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Naval War College Review Volume 70 Article 13 Number 3 Summer 2017 Summer 2017 Full Issue The .SU . Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation War College, The .SU . Naval (2017) "Summer 2017 Full Issue," Naval War College Review: Vol. 70 : No. 3 , Article 13. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol70/iss3/13 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. War College: Summer 2017 Full Issue Summer 2017 Volume 70, Number 3 Summer 2017 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2017 1 6864_Summer2017Review_Cover.indd 1 4/26/17 8:38 AM Naval War College Review, Vol. 70 [2017], No. 3, Art. 13 Cover The tall ship Lynx, a replica of a War of 1812–era privateer, under sail near Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. In this issue, author Christopher J. McMahon discusses the history of maritime trade warfare and the prospects that it would be practiced in a future conflict. Lynx (“America’s privateer”) hails from Nan- tucket and is owned and operated by the Lynx Educational Foundation of New- market, New Hampshire. The nonprofit foundation, led by President Donald E. Peacock, teaches “the history of America’s struggle to preserve its independence,” concentrating on the 1812 era. Photo: Mark Krasnow Photography https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol70/iss3/13 2 6864_Summer2017Review_Cover.indd 2 4/26/17 8:38 AM War College: Summer 2017 Full Issue NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Summer 2017 Volume 70, Number 3 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2017 3 Naval War College Review, Vol. 70 [2017], No. 3, Art. 13 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS ADVISORY BOARD PRESIDENT, NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Adam Bellow Rear Adm. Jeffrey A. Harley, USN Seth Cropsey PROVOST Jeffrey Kline Dr. Lewis M. Duncan Gale A. Mattox Capt. Robert C. Rubel, USN (Ret.) DEAN OF NAVAL WARFARE STUDIES Robert A. Silano Thomas J. Culora Marin Strmecki NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS Dov S. Zakheim Carnes Lord, Editor Robert Ayer, Managing Editor NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW EDITORIAL BOARD Kate Acosta, Associate Editor Donald Chisholm Timothy J. Demy and Brad Carter, Book Review Stephen Downes-Martin Editors Andrew S. Erickson Lori A. Almeida, Administrative Assistant and Col. Theodore L. Gatchel, USMC (Ret.) Circulation Manager Cdr. Sean Henseler, USN (Ret.) Frank Uhlig Jr., Editor Emeritus Cdr. James Kraska, USN (Ret.) Capt. Thomas Mangold, USN (Ret.) Naval War College Review John Maurer Code 32, Naval War College Col. Mackubin Owens, USMC (Ret.) 686 Cushing Rd., Newport, RI 02841-1207 Capt. Derek S. Reveron, USNR Fax: 401.841.1071 Capt. Peter M. Swartz, USN (Ret.) DSN exchange, all lines: 841 Capt. Sam Tangredi, USN (Ret.) Website: www.usnwc.edu/press Scott C. Truver http://twitter.com/NavalWarCollege James J. Wirtz Editor, Circulation, or Business 401.841.2236 [email protected] Managing Editor 401.841.4552 [email protected] Book Reviews [email protected] Other Naval War College Offices 401.841.3089 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol70/iss3/13 4 NWC_Summer2017Review.indb 2 4/21/17 8:35 AM War College: Summer 2017 Full Issue Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2017 5 Naval War College Review, Vol. 70 [2017], No. 3, Art. 13 CONTENTS From the Editors . 5 President’s Forum . 9 Maritime Strategy Maritime Trade Warfare A Strategy for the Twenty-First Century? . 15 Christopher J. McMahon Commerce warfare was practiced from ancient times through the 1980s. Is it a thing of the past or a viable strategy for which navies should plan and exercise today? Strategy and Policy Tactics of Strategic Competition Gray Zones, Redlines, and Conflicts before War. 39 Van Jackson The gray zone is not a new concept, but the term describes a broad class of nonwar yet conflictual interactions that are historically common, if underconceptualized, ways of pursuing competitive gains while deferring the decision for war. The Future Navy Impacts of the Robotics Age on Naval Force Design, Effectiveness, and Acquisition . 63 Jeffrey E. Kline Focusing on the packages delivered rather than the delivery platforms will allow us better to lever- age new technologies in the 2030 time frame. Organization and Innovation Integrating Carrier-Launched UAVs. 79 Greg Smith Effective employment of UAVs by the Navy’s carrier air wings requires more than the acquisition of new technology, and without focused efforts to accelerate integration it likely will take several more decades before carrier-launched UAVs are optimized across the entire mission spectrum. