DOCSLIB.ORG

Incidence of Neonatal Hyperphenylalaninemia Based on High‑Performance Liquid Chromatography Confirmatory Technique in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran (2007–2015)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Incidence of Neonatal Hyperphenylalaninemia Based on High‑Performance Liquid Chromatography Confirmatory Technique in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran (2007–2015) [Downloaded free from http://www.ijpvmjournal.net on Monday, November 27, 2017, IP: 176.102.233.15] Original Article Incidence of Neonatal Hyperphenylalaninemia Based on High‑performance Liquid Chromatography Confirmatory Technique in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran (2007–2015) Abstract Ali Abbaskhanian1,2, Background: Classic phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder. The purpose of this study Daniel Zamanfar1,3, was to assess epidemiological factors of PKU phenotypes in a neonatal screening program for Parvaneh Mazandaran, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive‑retrospective study from 2007 to 2015, neonates 4 PKU level was conducted by phenylalanine level based on a biochemical technique by ELISA and Afshar , Einollah 5 then by confirmatory methods high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Of the 407,244 Asadpoor , Hamed screened newborns (48.7% girls and 51.3% boys), 14 girls and 13 boys were diagnosed definitely Rouhanizadeh1,6, from 465 suspicious cases of PKU. The incidence of PKU was 0.66 in 10,000, which was noted in Ali Jafarnia7, different severity (severe PKU ‑ 1:67,874, mild PKU ‑ 1:45,249, and HPA ‑ 1:33,937). In addition, Mohammad we did not detect any cases of nonclassic PKU. Conclusions: Although the consanguineous marriage 8 pattern is a major cause of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) particularly in Iranian, there was no Shokzadeh 1 significant difference between groups in this study. Now, screening should be executed for all of the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mazandaran family that they have the familial history of PKU in Iran. According to varies actual of prevalence University of Medical Sciences, and incidence rate of PKU reported a real patient and taking PKU with mild PKU and HPA, it is Sari, Iran, 2Clinical Research recommended, the will provide the PKU reports based on the severity of the disease. Development Unit of Bou Ali‑Sina Hospital, Mazandaran Keywords: Chromatography high‑pressure liquid, Iran, neonatal screening, phenylketonurias University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, 3Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University and deficiency of its cofactor THB causes of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Introduction 4Research and Development Unit malignant PKU.[10] If the serum tyrosine Phenylalanine (Phe) is an essential of Referral Laboratory, Deputy of and urine THB levels were normal and Health Management, Mazandaran amino acid. The phenylalanine sera phenylalanine levels were ≥20 mg/dl, University of Medical Sciences, hydroxylase (PheOH or PHA) enzyme Sari, Iran, 5Deputy of Health, between 10 and 20 mg/dl, and between and its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (THB) Mazandaran University of Medical 2 and 10 mg/dl, the newborns were Sciences, Sari, Iran, 6Deputy of catalyze the conversion of phenylalanine diagnosed as having severe PKU, mild Health Management, Mazandaran to tyrosine, and their deficiency results in University of Medical Sciences, PKU, and hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), 7 accumulation of phenylalanine in body Sari, Iran, Deputy of Health, [4] Babol University of Medical [1,2] respectively. fluids and central nervous system. In Sciences, Babol, Iran, 8Department affected patients, excessive phenylalanine There are several methods to PKU of Pharmacology, Faculty of is metabolized to phenyl ketones that are identify in blood‑dried specimens Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran excreted in the urine.[3,4] The PAH gene is (DBS) screening laboratory; such located on the long arm of chromosome as fluorometric,[11] enzymatic, 12 in the region q22‑q24. In 98% of PKU colorimetric,[8,12] high‑performance liquid patients, defects of the PAH enzyme are chromatographic (HPLC),[8,13] and more Address for correspondence: due to mutations in the PAH gene on recently tandem mass spectrometric Parvaneh Afshar, chromosome 12q23.2.[5,6] In 98% of cases, methods.