DOCSLIB.ORG

=J C2 Curl P + M =Jm. (5) (6) C2 Curl D + H= -Jm. (7)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
=J C2 Curl P + M =Jm. (5) (6) C2 Curl D + H= -Jm. (7) NOTE ON ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC POLARIZATION IN MOVING MEDIA* BY JOHN CARSTOIU INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANT SCIENTISTS CORPORATION, BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS Communicated by L. Brillouin, April 7, 1967 1. Introduction.-The considerations presented in this note concern a difficult but favorite subject of classical electrodynamics. This is carefully discussed in Sommerfeld's Electrodynamics' and a paper by Sydney Goldstein.2 As Sommerfeld said, "The literature on this subject is voluminous and by no means free of contra- dictions... ." Unfortunately, not many references can be given here; the reader will find more on the subject in the work quoted. In this paper we study particu- larly problems involving rotations, whereby great difficulties arise, as pointed out by Sommerfeld. In fact, Sommerfeld simply concluded that Minkowski's theory of moving media is not directly applicable to these problems. This conclusion has been refuted by Goldstein.2 New ideas on the subject will be found in this note. Mathematical refinements are omitted. Instead, we shall postulate at the outset a system of equations to be tested by its consequences. This system complements Maxwell's equations. To be sure, one finds here and there in the literature' pieces of these equations, but the whole system appears in this note. The special materials investigated here present conservation properties of great interest. The idealized model of a rigid rotator for nonmagnetic materials is studied in detail, and the polarization problem is practically solved for stationary motions. The formulas obtained may find direct applications to problems concerning atmos- pheric electricity phenomena depending essentially on rotations. 2. Equations Governing the Polarization.-The electric and magnetic polariza- tion vectors P and M are defined by P = D-EoE, M =-B-H. (1), (2) Ao It may then be assumed that there exist two current density vectors J' and Jm associated with a distribution of matter, and which vanish in free space; these shall, respectively, be called densities of "induced electric current" and "magnetic cur- rent." We shall postulate that the four vectors in question are subject to the following equations: curlM + =J _C2 curl P + m =Jm. (3)2 (4) We now compare these equations with the Maxwell equations curl H J- curl E + = . (5) (6) By virtue of equations (3) and (4), the latter can be rewritten: 1 E curlB - + J'), c2 curl D + H= -Jm. (7) (8) c2 at (J= at 1536 Downloaded by guest on October 1, 2021 VOL. 57, 1967 PHYSICS: J. CARSTOIU 1537 3. Divergence of Polarization Vectors.-The divergence equations V-B = 0, V-D = Pe. (9), (10) are usually included as part of Maxwell's system. As pointed out by Stratton,5 one must note, however, that if one assumes the conservation of charge, i.e., VI+ ape=0, (11) then equations (9) and (10) are not independent relations. Let us now see which are the divergence equations for our new system. Without elaborating, it is evident that if we put VTJ + t = °0 VJm + Wn= 0, (12), (13) the equations (3) and (4) yield a (V P + Pe) = 0, - (V-M + Pm) = 0. (14), (15) Hence, we can admit that V-P = -p, V-M = -Pm. (16), (17) Two new charge densities p' and Pm appear. The latter has been discussed especially by Sommerfeld (ref. 1, pp. 38, 40, 41), and he calls it "magnetic density;" the former will be called "induced electric density." 4. Charges in Motion.-We shall be dealing here exclusively with charges in motion, whereby convection currents penv pev, and pmv alone are active; hence J = Pv, J = Pev, J. = PmV. (18)-(20) Equations (11), (12), and (13) become lDpe 1 Dp' l Dpm ---P6 + V v + V v=-- + Vv =0 (21) peDt pe Dt Pm Dt which are supplemented by the equation of continuity for the material density p 1 Dp + V-V = 0. (22) p Dt It is obvious that the ratios pe/p, p"/p, Pm/P, etc., remain constant along each trajectory. This is true in particular for the quantity 8 Pm (23) Pe which has dimensions of a velocity which we propose to call the Sommerfeld velocity. 5. Minkowski's Equations and Polarization.-The following equations for mov- ing media, first derived by Minkowski (ref. 1, p. 281) Downloaded by guest on October 1, 2021 1538 PHYSICS: J. CARSTOIU PROC. N. A. S. D +-v X H =E(E + v X B), (24) c2 B- v X E =M(H-v X D), (25) have considerable importance. The space here does not permit a delicate discussion about their range of validity, and we again refer to Sommerfeld's book' (see espe- cially footnote 3, p. 280) and Goldstein's paper2 for appropriate details. We shall come back to the subject at a later time. Now, when the values of P and M given by (1) and (2) are substituted therein, we obtain P V X M=EoXe(E + v X B), (26) C2 M + v X P =Xm(H-v X D), (27) where Xe and Xm denote the electric and magnetic susceptibilities, namely Xe = - 12 XM=-- 1. (28), (29) so Ao This is our result; it has important consequences, as will appear below. 