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol70/iss3/13 6 NWC_Summer2017Review.indb 1 4/21/17 8:52 AM 2 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEWWar College: Summer 2017 Full Issue Leadership and Ethics Epictetus vs. Aristotle What Is the Best Way to Frame the Military Virtues? . 101 Mark N. Jensen Military thinkers have tended to be attracted to the Stoics, but an approach to virtue ethics inspired by Aristotle provides a better theoretical and practical foundation for military organizations. Foundations of Moral Obligation After Forty Years . 121 Thomas J. Gibbons When Vice Admiral James B. Stockdale and Dr. Joseph Brennan developed the Foundations of Moral Obligation elective forty years ago, little did they know how popular it would be and the positive impact it would have on graduates over the decades, becoming part of the moral fabric of both the College and the Navy. Rediscoveries Remarks, Stockdale to Pilots, 1965 . 140 Introduction by Martin L. Cook Commentary Direct from Genda: Primary-Source Evidence from Genda Bearing on Parshall-Bennett Exchange regarding Fuchida at Pearl Harbor. 144 Norman Polmar Book Reviews TORCH: North Africa and the Allied Path to Victory, by Vincent P. O’Hara reviewed by Richard J. Norton. 146 How the War Was Won: Air-Sea Power and Allied Victory in World War II, by Phillips Payson O’Brien reviewed by Nicholas Murray . 148 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2017 7 6863_TOC copy.indd 2 4/21/17 2:09 PM Naval War College Review, Vol. 70 [2017], No. 3, Art. 13 CONTENTS 3 A Military History of Japan: From the Age of the Samurai to the 21st Century, by John T. Kuehn reviewed by J. Overton . 149 Flash Points: The Emerging Crisis in Europe, by George Friedman reviewed by Sam J. Tangredi . 151 The End of the Asian Century: War, Stagnation, and the Risks to the World’s Most Dynamic Region, by Michael R. Auslin reviewed by Charles Edel . 153 Warring Navies: India-Pakistan; Indian Navy’s Role in the Indo-Pak Wars, by Ranji Rai and Joseph Chacko reviewed by Patrick Bratton . 155 Vietnam Narratives and the Collective Memory of the Vietnam War, by John A. Wood reviewed by Breanne Robertson . 156 The Role of the Royal Navy in South America, 1920–1970, by Jon Wise reviewed by Angus Ross . 158 The Warrior, Military Ethics and Contemporary Warfare: Achilles Goes Asymmetrical, by Pauline M. Kaurin reviewed by Thomas E. Creely . 159 The General vs. the President: MacArthur and Truman at the Brink of Nuclear War, by H. W. Brands reviewed by David L. Teska . 161 The Pacific War and Contingent Victory: Why Japanese Defeat Was Not Inevitable, by Michael W. Myers reviewed by Richard J. Norton. 163 Reflections on Reading . 166 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol70/iss3/13 8 NWC_Summer2017Review.indb 3 4/21/17 8:52 AM War College: Summer 2017 Full Issue Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2017 9 NWC_Summer2017Review.indb 4 4/21/17 8:35 AM Naval War College Review, Vol. 70 [2017], No. 3, Art. 13 FROM THE EDITORS In this era of globalization, it often is taken as axiomatic that maritime trade warfare is obsolete� Yet serious analysis of this issue is conspicuous for the most part by its absence� In “Maritime Trade Warfare: A Strategy for the Twenty-First Century?,” Christopher J� McMahon sets out to rectify this situation� After an extensive survey of the role of antitrade warfare—guerre de course—in modern times, he develops and assesses systematically the arguments both for and against the likely utility or threat of such warfare today� He notes that most observers in the years of “globalization” prior to 1914 were similarly convinced that the economic interests of the great powers would preclude its use in future wars—a prediction that both world wars showed to be completely unfounded� He also points out that the United States today, with its far-flung global maritime pres- ence and relatively limited inventory of lift and sustainment shipping, should be giving more attention to this potential threat than it appears to have done in recent years� Christopher J� McMahon is the Maritime Administration Emory S� Land Chair of Merchant Marine Affairs at the Naval War College (NWC)� There has been much discussion over the last few years of what has come to be called “gray-zone conflict�” According to some, this kind of conflict— exemplified in Russia’s relatively bloodless takeover of Crimea—is a fundamen- tally novel phenomenon� Van Jackson, in “Tactics of Strategic Competition: Gray Zones, Redlines, and Conflicts before War,” takes issue with this view� He argues that three interrelated tactics making up gray-zone conflict—avoidance of “redlines,” the use of
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