DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,968,522 B2 Xu Et Al

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,968,522 B2 Xu Et Al USOO8968522B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,968,522 B2 Xu et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Mar. 3, 2015 (54) RECOVERY OF BUTANOL ISOMERS FROM (58) Field of Classification Search A MIXTURE OF BUTANOL ISOMERS, USPC ............. 203/4, 14, 18, 50, 51, 57, 60, 61, 62, WATER, AND AN ORGANIC EXTRACTANT 203/63, 78,80; 568/913, 918 See application file for complete search history. (75) Inventors: Yihui Tom Xu, Newark, DE (US); William D. Parten, Wilmington, DE (56) References Cited (US) U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Butamax Advanced Biofuels LLC, 4,428,798 A * 1/1984 Zudkevitch et al. ............ 203/18 Wilmington, DE (US) 4,511.437 A * 4, 1985 Hecket al. ...................... 2O3/19 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (Continued) patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 261 days. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS This patent is Subject to a terminal dis WO 2008143704 11, 2008 claimer. WO WO 2009/O13160 1, 2009 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (21) Appl. No.: 12/834,915 Roffler, et al., “Extractive fermentation of acetone and butanol: pro (22) Filed: Jul. 13, 2010 cess design and economic evaluation'. Biotechnology Progress, vol. 3, No. 3, 1987, pp. 131-140. (65) Prior Publication Data (Continued) US 2011 FO162953 A1 Jul. 7, 2011 Primary Examiner — Virginia Manoharan Related U.S. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT (60) Provisional application No. 61/225,659, filed on Jul. 15, 2009. A process for recovering butanol from a mixture of a water immiscible organic extractant, water, butanol, and optionally (51) Int. C. a noncondensable gas, is provided. The butanol is selected BOID 3/40 (2006.01) from 1-butanol, isobutanol, and mixtures thereof An over CD7C29/84 (2006.01) head stream from a first distillation column is decanted into two liquid phases. The wet butanol phase is returned to the (Continued) first distillation column as reflux. A bottom stream from the (52) U.S. C. first distillation column is refined in a second distillation CPC ................ BOID3/143 (2013.01); C07C29/84 column to obtain a second overhead stream and a second (2013.01); B0ID3/002 (2013.01); C07C29/80 bottoms stream. The extractant may be C7 to C fatty alco (2013.01); C07C29/86 (2013.01) hols, C, to C fatty acids, esters of C, to C fatty acids, C, to USPC ................... 203/50; 203/51; 203/60; 203/61; C fatty aldehydes, and mixtures thereof. 203/62; 203/63; 203/78; 203/80; 203/14: 203/18: 203/57:568/913:568/916 14 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets US 8,968,522 B2 Page 2 (51) Int. Cl. plasmids from Lactobacillus pantarum'. Applied and Environmental CD7C29/86 (2006.01) Microbiology, vol. 71, No. 3, Mar. 2005, p. 1223-1230. C07C3L/2 (2006.01) Ezei et al., "Bioproduction of butanol from biomass: from genes to BOID 3/4 (2006.01) bioreactors'. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, London, GB, vol. BOID 3/00 (2006.01) 18, No. 3, Jun. 8, 2007, pp. 220-227. C07C 29/80 (2006.01) Griffith et al., “1-butanol extraction with vegetable-oil fatty-acid esters', Jan. 1, 1983, Developments in Industrial Microbiology, (56) References Cited Elsevier Science BV. Amsterdam, NL, pp. 795-800. U.S. Appl. No. 12/758,870, filed Apr. 13, 2010. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS International Search Report and Written Opinion in corresponding PCT/US2010/042092 mailed Feb. 16, 2010. 4,636.284 A * 1/1987 English et al. .................. 203/18 Oudshoorn, et al., Assessment of Options for Selective 1-Butanol 4,784,668 A * 1 1/1988 Breitschaft et al. ........ 106,3148 Recovery from Aqueous Solution, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48:7325 4,865,973 A 9/1989 Kollerup et al. T336 2009. 4.978.430 A * 12/1990 Nakagawa et al. ............. 