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Political Party Funding: Controversies and Reform Since 1997
BRIEFING PAPER Number 07152, 24 March 2016 Political party funding: By Elise Uberoi controversies and reform since 1997 Inside: 1. Introduction 2. Why is party funding contentious? 3. The situation before 1997 4. Party funding: 1997-2010 5. Party funding: 2010-2015 6. Party funding in the 2015 Parliament 7. What next for party funding reform? www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary Number 07152, 24 March 2016 2 Contents Summary 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Why is party funding contentious? 6 2.1 The need for party funding 6 2.2 Public funding 6 2.3 Private funding 6 2.4 Party funding statistics 7 3. The situation before 1997 9 3.1 Public funding 9 3.2 Private funding 9 4. Party funding: 1997-2010 10 4.1 The Committee on Standards in Public Life (1998) and PPERA (2000) 10 4.2 The Electoral Commission review (2004) 11 4.3 ‘Cash for honours’ (2006) and the Electoral Administration Act 2006 11 4.4 Inquiries: Constitutional Affairs Select Committee (2006) and Phillips (2007) 12 The Constitutional Affairs Select Committee (CASC) 12 Sir Hayden Phillips 12 4.5 The Political Parties and Elections Act 2009 13 5. Party funding: 2010-2015 15 5.1 The Committee on Standards in Public Life (2011) 15 5.2 The Electoral Commission review (2013) 16 5.3 The Transparency of Lobbying, Non-Party Campaigning and Trade Union Administration Act 2014 and other developments 16 Draft Bill 17 Labour Party reform 17 5.4 Allegations and scandals reported by the press 17 5.5 The 2015 General Election 18 6. -
Friend Or Foe? Lobbying in British Democracy
Friend or Foe? Lobbying in British Democracy A discussion paper by Philip Parvin Friend or Foe? Lobbying in British Democracy Text and graphics © Hansard Society 2007 Published by the Hansard Society, 40-43 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1JA Tel: 020 7438 1222. Fax: 020 7438 1229. Email: [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, without the prior permission of the Hansard Society. The Hansard Society is an independent, non-partisan educational charity which exists to promote effective parliamentary democracy. For more information about other Hansard Society publications visit our website at www.hansardsociety.org.uk The views expressed in this publication are those of the author. The Hansard Society, as an independent non-party organisation, is neither for nor against. The Society is, however, happy to publish these views and to invite analysis and discussion of them. ISBN 978 0 900432 63 2 Cover design by Ross Ferguson Sub-editing by Virginia Gibbons Printed and bound in Great Britain by Premier Corporate Mail Limited Contents Page Foreword 3 Executive Summary 4 Introduction 5 Chapter 1: Who are the lobbyists? 9 Chapter 2: Perceptions of the Lobbying Community 22 Chapter 3: Lobbying and Democracy 31 Appendix: Research Methodology 35 1 Acknowledgements The Hansard Society is grateful to Ellwood and Atfield who have made this project possible. In particular, Ben Atfield and Gavin Ellwood have supported this discussion paper from the outset, contributed ideas to the thinking and been generous with their enthusiasm and commitment. -
Research Note: Former Special Advisers in Cabinet, 1979-2013
Research Note: Former Special Advisers in Cabinet, 1979-2013 Executive Summary Sixteen special advisers have gone on to become Cabinet Ministers. This means that of the 492 special advisers listed in the Constitution Unit database in the period 1979-2010, only 3% entered Cabinet. Seven Conservative party Cabinet members were formerly special advisers. o Four Conservative special advisers went on to become Cabinet Ministers in the 1979-1997 period of Conservative governments. o Three former Conservative special advisers currently sit in the Coalition Cabinet: David Cameron, George Osborne and Jonathan Hill. Eight Labour Cabinet members between 1997-2010 were former special advisers. o Five of the eight former special advisers brought into the Labour Cabinet between 1997-2010 had been special advisers to Tony Blair or Gordon Brown. o Jack Straw entered Cabinet in 1997 having been a special adviser before 1979. One Liberal Democrat Cabinet member, Vince Cable, was previously a special adviser to a Labour minister. The Coalition Cabinet of January 2013 currently has four members who were once special advisers. o Also attending Cabinet meetings is another former special adviser: Oliver Letwin as Minister of State for Policy. There are traditionally 21 or 22 Ministers who sit in Cabinet. Unsurprisingly, the number and proportion of Cabinet Ministers who were previously special advisers generally increases the longer governments go on. The number of Cabinet Ministers who were formerly special advisers was greatest at the end of the Labour administration (1997-2010) when seven of the Cabinet Ministers were former special advisers. The proportion of Cabinet made up of former special advisers was greatest in Gordon Brown’s Cabinet when almost one-third (30.5%) of the Cabinet were former special advisers. -
