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April 26, 2006

Reference: 712.15.01

Mr. Al McNiven Director, Parks, Recreation & Culture Greater Vernon Services 3rd Floor, 3105 33 rd Street Vernon, B.C. VlT 9P7

Dear Mr. McNiven:

Re: Draft Report: Kalavista Lagoon Habitat Enhancement Prescription Summit Environmental Consultants Ltd. (Summit) is pleased to provide a draft compensation plan for the above project. This plan was developed as a measure to replace the potential fish and wildlife habitat that will be lost during the proposed parking lot expansion at 8603 and 8605 Kalavista Drive. Greater Vernon Services (GVS) has proposed to fill in a 34 m x 8 m "canal" 2 (approximately 272 m ) and remove some vegetation within 15 m of the high water mark of the Kalavista lagoon.

In February 2006, GVS retained Summit to complete an environmental assessment for the project, the results of which are provided in the March 7 report (Summit 2006). One of the recommendations in the assessment report ,vas the preparation of this plan. In order to offset the loss of habitat, GVS has committed to enhancing about 816 m2 (three times of what was lost) of similar habitat around the lagoon.

The lagoon in its current condition provides habitat for many species of fish and wildlife. Habitat values in the lagoon include: " High valued feeding and nesting habitat for ducks, coots, geese, red-winged blackbirds, and nighthawks; .. High valued reptile and amphibian habitat for Western painted turtles, frogs and salamalders; and .. Low valued fish habitat for salmonids and other species from . (Low oxygen levels, carp and algal blooms lower water quality for fish in the lagoon.).

The canal/spur also contains poor habitat for fish. For much of the year, the canal is very shal1ow, and may only provide seasonal off-channel rearing habitat. During the survey, the canal was only 15 em deep. It likely freezes to the bed during the winter. 26 April 2006 Page 2

This report presents two habitat enhancement'restoration options to compensate for the loss of habitat in the canal. These include: e Option 1: enhancement to habitat along the north and east sides of the lagoon,inc1uding installation of basking logs and a nesting area for the Western painted turtles; or '" Option 2: the re-establishment of historic streamflows in the diversion channels from Coldstream Creek to the lagoon, including upgrading the diversion gates and reestablishing riparian habitat along the channels.

Additional consideration has been given to a third option of controlling carp in the lagoon by installing an exclusion fence in the channel between the lagoon and Kalamalka Lake. The fence would permit access for smaller fish but stop carp from entering. Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) must be contacted to determine the viability of an exclusion fence. Information on these options is presented below with specific details attached.

Option 1: Enhancement of Habitat A detailed Total Station survey of the property was completed on March 22 to map areas along the bank of the lagoon on GVS property that could be enhanced (Figure 1). Approximately 490 rn2 of area (74 m of shoreline) was identified that could be enhanced to provide additional utility for amphibians, reptiles, birds and fish. Resloping the banks along the north and east margins and planting wetland and riparian vegetation on the exposed slopes will enhance the shoreline of the lagoon, provide riparian function that is currently not available, and enlarge the lagoon area. Currently there is no valuable riparian vegetation in these locations except for grass. 26 April 2006 3

Figure 1. Kalavista Lagoon Proposed Enhancement Sites (Option 1)

The revegetation program will include a series of steps to ensure plant survival and promote rapid regrowth and establishment the banks are recontoured. They are as follows:

!II Pun back the vertical and eroding banks to create a slope between 6: 1 and 8: 1 ratio on the north and east banks where wetland and riparian vegetation is lacking. Do not remove established cattails or other established riparian vegetation;

(I Plant a 2.0 m wide strip of cattails and bulrushes along the waters edge. This will ensure that the roots will be wetted for the majority of the year;

11> Plant a 2 m wide strip of willows and red-osier dogwood immediately upslope of the cattail layer; o Plant a 2-4 m strip of snowberry and roses upslope of the willow layer and in areas where vegetation is lacking, up to 8 m from the existing high water mark; and ., In areas that already contain sufficient vegetative cover along the shoreline (e.g. cattails in the northeast corner); the banks will be pulled back from the upland edge of the established vegetation. Additional plants will be installed immediately upslope. Additional details are provided in the attached drawings and work plan.