203/14 Groot, et al., Technologies for Butanol Recovery Integrated with 5,985,100 A * 1 1/1999 Aron et al. ......... ... 203,74 Fermentations, Process Biochem. 27:61-75, 1992. 7,128,814 B2 * 10/2006 Beckmann et al. ............... 2O3/2 Roffler, et al., In situ Extractive Fermentation of Acetone and 7,311,813 B2 12/2007 Reyneke et al. 2007/00929.57 A1 4/2007 Donaldson et al. Butanol, Bitechnol. Bioeng. 31:135-143, 1988. 2008/O132741 A1* 6/2008 D'Amore et al. ............. 568,840 Schugerl, Integrated Processing of Biotechnology Products, 2009/0030537 A1 1, 2009 Harle Biotechnol. Adv. 18:581-599, 2000. 2009/0305370 A1 12/2009 Grady et al. Shi, et al., Performance Evaluation of Acetone-Butanol Continuous 2010, 0221802 A1 9/2010 Grady et al. Flash Extractive Fermentation Process, Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 2011/OO97773 A1 4/2011 Grady et al. 27:175-183, 2005. Roffler, et al., In-situ recovery ofbutanol during fermentation, Part 1: OTHER PUBLICATIONS Batch extractive fermentation, Bioprocess Engineer. 2:1-12, 1987. Evans, et al., Enhancement of Butanol Formation by Clostridium Vane, “Separation technologies for the recovery and dehydration of acetobutylicum in the Presence of Decanol-Oleyl Alcohol Mixed alcohols from fermentation broths”, Biofuels, Bioproducts & Extractants, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:1662-1667, 1988. Biorefining, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., GB, vol. 2, No. 6, Nov. 1, 2008, pp. 553-588 Van Kranenburg et al., “Functional anaylsis of three * cited by examiner U.S. Patent Mar. 3, 2015 Sheet 1 of 2 US 8,968,522 B2 U.S. Patent Mar. 3, 2015 Sheet 2 of 2 US 8,968,522 B2 US 8,968,522 B2 1. 2 RECOVERY OF BUTANOL SOMERS FROM In one aspect, the present invention is a process comprising A MIXTURE OF BUTANOL ISOMERS, the steps: WATER, AND AN ORGANIC EXTRACTANT a) introducing a feed comprising: (i) a water-immiscible organic extractant, CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED (ii) water, APPLICATIONS (iii) at least one isomer ofbutanol, and (iv) optionally a non-condensable gas This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Pro into a first distillation column, wherein the first distillation visional Patent Application 61/225,659, filed Jul. 15, 2009, 10 column comprises a stripping section and optionally a recti the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference. fying section at an introduction point above the stripping section, the first distillation column having an operating tem perature. T and an operating pressure P at a predetermined FIELD OF THE INVENTION point in the stripping section, wherein T and P are selected 15 to produce a first bottoms stream and a first vaporous over Processes for recovering butanol from a butanol-contain head stream, the first bottoms stream comprising the water ing organic phase obtained from an extractive fermentation immiscible organic extractant and butanol and being Substan process are provided. Specifically, processes for separating tially free of water, and the first vaporous overhead stream butanol from a mixture comprising butanol, water, a water comprising water, butanol, and the optional non-condensable immiscible organic extractant, and optionally a non-condens gaS able gas, are provided. b) condensing the first vaporous overhead stream to pro duce a gas phase and recover a first mixed condensate, BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION wherein the first mixed condensate comprises (i) a butanol phase comprising butanol, less than about Butanol is an important industrial chemical with a variety 25 30 wt % water; and of applications, such as use as a fuel additive, as a blend (ii) an aqueous phase comprising water and less than component to diesel fuel, as a feedstock chemical in the about 10 wt % of butanol: plastics industry, and as a foodgrade extractant in the food and c) introducing at least a portion of the aqueous phase to the flavor industry. Each year 10 to 12 billion pounds of butanol