Tory Modernisation 2.0 Tory Modernisation
Edited by Ryan Shorthouse and Guy Stagg Guy and Shorthouse Ryan by Edited TORY MODERNISATION 2.0 MODERNISATION TORY edited by Ryan Shorthouse and Guy Stagg TORY MODERNISATION 2.0 THE FUTURE OF THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY TORY MODERNISATION 2.0 The future of the Conservative Party Edited by Ryan Shorthouse and Guy Stagg The moral right of the authors has been asserted. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a re- trieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. Bright Blue is an independent, not-for-profit organisation which cam- paigns for the Conservative Party to implement liberal and progressive policies that draw on Conservative traditions of community, entre- preneurialism, responsibility, liberty and fairness. First published in Great Britain in 2013 by Bright Blue Campaign www.brightblue.org.uk ISBN: 978-1-911128-00-7 Copyright © Bright Blue Campaign, 2013 Printed and bound by DG3 Designed by Soapbox, www.soapbox.co.uk Contents Acknowledgements 1 Foreword 2 Rt Hon Francis Maude MP Introduction 5 Ryan Shorthouse and Guy Stagg 1 Last chance saloon 12 The history and future of Tory modernisation Matthew d’Ancona 2 Beyond bare-earth Conservatism 25 The future of the British economy Rt Hon David Willetts MP 3 What’s wrong with the Tory party? 36 And why hasn’t -
Power, Communication, and Politics in the Nordic Countries
POWER, COMMUNICATION, AND POLITICS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES POWER, COMMUNICATION, POWER, COMMUNICATION, AND POLITICS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES The Nordic countries are stable democracies with solid infrastructures for political dia- logue and negotiations. However, both the “Nordic model” and Nordic media systems are under pressure as the conditions for political communication change – not least due to weakened political parties and the widespread use of digital communication media. In this anthology, the similarities and differences in political communication across the Nordic countries are studied. Traditional corporatist mechanisms in the Nordic countries are increasingly challenged by professionals, such as lobbyists, a development that has consequences for the processes and forms of political communication. Populist polit- ical parties have increased their media presence and political influence, whereas the news media have lost readers, viewers, listeners, and advertisers. These developments influence societal power relations and restructure the ways in which political actors • Edited by: Eli Skogerbø, Øyvind Ihlen, Nete Nørgaard Kristensen, & Lars Nord • Edited by: Eli Skogerbø, Øyvind Ihlen, Nete Nørgaard communicate about political issues. This book is a key reference for all who are interested in current trends and develop- ments in the Nordic countries. The editors, Eli Skogerbø, Øyvind Ihlen, Nete Nørgaard Kristensen, and Lars Nord, have published extensively on political communication, and the authors are all scholars based in the Nordic countries with specialist knowledge in their fields. Power, Communication, and Politics in the Nordic Nordicom is a centre for Nordic media research at the University of Gothenburg, Nordicomsupported is a bycentre the Nordic for CouncilNordic of mediaMinisters. research at the University of Gothenburg, supported by the Nordic Council of Ministers. -
On Parliamentary Representation)
House of Commons Speaker's Conference (on Parliamentary Representation) Session 2008–09 Volume II Written evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 21 April 2009 HC 167 -II Published on 27 May 2009 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 Speaker’s Conference (on Parliamentary Representation) The Conference secretariat will be able to make individual submissions available in large print or Braille on request. The Conference secretariat can be contacted on 020 7219 0654 or [email protected] On 12 November 2008 the House of Commons agreed to establish a new committee, to be chaired by the Speaker, Rt. Hon. Michael Martin MP and known as the Speaker's Conference. The Conference has been asked to: "Consider, and make recommendations for rectifying, the disparity between the representation of women, ethnic minorities and disabled people in the House of Commons and their representation in the UK population at large". It may also agree to consider other associated matters. The Speaker's Conference has until the end of the Parliament to conduct its inquiries. Current membership Miss Anne Begg MP (Labour, Aberdeen South) (Vice-Chairman) Ms Diane Abbott MP (Labour, Hackney North & Stoke Newington) John Bercow MP (Conservative, Buckingham) Mr David Blunkett MP (Labour, Sheffield, Brightside) Angela Browning MP (Conservative, Tiverton & Honiton) Mr Ronnie Campbell MP (Labour, Blyth Valley) Mrs Ann Cryer MP (Labour, Keighley) Mr Parmjit Dhanda MP (Labour, Gloucester) Andrew George MP (Liberal Democrat, St Ives) Miss Julie Kirkbride MP (Conservative, Bromsgrove) Dr William McCrea MP (Democratic Unionist, South Antrim) David Maclean MP (Conservative, Penrith & The Border) Fiona Mactaggart MP (Labour, Slough) Mr Khalid Mahmood MP (Labour, Birmingham Perry Barr) Anne Main MP (Conservative, St Albans) Jo Swinson MP (Liberal Democrat, East Dunbartonshire) Mrs Betty Williams MP (Labour, Conwy) Publications The Reports and evidence of the Conference are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. -