Painted Turtle Habitat Enhancement and Additional Riparian Planting Approximately six turtle basking logs will be installed in the lagoon. Four will be anchored to the banks while two will be placed in the centre of the lagoon and anchored to the bed with a 26 April 2006 4

chain and weight. The logs will be about 5 m long and about 25 em diameter and should be western red or similar water tolerant species.

Three to four dump trucks loads of nesting sand will be hauled to the site and placed immediately south of the tennis courts in an attempt to create a designated nesting area for the turtles. The sand will be spread over a 40 m2 area averagingOA m deep, but piled as to create a south-facing slope. This nesting area will be surrounded with planted vegetation and fencing on the sides away from the lagoon to keep people out. Vegetation between the lagoon and the nesting area will be planted in a way that facilitates turtle movement (group or strip planting).

Western painted turtles usually dig nests on south-facing slopes with good drainage within 150 meters from water (Matsuda et aI, 2006). Turtles generally begin nesting in early June. The young hatch in late summer, but do not emerge from the nest until the following spring, so it is important for the nesting site to remain undisturbed year round.

Additional habitat enhancement on the subject property can include the planting of additional 2 riparian vegetation along the shoreline to make up the remaining 288 m • Areas may include planting willows and red-osier dogwood near the canal spur or along the south bank of the channel near the boat launch. .

Option 2: Channel Restoration A second excellent possibility is to improve fish productivity in the Kalavista Lagoon by re- establishing historic surface flow from Coldstream into the lagoon. This option would:

II) improve oxygen levels in the lagoon for fish and would also o create riparian areas along the length of the channels between Coldstream Creek and the lagoon. The Department of Fisheries and Oceans may prefer channel restoration over Option 1. Channel restoration could involve creating one or two inflow points into the lagoon. Restoring surface flow via one inflow point may provide sufficient habitat compensation for filling of the canal spur for parking lot expansion. However, restoring flow via both inflow points would be near certain to provide sufficient habitat compensation.

Description of Channels to be Restored Please refer to Attachment 2 The Kalavista Lagoon had two separate inflow points from Coldstream Creek historically. From a single inflow point along Coldstream (near the junction of Postill Drive and Kalavista Drive), the channel bed runs along the northeast side of a small municipal park, under Postill Drive and then splits into two channels to surround the residents of Tebo Drive (Attachment 2). Restoring inflow could involve: Option 2.A: restoring both the east and west channels surrounding Tebo Drive (all of Channel A, B, C and D, Attachment 2) or Option 2.B: only restoring flow to the eastern channel (Channel A and Attachment 2). 26 April 2006 Page 5

Advantages of Option 2 Restoring surface flow to the lagoon will enhance the fish habitat within the lagoon by increasing aquatic oxygen levels improving habitat for Kokanee and trout species. Furthermore, riparian habitat would be gained along the length of the channels connecting Coldstream Creek and the lagoon, especially if riparian is planted along channel. Species such as red-winged blackbirds, Columbia spotted frogs and long-toed salamanders are likely to use this riparian habitat, while juvenile trout and Kokanee may use the channel itself.

This compensation option may be more acceptable to Fisheries and Oceans Canada because it provides increased and improved fish habitat in exchange for fish habitat lost in the canal spur. Option 1 provides increased wildlife habitat but fish habitat is limited to riparian inputs from the planting program.

Effective Compensation Area Restoring surface inflow to the lagoon would create new riparian and fish habitat along the 1ength of the channels and would improve fish habitat in the entire lagoon, likely increasing fish productivity. The amount of restored area along the channels would be 614 linear meters if both channels are opened and 3471inear meters if only the east channel is opened. The total area would be dependent on the width of the established channel and surrounding riparian zone. A 0.5 m wide stream bed surrounded by 0.75 m of vegetated banks on both sides would result in a 2.0 m restored width providing a total of: • 1228 m2 ifboth channels are opened or .. 694 m2 if only the east channel is opened.

The aquatic oxygen levels in the entire lagoon would improve in response to channel restoration, enhancing fish productivity. This additional benefit should make channel restoration an attractive to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO). The amount of restored area may be calculated as a percentage of the total lagoon surface area. For example, a thirty percent expected improvement in water quality in the lagoon could be calculated as restoring 1194 m2 of habitat 2 2 (~3980 m x 0.30 = 1194 m ). However, DFO measures changes in habitatquality in terms of fish productivity, so they will have to be contacted to clarify these calculations.

