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Journal of Threatened Taxa PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Article Diversity, structure and natural history of amphibians in the upper Claro River basin, a buffer zone of the National Natural Park Los Nevados, Central Cordillera of Colombia Julián Andrés Rojas-Morales & Mateo Marín-Martnez 26 February 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 3 | Pages: 13261–13277 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4075.11.3.13261-13277 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Partner Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2019 | 11(3): 13261–13277 Article Diversity, structure and natural history of amphibians in the upper Claro River basin, a buffer zone of the National Natural Park Los Nevados, Central Cordillera of Colombia ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Julián Andrés Rojas-Morales 1 & Mateo Marín-Martnez 2 PLATINUM 1 Postgrado en Ecología Tropical, Insttuto de Ciencias Ambientales y Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los OPEN ACCESS Andes, Núcleo La Hechicera, 5101, Mérida, Venezuela. 1 Associate researcher Museo de Historia Natural, Centro de Museos, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 58 # 21-50, A. A. 275, Manizales, Colombia. 2 Grupo de Ecología y Diversidad de Anfbios y Reptles, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 # 26-10, A. A. 275, Manizales, Colombia. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected] Abstract: We present an assessment on compositon, diversity and structure of amphibians in three zones along an elevaton gradient (2,400–3,000 m) in the Central Cordillera of Colombia. For this purpose, we carried out two feld trips in November 2014 and February 2015, covering rainy and dry seasons, respectvely. Diurnal (08:00–12:00 h) and nocturnal (18:00–22:00 h) visual encounter surveys were made without spatal restrictons. The diversity for each zone (alpha) and for the entre landscape (gamma) was evaluated by the efectve number of species, and the structure of the communites was analyzed by range-abundance curves. The inequality factor for each of the sampling zones was also calculated. A total of 15 species belonging to seven genera and three families were recorded, all of the order Anura. Craugastoridae with 11 species (73.3% of richness) and Pristmants (eight species) were the most diverse family and genus, respectvely. The average alpha diversity per zone was 6.6 efectve species, with zone A being the most diverse with eight species. In terms of beta diversity we found 2.5 efectve communites at the landscape level, and diferences between zones are given by the rare species, while the most abundant ones (e.g., Pristmants uranobates) are shared between them. It is presumed that the greater diversity of zone A is due to the lower elevaton and beter state of conservaton if compared to the other two zones. Of the total species recorded, three are threatened with extncton: Endangered (Hypodactylus latens, Osornophryne percrassa), and Critcally Endangered (Niceforonia adenobrachia). The fnding of three yet undescribed species is highlighted. Keywords: Andean landscapes, diversity, endemic species, threatened amphibians. DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4075.11.3.13261-13277 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0E9C1E7D-CC3E-45DA-A250-4970233C1168 Editor: Mirco Solé, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Salobrinho, Brazil. Date of publicaton: 26 February 2019 (online & print) Manuscript details: #4075 | Received 12 February 2018 | Final received 24 January 2019 | Finally accepted 02 February 2019 Citaton: Rojas-Morales, J.A. & M. Marin-Martnez (2019). Diversity, structure and natural history of amphibians in the upper Claro River basin, a bufer zone of the Na- tonal Natural Park Los Nevados, Central Cordillera of Colombia. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(3): 13261–13277; htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4075.11.3.13261-13277 Copyright: © Rojas-Morales & Marin-Martnez 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: Central Hidroeléctrica de Caldas S.A. E.S.P (CHEC); Universidad de Caldas. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Author Contributon: Both authors made an equal contributon to this research. For Spanish abstract and Author Details see end of this artcle. Acknowledgements: Special thanks to Alexandra Jaramillo (La Laguna Hostel) for providing lodging, food and work space during our feld work periods. Thanks to Daniela Gómez and Camilo Morales for supportng us in the feld work during the frst outng, to César Duque Castrillón for providing us with some of his photographs, to Julián Adolfo Salazar (MHN-UCa) for the work space in the laboratory of the Natural History Museum of the University of Caldas, to Sergio Escobar for his help with the preparaton of the study area map. This work is the product of the project “Línea base biótca para el proyecto geotérmico del valle de Nereidas-CHEC”, supported by the Central Hidroeléctrica de Caldas S.A. E.S.P (CHEC) and developed by the University of Caldas. Thanks to Nancy Aydeé Rojas, Fernando Vargas Salinas (University of Quindío), Aldemar Acevedo (University of Pamplona), and Cristna Aristzábal (Natonal Natural Parks of Colombia) for their observatons and comments on the manuscript. 13261 Natural history of amphibians in upper Claro River basin Rojas-Morales & Marin-Martnez INTRODUCTION Osorno et al. 2011), the metrics used are not the most appropriate because they do not represent the diversity The study of biodiversity in the mega-diverse per se of the communites. Indexes such as Shannon or countries is a conditon without which development Simpson dominance are measures of entropy, but do models could not be implemented in a sustainable not correspond with the number of efectve elements manner (Erhlich & Wilson 1991; Adams et al. 2004; that make up a biological community. For that reason Greene et al. 2005). Therefore, to carry out research it is difcult to interpret and compare results from that generates knowledge about diversity, distributon, diferent studies with this mathematcal applicaton uses and threats to biodiversity, it is an obligaton to (Ricota 2003; Jost 2006; Moreno et al. 2011). Only untl delineate these models at diferent scales. Colombia very recent years, a diferent approach has been used is characterized by its high biodiversity, highlightng to measure the diversity (including amphibians), taking a considerable richness of anuran amphibians (757 into account the conversion of indexes into values of species with 354 endemics; Acosta & Cuentas 2018), number of efectve species, to represent the species being the second richest amphibian country in the world diversity (Jost 2006; Rös et al. 2012; Acevedo et al. 2016; afer Brazil (Frost 2017). Contrary to this, near to 28% Méndez-Narváez & Bolívar-G 2016; Vargas-Salinas & of Colombian amphibian species are threatened with Aponte-Guterrez 2016; Casas-Pinilla et al. 2017). The extncton (Acosta & Cuentas 2018) due to diferent approach proposed by Jost (2006) is more efectve to factors, such as climate change, habitat transformaton, account diversity, because results are given in number of chytridiomycosis, and introducton of exotc species species, which facilitates interpretaton of results. (Stuart et al. 2008). The highest proporton of threatened In this paper we present an analysis of amphibian species is concentrated in the Andean region, where the diversity and structure, between three zones of an greatest diversity occurs with more than 400 species Andean river in the Central Cordillera of Colombia. (Lynch et al. 1997; Acosta 2000; Katan et al. 2004; We follow Jost’s proposal (Jost 2006) for the analysis Bernal & Lynch 2008; Acosta & Cuentas 2018). of species diversity, assuming the efectve number of Located in Central Cordillera and delimited from species as the diversity measurement. In additon, we east to west by the basins of the Magdalena and provide informaton on natural history, distributon, and Cauca rivers, respectvely, the department of Caldas is identfcaton of the threatened species encountered
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