first distillation column; are produced by petrochemical means. As the projected 30 d) introducing a first portion of the butanol phase into a demand for butanol increases, interest in producing butanol Second distillation column having at least a stripping from renewable resources Such as corn, Sugar cane, or cellu section; and losic feeds by fermentation is expanding. e) introducing a first portion of the first bottoms stream into In a fermentative process to produce butanol, in situ prod 35 a second distillation column having at least a stripping uct removal advantageously reduces butanol inhibition of the section and optionally a rectifying section and operating microorganism and improves fermentation rates by control the second distillation column to produce a second bot ling butanol concentrations in the fermentation broth. Tech toms stream comprising the extractant and being Sub nologies for in situ product removal include stripping, stantially free ofbutanol, and a second vaporous over adsorption, pervaporation, membrane solvent extraction, and 40 head stream comprising butanol: liquid-liquid extraction. In liquid-liquid extraction, an extrac wherein the extractant preferentially dissolves butanol over tant is contacted with the fermentation broth to partition the water and is separable from butanol by distillation. butanol between the fermentation broth and the extractant phase. The butanol and the extractant are recovered by a BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES separation process, for example by distillation. In the recov 45 ery process, the butanol can also be separated from any water, FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a system useful for non-condensable gas, and/or fermentation by-products which practicing the process of the invention. may have been removed from the fermentation broth through FIG. 2 illustrates a process Schematic diagram used in use of the extractant. modeling the process of the invention. Processes for recovering butanol from the butanol-contain 50 ing extractant phase obtained by in situ product removal from a fermentation broth are sought. Economical processes for DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION recovering butanol substantially free of water and of the extractant are desired.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ( 12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No .: US 10,751,310 B2 Freeman Et Al
    US010751310B2 ( 12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No .: US 10,751,310 B2 Freeman et al . ( 45 ) Date of Patent : Aug. 25 , 2020 ( 54 ) PREVENTION , TREATMENT AND ( 56 ) References Cited REVERSAL OF DISEASE USING THERAPEUTICALLY EFFECTIVE U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS AMOUNTS OF DICARBOXYLIC ACID 3,527,789 A 9/1970 Payne COMPOUNDS 4,166,913 A 9/1979 Kesling , Jr. et al . 6,528,499 B1 * 3/2003 Kozikowski C07C 59/347 ( 71 ) Applicant: UNIVERSITY OF 514/574 8,324,277 B2 12/2012 Freeman PITTSBURGH — OF THE 8,735,449 B2 5/2014 Freeman COMMONWEALTH SYSTEM OF 9,066,902 B2 6/2015 Freeman et al . HIGHER EDUCATION , Pittsburgh , 9,186,408 B2 11/2015 Freeman et al . PA (US ) 9,700,534 B2 7/2017 Freeman et al . 9,750,725 B2 9/2017 Freeman et al . 10,213,417 B2 2/2019 Freeman et al . ( 72 ) Inventors : Bruce A. Freeman , Pittsburgh , PA 10,258,589 B2 4/2019 Freeman et al . ( US ) ; Francisco J. Schopfer , 2015/0018417 Al 1/2015 Freeman et al . Pittsburgh , PA ( US ) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS ( 73 ) Assignee : University of Pittsburgh — of the CN 103705499 4/2014 Commonwealth System of Higher DE 102011118462 5/2013 Education , Pittsburgh , PA ( US ) GB 1153464 5/1969 WO WO 2002/022627 3/2002 WO WO 2009/017802 2/2009 ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this WO WO 2009/112455 9/2009 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 WO WO 2010/005521 1/2010 U.S.C. 154 ( b ) by 0 days . WO WO 2010/014889 2/2010 WO WO 2011/014261 2/2011 WO WO 2013/116753 8/2013 ( 21 ) Appl.
