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Renewable Energy Research power to grid during power outages Must synchronize with grid Must match utility power’s Must meet electrical codes Must stop supplying Power Quality Issues • • Safety Issues • • 69 Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl Be Safety Conscious! Be Safety Conscious!

Renewable Energy Research Batteries & power electronic devices store energy Comply with the NEC (National Electric Code) Use good practices for climbing wind turbine towers • • • 70 Slide courtesy of AWEA

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl e Grid” Interconnection... Interconnection... U.S. Department of Energy For More Information on For More Information on

Renewable Energy Research Interstate Renewable Energy Council www.irecusa.org .html Energy System to an Electric Transmission System” Reference Brief (bibliography) 800-DOE- EREC www.eren.doe.gov/consumerinfo/refbriefs/ja7 “Connecting to th “Connecting a Small-Scale Renewable 71 Slide courtesy of AWEA Issues Siting

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl essing permit requirements, Addr Small Wind 103: Overcoming Barriers Overcoming Barriers height restrictions, & environmental concerns

Renewable Energy Research 72 minimum Slide courtesy of AWEA

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass tricting height or requiring

www.ceere.org/rerl Potential Obstacles Potential Obstacles

Renewable Energy Research City, town, or county ordinances res setbacks Building codes and covenants Neighbors’ concerns (visual impact, noise) Potential physical obstacles (growing trees, planned construction) Issues Legal issues • • Environmental • • 73 Slide courtesy of AWEA

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl Tower Height Matters Tower Height Matters

Renewable Energy Research Wind speed increases with height Small increases in wind speed result in large increases in power Tall towers often needed for clearance above obstacles (turbulence) May require a variance or a special use permit Š Š Š Š 74 Slide courtesy of AWEA

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

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Renewable Energy Research Height or Distance Needed 75 Slide courtesy of AWEA ctions are less e Obj Talk to neighbors Spinning blades perceived as useful before seeking permit likely in a rural setting • •

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl Noise & Visual Impact Noise & Visual Impact

Renewable Energy Research whole house 1 acre is a good property size for a Comparable to central Noise levels fall AC unit sharply with distance Improved designs have made machines much quieter • • small wind installation rule-of-thumb minimum capable of powering the 76 Slide courtesy of AWEA

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl to 120-foot towers – ce of energy Raising Awareness r Raising Awareness Increases Acceptance Increases Acceptance g sou s of the equipment in t

Renewable Energy Research Ask your city/county planners to designate small turbines a “permitted” use to allow 80- 35-foot limits often date back to early 1900s quiet, safe, renewable, non-pollu expected decibel level, photograph Emphasize the positive – Supply objective data – • • • 77 Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl Zoning: Zoning: Primarily local code Primarily local code pecial hearing? pecial use ite plan ermitted use e S S S P s i ay require variance – – – – o rawings of tower and foundations/footings eight ertification to national/international standards ngineering analysis, wet or dry stamp? vidence of reliable one-year operation etbacks S E C D E H M Renewable Energy Research – – –N – – – – – Zoning Building code “Approved” wind turbines (design safety) • • • 78 Circular AC 70/7460-2K) (

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl Federal, etc. Federal, etc. Zoning & permitting: Zoning & permitting: ne-line electrical drawings ot a problem for wood or fiberglass blades AA Advisory Circular AC 70/7460-2K nvestigate if within ~2.5 miles of runway nvestigate if within ~2.5 miles of runway O N F I I Renewable Energy Research – – – – – National Electric Code FAA Notice to the utility, and/or interconnection agreement Notice to neighbors TV/radio interference • • • • • 79 Slide courtesy of AWEA

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl .S. DOE Small Wind System U Zoning Issues... Zoning Issues... For More Information on For More Information on eeping Hearings Under Control erceptions/Local Concerns oning Obstacles rials and Tribulations ea.org/faq/sagrillo P K Z T Renewable Energy Research w - - - - w.a www.eren.doe.gov/consumerinfo/refbriefs/ja2.html ww Legal and Safety Issues – Installation Reference Brief AWEA Advice from an Expert • • 80 Slide courtesy of AWEA