6. Limiting Cases: Field-Preserving and Polarization-Preserving Motions.- Each equation (26) and (27) yields two limiting cases of significance: (I) Xe co and Xe 0 (a) Xe Ac; equation (26) gives E + v X B = 0, (30) which when coupled with Maxwell's equations (6) yields at = curl (v X B). (31) If equation (22) is used, then one has D(= (W V) (32) which shows that the quantity p-'B is frozen into the material. These are the superconductors. (b) Xe -* 0, that is, e- e; equation (26) gives 1 P =- V X M. (33) Taking the curl of equation (33) and using equations (4), (17), (20), and (22), we get D()= (.V) v, (34) which shows that the quantity p-1M is frozen into the material. This material is not yet apparently identified in laboratory and current literature. Downloaded by guest on October 1, 2021 VOL. 57, 1967 PHYSICS: J. CARSTOIU 1539 (II) Xm Co and Xm 0: (c) Xm -C o; equation (27) gives H-v X D =0, (35) which when coupled with Maxwell's equation (5) (where J = pev) yields at + pev = curl (v X D); (36) that is, in view of equations (10) and (22), Q~) = (P.,V (37) Dt p ) p )VI which shows that this time the vector p-1D is frozen into the material. One may regard this material as the analogue of the superconductor and call it superper- meable material. However, in distinction to the superconductor, whereby only Xe o is required, we now have two conditions to be fulfilled: Xm o and a -e 0, the latter following from Ohm's law for moving media. We must assume that the product aXm has a finite value, such that a magnetic Reynolds number 61 can be defined; the latter is to be compared with the mechanical Reynolds number (R. The number £ (em~(38) 6~~~~~~6 introduced by Elsasser,6 plays a crucial role here as it gives the ratio of the electro- magnetic and mechanical dissipations, and so it decides which dissipation becomes predominant in the phenomena under consideration. It may be observed that materials of the ferromagnetic group exhibit an enormous magnetic susceptibility. The author4d inferred that the appearance of electric fields in a tornado might be explained by the presence therein of solid ferromagnetic particles. Indeed, in the author's opinion, a tornado might represent a state of mixture of two charged fluids: air (or water droplets) and dust particles of high magnetic susceptibility which interact with each other in a strange fashion. This concept is, of course, a matter of intuition, rather than a rigorous demonstration; at this stage, it needs experimental evidence. (d) Xm -- 0, that is, IA - uo; we now have the nonmagnetic materials. In this case, equation (27) gives M =-v X P. (39) Hence, by virtue of equations (3), (16), (19), and (22), D fP IP D (P P=(PV v (40) showing that the vector p'lP is frozen into a nonmagnetic material. Peculiar to these materials at rest there is no magnetic density: Pm = 0; this follows at once from Sommerfeld's argument [ref. 1, p. 41, eq. (9a) ]. For consistency, we must also put p' = 0. One may assume that the motion does not introduce detectable terms in Pm and p', which, therefore, may be considered to remain vanishingly small as Downloaded by guest on October 1, 2021 1540 PHYSICS: J. CARSTOIU PROC. N. A. S. long as v is much less than c. However, this supposition needs close examination and we leave the question open here. 7. Rotation of a Nonmagnetic Material.-For convenience, we now use tensor notation. Equation (40) can be rewritten Di (p) -oijP + PeJ, (41) where ah}} and eij are the vorticity and the rate of deformation. The case of a rigid rotator is of interest. Since a rigid rotation is characterized by eij = 0, or equivalently vf = Qjxj (neglecting a translation), equation (41) simplifies to DP1 = (42) Dt Pfj. Assuming a stationary motion (at = 0) and taking the OX3 axis in the direction of rotation, equation (42) is resolved into x2 - xl = P2, -)P2 ___2 X2 _X1 Pi= (43) bP3 _P3 -P X1 =0. x2 -aXI a)X2 We assume that Pm = pe = 0. Then, taking the divergence of equation (39), we get P3 = 0. (44) On the other hand, it is a matter of simple verification to see that if we take Xi ~~~X2 -' (45) P1= C-Xr2 P2= C r2 where r2 = x12 + X22 and C is a constant, all equations involved are identically satisfied.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How Can We Create Environments Where Hate Cannot Flourish?
