Past imperfect. Present tense. Future perfect? Language play and the culture of literacy Oavid Crystal University of Wales, Bangor, UK Address: PO Box 5, Holyhead, Isle of Anglesey LL65 1RG Tel: 01407 762764 Fax: 01407 769728 e-mail:
[email protected] 1 Abstract This paper begins with an account of the universality of language play among adults, and of the way in which language play is at the centre of child language learning. Given the importance of this phenomenon, it is remarkable that it has been so neglected, and that so little account has been taken of it in the writing of reading materials and the teaching of reading, and it may be that the lack of a perspective derived from language play is a significant factor hindering children from seeing what the task of reading is all about. Some possibilities for the use of language play in reading are illustrated from several areas of language structure and use - phonology, graphology, grammar, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and metalanguage. There is still a major gap between considerations of language structure and those of language in use - between structural creativity and pedagogical intervention. A promising means of bridging this gap, and achieving integration, is to introduce a perspective from language play. 2 Everyone, regardless of cognitive level, plays with language or responds to language play. The responses range from the primitive pleasure experienced by severely mentally handicapped children when they hear dramatically contrasting tones of voice (in such interactive games as 'peep-bo') to the cerebral bliss experienced by highly sophisticated connoisseurs as they explore the patterns of sound-play in, for example, James Joyce's Finnegans Wake.