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Catálogo De Especies Entomopatógenos

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Catálogo De Especies Entomopatógenos DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE SANIDAD VEGETAL CENTRO NACIONAL DE REFERENCIA FITOSANITARIA SUBDIRECCIÓN DE CONTROL BIOLÓGICO COLECCIÓN DE HONGOS CATÁLOGO DE ESPECIES ENTOMOPATÓGENOS SOCIO WDCM 1034 (WFCC), FELACC SI-53 ÚLTIMA ACTUALIZACIÓN 30-11-2016 Juntos alimentamos el futuro de México. 0 CONTACTO CON EL PERSONAL DE LA COLECCIÓN CATÁLOGO DE ESPECIES Dr. Roberto Montesinos Matías Coordinador, investigador y curador [email protected] [email protected] Dr. Miguel Angel Ayala Zermeño Investigador, curador [email protected] [email protected] Dra. Angélica María Berlanga Padilla Investigador, curador [email protected] [email protected] Ing. José Carlos Rodríguez Rodríguez Personal técnico [email protected] Colección de Hongos Entomopatógenos Centro Nacional de Referencia de Control Biológico, SAGARPA-SENASICA-DGSV Km 1.5 Carretera Tecomán-Estación FFCC, Colonia Tepeyac, Colima, México. C.P. 28110 Tel.: (313) 32 40741, Fax: (313) 32 40745 1 DIRECTORIO DIRECTORIO M.C. José Eduardo Calzada Rovirosa Secretario de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación. M.V.Z. Enrique Sánchez Cruz Director en jefe del Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria. Dr. Francisco Javier Trujillo Arriaga Director General de Sanidad Vegetal M.C. José Abel López Buenfil Director del Centro Nacional de Referencia Fitosanitaria M.C. Hugo César Arredondo Bernal Subdirector de Control Biológico 2 TABLA DE CONTENIDO Presentación ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Interpretación de la información contenida en este catálogo ................................................................. 8 Abreviaturas ............................................................................................................................................. 9 Catálogo ................................................................................................................................................. 10 Género: Beauveria ................................................................................................................................... 10 Género: Metarhizium .............................................................................................................................. 17 Género: Isaria .......................................................................................................................................... 25 Género: Hirsutella .................................................................................................................................... 27 Género: Lecanicillium .............................................................................................................................. 28 Género: Simplicillium ............................................................................................................................... 29 Género: Aschersonia ................................................................................................................................ 29 Género: Purpureocillium .......................................................................................................................... 30 Género: Entomophthora .......................................................................................................................... 30 Género: Cordyceps ................................................................................................................................. 30 Género: Acanthomyces ............................................................................................................................ 31 Género: Gibellulla .................................................................................................................................... 31 Cepas procedentes de ARSEF ................................................................................................................. 32 Anexo histórico de acrónimos ................................................................................................................ 37 Género: Beauveria ................................................................................................................................... 37 Género: Metarhizium .............................................................................................................................. 42 Género: Isaria .......................................................................................................................................... 47 Género: Hirsutella .................................................................................................................................... 49 Género: Lecanicillium .............................................................................................................................. 50 Género: Simplicillium ............................................................................................................................... 50 Género: Aschersonia ................................................................................................................................ 51 Género: Entomophthora .......................................................................................................................... 52 Género: Cordyceps ................................................................................................................................... 52 Género: Acanthomyces ............................................................................................................................ 52 3 Género: Gibellula ..................................................................................................................................... 52 Cepas procedentes de la Agricultural Research Service Collection of Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture (ARSEF) .................................................................................................................................................... 53 Referencias ............................................................................................................................................. 60 4 Presentación El presente documento proporcionar información básica sobre los organismos conservados en la Colección de Hongos Entomopatógenos (CHE) del Centro Nacional de Referencia de Control Biológico (CNRCB), además de su acrónimo, insecto hospedero, tipo de cultivo huesped y origen geográfico, que es de utilidad para propósitos de investigación, docencia, producción masiva y/o desarrollo de micoinsecticidas, entre otras aplicaciones. La colecta de especímenes de hongos entomopatógenos(HE) en campo inició en 1991, a partir del establecimiento del Centro Nacional de Referencia de Control Biológico (CNRCB), en Tecomán, Colima, que tiene como propósito fundamental promover el uso de los enemigos naturales para combatir plagas de insectos que afectan los cultivos agrícolas en México, contribuyendo con ello en la preservación del ambiente y el cuidado de la salud humana, al ofrecer una alternativa ecológica y económica en el control de insectos y ácaros nocivos. En la actualidad la CHE mantiene más de 500 aislados agrupados en 5 géneros que incluye a Beauveria, Metarhizium, Isaria, Lecanicillium, Hirsutella, Aschersonia y Nomuraea ubicados principalmente en el corden Hypocreales en tres familias Clavicipitaceae, Cordycipitaceae y Ophiocordycipitaceae, siendo el más representativo Beauveria bassiana. Las cepas que se encuentran depositadas en la CHE representan un invaluable patrimonio nacional para desarrollar investigación básica y aplicada y contribuir al conocimiento científico y tecnológico en el área de control biológico, que permita establecer las estrategias de control natural más convenientes para una plaga determinada. El CNRCB ha desarrollado tecnología aplicada con algunas cepas que forman la CHE, los cuales son utilizadas en programas de control biológico a nivel nacional. Algunos ejemplo destacados (1) como el uso de una cepa de Metarhizium acridum para la campaña de control de la langosta (Schistocerca piceifrons Walker), una de las plagas agrícolas más importantes en el Sureste de la República Mexicana; (2) una cepa de Isaria javanica para la campaña contra el pulgón café de los cítricos (Toxoptera 5 citricida), principal vector del virus causante de la tristeza de los cítricos; otro caso más reciente es (3) el programa para el control biológico de Diaphorina citri, vector de la bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter spp. agente causal de la enfermedad conocida como Huanglongbing (HLB), el cual esta afectando la citricultura nacional. Actualmente está en desarrollo otros programas de control microbiano, en la búsqueda de alternativas de sanidad vegetal compatibles con el ambiente. En la operación de la CHE se están implementando los lineamientos especificados por la Federación Mundial de Colecciones de Cultivo (World Federation for Culture Collection (WFCC) (http://www.wfcc.info/), para garantizar su manejo con un nivel de calidad sustentable. Bajo estos lineamientos la CHE se afilió a la World Data Centre for Microorganisms (WDCM, 1034/CHE-CNRCB), asimismo es socio institucional de la Federación Latinoamericana de Colecciones de Cultivo (FELACC, SI-53). Dentro de los propósitos primordiales sobre las actividades de conservación de los aislados, está el de respaldar en dos técnicas de conservación, al emplear
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