Channel restoration may also improve the habitat at Points 4 and 5 (Attachment 2) where the lagoon has begun to dry up. For example, at point (4) there are approximately 500 m2 of grass which could be partially restored to cattails with increased surface flow. 26 April 2006 Page 6

Proposed Work Plan Restoring the channel inflow to the Kalavista Lagoon would the following:

Option 2.A Restore Both Channels Restore flow in both the east and west section of channel around Tebo Drive so that the lagoon has two inflow points (points (4) and (5) on Attachment 2 Option 2).

1) Rehabilitate the two water control structures. a. Main water control gate: the gate at Coldstream Channel (see (1) on Attachment 2 Option 2) b. Water control gate: the gate on Kalavista Drive (see (2) on Attachment 2 Option 2). This will involve removing accumulated dirt and vegetation from around the gates, checking the integrity of the concrete ahd metal, and that gates function as they once did.

2) Ensure passage and integrity of the culverts. There are culverts under Postill Drive and Tebo Drive which appear to be in fair condition. A further 92 m section (Section B on Attachment 2 Option 2) of the channel from the water control to Drive along Kalavista Drive has been diverted into a culvert. Flow through this culvert will have to be monitored closely as the main water control gate is opened. Another option is to dig out the culvert and reestablish the channel along Kalavista Drive.

3) Clear a channel down the channel beds. The original channel banks have collapsed and over the years have become filled with yard waste in some cases. the channel will likely necessitate an excavator. A total of 706 linear meters of channel would have to be cleared. Accounting for the culverted section C, which is m 614 m would have to be excavated with an excavator. If one assumes excavating a channel bed 0.5 m wide by 0.3 m deep, a total of up to 92 ni3 of dirt will be removed. banks could be sloped and revegetated, or allowed to revegetate naturally. and cobble could be used to line the bed. Rock lines can also be to provide scour and create a series of pools and riffles.

4) Remove the berm (see (3) on Attachment 2 Option 2) between the water control gate and Coldstream Creek. Initial flow levels would be set low at the water control gate so that blockages in the culverts or stream course can be detected without flooding surrounding properties. The initial flush of sediment and can be managed if water is released in small volumes and proper sediment and control measures are implemented. 26 April 2006 7

Option 2.B Restore the East Channel Restore flow in the east channel only, so that the lagoon only has one inlet. The work plan would be similar to Option 2.A except that the west channel would be blocked near the point (3) with a berm or water control structure. This option would be about half the cost as restoring both channels, but would only create half as much new channel and riparian habitat. It would likely still be effective in providing oxygen to the lagoon, and less water in would be diverted from Coldstream Creek (Italics show the differences betvveen Option 2.A and Option 2.B.) Option 2.B differs from Option 2.A in the following ways: " Only one culvert would to be opened under Postill Drive.

<1> The 92 meter section that has been culverted (Channel C) would not have to be cleared out. e A berm or water control gate would be installed at Point 2 (Attachment 2) to block flow down Channel C and D. e Channels C and D would not have to be cleared and revegetated.

Points for Consideration Regarding Option 2 Restoring channel flow to the lagoon may bring increased sediment into the lagoon, filling it somewhat faster and may necessitate dredging to maintain water depths. In order to keep the Kalavista lagoon functional as a wetland, dredging will be necessary at some point regardless of the option taken because tree litter is already filling the lagoon. In the absence of beavers and other disturbances, lagoons naturally tend to fill in over time and must be maintained if they are to remain.

Resident consultation will have to take place before inflow to the Kalavista lagoon is reestablished. The District of Coldstream has already done some work to educate land owners with regard to keeping yard waste out of the channel. Apparently some people drain flood water from their basements into the channel (Darwyn Kutney, District of Coldstream, pers. comm.). There may be fears that restoring the channel could lead to increased basement flooding at high water, however the Main water control (point (2) in Attachment 2 Option 2) will keep water < !'. flow through the channels essentially constant provided that Coldstream Creek does not overflow the gravel berm. If Coldstream Creek overflows the berm, flooding will likely occur regardless of the state of the channels. Removing debris in the channel will likely reduce flooding of the surrounding properties.