    How can we create environments where hate cannot flourish? Saturday, February 1 9:30 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. Check-In and Registration Location: Field Museum West Entrance 10:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. Introductions and Program Kick-Off JoAnna Wasserman, USHMM Education Initiatives Manager Location: Lecture Hall 1 10:30 a.m. – 11:30 a.m. Watch “The Path to Nazi Genocide” and Reflections JoAnna Wasserman, USHMM Education Initiatives Manager Location: Lecture Hall 1 11:30 a.m. – 11:45 a.m. Break and walk to State of Deception 11:45 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. Visit State of Deception Interpretation by Holocaust Survivor Volunteers from the Illinois Holocaust Museum Location: Upper level 12:30 p.m. – 1:00 p.m. Breakout Session: Reflections on Exhibit Tim Kaiser, USHMM Director, Education Initiatives David Klevan, USHMM Digital Learning Strategist JoAnna Wasserman, USHMM Education Initiatives Manager Location: Lecture Hall 1, Classrooms A and B Saturday, February 2 (continued) 1:00 p.m. – 1:45 p.m. Lunch 1:45 p.m. – 2:45 p.m. A Survivor’s Personal Story Bob Behr, USHMM Survivor Volunteer Interviewed by: Ann Weber, USHMM Program Coordinator Location: Lecture Hall 1 2:45 p.m. – 3:00 p.m. Break 3:00 p.m. – 3:45 p.m. Student Panel: Beyond Indifference Location: Lecture Hall 1 Moderator: Emma Pettit, Sustained Dialogue Campus Network Student/Alumni Panelists: Jazzy Johnson, Northwestern University Mary Giardina, The Ohio State University Nory Kaplan-Kelly, University of Chicago 3:45 p.m. – 4:30 p.m. Breakout Session: Sharing Personal Reflections Tim Kaiser, USHMM Director, Education Initiatives David Klevan, USHMM Digital Learning Strategist JoAnna Wasserman, USHMM Education Initiatives Manager Location: Lecture Hall 1, Classrooms A and B 4:30 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • The Utility of Genetic Risk Scores in Predicting the Onset of Stroke March 2021 6
    DOT/FAA/AM-21/24 Office of Aerospace Medicine Washington, DC 20591 The Utility of Genetic Risk Scores in Predicting the Onset of Stroke Diana Judith Monroy Rios, M.D1 and Scott J. Nicholson, Ph.D.2 1. KR 30 # 45-03 University Campus, Building 471, 5th Floor, Office 510 Bogotá D.C. Colombia 2. FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, 6500 S. MacArthur Blvd Rm. 354, Oklahoma City, OK 73125 March 2021 NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents thereof. _________________ This publication and all Office of Aerospace Medicine technical reports are available in full-text from the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute’s publications Web site: (www.faa.gov/go/oamtechreports) Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. DOT/FAA/AM-21/24 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date March 2021 The Utility of Genetic Risk Scores in Predicting the Onset of Stroke 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Diana Judith Monroy Rios M.D1, and Scott J. Nicholson, Ph.D.2 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 1 KR 30 # 45-03 University Campus, Building 471, 5th Floor, Office 510, Bogotá D.C. Colombia 11. Contract or Grant No. 2 FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, 6500 S. MacArthur Blvd Rm. 354, Oklahoma City, OK 73125 12. Sponsoring Agency name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Office of Aerospace Medicine Federal Aviation Administration 800 Independence Ave., S.W.
