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American Museum J u rpt: -- AMERICAN MUSEUM PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 U.S.A. NUMBER 2651 JUNE 16, 1978 KARL F. KOOPMAN Zoogeography of Peruvian Bats With Special Emphasis on the Role of the Andes AMERICAN MUSEUM Novttates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2651, pp. 1-33, fig. 1, tables 1-3 June 16, 1978 Zoogeography of Peruvian Bats With Special Emphasis on the Role of the Andes KARL F. KOOPMAN1 ABSTRACT The known distribution of each of 122 species of complications occur in northwestern Peru, where the bats from Peru is summarized. The Andean moun- Pacific slopes (particularly the higher portions) are tain chain affects these distributions both as a barrier not arid, there are a few relatively low passes across and as a creator of habitat differentiation. Three the Andes, and the upper portions of certain Amazo- main distributional areas are distinguished, the nian tributaries are arid. Instances of ecological (in- humid Amazonian lowlands (below 1000 m.), the cluding altitudinal) replacement and specific or highlands within the Amazonian drainage (above subspecific representation between the major ecologi- 1000 m.), and the chiefly arid Pacific slopes. Some cal zones are discussed. INTRODUCTION The American Museum of Natural History mens in other museums have been studied, received a large number of bats from three however, and are referred to when they yield altitudinal transects in Peru, collected by John additional information. Terborgh and John S. Weske, which has The Terborgh-Weske bats were preserved in prompted a reexamination of the systematics formalin. Because they were collected entirely and distribution of Peruvian bats with particular by netting, some groups (e.g., Glossophaginae, attention to altitude. Since Tuttle (1970) has Carolliinae, Stenoderminae) are very well rep- published a very useful account on the same resented, some are poorly represented, and general subject, this paper emphasizes additions some (e.g., Emballonuridae, Molossidae) are to and, in a few cases corrections of, Tuttle's not represented. The main emphasis is on phyl- information. In many cases, Tuttle gave only lostomatid bats. Altitudinal data for the poorly marginal records, whereas I include additional represented groups are scanty. While there is records. My report, in general, is based on an extensive literature on both highland and specimens in the American Museum of Natural lowland Peruvian bats, much of it gives no data History, including the Terborgh-Weske collec- on altitude. For the purposes of this paper, tion, part of the material reported by Tuttle, lowland is below 1000 m., highland is above and earlier material, chiefly collected by Olalla, 1000 m. Some of the general conclusions have Schunke, Bassler, and Watkins. Some speci- already appeared (Koopman, 1976). 'Associate Curator, Department of Manumalogy, the American Museum of Natural History. Copyright © The American Museum of Natural History 1978 ISSN 0003 / 0082 Price $2.50 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2651 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS mens from Madre de Dios (Inambari River The collections of Drs. J. Terborgh and J. mouth) and Ayacucho (Sivia). All these records S. Weske formed the nucleus of the present are from the Amazonian side, however, the report and I thank them both for collection of Field Museum has specimens from Tumbes material which they generously gave to the (Matapalo) on the Pacific side. American Museum of Natural History, thus Saccopteryx canescens Thomas-Tuttle making it available for this study. I also thank (1970) recorded this species only from Dr. Luis de la Torre and Dr. Robert E. Martin Huanuco, though the locality (Puerto Victoria, of the Field Museum of Natural History for Rio Pachitea) is in the Department of Pasco making the collection available and for loan of according to the maps I've seen. Ceballos Ben- specimens in their care. Dr. Charles 0. Hand- dezu (1968) recorded the species from Loreto. ley, Jr., of the National Museum of Natural Presumably it is confined to the Amazonian History, Smithsonian Institution, gave valuable lowlands. The American Museum has no Peru- information and advice. Dr. William B. Davis vian material. of Texas A. and M. University (Texas Cooper- Saccopteryx leptura (Schreber)-The upper ative Wildlife Collection) and Dr. John P. altitudinal limit given by Tuttle (taken from O'Neil of Louisiana State University each gave Thomas, 1893) is at ca. 900 m. (Chanchamayo, me information concerning specimens at their near Tarma, Junin). Tuttle (1970) recorded the museums. Drs. Guy G. Musser of the Ameri- species from Loreto, Pasco, and Cuzco, but can Museum of Natural History and Ronald H. Ceballos Bendezu (1968) believed the Cuzco Pine of George Williams College kindly read locality (Bellavista) to be an error for Buena the manuscript; the former drafted figure 1 and Vista in the Department of Madre de Dios. The the latter lent me a