    [Show full text]
  • Production of Butanol by Clostridium Acetobutyucum in Extractive Fermentation System
    PRODUCTION OF BUTANOL BY CLOSTRIDIUM ACETOBUTYUCUM IN EXTRACTIVE FERMENTATION SYSTEM Shigeo ISHII, Masahito TAYA and Takeshi KOBAYASHI Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464 Key Words: Biochemical Engineering, Extractive Fermentation, Butanol Production, Aliphatic Alcohol, Clostridium acetobutylicum Anextractive fermentation system was developed to prevent end-product inhibition of Clostridium aceto- butylicum IAM 19012, which mainly produces butanol and acetone. Butanol exhibited greater toxicity to the microorganism than acetone, and its growth was completely inhibited above 10 kg/m3 of butanol. As an extracting solvent suitable for acetone-butanol fermentation, oleyl alcohol (cw-9-octadecen-l-ol) and C-20 guerbet alcohol (branched-chain alcohol of carbon number, 20) were selected from among29 organic compounds, based on their nontoxicity to the microorganism. These two solvents had high partition coefficients for butanol, and could be reused without deterioration. In fermentation with the solvent (solvent phase : aqueous phase=2 : 5 (v/v)), the viability of the microorganism was resumed by the liquid-liquid extraction of butanol from the broth, and the amount of butanol produced was 2.6 times that in fermentation without extraction. tation by liquid-liquid extraction. To date, a few Intr oduction studies on extractive fermentation have been carried Microbial production of acetone and butanol is a out for ethanol fermentation by yeast.5'10'18) traditional fermentation process. After World War II, The aim of the present study is to develop a new however, the fermentation process for acetone- strategy which combines both physical liquid-liquid butanol production was superseded by chemical extraction and biological fermentation processes, and synthetic processes using petroleum-based feed- furthermore to achieve improved production of bu- stocks, except for a fermentation plant in South Africa.15) tanol and acetone by extractive fermentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Listed Below Are All of the Revised Titles in the Description and Solubility Reference Table of USP 36-NF 31 Second Supplement
    Listed below are all of the revised titles in the Description and Solubility reference table of USP 36-NF 31 Second Supplement. For additional information please see general information chapter Excipient Performance <1059> and USP and NF Excipients, Listed by Functional Category, published in the USP 36- NF 31 Second Supplement. Acacia Carbomer Interpolymer Acetic Acid Carbon Dioxide Glacial Acetic Acid Carboxymethylcellulose Calcium Adipic Acid Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Agar Enzymatically-Hydrolyzed Alcohol Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Alfadex Carmellose Alginic Acid Carrageenan Almond Oil Castor Oil Aluminum Monostearate Hydrogenated Castor Oil Aluminum Oxide Cellaburate Amino Methacrylate Copolymer Cellacefate Aminobenzoic Acid Cellulose Acetate Strong Ammonia Solution Microcrystalline Cellulose Ammonio Methacrylate Copolymer Silicified Microcrystalline Cellulose Ammonio Methacrylate Copolymer Dispersion Powdered Cellulose Ammonium Carbonate Cetostearyl Alcohol Ammonium Chloride Cetyl Alcohol Ammonium Phosphate Cetyl Esters Wax Anethole Cetylpyridinium Chloride Behenoyl Polyoxylglycerides Chlorobutanol Benzaldehyde Chloroxylenol Benzalkonium Chloride Cholesterol Benzyl Alcohol Anhydrous Citric Acid Benzyl Benzoate Citric Acid Monohydrate Betadex Coconut Oil Betadex Sulfobutyl Ether Sodium Hydrogenated Coconut Oil Boric Acid Copovidone Butane Corn Syrup Calcium Acetate Corn Syrup Solids Calcium Carbonate Creatinine Calcium Chloride Croscarmellose Sodium Calcium Hydroxide Crospovidone Calcium Lactate Denatonium Benzoate Dibasic
    [Show full text]
  • Official Journal of the European Communities on the Hygiene Of
    No L 21 /42 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 27 . 1 . 96 COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 96/3/EC of 26 January 1 996 granting a derogation from certain provisions of Council Directive 93/43/EEC on the hygiene of foodstuffs as regards the transport of bulk liquid oils and fats by sea (Text with EEA relevance) THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, whereas the measures provided for in this Directive are in compliance with the opinion of the Standing Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Committee for Foodstuffs, Community, Having regard to Council Directive 93/43/EEC of 14 June 1993 on the hygiene of foodstuffs ('), and in parti­ HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE : cular Article 3 (3) thereof, Whereas information shows that the application of the second subparagraph of paragraph 2 of Chapter IV of the Article 1 Annex to Directive 93/43/EEC relating to the transport of bulk foodstuffs in liquid, granulate or powdered form in This Directive derogates from the second subparagraph of receptacles and/or containers/tankers reserved for the paragraph 2 of Chapter IV of the Annex to Directive transport of foodstuffs, is not practical and imposes an 93/43/EEC and lays down equivalent conditions to ensure unduly onerous burden on food business when applied to the protection of public health and the safety and whole­ the transport in sea-going vessels of liquid oils and fats someness of the foodstuffs concerned . intended for, or likely to be used for, human consump­ tion ; Article 2 Whereas, however, it is necessary to ensure that the granting of a derogation provides equivalent protection to public health, by attaching conditions to the terms of 1 .
