The Hilltop 2-25-1972

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Hilltop 2-25-1972 Howard University Digital Howard @ Howard University The iH lltop: 1970-80 The iH lltop Digital Archive 2-25-1972 The iH lltop 2-25-1972 Hilltop Staff Follow this and additional works at: http://dh.howard.edu/hilltop_197080 Recommended Citation Staff, Hilltop, "The iH lltop 2-25-1972" (1972). The Hilltop: 1970-80. 43. http://dh.howard.edu/hilltop_197080/43 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the The iH lltop Digital Archive at Digital Howard @ Howard University. It has been accepted for inclusion in The iH lltop: 1970-80 by an authorized administrator of Digital Howard @ Howard University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ' ... • " Brother reveals facts behind Malcolm's dea.th .411gP.l<1 f rPf> /lOlf'P r .~tr11 ( ·t11rP lllfl,,. l1<ll'P /J(>(>/l JJ<lrl o.f (I l'OllSJ>ir<I<',\' 011 'fo'''' by Dabu (Nairobi) Gizcnga assassinall,rs carrying gu11s run I It was ahout three o'clock -on I ll \\ a rd th c hack of th c A. P. Pr~;,s Release ,1 cold windy Sunday afternoon auditorium still shooting inti' An g1.' IJ Davis. s;r mbol ot v:hcn Malcolm X rose ti) ad­ the er')" d - a man is shl1t in th1..· rl.'sbtancc for thts 1.:ountry's dress a crowd nf four hundred fn11t - pandemonium breaks out - chair~ and tables arc turned Black political prisoners. has Black people gathered to hear been frcc:d on $102.500 bJil. him. "As-Salaam Alaikum." he 11vcr - evcry,,hcrc: pcopk arc running and screaming. T h1.• 28-y1.·a r-o I J Commun IS t said to which the crowd respon­ and for1111.•r UC' LA philosoph) hkcding and cr~ing, . ded ''Walaikum Salaam" just ·instructor smiled' and gavl' a then two men stood up in the Such came Malcolm's dc:ath - t-'d1ruary 21. 1965 at the cltnchl·d fist salute: .1~ ~Ill' audience creating a disturbance. cmc:rg1..•d front till' county 1a1l in ()nc accuses the other of trying Audoban Ballroom. Harkm . Ne\\ York City . Tnday seven Pulo Alto Wcdnl'Sday 111ght. Shl' to pick his pocket. w.1s a I lowed to li:avc: aftl' r Tension rises. Just rhen a man years after his a:-.sassinar inn African people still can nor $2.500 in 1:ash anu $ 100.000 with a shotgun rushes near ·stage surety bond wt:re posted. truthfully answer the question and begins firing point blank at About 75 s11pport1..•rs. Sl)ml· Malcolm. Two other men with ··Wh11 killeJ Malc11l111 X"" \.Va~ it. .ts the: press led many to 1.·lwc:nng. -;01111.·. we1.·r111i;. gn:t'tl'l: pio;tol ru!>h up and unload their 111..·r 111 J drrltling rain ou1s1d1..· till'· heliC'-'1.". agents of the: Nation of gun!> into Malcolm's chest prison_ S lw made: no 1m111cd1:1t: Islam or was it indc:1.•d agents uf Malcolm raises his hand as if to statement. and 1.•nkrcd J c~ir the FBI '' What role did the Ne'' prnrcct himself !>tumbles. and which shortly sped oft. But la ter York Police play in the plot'' tall<. backward onto the stage . that day in San Jose site called :1 \.\'omen scream - people head What forces dcspc:ratcly frlt Co111i11ucd 011 page /] <'OllTi1111ed 011 page - tor the doors. The three • THE DEDICATED TO THE BLACK FACTS ' FOR ONCE AFRICAN PEOPLE KNOW THE TRUTH THEY WILL FIND THEIR WAY TO FREEDOM. · HOWAR.D UNIVERSITY • STUDENT NEWSPAPER • ' THE LARG~ST AND BEST KNOWN BLACK STUDENT PUBLICATION IN THE WORLD Volumn 54, Nu rnber 18 HOWARD UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, D.C. Febr uary 25, 19'12 • ) " • Cheek issues s ta .ten1e11t~ • Owusu Sadaukai views Malcolm. de11ies tuiton e by lheola (Miller) Do11gla~ Sadaukai said. · I hopL' that one ,\1 the req uest of a g.ro11p of Jay we will be :-.o hu'iy fighting -;tudcnts who met with th1: U1l1 Ov. ti--u S.1dauka1 that we can only givl' honor in f>rc:'>1dc:nt 10 discu_,._,. th'-' question 1 llt1\\J1d Fulkr lro111 \takotm ~ ow light'' he add1.·d. Sadaukai of enrollment and tuition I 1b1.·r;it1on Llnl\'L'ro;11y) caut1on1.-d also mentioned that ti wa., not in ch.1rgl'~ tor foreign '>lUdcnh. the 1 l1l':trl) full •1uu1c111.·l· 111 Rankin • thl' 1ntcre~t of Bln ch. unity to following statement is hc:ing ( 'll.tpL·I WcdnL'!>day nt!!ht to he give honor to Malcolm X at the issued to clarify the Universi ty's . ka1 on the tiling~ Maknlm X c.:x..:lusi.011 of till' llonora bk policy on thcSl' two matters: d llod tor 1n lit\. h111 lh' war) ul ~·li.1ah Muhammad. Il e :.ugg,L"!.tcd There i~ no en10 !111w n1 •JUOla 111.