copy of Ceballos Bendezu American Museum has a specimen from Ama- (1968). Dr. Alfred Gardner of the United States zonas (Pomara, AMNH 69235, unfortunately, Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife no altitude given). The species is probably Service, sent me a photo-copy of Ceballos Ben- widespread in the Amazonian lowlands. dezu (1955). Dr. Merlin D. Tuttle read the Cormura brevirostris (Wagner)-This appears manuscript and made numerous criticisms, not to be an Amazonian lowland species, recorded all of which I have accepted. If I have slighted from Loreto, Huanuco, and Pasco by Tuttle, some of these, I ask his indulgence. and from Madre de Dios by Ceballos Bendezu (1968). The few specimens from Peru in the SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS American Museum are all from Loreto. The HuaLnuco record (Tingo Maria) at ca. 700 m. is FAMILY EMBALLONURIDAE probably the highest for Peru. Rhynchonycteris naso (Wied-Neuwied)-This Peropteryx kappleri Peters-Tuttle recorded species appears to be restricted to the Amazo- this species from Pasco and Cuzco. The Pasco nian lowlands. Tuttle (1970) recorded it from record is in the lowlands, but the Cuzco lo- the departments of Loreto, Pasco, and Cuzco. cality (Hacienda Cadena) is at ca. 1500 m. The The American Museum also has specimens American Museum has no Peruvian specimens. from Amazonas (mouth of the Cenipa River, Peropteryx macrotis (Wagner)-Tuttle (1970) AMNH 98757-58). recorded this species from the departments of Saccopteryx bilineata (Temminck)-This is Loreto, Pasco, Cuzco, and Puno. The Field another lowland species. (Tuttle's record from Museum has specimens from Madre de Dios San Ramon at ca. 900 m. may be the highest (La Pampa). If the record from Cuzco (Machu recorded for Peru.) Tuttle mentioned the de- Picchu) is accurate, this species is unusual for partments of Loreto, Pasco, Junin, and Cuzco. its family in reaching an altitude of ca. 1850 The American Museum also has specimens m., but confirmation of this is desirable. The from Huanuco (Montealegre, AMNH American Museum material from Peru is all 67228-29) and the Field Museum has speci- from Loreto except for a Tutfie specimen. The 1978 KOOPMAN: PERUVIAN BATS 3 Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection has Cajamarca and Piura (including three specimens specimens from San Martin and Huanuco. in the American Museum). These populations Peropteryx (Peronymus) leucopterus Peters- are widely separated from the remainder of the This Amazonian lowland species was recorded range of the species in Costa Rica, Venezuela, by Tuttle only from Loreto. The American Mu- and areas farther north and are considered by seum has no Peruvian material. Smith to form a distinct subspecies (P. d. in- Centronycteris maximiliani (Fischer)-I have cae), which occupies both sides of the divide nothing to add to the single vague locality that between the Pacific and Amazonian slopes. In Tuttle (1970) gave except to point out that this this region, as discussed by Tuttle (1970), the is otherwise an Amazonian lowland species. divide is at its lowest, and one might expect P. The American Museum has no Peruvian speci- davyi to reach altitudes of at least 2100 m. in mens. order to get through these relatively low passes. Diclidurus albus Wied-Neuwied-I have Unfortunately the only altitudinal data are for nothing to add to Tuttle's Loreto record based the type locality on the Pacific side, which is on a single specimen in the American Museum. quite low (ca. 300 m.). The altitude of two This is an Amazonian lowland species. localities on the Amazonian side, Jaen (Ca- Diclidurus scutatus Peters-Tuttle's single jamarca) and Huancabamba (Piura) are each at record was based on a specimen without defi- ca. 2000 m., however, and the species proba- nite locality in the American Museum of Natu- bly does not occur in the Amazonian lowlands. ral History. The species is apparently a lowland Pteronotus gymnonotus (Natterer)-I follow Amazonian one. Smith (1977) in using this name in place of FAMILY NOCTILIONIDAE suapurensis. Tuttle (1970) recorded the species only from Loreto, but Smith (1972) recorded it Noctilio albiventris Demarest-I follow also from Huanuco and Piura. Although Smith Hershkovitz (1975) and Davis (1976) in using stated (p. 104) that the species occurs "west of this name instead of N. labialis. An Amazonian the Andes in Piura Province," the Piura lo- lowland species, it was recorded by Tuttle from cality (Huancabamba) is in the Amazonian Loreto, Pasco, and Cuzco. Davis (1976) re- drainage, near the divide. No altitude was corded it from Hudnuco. The American Mu- given, but Huancabamba is near 2000 m. The seum has a specimen from San Martin other localities are in the Amazonian lowlands. (Pachiza, Monte Alegre, AMNH 98697). Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus)-This lowland FAMILY PHYLLOSTOMATIDAE species was recorded by Tuttle only from Micronycteris behni (Peters)-This poorly Loreto and Pasco.
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