Perform Poorly .................. 20 Figure 11: Views of Relations between District Council and District Technical Offices since May 2009 ..................................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 12: Commune Perception of District Technical Offices’ Activities ..........................................22 Figure 13: District Perception of District Technical Offices’ Activities ............................................... 23 Figure 14: How Respondents Interact with Technical Offices ............................................................. 23 Figure 15: Views of Whom the District Offices are Accountable to..................................................... 24 Figure 16: Views on District Authority’ Role in Tax Collection........................................................... 25 Figure 17: Views on Whether District Authority has Helped Commune on Financial Issues ..............26 Figure 18: Type of Support Received by Commune, According to Respondents Who Said District is Helpful with Financial Issues .............................................................26 Figure 19: Views on Whether Commune and District Councils have Financial Power Stipulated in Law ................................................................................................................. 27 Figure 20: Views on Whether Division of Service Delivery Roles between Commune and District is Clear ............................................................................................................
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