[14,15] Research and Development Unit of Referral Laboratory, the damages of central nervous system are The first pilot study for the assessment Deputy of Health Management, due to mutations in the gene encoding the of neonatal HPA in Iran was started in Mazandaran University of [4,7,8] Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. enzyme L‑PHA (EC 1.14.16.1). [16] Tehran from 1982, and the first National E‑mail : [email protected] Elevated phenylalanine, if not treated in Neonate Screening Program (NNSP) in Iran Access this article online the 1st days of the life, causes irreversible was begun from 2002 in Fars province[17] Website: brain and mental damages (microcephaly and afterward in Mazandaran Province www.ijpvmjournal.net/www.ijpm.ir [9] and seizures). Deficiency of PHA in 2007, based on the law; all infants DOI: causes severe phenylketonuria (PKU) should be screened for three diseases 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_24_17 Quick Response Code: How to cite this article: Abbaskhanian A, Zamanfar D, This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Afshar P, Asadpoor E, Rouhanizadeh H, Jafarnia A, Creative Commons Attribution‑NonCommercial‑ShareAlike 3.0 et al. Incidence of neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the based on high‑performance liquid chromatography work non‑commercially, as long as the author is credited and the confirmatory technique in Mazandaran Province, new creations are licensed under the identical terms. Northern Iran (2007–2015). Int J Prev Med For reprints contact: [email protected] 2017;8:93. © 2017 International Journal of Preventive Medicine | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 1 [Downloaded free from http://www.ijpvmjournal.net on Monday, November 27, 2017, IP: 176.102.233.15] Abbaskhanian, et al.: Neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia in Mazandaran, Iran including hypothyroidism, PKU, and glucose‑6‑phosphate was <0.08 and for standard 32 concentration was >0.240. dehydrogenase deficiency. As well as, we used blood spot for controls (low and high level) in duplicate form. Acceptable ranges were The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the development for low control spot 1.5–3.4 mg/dl and high control and organization of phenylalanine level in newborn spot 6.5–12.3 mg/dl. Normally (reference limit), screening programs and their limitations and expectations DBS phenylalanine concentrations in neonates ranged in Mazandaran Province in the northeast of Iran (Sari) based from ~1.8 mg/dl to ~3.9 mg/dl. In referral laboratory, on biochemical ELISA and HPLC technique. Its geographical a phenylalanine cutoff point of <4 mg/dl (0.24 mmol/l) coordinates are 36° 34’ 4” North and 53° 3’ 31” East and was used. This cutoff level increases the sensitivity of its original name (with diacritics) is Sari. Mazandaran the screening test and reduces the risk of missing the is located in the Northern Iran and the southern coast of diagnosis of disorders of the phenylalanine metabolism in the Caspian Sea [Figure 1]. It is bordered clockwise by subjects with less pronounced phenylalanine‑circulating Golestan, Semnan, and Tehran Provinces. This province levels at the first investigation. also borders Qazvin and Gilan to the west.[18] Mazandaran province with an area equivalent to 23,842 km2, about All the newborn’s cases with phenylalanine levels >3.9 mg/ 1.46% of the Iran country’s area and eighteenth considered dl initially an additional sample were retested in parallel with in these respect 31 provinces in the country[19] and with the first DBS suspect sample, then reported immediately around 3.1 million inhabitants seventh considered in was re‑tested at the time off between the 9th and 16th day these respect 31 provinces in the country.[20] The probable of life with another DBS specimen collection. Subjects correlation between the PKU values in newborn in with normal phenylalanine concentrations (<3.9 mg/dl) in positive samples and with related potential risk factors and this second DBS specimen were classified as false positives environmental factors was evaluated. and those with a phenylalanine concentration >3.9 mg/ dL as positives. Afterward, they were referred to the Methods pediatric endocrinologist, the scientific adviser of this plan Sample collection in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences for further evaluation. In this descriptive‑retrospective study, total newborns population were screened through an NNSP, in all 21 cities Phenylketonuria analysis in neonatal samples by of Mazandaran in 2007–2015. During the days 3–5 after high‑performance liquid chromatography technique birth, heel blood samples were taken based on Schleicher About 3 mL of the venous blood was obtained in the and Schuell 903 (Bioscience, Germany) papers with heparinized tube from these newborns. Their sera were sent [21] Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute and Ministry for the evaluation of phenylalanine and tyrosine by HPLC [22,23] of Health of Iran newborn PKU Screening Program method. If the serum phenylalanine level was ≥10 mg/dl and protocols by an experienced technician, and the samples tyrosine level was normal, the newborns were diagnosed were sent to the special screening laboratory in the Referral as having HPA. In those with serum phenylalanine levels Laboratory Mazandaran University Medical Science. between 7 and 9.9 mg/dl, another blood sample was Analysis phenylketonuria in neonatal samples by ELISA checked 1 week later, and if the serum phenylalanine levels technique were equal or >7 mg/dl, they were diagnosed definitely as having HPA. The newborns with serum phenylalanine The valid DBS specimens were punched at least 5 mm levels between