    [Show full text]
  • M.'S Story Jay and Tava Musial, Who Were Living in Michigan at the Time
    M.’s Story Jay and Tava Musial, who were living in Michigan at the time, had planned a family trip for Memorial Day weekend, but not before stopping by their daughter’s pediatrician’s office. Tava had noticed her daughter M. Rhapsody frequently had to go to the bathroom. Assuming she had a urinary tract infection, they hoped to get antibiotics and be on their way. M.’s lab work revealed no signs of bacteria but indicated her blood sugar was extremely high. Five days after her eighth birthday, M. was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. The Musials’ weekend getaway quickly rerouted to St. John’s Hospital in Detroit where M. spent a full week learning how to manage diabetes. Shortly after M’s diagnosis, the Musial family relocated to Sheppard Air Force Base in Wichita Falls, Texas. Relocating also meant finding a new endocrinologist for M. It was at that first appointment that Dr. John Caras recommended Diabetes Education at United Regional. Diabetes is a disease that affects the whole family, especially when a child is diagnosed. Diabetes Education also provides a support group for kids and their families. “M. comes to every appointment with a smile on her face and has never let her diabetes hold her back on anything,” said Nicole Benz, Diabetes Nurse Educator at United Regional. Children’s Miracle Network at United Regional provides scholarships for kids with Type 1 Diabetes to go to Camp Sweeney. This three-week camp’s goal is that every child who attends camp will not only learn about his or her condition but will find the inner strength each day to do what it takes to live a healthy lifestyle.
    [Show full text]
  • R-Codox-M / R-Ivac Indication
    Lymphoma group R-CODOX-M / R-IVAC INDICATION Burkitt lymphoma, ‘double hit’ lymphoma or high IPI diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. TREATMENT INTENT Curative. PRE-ASSESSMENT 1. Ensure histology is confirmed prior to administration of chemotherapy and document in notes. 2. Record stage of disease - MRI scan of brain (+/- spinal cord) with Gadolinium enhancement, CT scan (neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis) +/- PET, presence or absence of B symptoms, clinical extent of disease, consider bone marrow aspirate and trephine (with cytogenetics/FISH as indicated). 3. Blood tests - FBC, DAT, U&Es, LDH, ESR, urate, calcium, magnesium, creatinine, LFTs, glucose, Igs, β2 microglobulin, hepatitis B core antibody and hepatitis BsAg, hepatitis C antibody, EBV, CMV, VZV, HIV 1+2 after consent, group and save. 4. A number of drugs can interfere with tubular secretion of methotrexate. These include penicillins, aspirin and NSAIDs. Tazocin should NOT be used during high dose methotrexate administration or rescue. Consider using meropenem or other alternative. Review indications for aspirin and NSAIDs and consider stopping during methotrexate treatment. 5. Patients MUST NOT receive co-trimoxazole, starting from the week before the first methotrexate infusion. Consider pentamidine treatment if considered at risk from Pneumocystis infection. 6. CSF examination • cell count +/- immunophenotype, protein and glucose: can be done as part of 1st intrathecal. 7. Ophthalmic examination - if clinically indicated. 8. Urine pregnancy test • before cycle 1 of each new chemotherapy for women of child-bearing age unless they are post-menopausal, have been sterilised or undergone a hysterectomy. 9. ECG +/- Echo - if clinically indicated. 10. Record performance status (WHO/ECOG), height and weight.