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass Issues ions, and environmental concerns

www.ceere.org/rerl Making the numbers work Addressing permit requirements, height restrict Reaching an agreement with your utility Small Wind 102: Economics Small Wind 103: Siting Small Wind 104: Grid Interconnection • • • Expanding the Market for Expanding the Market for Small Wind Energy Systems Small Wind Energy Systems Overcoming Barriers Overcoming Barriers

Renewable Energy Research 81 Slide courtesy of AWEA

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl Making the numbers work Small Wind 102: Economics Overcoming Barriers Overcoming Barriers

Renewable Energy Research 82 Slide courtesy of AWEA

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl watt for typical system smaller initial outlay, but cost more per watt but usually reduce the payback period Estimate $2-4/installed Smaller systems require Taller towers cost more, • • • Installation Costs Installation Costs

Renewable Energy Research can expect a payback period of 8-16 years with average wind speeds of 10 mph or more Customers paying 12 cents/kWh or more for electricity A 4-10 kW system can meet the needs of a typical home 83 Slide courtesy of AWEA about 6 years

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl have net metering and average annual winds of at least 15 mph (6.7 m/s), your system can pay for itself in If you can participate in a California-type 50% buy-down program, Factors Affecting Payback Factors Affecting Payback Renewable Energy Research Type, size and configuration of system Wind resource Local cost of electricity How wind system is used Rebates available, if any • • • • • 84 Slide courtesy of AWEA

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl Handbook for

Energy Renewable Energy Research gov/ordering.gov . Indirect Estimates of Wind Resource Indirect Estimates of Wind Resource Siting sion Systems,” er 553-6847 or Review wind maps Obtain airport data Visually observe site vegetation v “A • • • See Small Wind Con 800- www.ntis 85 / kW Slide courtesy of AWEA

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass 10 kW Units by 2010

www.ceere.org/rerl Bringing Down Costs Bringing Down Costs

Renewable Energy Research Production & Technology Improvements Production & Technology Improvements Costs for small wind turbines are projected to decrease $1.50 86 Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass Examples Examples

www.ceere.org/rerl 5. 5. ™™ ™™

Renewable Energy Research 87 Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl XL installation XL installation Bergey Bergey

Renewable Energy Research 1 kW XL Bergey at James Madison University, Virginia Wind Energy Collaborative 88 Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl XL installation XL installation Bergey Bergey

Renewable Energy Research 89 Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl XL installation XL installation Bergey Bergey

Renewable Energy Research 90 Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl XL installation XL installation Bergey Bergey

Renewable Energy Research 91 Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl XL installation XL installation Bergey Bergey

Renewable Energy Research 92 Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl neighbor is thinking of putting one in. neighbor is thinking of putting one in. – –

Renewable Energy Research Quiet Quiet AWT 3.6 meter, installed July ‘05 AWT 3.6 meter, installed July ‘05 Cape Cod Regional Technical High School Cape Cod Regional Technical High School 93 up tower up tower - -

Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

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Renewable Energy Research Installation, with tilt Installation, with tilt 94 act sheets & links

f Amherst Laboratory, UMass - & &

www.ceere.org/rerl Thanks Thanks For more information For more information

Renewable Energy Research ee also: links on slides for specific topics or more information: S F www.ceere.org/rerl/ clean energy! www.awea.org/smallwind/toolbox/default.asp Co-op Power for organizing this & supporting – – – – – Thanks to - • 95 m

www.awea.org Amherst Laboratory, UMass n

www.ceere.org/rerl o ndandhydro/windpoweringamerica/ www.homepower.co on Small Wind on Small Wind www.chelseagreen.com ideos and articles (see links above) V For More Information For More Information magazine books

Renewable Energy Research ind Energy Basics, Wind Power for Home and writes for Home Power magazine, etc.) Gipe’s W ( Business – – AWEA, small wind turbine secti Home Power Paul Equipment Mfrs http://www.windustry.com/resources/small-scale.htm Interstate Renewable Energy Council & their The Small Wind Web Site http://irecusa.org/smallwindenergy/index.html Wind Powering America http://www.eere.energy.gov/wi Mick Sagrillo’s 96 • • • • • • • • Laboratory, UMass Amherst Laboratory, UMass

www.ceere.org/rerl Sally Wright, PE [email protected] 413-545-4359 Your Questions Your Questions 5. 5.

Renewable Energy Research ™™ ™™ 97