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Updating the Hydraena Fauna of Iran, with Descriptions of Eight New Species (Insecta: Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)
    VERNATE 30/2011 S. 185-216 Updating the Hydraena fauna of Iran, with descriptions of eight new species (Insecta: Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) ANDRÉ SKALE & MANFRED A. JÄCH Abstract Wewalka) have been searching for hydraenids in Iran. The Iranian fauna of Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Their samples, most of which are stored in the NMW, Hydraenidae) is updated. Eight species are described as include several undescribed and hitherto unrecorded new for science: H. bakriensis, H. farsensis, H. feryi, H. species of Hydraena. hajeki, H. motzfeldi, H. nurabadensis, H. pesici, and H. Together with some specimens collected by J. Hájek proesei. The latter also occurs in Azerbaijan. Male geni- and various Iranian entomologists (H. Barani, S. Fala- talia, gonocoxite and female tergite X of H. parysatis marzi, H. Nasserzadeh) they form the basis of the pres- Janssens and H. persica Janssens are illustrated for the ent update. In total, eight new species of Hydraena are first time. New distribution data for twelve species are described herein, and four species are recorded from given. Hydraena anatolica Janssens, H. grandis Reit- Iran for the first time. ter, H. khnzoriani Janssens, and H. tauricola Jäch are recorded from Iran for the first time.Hydraena grandis Material, methods and acknowledgements is recorded from Azerbaijan for the first time. The Hy- About 500 specimens of Hydraena from Iran were draena scythica species group is established. examined. A few specimens from neighbouring areas Zusammenfassung (Armenia, Azerbaijan) were studied as well. All speci- Die Kenntnis der iranischen Arten der Gattung Hydraena mens examined are deposited in the following institu- Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) wird aktualisiert.
    [Show full text]
  • A Journey in Mazanderan (From Resht to Sari) Author(S): H
    A Journey in Mazanderan (From Resht to Sari) Author(s): H. L. Rabino Source: The Geographical Journal, Vol. 42, No. 5 (Nov., 1913), pp. 435-454 Published by: geographicalj Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1778726 Accessed: 15-02-2016 16:26 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Wiley and Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Geographical Journal. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 131.172.36.29 on Mon, 15 Feb 2016 16:26:51 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions A JOURNEY IN MAZANDERAN (FROM RESHT TO SARI). 435 mountainous mass rather than a mountain, measuring over 40 miles from north to south and probably nearly as much from east to west. And thus we finally came to the' Government station of Marsabit, which has been admirably laid out in a charming and beautiful situation in the forest overlooking the Crater lake. A JOURNEY IN MAZANDERAN (FROM RESHT TO SARI).* By H. L. RABINO, lately H.B.M. Vice-Consul in Resht.
    [Show full text]
  • The Caspian Horse of Iran
    THE CASPIAN HORSE OF IRAN by Louise Firouz PREFACE Several years ago word spread that a new breed of horse, like a miniature Arabian. had been found on the shores of the Caspian in Iran. In 1965 five Caspian ponies were brought to Louise Firouz in Tehran for riding by her children. Louise Firouz was born in Washington, graduated at Cornell where she studied animal husbandry. classics, and English. In ) '157 she married Narcy Firouz and moved to Tehran where she is occupied in farming and raising horses. Following the arrival of the five Caspians, a three-year survey was begun to search for more of these horses. She covered part of an area from Astara to Pahlevi-Dej located east of the Caspian. About :0 ponies are estimated to live between Babol and Amol (Map 1). Six mares and five stallions were brought to the breeding farm at Norouzabad near Tehran. In 1966 a stud book was established to encourage purity 'Of the strain. Dr. Hosseinion, Tehran Veterinary College, regularly inspects foals and adults. The similarity between the Caspian and the horses pulling the chariot of Darius and the ponies on a bas-relief at Persepolis is significant. The above has been summarized from the illustrated article by Louise Firouz in Animals, June, 1970 (see Bibliography). My interest in horses ancient and modem stems from the Equidtze excavated at Kish, eight miles east of Babylon, by the Field Museum-Oxford University Joint Expedition to Iraq, 1923-34. In 1928 I was one of the Staff members of this Expedition under Field Director Louis Charles Watelin.