Mr. Darwyn Kuteny of District of Coldstream was aware of a Millennium (Year 2000) Project which proposed to enhance the Kalavista lagoon by dredging it and installing a fountain for aeration, He expressed interest in the idea of restoring inflow to the Kalavista lagoon via the channels, but acknowledged that residents should be consulted. Some resident education has already occurred to discourage dumping of yard waste in the channels so that the channels will be capable of conveying flood water. 26 April 2006 Page 8

Future Work for Option 2

II Calculate the total volume and percentage of flow that would be diverted from Coldstream Creek into the lagoon. Detennine whether this would have a measurable effect on Kokanee spawning in Coldstream Creek.

.. Conact DFO to determine the value they would assign increased oxygen levels in the lagoon due to channel restoration.

Additional Habitat Enhancement: Carp Control Fence addition to the above optlons, water quality can be improved further by incorporating a measure to exclude carp migration into the lagoon. Currently carp (Cyprinus carpio) use is notable in the Kalavista lagoon at certain times of the year. Some residents have noted that frogs and aquatic vegetation vanished from the lagoon s~ortly after the carp arrived in area. Carp are known to create turbid water and displace emergent and submergent vegetation through feeding, rooting and spawning. If carp are a problem in the lagoon, a carp control or exclusion program may be necessary to protect aquatic vegetation. Without carp control, it will be difficult to rehabilitate aquatic plant environments.

Because of the single access point for large fish to the Kalavista lagoon via the canal, installing a carp control fence would require only a short section of fencing (see Carp Control Example below). A likely location for a carp control fence would be the shallow area of canal near Kalamalka Lake. Carp tend to move into the lagoon in spring and summer and return to the lake during the winter. The fencing could be installed each spring prevent adult carp from entering the lagoon to spawn and feed. The fencing would then be removed in the fall to allow any trapped carp and other fish to leave. This would greatly reduce, if not eliminate, the number of large carp muddying the waters of the lagoon. It would also enhance the lagoon as refuge habitat for small fish and amphibians and facilitate the recolonization of aquatic vegetation and frogs. Very few wann water ponds are available in the area for carp spawn. fence could also reduce the carp popUlation in Kalamalka Lake.

At this point we can only assume that plants, frogs and red- and blue-listed species will return to the lagoon if the carp "'lere removed. The exact value that this will have on the lagoon habitat cannot be determined. We can also assume that the water quality during spring spawning and feeding periods for carp wiII also increase ifthey could not access the site. 26 April 2006 Page 9

Summary The two main options presented above provide different aspects or goals for each enhancement prescription for the fish and wildlife habitat in the Kalavista lagoon. Both options provide a significant increase in the value of the habitat. We feel that both ideas will increase the area of productive and functional riparian and channelllagoon habitat substantially and would replace the loss of poor valued lagoon habitat in the canal/spur. The loss of 272 m2 of habitat the canal/spur of the lagoon will be replaced with 816 m2 of bank and riparian enhancement (Option 1), 1228 m2 of channel enhancement (Option 2A), or 694 m2 of channel enhancement (Option 2B), or a combination.

In addition, habitat enhancement can be created by blocking the carp from entering the lagoon, Carp are known to create turbid water and displace emergent and submergent vegetation through feeding, rooting and spawning. By removing the carp, aquatic plants, frogs, and potential red and blue species may become re-established in the lagoon. .

We trust this provides the information you require. If you have any questions or require further details please call me. Detailed cost estimates for each option have not been included in this draft report but will be presented in the final version.

Yours truly,

Summit Environmental Consultants Ltd.

David Hayward, B.Sc., R.P.Bio. Biologist

Attachments: Habitat Compensation Prescriptions (2) Photodocumentation Detailed Habitat Enhancement Plan 26 April 2006 Page 10

Work Cited Matsuda, B.M., D.M. Green and P.T. Gregory. 2006. Amphibians and reptiles of . Royal BC Museum, Victoria, Canada.

McClane, A. J. 1974. McClane's field guide to freshwater fishes of North America. Henry Holt and Company, New York, p. 56-59.