· 1111c' "ho would 1n 1,·rpr... · 1 that it be renwmbt'rl'd that for foreign studl'llh or Jny \1.1kol111 lo 1,1..,trl) th1.·11 own MuhJmmad have: contributed a '>pcc1.11ly identified group of llll'.llb' great tkttl to the black struggle studl.!nts at Howurd University. ThL' L'Vcn1ng ot and was responsible for the There is no differential in L'Ollt inc morn ti on heg:irt wrth thL' awareness of Malcol,1n . tuition costs for lloward ..,howing of two films t•ntitlcd st udents. All students, foreign ''Malcolm X Strugµk for The greatl'T portion of and doml.!stic, pay the tuition Fret•dom" anJ "Malcolm X." cl1a11J!t' in our p<!o/>le .... " Sadaukai's lecture was devoted and fee s established hy the l'he event was sponsored by the Nava 1 battlcslup would be to discussing the manipulation Board ol Trustees for the various of Black people by the "white schools and college.,. Malcolm X Cornm!ltcc whkh is named after Dr. Marlin Luther Dr. Chee/.. ..:om priscd of rcprcsc:ntatives of King. He questioned the logic of hoy." He also discu1iscd the Howard, likt· all universities . .;ampus organization such as wanting to nan11.• an object of di rection that Black people must is experiencing many problems teaching cnvironmenls lor our take. "There must be a because of' its limited financial LAS(', SOBU. MUS A. and W'1r aflL'r a 1nan who took a students and teachers. UJA MMA in conjunction with stand against wars. "The ship resources and physical facilities · Since the turn of thl! ce ntury . · • fu ndaml'ntal change 111 our and constantly rising costs. The various community will undoubtedly be sent to the llowaru University has been people wluch will not occur orga n11at1ons such as the D.C. Indian Ocean to kill Black Board of f rustee., has directed providrrig an education tor without Revolution" he ~aid. H (• Malcolm X Committee and the: people," hc said . that all our programs and Blacl-..s from throughout till' At ncan Nationulist Pl'oplc Party. later addl·d that "the two basic operating procedures be under worlll. When John Gordon Sada u kai con11..·nd1..•d that "The fact that we arc holding thini;c; Black people struggled constant analytical and critical be1.:a me the eighth presidcn I of whites interprett·d Makolm as a a meeting to honor Malco!Jn is a against arc the twin evils of review so that we cun provide the university, he observed in 111:.in who had changed from a co mmcntJry of our times'' racism and impt.!ralism. the best nossible learning and his inau~ural address in 1904 thut narrow minded Black nationalist the U11iversity was "drawing to bd1eving that not all whites young tnen from Cuba, Puerto arc evil. This type: of thinking, Rico, Barbados, T nn1dad ... South Sadaukai felt, Jed to the concept Charter Day to be held next \\'eek America. and Asia and Africa." of "We shall overcome, Black l:arlier. General Oliver Q_ and white together." "We IIOV{ard, one of the University's cannot allow white peok or Press Release Medical Director of l·reedm..:n \, founders and its third prcsidcnl. Gary, Indiana : Dr. R. Frank negroes to use a Black man who Hos pi la I. he i:-, Professor had noilcd 1n his report in 187~ stood for Bla ck people to Howard University will honor Jones of Washin gton . D.C.: and I· merit us of Urology in the that "we have hoped to prcscrvc promote the interest of white thrc:e of its outstanding alumni Hon. James A. \Va<>lungton. Jr., Un1vcrs1ty's College ot Medicine. the cosmopolitan, d1ara ctcr ol peopk ... he said. at the University's annual judge: of the Superior Court •Jf Dr. Jones had taught al Howard the University. drawing out ''hart er Day A wards Dinner the l)i<;trict of Colu111bia , cont1nuouslv since Julv 1930. pupils from al l classes. ('omn1enting on the weakness co m rnc mora ting I he 105th Harvey, who graduated frorn' condition•,, and nationalities." of Black people, SadaukJi anniversary or its founcling. lloward at the top of his cbss In Judge Washin gton, a 1939 lloward University continues suggcsu:ct__rhaL Blacks should .Jesse 0. De dmon. Jr., 1960. is specia l assistant lo the graduate of lloward's Lav. in this tradition today. It is have the guts to take: upon chairman of the 197~ Charter Ma yor. and director. Division of School, served a!> Dean of the cogni1ant of the contributions th1.111scl vcs to honor Ma lcolm Day ( 01nm1uec. announced that Housing and Co111mu ni1) S..:hool of La\\ fro111 \larch 1969 of students from other land:.