    [Show full text]
  • Sawflies (Hym.: Symphyta) of Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum with Four
    Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 2018, 37(4), 381404 ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺣﺸﺮهﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﺮان -404 381 ,(4)37 ,1396 Doi: 10.22117/jesi.2018.115354 Sawflies (Hym.: Symphyta) of Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum with four new records for the fauna of Iran Mohammad Khayrandish1&* & Ebrahim Ebrahimi2 1- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran & 2- Insect Taxonomy Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran 19395-1454, Iran. *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A total of 60 species of Symphyta were identified and listed from the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Iran, of which the species Abia candens Konow, 1887; Pristiphora appendiculata (Hartig, 1837); Macrophya chrysura (Klug, 1817) and Tenthredopsis nassata (Geoffroy, 1785) are newly recorded from Iran. Distribution data and host plants are here presented for 37 sawfly species. Key words: Symphyta, Tenthredinidae, Argidae, sawflies, Iran. زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻢرﯾﺰ ارهاي (Hym.: Symphyta) ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻮزه ﺣﺸﺮات ﻫﺎﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﺮزاﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺰارش ﭼﻬﺎر رﮐﻮرد ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﯾﺮان ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺧﯿﺮاﻧﺪﯾﺶ1و* و اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻤﯽ2 1- ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﻫﻨﺮ، ﮐﺮﻣﺎن و 2- ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ردهﺑﻨﺪي ﺣﺸﺮات، ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ و آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺗﻬﺮان. * ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺒﺎت، ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ: [email protected] ﭼﮑﯿﺪه درﻣﺠﻤﻮع 60 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻢرﯾﺰ ارهاي از ﻣﻮزه ﺣﺸﺮات ﻫﺎﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﺮزاﯾﺎﻧﺲ، اﯾﺮان، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي Macrophya chrysura ،Pristiphora appendiculata (Hartig, 1837) ،Abia candens Konow, 1887 (Klug, 1817) و (Tenthredopsis nassata (Geoffroy, 1785 ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﯾﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ و ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﯿﺰﺑﺎن 37 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻢرﯾﺰ ارهاي اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions Towards a Bryophyte Flora of Iran
    CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A BRYOPHYTE FLORA OF IRAN, NEW RECORDS FROM IRAN W. Frey & H. Klirschner Frey, W. & Kurschner, H. 1983 04 01: Contributions towards a Broyophyte Flora o f Iran, new records from Iran. Iran. Joum. B ot. 2(1): 13-19 . Tehran. 40 additional taxa are reported as new to the bryophyte flora of Iran. They are listed with their localities in this country. Bryogeo- graphical remarks are given on some species. Wolfgang Frey, Botanisches Institut I, Senckenbergstr. 17 - 21, D 6300 Giessen, West Germany. - Harald Kiirschner, Institut fur Biologte I, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D 7400 Tubingen, West Ger­ many. 14 W. Frey & H. Kurschner IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Introduction severely neglected up to now. Some of the species listed are of St®rmer ( 1963 ) published the moss col­ special interest from the bryogeogra- lection made in 1959 by Wendelbo in Iran phical point of view. Jubula hutchinsiae and summarized all known finds up to subsp. Javanica, found in the Caucasus 1962. Frey ( 1974 ) listed all known and in the forests on the southern coast liverworts from Iran. Since this time of the Caspian Sea (Hyrcanian forest only a few papers on the bryophyte area) and Black Sea (Euxine forest area), flora and vegetion o f this country have appears to be a relict o f the late Tertiary been published ( Amell 1963; Frey & and Quaternary. The nearest otherfinds Probst 1973, 1974 a, b; Frey & kiirsch- are in the Himalayas, followed by South­ ner 1977; Tregubov & Tregubov 1969 — east Asia and Oceania (Guercke 1978). 1970). J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Northern Provinces