    [Show full text]
  • Hexanol Biosynthesis from Syngas by Clostridium Carboxidivorans P7 Is Enhanced by In‑Line Extraction with a Biocompatible Solvent to Avoid Product Toxicity
    Hexanol biosynthesis from syngas by Clostridium carboxidivorans P7 is enhanced by in‐line extraction with a biocompatible solvent to avoid product toxicity Patrick Kottenhahn Fraunhofer-Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie Gabriele Philipps Fraunhofer-Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie Stefan Jennewein ( [email protected] ) Fraunhofer-Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 1625-5484 Research Keywords: oleyl alcohol, product toxicity, bioeconomy, carbon xation, C1 compounds, Clostridium ljungdahlii, in situ extraction, biofuels Posted Date: February 18th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.23824/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/17 Abstract Background Clostridium carboxidivorans P7 has the rare ability to metabolize syngas – a mixture of H2, CO and CO2 – by converting it directly into industrially relevant alcohols (hexanol, butanol and ethanol) and the corresponding acids (caproate, butyrate and acetate). The product titers and ratios are highly dependent on the fermentation parameters and the composition of the syngas and growth medium. The hexanol titers produced by C. carboxidivorans P7 have recently been improved by optimizing these conditions, but little is known about the toxicity of hexanol towards Clostridium species. We hypothesized that the hexanol titers currently produced by C. carboxidivorans P7 are limited by product toxicity. Results We tested our hypothesis by exposing C. carboxidivorans P7 to different concentrations of hexanol and found that growth inhibition started at 10–12 mM, with an IC50 of 17.5 ± 1.6 mM. The presence of 20 mM hexanol was acutely toxic to C.
    [Show full text]
  • OLEYL ALCOHOL Alcohol Oleicus OLIVE LEAF Oleae Folium
    Oleyl alcohol EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 5.0 — arachidic acid: not more than 2.0 per cent, Composition of fatty alcohols. Gas chromatography — eicosenoic acid:notmorethan2.0percent. (2.2.28): use the normalisation procedure. Ethylene oxide and dioxan (2.4.25). Not more than 1 ppm Test solution. Mix 25 mg of the substance to be examined of ethylene oxide and 10 ppm of dioxan. with 1.0 ml of methylene chloride R. Heavy metals (2.4.8). 2.0 g complies with limit test C for Reference solution (a). Dissolve 25 mg of each of arachidyl heavy metals (10 ppm). Prepare the standard using 2 ml of alcohol R, linolenyl alcohol R, linoleyl alcohol R, oleyl lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb) R. alcohol R, palmityl alcohol R and stearyl alcohol R in methylene chloride R and dilute to 5 ml with the same Water (2.5.12). Not more than 1.0 per cent, determined solvent. Dilute 1 ml of this solution to 5 ml with methylene on 1.0 g by the semi-micro determination of water. Use chloride R. amixtureof30volumesofanhydrous methanol R and Reference solution (b). Dissolve 10 mg of linoleyl alcohol R 70 volumes of methylene chloride R as solvent. and 1 g of oleyl alcohol R in methylenechlorideRand Total ash (2.4.16). Not more than 0.1 per cent, determined dilute to 40 ml with the same solvent. on 1.0 g. Column: STORAGE — size: l =30m,Ø=0.32mm, Store protected from light and at room temperature. — stationary phase: poly(dimethyl)siloxane R (film thickness 1 µm).