Recommended publications
  • Black History Trivia Bowl Study Questions Revised September 13, 2018 B C D 1 CATEGORY QUESTION ANSWER
    Black History Trivia Bowl Study Questions Revised September 13, 2018 B C D 1 CATEGORY QUESTION ANSWER What national organization was founded on President National Association for the Arts Advancement of Colored People (or Lincoln’s Birthday? NAACP) 2 In 1905 the first black symphony was founded. What Sports Philadelphia Concert Orchestra was it called? 3 The novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published in what Sports 1852 4 year? Entertainment In what state is Tuskegee Institute located? Alabama 5 Who was the first Black American inducted into the Pro Business & Education Emlen Tunnell 6 Football Hall of Fame? In 1986, Dexter Gordan was nominated for an Oscar for History Round Midnight 7 his performance in what film? During the first two-thirds of the seventeenth century Science & Exploration Holland and Portugal what two countries dominated the African slave trade? 8 In 1994, which president named Eddie Jordan, Jr. as the Business & Education first African American to hold the post of U.S. Attorney President Bill Clinton 9 in the state of Louisiana? Frank Robinson became the first Black American Arts Cleveland Indians 10 manager in major league baseball for what team? What company has a successful series of television Politics & Military commercials that started in 1974 and features Bill Jell-O 11 Cosby? He worked for the NAACP and became the first field Entertainment secretary in Jackson, Mississippi. He was shot in June Medgar Evers 12 1963. Who was he? Performing in evening attire, these stars of The Creole Entertainment Show were the first African American couple to perform Charles Johnson and Dora Dean 13 on Broadway.
    [Show full text]
  • Contents Perspectives in History Vol
    Contents Perspectives in History Vol. 32, 2016-2017 2 Letter from the President Harrison Fender 4 Foreword Chase Johnson ARTICLES 5 Russian Intervention in the Middle East: A Comparative Study of Russian Support of Near Eastern Governments and U.S. Support of Terrorism Against These Governments Michael Johnson 12 “The Editor and the immigrants” George Dennison Prentice’s Utilization of slavery, nativism, and immigration as well as the Impact of the “Blood Monday” election riots in Louisville, Kentucky, 1855 – A Snapshot Perspective Bruce and Mary Lou McClure 24 Martin Luther and the Political Impact of his Essays Chase Johnson 29 Nightmare in the Colonies: Struggles during the East African Campaign Harrison Fender 36 The Eugenics Movement and Its Impact: A Snapshot Gloria Martin 45 Corset Myths and the Democratization of Women’s Fashion in Victorian England Christina Leite 58 Nellie Bly: Breaking the Mold Kati McCurry 62 A Historiographical Review of Chancellor Williams’ The Destruction of Black Civilization Chad Dunbar Letter from the President In conclusion, I would like to thank the 2016-2017 officers of our chapter. Our Once again, another year is at an end for Northern Kentucky University’s Vice President, Kati McCurry for her leadership skills; our Treasurer/Secretary, Lauren chapter of Phi Alpha Theta, Alpha Beta Phi. In that time, it has been both an honor Teegarden for her hard work and dedication; and our Wellness Officer, Jack Silbersack. and privilege to serve as this chapter’s President. Therefore, I would like to introduce Finally, I would like to thank all of our chapter members for their hard work and nd our annual publication of Perspectives in History.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the African American History Readings List
    In the Age of Social Media and national chaos, almost everyone holds and shares passionate opinions on race and politics in America. However, as technology-driven platforms routinely encourage sound bites and abridged nuggets of communication as standard forms of information sharing, people often accept and pass along headlines and briefs as the primary informants to their perspectives and miss out on deep reading. This does not mean people do not want or have an interest in more comprehensive insight. In fact, this list was compiled in response to common requests for reading recommendations in Black history. The nation is transforming and all kinds of people are seeking to make sense of the world in which they find themselves. There is also an ever-growing movement to build a new one. But, how? The first step medical doctors usually take in determining a route toward healing and general wellness is to reference an individual’s medical history. Perhaps, then, a serious, honest and deep study of Africans in United States and world history will be one of our society’s most decisive steps toward general wellness. So much of this list is comprised of writings from Ancestors, activists, historians, scholars, creatives and others who, with time-consuming effort and minimal compensation, recorded major epochs, events and issues within the Black experience. To ignore their work is to ensure our demise. Semi-understanding race and the making of America will lead to futile opinions without solutions and more cycles of the same. Remember, a valuable doctor is an intensely informed one, and we must all serve as surgeons operating for a new day with a new heartbeat.