    Trauma Mon. 2015 February; 20(1): e25730. DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.25730 Editorial Published online 2015 February 25. National Getaways for the Weary Trauma Surgeon; Part 2: The Northern Provinces 1,* Mohammad Hosein Kalantar Motamedi 1Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran *Corresponding author : Mohammad Hosein Kalantar Motamedi, Trauma Research Center, Office of the Editor, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98- 9121937154, Fax: +98-2188053766, E-mail: [email protected] Received: ; Accepted: January 10, 2015 January 15, 2015 Keywords: Trauma; Surgeon; Workload As we all well know, the trauma surgeon is oftentimes Provinces of Northern Iran over-stressed because of high workload and numerous Northern Iran is a trendy spot, especially amongst for- professional responsibilities; thus, it is not surprising eign tourists. It is a resort destination with numerous at- that he or she unknowingly neglects the much-needed tractions and all types of modern recreational facilities occasional release of physical and mental stress. A build- as well as natural resources and a tourism infrastructure. up of stress is detrimental to health and impairs both The major provinces, Gilan and Mazandaran, border the manual and mental function. It has been reported that Caspian’s impressive shorelines and are covered with doctors practicing in stressful medical professions are of- dense forests and snow-covered mountain peaks. The ten over-stressed with limited ability to work efficiently major cities are Amol, Babol, Anzali, Rasht, Calus (also (1-3). It is therefore imperative that surgeons take time Chalous) and Sari. Northern Iran has scenic villages, par- off periodically to get away and release stress.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 27 PODOCES, 2007, 2(2): 77-96 a Century of Breeding Bird Assessment by Western Travellers in Iran, 1876–1977 - Appendix 1 C.S
    PODOCES, 2007, 2(2): 77-96 A century of breeding bird assessment by western travellers in Iran, 1876–1977 - Appendix 1 C.S. ROSELAAR and M. ALIABADIAN Referenced bird localities in Iran x°.y'N x°.y'E °N °E Literature reference province number Ab Ali 35.46 51.58 35,767 51,967 12 Tehran Abadan 30.20 48.15 30,333 48,250 33, 69 Khuzestan Abadeh 31.06 52.40 31,100 52,667 01 Fars Abasabad 36.44 51.06 36,733 51,100 18, 63 Mazandaran Abasabad (nr Emamrud) 36.33 55.07 36,550 55,117 20, 23-26, 71-78 Semnan Abaz - see Avaz Khorasan Abbasad - see Abasabad Semnan Abdolabad ('Abdul-abad') 35.04 58.47 35,067 58,783 86, 88, 96-99 Khorasan Abdullabad [NE of Sabzevar] * * * * 20, 23-26, 71-78 Khorasan Abeli - see Ab Ali Tehran Abiz 33.41 59.57 33,683 59,950 87, 89, 90, 91, 94, 96-99 Khorasan Abr ('Abar') 36.43 55.05 36,717 55,083 37, 40, 84 Semnan Abr pass 36.47 55.00 36,783 55,000 37, 40, 84 Semnan/Golestan Absellabad - see Afzalabad Sistan & Baluchestan Absh-Kushta [at c.: ] 29.35 60.50 29,583 60,833 87, 89, 91, 96-99 Sistan & Baluchestan Abu Turab 33.51 59.36 33,850 59,600 86, 88, 96-99 Khorasan Abulhassan [at c.:] 32.10 49.10 32,167 49,167 20, 23-26, 71-78 Khuzestan Adimi 31.07 61.24 31,117 61,400 90, 94, 96-99 Sistan & Baluchestan Afzalabad 30.56 61.19 30,933 61,317 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, Sistan & Baluchestan 94, 96-99 Aga-baba 36.19 49.36 36,317 49,600 92, 96-99 Qazvin Agulyashker/Aguljashkar/Aghol Jaskar 31.38 49.40 31,633 49,667 92, 96-99 Khuzestan [at c.: ] Ahandar [at c.: ] 32.59 59.18 32,983 59,300 86, 88, 96-99 Khorasan Ahangar Mahalleh - see Now Mal Golestan Ahangaran 33.25 60.12 33,417 60,200 87, 89, 91, 96-99 Khorasan Ahmadabad 35.22 51.13 35,367 51,217 12, 41 Tehran Ahvaz (‘Ahwaz’) 31.20 48.41 31,333 48,683 20, 22, 23-26, 33, 49, 67, Khuzestan 69, 71-78, 80, 92, 96-99 Airabad - see Kheyrabad (nr Turkmen.
