* An Annotated Catalog of Primary Types of Siphonaptera in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution NANCY E. ADAMS and ROBERT E. LEWIS I SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 560 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. I. Michael Heyman Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 560 An Annotated Catalog of Primary Types of Siphonaptera in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Nancy E. Adams and Robert E. Lewis SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1995 ABSTRACT Adams, Nancy E., and Robert E. Lewis. An Annotated Catalog of Primary Types of Siphonaptera in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 560, 86 pages, 1995.—Annotated accounts for the 417 siphonapteran primary types in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, are presented. Each account includes the name, author, date of description, genus, computer reference number, citation, collection locality, host species, date of collection, and collector, if known. The kind of primary type and its sex are designated, accompanied by the USNM type number. The remarks section includes the current status of the name and other pertinent information. Of these accounts, 63 names are junior synonyms, one of which is synonymized here. Of the remaining 354 valid taxa, nine primary types are in the Natural History Museum, London, although for various reasons they warrant further discussion. Twenty-seven lectotypes are designated. Five appendices are included. They are an alphabetical index of host/parasite names by species; a list of junior synonyms and their equivalents; a list of type localities by country and the species described from them; an alphabetical list of the valid genera, species, and subspecies represented by primary types in the collection, including their USNM numbers; and the supraspecific classification of the Siphonaptera. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Adams, Nancy E. An annotated catalog of primary types of Siphonaptera in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution / Nancy E. Adams and Robert E. Lewis. p. cm. — (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 560) Includes bibliographic references (p. ). 1. Fleas—Type Specimens—Catalogs and collections—Washington (D.C.) 2. National Museum of Natural History (U.S.)—Catalogs. I. Adams, Nancy E. II. Lewis, Robert Earl, 1929- . III. Title. IV. Series. QL1.S54 no. 560 [QL599.5] 591 s-dc20 [595.77'5'074753] 94-12415 © The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984. Contents Page Introduction 1 Sources of Data 3 Acknowledgments 3 Primary Type List 4 Appendix 1: Alphabetical Index of Host/Parasite Names by Species 41 Appendix 2: Junior Synonyms and Their Equivalents 49 Appendix 3: Type Localities 51 Appendix 4: Alphabetical List of Valid Type Names by Current Genus and Species 62 Appendix 5: Supraspecific Classification 71 Literature Cited 76 in An Annotated Catalog of Primary Types of Siphonaptera in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Nancy E. Adams and Robert E. Lewis Introduction appear on the labels of some specimens and require explana- tion. As Blackwelder so aptly stated,"... the only direct purpose In accordance with Recommendation 72G (4) of the served by most types is to show to what the name is to be International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature applied ...." Here are the categories encountered, their (1985:147, hereafter referred to as the Code), which states that: "Every institution in which name-bearing types are deposited definitions, and our interpretations. should ... publish lists of name-bearing types in its possession or custody ...," we present a list of primary types of Primary Types Siphonaptera in the National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Smithsonian Institution. Our sources of data and HOLOTYPE.—A single specimen, preferably of the diagnos- methods are explained below. But first we present a few words tic sex in dimorphic forms, established as the name-bearing about the typological interpretations employed here. type of a species or subspecies at the time of description, or the The use of the term TYPE has had a long and often confusing sole specimen upon which the taxon was based when no type history. Some early workers did not designate types, while was specified (monotypy) [Article 73a]. others applied the term to all of the specimens available to them LECTOTYPE.—A syntype (or cotype of earlier workers) at the time of description. Two of the best analyses of types and designated as the single name-bearing specimen at some time typology are in Mayr et al. (1953:236-245) and Blackwelder subsequent to the description of a name-bearing species or (1967:196 et seq.); a more legalistic approach is in the Code. subspecies [Article 74]. According to Article 74(c) of the The glossary in the Code defines 11 kinds of types. current Code "... each [lectotype] designation must be made Blackwelder divides these, and a few others, into three specifically for an individual nominal species-group taxon and categories: primary, secondary, and tertiary. While we are must have as its object the definition of that taxon." A concerned here only with primary types, other categories designated specimen from the syntype series of the opposite sex from the lectotype is called an allolectotype and is not Nancy E. Adams, Department of Entomology, National Museum of considered any kind of type. Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. NEOTYPE.—The single specimen designated as the name- Robert E. Lewis, Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3222. Journal Paper J-14772 of the Iowa bearing type of a species or subspecies for which no holotype, Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. lectotype, syntype, or prior neotype is known to exist [Article Project 2581. 75]. Review Chairman: John M. Burns, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Reviewers: Ralph P. Eckerlin, Northern Virginia Community College, Secondary Types Annandale, Virginia 22003-3796; Robert Traub, 5702 Bradley Blvd., Bethesda, Maryland; Nixon A. Wilson, University of Northern Iowa, SYNTYPE (= cotype of earlier workers).—Any specimen of a Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614-0421. type series from which neither holotype nor lectotype has been SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY designated [Articles 72a (ii), 73b, 74]. In some instances alpina, Typhlopsylla = Stenistomera alpina (Baker, 1895e) "cotype" has been used instead of "allotype." anomalus, Pulex = Hoplopsyllus anomalus (Baker, 1904) PARALECTOTYPE.—Any specimen remaining from a syntype arctomys, Ceratophyllus = Oropsylla (Oropsylla) arctomys series after designation of a lectotype [Article 72a (ii), (Baker, 1904) Recommendation 74F]. becki, Megarthroglossus - Megarthroglossus becki Tipton and Allred, 1952 Tertiary Types brasiliensis, Pulex = Xenopsylla brasiliensis (Baker, 1904) bruneri, Pulex = Oropsylla (Opisocrostis) bruneri (Baker, PARATYPE.—Any specimen of a type series other than the 1895c) holotype (once a holotype has been designated) [Article 72a citelli, Ceratophyllus = Thrassifotus (Jordan, 1925) (iii), Recommendation 73D]. dissimilis, Malaraeus penicilliger = Amalaraeus dissimilis ALLOTYPE.—A designated specimen of the opposite sex to (Jordan,