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Studies : Pedagogy and Revolution, a Study of Afro-American Studies and the Liberal Arts Tradition Through the Discipline of Afro- American Literature
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1979 Black studies : pedagogy and revolution, a study of Afro-American studies and the liberal arts tradition through the discipline of Afro- American literature. Johnnella E. Butler University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Butler, Johnnella E., "Black studies : pedagogy and revolution, a study of Afro-American studies and the liberal arts tradition through the discipline of Afro-American literature." (1979). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 3479. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/3479 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BLACK STUDIES: PEDAGOGY AND REVOLUTION A STUDY OF AFRO-AMERICAN STUDIES AND THE LIBERAL ARTS TRADITION THROUGH THE DISCIPLINE OF AFRO-AMERICAN LITERATURE A Dissertation Presented By JOHNNELLA ELIZABETH BUTLER Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION September 1979 Education Johnnella Elizabeth Butler 1979 c All Rights Reserved 1 ii To my parents and sister who taught me to love and know my Blackness, and to Winston who is always with me. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are times when one knows intuitively that he/ she is right; however, there may be little obvious empirical evidence to support the intuitive knowledge. Then one must explore and examine the manifestations of that intuitive knowledge empirically and intellectually.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Griotic' Methodology: African Historiography, Identity Politics And
    Towards A ‘Griotic’ Methodology: African Historiography, Identity Politics and Educational Implications Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Abu Jaraad Toure, M.A. Graduate Program in Education and Human Ecology The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Antoinette Errante, Advisor Dr. Leslie Alexander Dr. Ousman Kobo Copyright by Abu J. Toure 2011 Abstract This study assesses the historical and educational implications of a ‘griotic’ methodology that was employed by free African Americans in the antebellum North. This griotic methodology involved a textual production of history by and for African Americans that was derived from a West African oral/performance basis of history. The study therefore examines how a distinctive approach of history production developed among free African Americans from the late 1700s through the 1830s as they appropriated, engaged and/or countered prevailing European American discourses. Most important to the study is how these early intellectuals sought to vindicate, historicize and liberate themselves through re-presenting the idea of ‘Africa’ as the metaphorical source and destiny of their race. Educational implications of this griotic methodology are subsequently highlighted in the study as it is applied as pedagogy in a post-secondary classroom to empower African African students. In order to establish an endogenous prism through which to examine this distinctive African American methodology, this study integrates a number of qualitative and historiographical components: an intellectual autobiography of the author who is an African American male educator; oral histories of African and African American history professors; and assessments of recent African American scholarship that focus on early African identity politics in the Americas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mis-Education of the Negro by Dr