Comparing the Dynamics of Party Leadership Survival in Britain and Australia: Brown, Rudd and Gillard
This is a repository copy of Comparing the dynamics of party leadership survival in Britain and Australia: Brown, Rudd and Gillard. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/82697/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Heppell, T and Bennister, M (2015) Comparing the dynamics of party leadership survival in Britain and Australia: Brown, Rudd and Gillard. Government and Opposition, FirstV. 1 - 26. ISSN 1477-7053 https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2014.31 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Comparing the Dynamics of Party Leadership Survival in Britain and Australia: Brown, Rudd and Gillard Abstract This article examines the interaction between the respective party structures of the Australian Labor Party and the British Labour Party as a means of assessing the strategic options facing aspiring challengers for the party leadership. -
Below the Radar in a Big Society? Reflections on Community Engagement, Empowerment and Social Action in a Changing Policy Context
Third Sector Research Centre Working Paper 51 Below the Radar in a Big Society? Reflections on community engagement, empowerment and social action in a changing policy context Angus McCabe December 2010 Working Paper Paper Working 51 December 2010 December Contents Introduction: defining ‘below the radar’ groups and activities ........................................................ 3 ‘Big Society’ as policy: continuity and divergence ........................................................................... 4 The language of ‘Big Society’ .............................................................................................................. 6 The impact of ‘Big Society’ .................................................................................................................. 8 ‘Below the radar’: community engagement, empowerment and social action: critical issues .................................................................................................................. 9 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Next steps ............................................................................................................................................ 15 End notes ............................................................................................................................................. 15 References .......................................................................................................................................... -
Survey Report
R YouGov/ Sunday Times Survey Results YouGov Sample Size: 1755 Fieldwork: 10th - 11th April 2008 For detailed results, click here % Headline Voting Intention [Excluding Don't Knows and Wouldn't Votes] Con 44 Lab 28 Lib Dem 17 Other 11 Do you think Gordon Brown is doing well or badly as prime minister? Very well 2 Fairly well 26 Fairly badly 37 Very badly 28 Don’t know 7 Do you think David Cameron is doing well or badly as Conservative leader? Very well 7 Fairly well 44 Fairly badly 27 Very badly 11 Don’t know 11 Do you think Nick Clegg is doing well or badly as leader of the Liberal Democrats? Very well 1 Fairly well 25 Fairly badly 24 Very badly 11 Don’t know 38 Do you think house prices in your area will rise or fall over the next 12 months? Rise by more than 10% 2 Rise by less than 10% 10 TOTAL RISE 12 Stay about the same 28 Fall by less than 10% 41 Fall by more than 10% 13 TOTAL FALL 54 Don’t know 6 Over the next 12 months do you think Britain's economy will... Grow at a faster rate than over the past 12 months 1 Grow at about the same rate 5 Grow more slowly 35 Not grow at all 28 Go into recession 26 Don't know 6 1 © 2008 YouGov plc. All Rights Reserved www.yougov.com R % YouGov How much do you trust Gordon Brown and Alistair Darling to lead Britain through the present financial crisis? Trust a lot 4 Trust to some extent 25 Do not trust much 30 Do not trust at all 36 Don’t know 6 Thinking about Prime Minister Gordon Brown which of the following qualities do you think he has? [Please tick all that apply.] Sticks to what he believes -
Friend Or Foe? Lobbying in British Democracy