    [Show full text]
  • Kelardasht County, Chalus City in Mazandaran Province, Iran
    Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 8 (4): 846-850, 2011 ISSN 1990-9233 © IDOSI Publications, 2011 Analysis of Human Development of Villages Based on Global Index, A Case Study: Kelardasht County, Chalus City in Mazandaran Province, Iran Masoud Mahdavi Hagilooi and Mansoure Rafinezhad Department of Geography, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Abstract: In modern world and in the age of globalization, villages are safe desirable places for leisure time and relaxation. Therefore, attention to villages means life revival and return to Mother Nature. This research investigates three human development indices, namely life expectancy, literacy and per capita income. From 19 residential villages of Kelardasht County, three villages (Tabareso, Telochal and Kolmeh) were selected based on random sampling and studied. According to environmental and geographical capacities and the antiquity of these settlements, it was expected to have a high level of human development in villages, but due to the lack of management and rural planning, many changes happened in physical, economic and social structure, which made it hard to return to an optimal status. As a result, based on ecological condition of the region and national development planning, it was decided that the “multiple” rural tourism approach would be the best to promote human development. This research aims to analyze human development of the study villages according to global indices. The nature of present study is descriptive and analytical by means of library and field data. Key words: Literacy % Rural settlements % Rural planning % Human development % Life expectancy INTRODUCTION Nevertheless, it has been proven that many of these strategies have no comprehensive application for the rural In the process of globalization of villages, the third atmospheres.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in Northern Iran and Parasitism by Aspidiotiphagus Citrinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
    Eur. J. Entomol. 108: 79–85, 2011 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1590 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Biology of the conifer needle scale, Nuculaspis abietis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in northern Iran and parasitism by Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) ARASH RASEKH1, J.P. MICHAUD2 and HASSAN BARIMANI VARANDI3 1Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 2Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center – Hays, 1232 240th Ave, Hays, KS 67601, USA; e-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre of Mazandaran, Sari, Iran Key words. Nuculaspis abietis, Diaspididae, Hemiptera, Aspidiotiphagus citrinus, Aphelinidae, Hymenoptera, Picea abies, Norway spruce, development, host range, parasitism, Iran Abstract. The conifer needle scale, Nuculaspis abietis (Schrank) emerged as an important pest of conifers in the Kelardasht region of Mazandaran province, Iran, in the late 1990’s. This pest feeds on conifer needles and twigs causing needle drop and branch desic- cation. Its discovery in Kelardasht in Mazandaran Province necessitated a local quarantine of conifers in the genera Picea, Abies, and Pinus. We studied the life history and ecology of this scale on Norway spruce, Picea abies, under laboratory and natural field condi- tions. The complete life cycle of females required 206.4 ± 5.7 days in the laboratory (25 ± 1°C, 65–75% RH, 14L : 10D) and 315.7 ± 9.3 days under field conditions. In Kelardasht, numbers of adult males and females peaked in mid-June and early May, respectively, and numbers of first and second instar nymphs in mid-July and early September.