    Study Guide to The Mis-Education of the Negro By Dr. Carter Godwin Woodson Study Guide written & prepared by: Joi A. Spencer, Ph.D. Clementine Carr Carolyn Mattocks & Vivian Fairnot Reviewed by V.P. Franklin, Ph.D. Editor, Journal of African American History Barbara Spencer Dunn & Melvette Melvin Davis Editors First edition © August 2008 ASALH i TABLE OF CONTENTS A NOTE FROM THE AUTHORS.........................................................................................................................VII ABOUT THE AUTHORS..................................................................................................................................... VIII PREFACE: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MIS-EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO.........................................X LANGUAGE ARTS & LITERACY CONNECTIONS ........................................................................................................ XI A. BUILDING BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE ............................................................................................................. XI B. Vocabulary ....................................................................................................................................................xi CHAPTER 1 - THE SEAT OF THE TROUBLE .....................................................................................................1 HISTORICAL REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................................1 A. Doctor of Philosophy- Doctor of
    [Show full text]
  • The Sankofa University Booklist
    THE SANKOFA UNIVERSITY THE STUDY OF AFRIKAN-CENTERED HISTORY AND CULTURE Written and Compiled by Kwadwo Afrikan-centered Study Groups Why a Study Group? There has been an intentional effort over the last 300 years to not only strip us of all knowledge of who we are but also to remove the desire to know who we are. Our history has been kept from us and what little has gotten through to us has been changed. Much of the accomplishments of our Ancestors has been claimed by other people and taught to us as their history. After all, people who don’t know their history make excellent slaves, regardless of the type of slavery or the time period (18th century or 21st century). Many people of Afrikan descent in America (the Ausa people, Afrikans from the United States of America) have realized that they don't know as much about their history as they'd like to know or need to know. They are beginning to understand that not only have they been misled but that they are Afrikan people with a history that starts thousands of years before our savage kidnapping and enslavement in the Hells of North and South America. Various aspects of our history have been well documented by scholars of Afrikan descent--who tell our story from our point of view. This method of telling our story from our point of view has been called Afrikancentrism. Studying with other people helps learning. Discussions can point out aspects of the material that you didn’t consider. The repetition of good analysis helps in the retention of information.
    [Show full text]
  • Law As a Eurocentric Enterprise
    Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality Volume 15 Issue 2 Article 2 December 1997 Law as a Eurocentric Enterprise Kenneth B. Nunn Follow this and additional works at: https://lawandinequality.org/ Recommended Citation Kenneth B. Nunn, Law as a Eurocentric Enterprise, 15(2) LAW & INEQ. 323 (1997). Available at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/lawineq/vol15/iss2/2 Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality is published by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. Law as a Eurocentric Enterprise Kenneth B. Nunn* Introduction The white man ... desires the world and wants it for himself alone. He considers himself predestined to rule the world. He has made it useful to himself. But here are values which do not submit to his rule. - Frantz Fanon' Several schools of legal thought now exist 2 that, in various forms, acknowledge law's relationship to culture.3 But what is of- * Professor of Law, University of Florida College of Law; A.B. 1980, Stanford University; J.D. 1984, University of California, Berkeley School of Law (Boalt Hall). An earlier version of this Article was presented at the Critical Legal Con- ference, "Contested Communities: Critical Legal Perspectives," held at the Univer- sity of Edinburgh Faculty of Law, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 8-10, 1995. I would like to thank the participants at that conference, in particular Peter Fitz- patrick, for their helpful comments. I would also like to thank Pedro Malavet for lending me materials on comparative international law, Drs. M. Patricia E. Hil- liard Nunn and Asa G. Hilliard, III for inspiration and support, and the editors of Law and Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice for their diligence, open- mindedness and courage.