Friend or Foe? Lobbying in British Democracy A discussion paper by Philip Parvin Friend or Foe? Lobbying in British Democracy Text and graphics © Hansard Society 2007 Published by the Hansard Society, 40-43 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1JA Tel: 020 7438 1222. Fax: 020 7438 1229. Email: [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, without the prior permission of the Hansard Society. The Hansard Society is an independent, non-partisan educational charity which exists to promote effective parliamentary democracy. For more information about other Hansard Society publications visit our website at www.hansardsociety.org.uk The views expressed in this publication are those of the author. The Hansard Society, as an independent non-party organisation, is neither for nor against. The Society is, however, happy to publish these views and to invite analysis and discussion of them. ISBN 978 0 900432 63 2 Cover design by Ross Ferguson Sub-editing by Virginia Gibbons Printed and bound in Great Britain by Premier Corporate Mail Limited Contents Page Foreword 3 Executive Summary 4 Introduction 5 Chapter 1: Who are the Lobbyists? 9 Chapter 2: Perceptions of the Lobbying Industry 22 Chapter 3: Lobbying and British Democracy 31 Appendix: Research Methodology 35 1 Acknowledgements Dr Philip Parvin was Director of the Hansard Society’s Study and Scholars Programme until 2006. He currently teaches politics at Cambridge University. The Hansard Society is grateful to Ellwood and Atfield who have made this project possible. -
Building a New Politics? Politics? Half of Us Claim to Be Interested in Politics; and Only an Approximate Quarter of Us Are Satisfied with the UK Parliament
New paradigms in public policy NEW PARADIGMS IN PUBLIC POLICY Building a new The average UK citizen is disengaged and disappointed with politics. Seven in ten of us have little or no trust in politicians; only Building a new politics? politics? half of us claim to be interested in politics; and only an approximate quarter of us are satisfied with the UK parliament. Here, Gerry Stoker argues that citizens have to get more involved if the UK government is to effectively confront problems facing British society and find democratic, representative solutions. Academics fall into two established camps on the approaches we can take: one group suggests that policymakers should focus on restoring citizen faith in existing representative processes while the other urges them to get citizens more actively involved through new participatory and deliberative processes. We need social scientists Gerry Stoker to draw on and develop these insights, and take on the challenge of designing a new way to tackle anti-political attitudes. The new and evolving political, economic and societal challenges in twenty-first century Britain require policymakers to adapt and change the way they consider their craft. New paradigms in public policy, a series of reports published by the British Academy Policy Centre, examines a range of policy issues, explaining the current situation and policy approaches and making suggestions as to why and how concepts should be adapted, reformed or reinvented. SPONSORED BY ISBN: 978-0-85672-596-8 10 –11 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AH Telephone: +44 (0)207 969 5200 Fax: +44 (0)207 969 5300 Registered Charity: Number 233176 by Gerry Stoker The British Academy, established by Royal Charter in 1902, champions and supports the humanities and social sciences across the UK and internationally. -
The Crisis of the Democratic Left in Europe
The crisis of the democratic left in Europe Denis MacShane Published by Progress 83Victoria Street, London SW1H 0HW Tel: 020 3008 8180 Fax: 020 3008 8181 Email: [email protected] www.progressonline.org.uk Progress is an organisation of Labour party members which aims to promote a radical and progressive politics for the 21st century. We seek to discuss, develop and advance the means to create a more free, equal and democratic Britain, which plays an active role in Europe and the wider the world. Diverse and inclusive, we work to improve the level and quality of debate both within the Labour party, and between the party and the wider progressive communnity. Honorary President : Rt Hon Alan Milburn MP Chair : StephenTwigg Vice chairs : Rt Hon Andy Burnham MP, Chris Leslie, Rt Hon Ed Miliband MP, Baroness Delyth Morgan, Meg Munn MP Patrons : Rt Hon Douglas Alexander MP, Wendy Alexander MSP, Ian Austin MP, Rt Hon Hazel Blears MP, Rt HonYvette Cooper MP, Rt Hon John Denham MP, Parmjit Dhanda MP, Natascha Engel MP, Lorna Fitzsimons, Rt Hon Peter Hain MP, John Healey MP, Rt Hon Margaret Hodge MP, Rt Hon Beverley Hughes MP, Rt Hon John Hutton MP, Baroness Jones, Glenys Kinnock MEP, Sadiq Kahn MP, Oona King, David Lammy MP, Cllr Richard Leese,Rt Hon Peter Mandelson, Pat McFadden MP, Rt Hon David Miliband MP,Trevor Phillips, Baroness Prosser, Rt Hon James Purnell MP, Jane Roberts, LordTriesman. Kitty Ussher MP, Martin Winter Honorary Treasurer : Baroness Margaret Jay Director : Robert Philpot Deputy Director : Jessica Asato Website and Communications Manager :Tom Brooks Pollock Events and Membership Officer : Mark Harrison Publications and Events Assistant : EdThornton Published by Progress 83 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0HW Tel: 020 3008 8180 Fax: 020 3008 8181 Email: [email protected] www.progressives.org.uk 1 .