Summit Environmental Consultants Ltd. 2006. Kalavista Pond Environmental Assessment and Work Plan. Draft letter report to Greater Vernon Services. March 7, 2006. PREPARED FOR: Attachment 2 Greater Vernon Services

/" Photograph 1: View ofthe east bank of the Kalavista lagoon that is proposed to be pulled back and vegetated. Date: 24/04/2006

Photograph 2: View of the north bank of the Kalavista lagoon where riparian planting may occur. None ofthe established trees will be removed as part of the enhancement program. Date: 24/04/2006

Summit Environmental Consultants Ltd. Draft Report Project # 712-15.01 Kalavista Lagoon Compensation 26/04/06 Photograph 3: View of the main control structure (Point 2, Attachment 2) at Coldstrearn Creek with person standing on the benn behind control structure. Date: 24/04/2006

Photograph 4: View of the control structure at Point 3 (Attachment 2) looking north down Channel B towards the lagoon. 24/04/2006 Summit Emironrnental Consultants Ltd. Draft Report Project # 712-15.01 Kalavista Lagoon Compensation 26/04/06 Photograph 5: View of a third, control structure and culvert near Point 3 looking west down Channel C on the of the 92 m culverted section along Kalavista Drive. Date: 24/04/2006

Photograph 6: View looking north down Channel B just north of Point 3 (Attachment 2). Note the V­ shaped channel with near 1: 1 slope. Only minimal channel clearing may be needed in such sections. Date: 24/04/2006 Summit Environmental Consultants Ltd. Draft Report Project # 71 5.01 Kalavista Lagoon Compensation 26/04/06 Photograph 7: View looking south up Channel B showing watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum). This section of channel has been maintained by the resident east Qf the channel. Date: 24/04/2006

Photograph 8: View looking west down Channel D near the junction of Tebo and Kalavista Drive showing a U-shaped channel which may need to be deepened so that the channel banks have adequate height to contain the stream during flooding. Date: 24/0412006 Summit Environmental Consultants Ltd. Draft Report Proj eet # 712-15.01 Kala vista Lagoon Compensation 26/04106 Photograph 9: View looking east towards the lagoon from the canal upon which work is proposed showing emergent vegetation. Date: 24i04/2006

Summit Emironmental Consultants Ltd. Draft Report Project # 712-15.01 Kalavista Lagoon Compensation 26i04/06 Kalavista Lagoon Habitat Enhancement Specifications

Option 1 Proposed Plan The proposed compensation plan includes the following:

1. The proposed pull back areas along banks of the lagoon should total at least 490 m2 in area and run along the north and east margins. Modifications to the re­ contouring design can be made on-site with the environmental monitor as long as the overall size and amount of area are maintained. Areas that already contain established wetland and functioning riparian vegetation should be untouched; 2. The re-contoured banks should range from 6: 1 to 8: 1 slope to milximize enhancement area and to maximize the marsh utility for amphibians, and to provide access between the tennis courts and the top of the new banks for maintenance; 3. All topsoil that is removed from the portion of the lagoon should be hauled offsite, or utilized and spread evenly around on the exposed slopes above the blgh water mark to promote vegetation growth; 4. Approximately 100 plugs of vegetation and soil (at 10 cm diameter by 15 cm deep) should be collected from a donor site (neighboring marsh) and planted I m apart spacing the waters edge; vegetation in these plugs should consist of native plant species (cattails and bulrushes) (See the attached drawing for locations and details); 5. Approximately 200 stems of willow and red osier dogwood (whips or rooted stock) should be planted in a two meter wide strip immediately upslope of the cattail and bulrush layer. The number of stems is based on 1 m between plants over .the proposed area; however group planting some areas may be more successful and look more natural; 6. Approximately 250 stems ofrose and snowberry should be planted over a 2 m - 4 m wide strip immediately upslope of the willows and red-osier dogwoods. The number of stems is based on 1 m spacing between plants over the proposed area; however group planting may increase plant survivaL Locate rose species along the outside edge in higher use areas to deter people from entering the enhancement area; 7. perimeter- of the enhanced area should be permanently fenced (split rail or similar) to exclude people and domestic animals from disturbing the habitat. A designated pathway may be established upslope of the fence; 8. The enhancement work could be constructed at any of year, although vegetation establishment would be quickest if it is completed in early spring. Land clearing activities should not occur during the sensitive nesting and fledging period for birds 51 (i.e. between April 1 and July 31 st if nesting birds are present). All active bird nests are protected under the B.c. Wildlife Act and it is an offence to destroy nests occupied by a bird, or its or young. Land clearing during this period can only proceed if a survey is concluded and that no nests are present. Because amphibians and turtles are known to use the area, operations are not to occur during hibemating, breeding or migrating periods (similar to bird work windows for breeding and migrating, however turtles hibernate in the mud all winter). Construction activities 51 should only occur between July 31 5t and October 1 ; 9. Sediment control measures must be in place for the duration of construction and should isolation of the construction site lagoon (possibly using a silt the exposed banks and the waters and immediate grass seeding of exposed soils immediately following construction; 10. An environmental monitor should be on-site at the initiation and completion of construction to ensure that sediment control measures and bank construction/planting have completed to an acceptable standard; and 11. To ensure that the lagoon plants become self-sustaining the vegetation should be monitored annually for two years post-construction. If plants are not surviving then additional plants should be added. Kalavista Lagoon Carp Control Fencing and Carp