    [Show full text]
  • Oleyl Alcohol
    Oleyl alcohol Product Number O 8880 Storage Temperature -0 °C Product Description Precautions and Disclaimer Molecular Formula: C18H36O For Laboratory Use Only. Not for drug, household or Molecular Weight: 268.5 other uses. CAS Number: 143-28-2 Density: 0.850 g/ml (20 °C)1 Preparation Instructions Melting Point: 13-19 °C1 This product is miscible in chloroform (0.1 ml/ml, v/v), Synonyms: (Z)-9-octadecen-1-ol, yielding a clear, colorless solution. It is also miscible 1 cis-9-octadecen-1-ol, ocenol1 in alcohol and ether. This product is prepared by synthetic reduction of References plant-derived oleic acid. 1. The Merck Index, 12th ed., Entry# 6968. 2. Lee, P. J., et al., Novel microemulsion enhancer Oleyl alcohol is a long-chain aliphatic alcohol that formulation for simultaneous transdermal delivery occurs naturally in fish oils. It is used in such large- of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Pharm. scale applications as the softening and lubrication of Res., 20(2), 264-269 (2003). textile fabrics, and the production of carbon paper, 3. Sudimack, J. J., et al., A novel pH-sensitive stencil paper, and printing ink. Oleyl alcohol is also liposome formulation containing oleyl alcohol. utilized as an antifoam agent and cutting lubricant. It Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1564(1), 31-37 (2002). also is a precursor for the preparation of its sulfuric 4. Tsujita, T., et al., Regulation of carboxylester ester derivatives, which are used in detergents and lipase adsorption to surfaces. 2. Physical state wetting agents.1 specificity. Biochemistry. 1987 Dec 15;26(25):8430-8434 (1987).
    [Show full text]
  • OLEYL ALCOHOL Alcohol Oleicus OSELTAMIVIR PHOSPHATE
    EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 7.1 Oseltamivir phosphate 04/2011:2073 Temperature : Time Temperature OLEYL ALCOHOL (min) (°C) Column 0-1 170 → Alcohol oleicus 1-9 170 210 9-65 210 DEFINITION Injection port 270 Mixture of unsaturated and saturated long-chain fatty alcohols Detector 280 consisting mainly of octadec-9-enol (oleyl alcohol and elaidyl Detection:flameionisation. alcohol; C18H36O; Mr 268.5). It may be of vegetable or animal origin. Injection:1μL. Identify the peaks using the chromatogram obtained with CHARACTERS reference solution (a). Appearance: colourless or light yellow liquid. Relative retention with reference to oleyl alcohol (retention time = about 30 min): palmityl alcohol = about 0.6; linolenyl alcohol = about 0.8; linoleyl alcohol = about 0.9; stearyl IDENTIFICATION alcohol = about 1.1; arachidyl alcohol = about 1.9 (elaidyl A.Hydroxylvalue(seeTests). alcohol co-elutes with oleyl alcohol). B. Composition of fatty alcohols (see Tests). System suitability: reference solution (b): — peak-to-valley ratio: minimum 1.2, where Hp =height above the baseline of the peak due to linoleyl alcohol and TESTS Hv = height above the baseline of the lowest point of the Appearance.Thesubstancetobeexaminedisclear(2.2.1)and curve separating this peak from the peak due to oleyl alcohol. not more intensely coloured than reference solution B6 (2.2.2, Limits: Method II). — palmityl alcohol:maximum8.0percent; Refractive index (2.2.6): 1.458 to 1.461, determined at 25 °C. — stearyl alcohol:maximum5.0percent; Cloud point:maximum10°C. — oleyl alcohol (sum of oleyl and elaidyl alcohols): minimum 80.0 per cent; Introduce about 60 g into a cylindrical flat-bottomed container, 30-33.5 mm in internal diameter and 115-125 mm high.