    [Show full text]
  • Tiger-Moths of Iran 481-525 Atalanta (Dezember 2005) 36 (3/4): 481-525, Würzburg, ISSN 0171-0079
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Atalanta Jahr/Year: 2005 Band/Volume: 36 Autor(en)/Author(s): Dubatolov Vladimir V., Zahiri Reza Artikel/Article: Tiger-moths of Iran 481-525 Atalanta (Dezember 2005) 36 (3/4): 481-525, Würzburg, ISSN 0171-0079 Tiger-moths o f Iran (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae: Arctiinae) by V l a d im ir V. D u b a t o l o v & R e z a Z a h ir i received 26.X.2005 Abstract: Based on the vast material from the collection of the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM) and literature data, 28 species are recorded from Iran. Callimorpha dominula rossica K o l ., Axiopoena kareliniMtu., Utetheisa lotrixCr ., Watsonarctia deserta B a r t ., Diaphora mendica C l . are recorded from this country for the first time. Four new subspecies, Arctia caja mazandarana subspec. nov. from the Caspian Coast, Eucharia festiva hormozgana subspec. nov. from South Iran, Watsonarctia deserta elbursica subspec. nov. from the Alburz Mts., and Pbragmatobia placida mirzayansi subspec. nov. with a pale coloration, from the high mountains of the Albourz are described. The analysis of the Arctiinae fauna shows that the fauna of South-Eastern Iran is the Oriental, and not Palearctic. Zusammenfassung: Mit Hilfe des reichhaltigen Materials des Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM) und aufgrund von Literaturangaben können 28 Arten für den Iran angegeben werden. Callimorpha dominula rossica K o l ., Axiopoena kareliniM £ n ., Utetheisa lotrix C r ., Watsonarctia deserta B a r t ., Diaphora mendica C l . werden erstmals für dieses Land gemeldet.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Variability of Two Ecomorphological Forms
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 626:Genetic 67–86 (2016)variability of two ecomorphological forms of Stenus Latreille, 1797 in Iran... 67 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.626.8155 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Genetic variability of two ecomorphological forms of Stenus Latreille, 1797 in Iran, with notes on the infrageneric classification of the genus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Steninae) Sayeh Serri1, Johannes Frisch2, Thomas von Rintelen2 1 Insect Taxonomy Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Rese- arch, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, 19395-1454, Iran 2 Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany Corresponding author: Sayeh Serri ([email protected]; [email protected]) Academic editor: A. Brunke | Received 17 February 2016 | Accepted 18 September 2016 | Published 20 October 2016 http://zoobank.org/A141DF2D-F1AC-406C-A342-E78E144803E0 Citation: Serri S, Frisch J, von Rintelen T (2016) Genetic variability of two ecomorphological forms of Stenus Latreille, 1797 in Iran, with notes on the infrageneric classification of the genus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Steninae). ZooKeys 626: 67–86. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.626.8155 Abstract In this study, the genetic diversity of Iranian populations of two widespread Stenus species representing two ecomorphological forms, the “open living species” S. erythrocnemus Eppelsheim, 1884 and the “stra- tobiont” S. callidus Baudi di Selve, 1848, is presented using data from a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. We evaluate the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I haplotypes and the intraspecific genetic distance of these two species. Our results reveal a very low diversity of COI sequences in S.
    [Show full text]
  • Mazandaran Province Geotourism
    Arshive of SID Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch Vol. 3, No.1, Summer 2014, Pp. 23-47 Mazandaran province Geotourism Parviz Kardavani Professor of Natural Geography Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran Abdolreza Faraji Rad* Associate prof. in Political Geography, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran Behnam Kavoosi Ph.D. student in Geography natural tendency geomorphology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran Abstract By studying Still Life Appeal and Combined it with Tourism Industry appears Interdisciplinary geo-tourism industry. This field Split to Tourism mines, Geology, Geomorphology (desert tourism types, desert tourism, cave Tourism) and photography tourism, (from still life). Geotourism Emerged from Combined The words "geo" (earth) And "tourism" (Tourism) And Means Using tourism Of Earth Sciences, especially natural geography, Geology, Geophysics And Other natural sciences. Actually Geotourism is study science and use of outer processes to develop forms of tourism. Mazandaran province in northern Iran And with an area equal to 4/23756 square kilometers there’s about 46/1 percent of the country area. Caspian Sea In the north, Tehran and Semnan provinces in the south and the provinces of Gilan and Golestan Respectively located in west and east this province. Mazandaran According to the latest divisions With 20 city The names of Amol, Babylon, Babolsar, behshar, Tonkabon, joybar, chalus, kelardasht, Ramsar, Mazandaran, Savadkooh, Ghaemshahr, galogah, Mahmudabad, Myandroud, Neka, nur, Noshahr, Fereydunkenar And abasabad, 56 cities, 49 districts, 113 villages and 3697 Abad. 43 percent of the cities of the province are located along the coast of the Caspian Sea.
    [Show full text]