Photograph 1; Cornmon carp (Cyprinus carpio). (http;llwww.igb-berlin.de/abt5Imitarbeiterlkohlmanniindex_ e.shtml)

Example: Second iV1arsh Fencing System

A partially carp control fence extends from a barrier beach to flow deflecting islands and continues into a cattail bed creating a carp exclusion area of approximately half the marsh (60 hectares). control system consists of a continuous chain link fence (1.8 meters high). Mesh openings (5.5 centimeters) restrict mature carp from accessing the eastern portion of the marsh while smaller fish species continue to access the entire marsh.

The fencing was installed recognizing the seasonal use of the marsh by carp. To effectively implement carp control, the fence post and chain link mesh were installed during the ",inter prior to ice break up and the movement of carp into the marsh. A section of the fencing will be removed each fall to allow any trapped carp, or other species, to exit the exclusion area before winter ice build up. During the first season of its use, it was found that regular monitoring and maintenance of the was required to ensure its For instance, a gap was found in the fencing allowing to access the protected side of the

For more information please contact: Patricia Lowe, Project Coordinator, Oshawa City 50 Centre Street, Oshawa, . LUI 3Z7. Telephone: (905) 1, ext. 304. (http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/factsheets/fs carp-e.html).

Carp Biology

Carp have and are golden-olive above and golden to yellowish-white below. prefer shallows with an abundance of organic matter, though they are found in a Summit Environmental Consultants Ltd. Project # 71 5.01 Kalavista Lagoon Compensation 26/04/06 variety of habitats. They are bottom feeders and stir up sediments, muddying the water, while feeding destructively on plant and animal matter, thereby destroying habitat for native fishes. They spawn in and summer shallow water. A water temperature of approximately 17 to 26 C is necessary for spawning to occur. Carp usually spawn in groups of one female and three or four males although larger groups may also occur. During spawning, move into shallow, vegetated areas, where splashing and physical activity can uproot and flatten aquatic plants. Carp can tolerate very low oxygen levels and even utilize atmospheric oxygen by "gulping" at the surface. They can also withstand temporary freezing (McClane, 1974).

Summit Environmental Consultants Draft Report Project # 712-15.01 Kalavista Lagoon Compensation 26104/06 Photograph 1: View of the canal looking east towards the lagoon. Date: 06/02/06

Photograph 2: View of the eastern half of the canal. Date: 28/02/06

Summit Consultants Ltd. Project # 712-15.01 Kalavista Pond EA 07/03/06 Photograph 1: View of the canal looking east towards the lagoon. Date: 06102/06

Photograph 2: View ofthe eastern half of the canaL Date: 28/02/06

Summit Environmental Consultants Ltd. Project # 712-15.01 Kalavista Pond EA 07/03/06 Photograph 3: View of the western half of the canal. Note Kalavista Road and evidence of past infilling. Date: 28/02/06

Photograph 4: View of the existing parking area and riparian vegetation in the background with the potential habitat compensation site in the foreground. Date: 06/02/06

Summit Environmental Consultants Project # 712-15.01 Kalavista Pond 07/03/06