    [Show full text]
  • “Bo Diddley” and “I'm a Man” (1955)
    “Bo Diddley” and “I’m a Man” (1955) Added to the National Registry: 2011 Essay by Ed Komara (guest post)* Bo Diddley While waiting in Bo Diddley’s house to conduct an interview for the February 12, 1987 issue of “Rolling Stone,” journalist Kurt Loder noticed a poster. “If You Think Rock and Roll Started With Elvis,” it proclaimed, “You Don’t Know Diddley.” This statement seems exaggerated, but upon listening to Diddley’s April 1955 debut 78 on Checker 814, “Bo Diddley” backed with “I’m A Man,” it becomes apt, perhaps even understated. Bo Diddley (1928-2008) described his own place in music history to Loder. “People wouldn’t even bother with no stuff like ‘Bo Diddley’ and ‘I’m A Man’ and stuff like that ten years earlier [circa 1945] or even a year earlier [1954]. Then Leonard and Phil Chess decided to take a chance, and suddenly a whole different scene, a different kind of music, came in. And that was the beginning of rock and roll.” The composer credit for Checker 814 reads “E. McDaniels,” and there begins the tale. Bo Diddley was born Ellas Otha Bates in McComb, Mississippi on December 30, 1928 to a teenage mother and her local boyfriend. He was raised, however, by his maternal first cousin, Gussie McDaniel, to whom he was taken to Chicago, and given her surname McDaniel. He grew up on the South Side of the city, where he learned violin, trombone and, at age 12, the guitar. Before long, he was playing for change on the local streets.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Approved Special Characters
    List of Approved Special Characters The following list represents the Graduate Division's approved character list for display of dissertation titles in the Hooding Booklet. Please note these characters will not display when your dissertation is published on ProQuest's site. To insert a special character, simply hold the ALT key on your keyboard and enter in the corresponding code. This is only for entering in a special character for your title or your name. The abstract section has different requirements. See abstract for more details. Special Character Alt+ Description 0032 Space ! 0033 Exclamation mark '" 0034 Double quotes (or speech marks) # 0035 Number $ 0036 Dollar % 0037 Procenttecken & 0038 Ampersand '' 0039 Single quote ( 0040 Open parenthesis (or open bracket) ) 0041 Close parenthesis (or close bracket) * 0042 Asterisk + 0043 Plus , 0044 Comma ‐ 0045 Hyphen . 0046 Period, dot or full stop / 0047 Slash or divide 0 0048 Zero 1 0049 One 2 0050 Two 3 0051 Three 4 0052 Four 5 0053 Five 6 0054 Six 7 0055 Seven 8 0056 Eight 9 0057 Nine : 0058 Colon ; 0059 Semicolon < 0060 Less than (or open angled bracket) = 0061 Equals > 0062 Greater than (or close angled bracket) ? 0063 Question mark @ 0064 At symbol A 0065 Uppercase A B 0066 Uppercase B C 0067 Uppercase C D 0068 Uppercase D E 0069 Uppercase E List of Approved Special Characters F 0070 Uppercase F G 0071 Uppercase G H 0072 Uppercase H I 0073 Uppercase I J 0074 Uppercase J K 0075 Uppercase K L 0076 Uppercase L M 0077 Uppercase M N 0078 Uppercase N O 0079 Uppercase O P 0080 Uppercase
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for Generation Panel for Latin Script Label Generation Ruleset for the Root Zone
    Generation Panel for Latin Script Label Generation Ruleset for the Root Zone Proposal for Generation Panel for Latin Script Label Generation Ruleset for the Root Zone Table of Contents 1. General Information 2 1.1 Use of Latin Script characters in domain names 3 1.2 Target Script for the Proposed Generation Panel 4 1.2.1 Diacritics 5 1.3 Countries with significant user communities using Latin script 6 2. Proposed Initial Composition of the Panel and Relationship with Past Work or Working Groups 7 3. Work Plan 13 3.1 Suggested Timeline with Significant Milestones 13 3.2 Sources for funding travel and logistics 16 3.3 Need for ICANN provided advisors 17 4. References 17 1 Generation Panel for Latin Script Label Generation Ruleset for the Root Zone 1. General Information The Latin script1 or Roman script is a major writing system of the world today, and the most widely used in terms of number of languages and number of speakers, with circa 70% of the world’s readers and writers making use of this script2 (Wikipedia). Historically, it is derived from the Greek alphabet, as is the Cyrillic script. The Greek alphabet is in turn derived from the Phoenician alphabet which dates to the mid-11th century BC and is itself based on older scripts. This explains why Latin, Cyrillic and Greek share some letters, which may become relevant to the ruleset in the form of cross-script variants. The Latin alphabet itself originated in Italy in the 7th Century BC. The original alphabet contained 21 upper case only letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, Z, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V and X.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Curl-Free Fields and Electrostatic Potential