    [Show full text]
  • Important Interactions in Peptide-Based Transfection Agents, Sugars As Chiral Scaffolds, and Molecular Imprinting of Nerve Gases
    IMPORTANT INTERACTIONS IN PEPTIDE-BASED TRANSFECTION AGENTS, SUGARS AS CHIRAL SCAFFOLDS, AND MOLECULAR IMPRINTING OF NERVE GASES By FLORENT ALLAIS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2004 Copyright 2004 by Florent Allais This is dedicated to my parents Nadine and Jacques. This is for Stanislas, especially, who inspires me daily. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank my parents and my grandmother Maria. Their love, support, and understanding are a continuous source of strength. They have always continued to support me in whatever endeavor I choose and I will forever be grateful. I would also like to thank my great-grandmother Alberte, who taught me a lot while I was a child; and my grandfather Georges, whom I didn’t have the joy to really know. I am sure they would be really proud to see the individual I became and where I am now. There are other important persons in my life: Stanislas, the greatest man I could have ever found; my family (although some of them did or still behave in a way that disgusts and upsets me); Nathan, (though I haven’t known him for a long time, I know that we will be friends forever); and finally Xavier, who is someone I won’t forget, in spite of huge misunderstandings about life and relationships. Next I would like to thank Pr. Eric Enholm for being a great advisor, but more importantly an excellent teacher.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Esterification of Phenylpropanoids Versus Hydrophenylpropanoids Acids Catalyzed by Lipase in Organic Solvent Media
    Electronic Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 0717-3458 Vol.10 No.4, Issue of October 15, 2007 © 2007 by Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso -- Chile Received July 20, 2006 / Accepted April 18, 2007 DOI: 10.2225/vol10-issue4-fulltext-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Comparative esterification of phenylpropanoids versus hydrophenylpropanoids acids catalyzed by lipase in organic solvent media Julia Cassani Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calz. del Hueso 1100 Col. Villa Quietud Ciudad de México, 04960, México Tel: 52 55 5483 7255 Fax: 52 55 5483 7237 E-mail: [email protected] Héctor Luna* Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calz. del Hueso 1100 Col. Villa Quietud Ciudad de México, 04960, México Tel: 52 55 5483 7255 Fax: 52 55 5483 7237 E-mail: [email protected] Arturo Navarro Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología Facultad de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México, 04510, México Tel: 52 55 5622 5346 E-mail: [email protected] Edmundo Castillo Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca Morelos 62271, México Tel: 52 55 5622 7909 E-mail: [email protected] Financial support: This project was financed by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) Grant num. 37272-N. Keywords: CAL-B, electronic effects, esterification, lipase, phenylpropanoid. Abbreviations: CAL-B: Candida antarctica lipase B HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography The esterification of phenylpropanoid and Phenylpropanoid acids are compounds widely present in hydrophenylpropanoid acids, catalyzed by candida plants, including many edible vegetable staples.
    [Show full text]
  • Solvent Screening Methodology for in Situ ABE Extractive Fermentation. Helena Gonzalez-Penas, T
    Solvent screening methodology for in situ ABE extractive fermentation. Helena Gonzalez-Penas, T. A. Lu-Chau, Manuel Moreira, J. M. Lema To cite this version: Helena Gonzalez-Penas, T. A. Lu-Chau, Manuel Moreira, J. M. Lema. Solvent screening methodology for in situ ABE extractive fermentation.. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Springer Verlag, 2014, 98 (13), pp.5915-5924. 10.1007/s00253-014-5634-6. hal-01025657 HAL Id: hal-01025657 https://hal-ifp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01025657 Submitted on 18 Jul 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Solvent screening methodology for in situ ABE extractive fermentation H. González-Peñas 1, T.A. Lu-Chau 2, M.T. Moreira 3, J.M. Lema 3 1IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France. 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; 3Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract A systematic solvent screening methodology for the in situ liquid extraction of products from Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol fermentation was developed in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Srinivasan College of Arts and Science Perambalur 621 212 Department of Chemistry
    Srinivasan College of Arts and Science Perambalur 621 212 Department of Chemistry Course Material For II M.Sc Students Subject Code: P16CHE4A Subject: Green Chemistry UNIT-1 Introduction to Green Chemistry Green Chemistry: Green chemistry is defined as environmentally benign chemical synthesis. The synthetic schemes are designed in such a way that there is least pollution to the environment. MOTO of Green Chemistry: It is best to carry out reactions in the aqueous phase. Synthetic methods should be designed in such a way that the starting materials are consumed to the maximum extent in the final product. The reaction should also not generate any toxic by- products. Twelve principles of Green Chemistry: The following basic principles of green chemistry have been formulated: • Prevention of waste/by-products. • Maximum incorporation of the reactants (starting materials and reagents) into the final product. • Prevention or minimization of hazardous products. • Designing of safer chemicals. • Energy requirement for any synthesis should be minimum. • Selecting the most appropriate solvent. • Selecting the appropriate starting materials. • Use of the protecting group should be avoided whenever possible. • Use of catalysts should be preferred wherever possible. • Products obtained should be biodegradable. • The manufacturing plants should be so designed as to eliminate the possibility of accidents during operations. • Strengthening of analytical techniques to control hazardous compounds. i) Prevention of Waste/By-Products It is most advantageous to carry out a synthesis in such a way so that formation of waste (by-products) is minimum or absent. It is especially important because in most of the cases the cost involved in the treatment and disposal of waste adds to the overall production cost.
    [Show full text]