    [Show full text]
  • MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School
    MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School CERTIFICATE FOR APPROVING THE DISSERTATION We hereby approve the Dissertation Of Carl L. Robinson Candidate for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Richard A. Quantz, Co-Director Raymond Terrell, Co-Director Dennis Carlson, Reader Michael Dantley, Reader Cheryl Burgan Evans Graduate School Representative ABSTRACT RECONCEPTUALIZING THE IMPLICATIONS OF EUROCENTRIC DISCOURSE VIS-À-VIS THE EDUCATIONAL REALITIES OF AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS WITH SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION by Carl L. Robinson This is a conceptual study that uses Afrocentric, racial contract, racial formation, and social censure theories to perform a critical philosophical interrogation of certain historical and contemporary aspects of White supremacy and Eurocentrism. Collectively, the theories that inform this study brings into focus the marginalization of African American students as it pertains to their overrepresentation in special education. This study examines how White supremacy and Eurocentrism impacts the social and political realities of African Americans and people of African descent throughout the enterprise of American schooling and beyond. The aforementioned critical social and political analysis is used to explore the historical and contemporary implications of Eurocentric educational discourse regarding the educational realities of African American students, particularly their overrepresentation in special education. An important component of this study is the delineation of some of the influential ideas and ideological perspectives of some of the major Western philosophers and the impact that these thinkers had on the construction of educational institutions and societal norms that marginalize certain groups of people, particularly African Americans. Concomitantly, the discourses of objectivity and scientism that emerged from the Renaissance and Enlightenment movements are critically interrogated regarding their respective roles in thrusting Eurocentrism into prominence.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Science African-American Baseline Essay
    Portland Public Schools Geocultural Baseline Essay Series African-American Social Science Baseline Essay by John Henrik Clarke Biographical Sketch of the Author Professor Emeritus of African World History, Department of Africana and Puerto Rican Studies, Hunter College of the City University, New York, New York. PPS Geocultural Baseline Essay Series AUTHOR: Clarke SUBJECT: Social Science CONTENTS Contents Page BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE AUTHOR.............................................................................................. I CONTENTS ..........................................................................................................................................................II INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................1 AFRICAN HISTORY, A FACTOR IN WORLD HISTORY ......................................................................9 THE ANTECEDENTS OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN THE ANCIENT WORLD..................................14 AFRICAN ANCIENT WORLD: THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN CIVILIZATION IN THE ORIGINS OF EGYPT .................................................................................................................................................................21 THE HISTORY OF EGYPT ..............................................................................................................................26 PRE-DYNASTIC PERIOD...............................................................................................................................27
    [Show full text]
  • Robert F. Williams and Black Armed Self
    ABSTRACT AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDIES, AFRICANA WOMEN’S STUDIES, AND HISTORY MCALLISTER, DEVIN B.A. NORTH CAROLINA A&T SU, 2014 A QUESTION OF SURVIVAL: ROBERT F. WILLIAMS AND BLACK ARMED SELF-DEFENSE IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH Committee Chair: Daniel Black, Ph.D. Thesis dated May 2018 Many academic and popular accounts of the Civil Rights era emphasize nonviolent activists and activism at the expense of those who embraced armed self- defense and resistance. Nevertheless, the latter played a significant role within these struggles. One of the most significant was Robert F. Williams, a black militant activist— and president of the local NAACP chapter in Monroe, North Carolina—who embraced armed self-defense as a necessary and instrumental component for the liberation of black people in America. After publicly declaring that blacks should defend themselves and hold racist whites accountable through armed self-defense, he was met with immeasurable backlash from other civil rights leaders and organizations, including the national NAACP. The purpose of this study is to examine his beliefs in the necessity of armed self-defense, as well as his impact on the civil rights movement. A QUESTION OF SURVIVAL: ROBERT F. WILLIAMS AND BLACK ARMED SELF-DEFENSE IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF CLARK ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY DEVIN MCALLISTER DEPARTMENT OF AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDIES, AFRICANA WOMEN’S STUDIES, AND HISTORY ATLANTA, GEORGIA MAY 2018 © 2018 DEVIN MCALLISTER All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Narrative and Works of Dr. John Henrik Clarke, the Knowledge Revolutionary
    On My Journey Now: The Narrative and Works of Dr. John Henrik Clarke, The Knowledge Revolutionary by Kwaku Person-Lynn, Ph.D. www.Dr.Kwaku.com In memory of the greatest scholastic influences in my life, Dr. Boniface I. Obichere and Dr. John Henrik Clarke with a Foreword by Wesley Snipes Actor, Martial Artist, and Film Producer The following (with the exception of three photos) was orginally published by the Department of Pan African Studies at California State University at Northridge via a special issue of their journal titled The Journal of Pan African Studies: A Journal of Africentric Theory, Methodology, and Analysis (vol.1, no.2, winter-fall 2000; vol.2,no.1, spring-summer 2001; ISSN: 1532-9780), edited by David L. Horne, Ph.D. and published here by the permission of the author, Kwaku Person-Lynn, Ph.D. 59 The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.6, no.7, February 2014 Acknowledgement In such a collective work as this, there are many to thank. The research alone involved people from all over the country who contributed in one form or another. It begins with the Creator, always. Isidra, my life partner, thank you for being there every second of everyday in so many ways. To my sons, for allowing me to have peace when I needed it, and making the honor roll, in spite of my not always being there. As long as I have breath, you and momma always have my love. John Henrik Clarke, around whom everything here centers, thank you for having faith that I could do “high quality work,” and the generosity and time you gave to me.
    [Show full text]