    5Curl-freefieldsandelectrostaticpotential • Mathematically, we can generate a curl-free vector field E(x, y, z) as ∂V ∂V ∂V E = −( , , ), ∂x ∂y ∂z by taking the gradient of any scalar function V (r)=V (x, y, z).The gradient of V (x, y, z) is defined to be the vector ∂V ∂V ∂V ∇V ≡ ( , , ), ∂x ∂y ∂z pointing in the direction of increasing V ;inabbreviatednotation,curl- free fields E can be indicated as E = −∇V. – Verification: Curl of vector ∇V is xˆ yˆ zˆ ! ∂ ∂ ∂ ! ∇×(∇V )=! ∂x ∂y ∂z ! =ˆx0 − yˆ0 − zˆ0=0. ! ∂V ∂V ∂V ! ! ! ! ∂x ∂y ∂z ! ! ! – If E = −∇V represents! an electrostatic! field,thenV is called the electrostatic potential. ◦ Simple dimensional analysis indicates that units of electro- static potential must be volts (V). 1 – The prescription E = −∇V ,includingtheminussign(optional, but taken by convention in electrostatics), ensures that electro- static field E points from regions of “high potential” to “low po- tential” as illustrated in the next example. Electrostatic fields E point from regions of “high V ” to “low V ” Example 1: Given an electrostatic potential V (x, y, z)=x2 − 6y V 4 in a certain region of space, determine the corresponding electrostatic field E = −∇V in the same region. 2 Solution: The electrostatic field is ∂ ∂ ∂ 0 E = −∇(x2 − 6y)=−( , , )(x2 − 6y)=(−2x, 6, 0) = −xˆ 2x +ˆy6 V/m. ∂x ∂y ∂z !2 Note that this field is directed from regions of high potentialtolowpotential.Alsonote that electric field vectors are perpendicular everywhere to “equipotential” contours. !4 !4 !2 0 2 4 Given an electrostatic potential V (x, y, z),findingthecorrespondingelec- Light colors indicate “high V ” trostatic field E(x, y, z) is a straightforward procedure (taking the negative dark colors “low V ” gradient) as already illustrated in Example 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Fonts for Latin Paleography 
    FONTS FOR LATIN PALEOGRAPHY Capitalis elegans, capitalis rustica, uncialis, semiuncialis, antiqua cursiva romana, merovingia, insularis majuscula, insularis minuscula, visigothica, beneventana, carolina minuscula, gothica rotunda, gothica textura prescissa, gothica textura quadrata, gothica cursiva, gothica bastarda, humanistica. User's manual 5th edition 2 January 2017 Juan-José Marcos [email protected] Professor of Classics. Plasencia. (Cáceres). Spain. Designer of fonts for ancient scripts and linguistics ALPHABETUM Unicode font http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/alphabet.html PALEOGRAPHIC fonts http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/palefont.html TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER Page Table of contents 2 Introduction 3 Epigraphy and Paleography 3 The Roman majuscule book-hand 4 Square Capitals ( capitalis elegans ) 5 Rustic Capitals ( capitalis rustica ) 8 Uncial script ( uncialis ) 10 Old Roman cursive ( antiqua cursiva romana ) 13 New Roman cursive ( nova cursiva romana ) 16 Half-uncial or Semi-uncial (semiuncialis ) 19 Post-Roman scripts or national hands 22 Germanic script ( scriptura germanica ) 23 Merovingian minuscule ( merovingia , luxoviensis minuscula ) 24 Visigothic minuscule ( visigothica ) 27 Lombardic and Beneventan scripts ( beneventana ) 30 Insular scripts 33 Insular Half-uncial or Insular majuscule ( insularis majuscula ) 33 Insular minuscule or pointed hand ( insularis minuscula ) 38 Caroline minuscule ( carolingia minuscula ) 45 Gothic script ( gothica prescissa , quadrata , rotunda , cursiva , bastarda ) 51 Humanist writing ( humanistica antiqua ) 77 Epilogue 80 Bibliography and resources in the internet 81 Price of the paleographic set of fonts 82 Paleographic fonts for Latin script 2 Juan-José Marcos: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The following pages will give you short descriptions and visual examples of Latin lettering which can be imitated through my package of "Paleographic fonts", closely based on historical models, and specifically designed to reproduce digitally the main Latin handwritings used from the 3 rd to the 15 th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Kathleen M. O'neill
    Kathleen M. O'Neill Associate T: +1.312.499.6366 70 West Madison Street, 48th Floor F: +1.619.515.4181 Chicago, IL 60602 [email protected] Kathleen M. O'Neill is an associate in the Corporate Practice Group in the firm's Chicago office. Areas of Practice Kathleen focuses her practice on mergers and acquisitions, corporate governance and operations, and regulatory advising for clients in the healthcare industry. Kathleen is dedicated to understanding each client’s needs to assist them in navigating legal issues and achieving desired outcomes. Kathleen advises clients regularly on structuring considerations and risk mitigation strategies in transactions. Kathleen’s transactional practice is supported by her experience with federal and state law governing corporate practice of medicine, fraud and abuse, licensure, commercial and governmental payor reimbursement, and peer review/fair hearings, including related state and federal reporting requirements. As a former registered nurse, Kathleen’s clinical experience and insight inform her practical understanding of the issues and concerns clients face in doing business in the healthcare industry. She is passionate about serving clients effectively, thereby enabling them to serve patients, providers, and other stakeholders. Before joining the firm, Kathleen began her legal career at another prominent healthcare firm in Chicago. She attended Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, graduated with high honors, and was named to the Order of the Coif. During law school, Kathleen was a Note and Comment Editor for the Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy. Prior to attending Northwestern, Kathleen worked for several years as a registered nurse at the University of Chicago, and continues to hold a registered professional nurse license in Illinois.
    [Show full text]
  • John M. O'neal
    John M. O'Neal Partner John O'Neal is a tenacious advocate for his clients both inside and outside the court room. John's practice includes the following areas: • Corporate and commercial matters, including contract disputes, defense and assertion of claims related to officers and directors, shareholder and LLC member disputes, commercial torts, non- solicitation and non-compete agreements, creditor claims, and insurance claims. • Real estate matters, including title claims, contract disputes, real estate professional claims, commission disputes, construction matters, lien claims, lease enforcement and defense, and administrative claims. • Securities matters, including defense of state and federal claims. • Defense and prosecution of professional liability claims and select personal and financial injury matters. [email protected] Representative Experience Phoenix Office • Obtained dismissal of securities claims against board of directors Tel: (602) 229-5436 and officers of a publicly traded company Fax: (602) 417-2923 • Obtained unanimous defense jury verdict for municipality in a $100 million breach of contract/promissory estoppel case • Prevailed on summary judgement on multimillion dollar claims against a national bank for alleged dangerous real property conditions • Prevailed at arbitration for investment firm's commission claim Legal Services • Real Estate and Construction Litigation • Banking & Financial Institutions • Litigation & Dispute Resolution • Financial Institutions Litigation • Securities Litigation Education and Honors
    [Show full text]
  • Flourish: Positive Psychology and Positive Interventions
    Flourish: Positive Psychology and Positive Interventions MARTIN SELIGMAN T T L H V Delivered at e University of Michigan October , ¥ works on positive psychology, learned helplessness, depression, optimism, and pessimism. He is currently Zellerbach Family Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania and the director of the Positive Psychology Center. He was elected president of the American Psychological Association in by the largest vote in history. Dr. Seligman’s bibliography includes twenty-one books and more than articles. Among his better-known works are the best-selling Authentic Happiness (), Helplessness ( ), Learned Optimism ( ), What You Can Change and What You Can’t ( ), e Optimistic Child ( ), and Character Strengths and Virtues (, with Christopher Peterson). His books have been translated into more than thirty languages. His latest book is Flourish (). Dr. Seligman is the recipient of three Distinguished Scientic Contri- bution Awards from the American Psychological Association, the Laurel Award of the American Association for Applied Psychology and Preven- tion, the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Society for Research in Psychopathology, and the rst Wiley Psychology Lifetime Award of the British Academy. § § Á ¶ We have a strange heritage about the positive and negative sides of life. Our heritage comes from Schopenhauer and Freud who told us that the best we can ever hope for is to keep our misery and suering to a mini- mum. I want to suggest today the possibility of a positive human future. Until the possibility that there is more to life than minimizing suering gets on the radar screen, a positive human future is much less likely.
    [Show full text]