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Hazard Assessment Using Open Source Data a Case Study for Chittagong, Bangladesh

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Hazard Assessment using Open Source Data A case study for Chittagong, Bangladesh Thesis No. GIRS-2013-06 Mohammad Abdul Aziz Patwary 721203643030 Supervised by: Prof. Dr. Ir. Arnold K. Bregt Thesis for Wageningen University Master of Geo-Information Science Course: GRS 80436 Hazard Assessment using Open Source Data A case study for Chittagong, Bangladesh Thesis No. GIRS-2013-06 Mohammad Abdul Aziz Patwary 721203643030 Supervised by: Prof. Dr. Ir. Arnold K. Bregt Thesis for Wageningen University Master of Geo-Information Science (MGI) Course: GRS 80436 April 2013 Abstract Dealing with natural hazards is an important issue in Bangladesh. Detecting of the hazardous areas can help the urban planners and decision makers to find suitable place for the people of the country to settle and live in. To detect the hazardous areas getting the data with spatial information is important, which is not so easy in Bangladesh. Open source spatial data might help the researchers to get the data. A survey is made to know the prominent natural hazards in Bangladesh and also in Chittagong. It’s been found that in Bangladesh the most prominent natural hazards are flood and cyclone with storm surge. Drought, flash flood, earthquake, river bank erosion, landslide are also among the major ones. Chittagong lies at the coastal area and the most prominent natural hazard is cyclone with storm surge. Landslide, earthquake and flash flood are the other dominant ones. In search of open source data to detect the hazardous areas, models are selected for each individual hazard. Data requirement for each of the individual model is checked and found that cyclonic wind speed, coastal bathymetry, digital elevation model, satellite image, land use, geology, geomorphology, drainage, soil, rainfall, flood magnitude, erosion data are required for the selected models. Searching for the required data is done in four different approaches: using the webpages of the potential data sources from Bangladesh, using the well-known spatial data portals, using the social media network and also with the popular search engines. Some of the data like cyclonic wind speed, coastal bathymetry, digital elevation model, satellite image, geology, geomorphology, drainage data found as open source for the study area. Data quality for these datasets are checked and used in selected cyclonic storm surge model and landslide model. Data quality and the results indicate that the data might be suitable for a national level of study. But for planning and decision making in regional level requires much detailed data sets. Data searching is done only for some simple datasets and the gathered data quality is not very satisfactory. Current research was done only with some simple models, a more complex model might require more and detailed data sets. This research indicates that still the data for a regional level of study for a country like Bangladesh is yet to be achieved as open source. The concept can be applied to the other parts of the world and a similar result might be expected if a similar situation like Bangladesh is found, where NSDI is not developed, data sharing tendency is not open and strong policies are missing to share data for research and public use. i | P a g e Abbreviations API Aerial Photo Interpretation AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer BARC Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council BMD Bangladesh Meteorological department BN Bangladesh Navy BNBC Bangladesh National Building Code BWDB Bangladesh Water development Board CCC Chittagong City corporation CDA Chittagong Development Authority CEGIS Center for Environmental and Geographical Information Services CSR Cyclic Stress Ratio CRR Cyclic Resistance Ratio CVI Coastal Vulnerability Index DEM Digital Elevation Model DMB Disaster Management Bureau DSHA Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis ENSO El-Nino-Southern Oscillation ETM+ Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus FFWC Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre, Bangladesh GIS Geographic Information System GLOVIS USGS Global Visualization Viewer GBM The Ganges, the Bahmaputra and the Meghna GSB Geological Survey of Bangladesh ISLWL Indian Spring Low Water Level IWM Institute of Water Modelling LHEF Landslide Hazard Evaluation Factor MCSP Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Program MOU Memorandum of Understanding MSL Mean Sea Level NOAA National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration NSDI National Spatial Data Infrastructure PSHA Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis RRI River Research Institute RS Remote Sensing SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar SLR Sea-Level Rise SOB Survey of Bangladesh SOI Survey of India SPARRSO Bangladesh Space Reserach and Remote Sensing Organization SRTM Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission TEHD Total Estimated Hazard USGS United States Geological Survey WARPO Water Resources Planning organization ii | P a g e Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... i Abbreviations ...........................................................................................................................................ii 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Context and Background ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Definition ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Research Objective and Research Questions ................................................................................ 4 1.4 Outline of the Thesis ..................................................................................................................... 5 2 Methods and Study area ...................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Description of the study area ........................................................................................................ 9 3. Active Hazards ................................................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Active Hazards in Bangladesh ...................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Prominent Hazards in Chittagong Region ................................................................................... 16 3.3 Selection of Hazards .................................................................................................................... 18 4. Model Selection ................................................................................................................................. 19 4.1 Model selection for Cyclonic with Storm Surge ......................................................................... 19 4.1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 19 4.1.2 Description of models .......................................................................................................... 20 4.1.3 Selection of Model ............................................................................................................... 22 4.1.4 Description of the selected cyclonic storm surge model ..................................................... 22 4.2 Model Selection for Earthquake Hazard ..................................................................................... 23 4.2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.2 Description of Models .......................................................................................................... 24 4.2.3 Selection of Model ............................................................................................................... 25 4.3 Model Selection for Landslide Hazard ........................................................................................ 25 4.3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 25 4.3.2 Description of Models .......................................................................................................... 26 4.3.3 Selection of Model ............................................................................................................... 28 4.3.4 Description of the selected landslide hazard model ............................................................ 29 4.4 Model selection for Flash Flood Hazard ...................................................................................... 30 4.4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 30 4.4.2 Description of Models .......................................................................................................... 30 4.4.3 Selection of Model ............................................................................................................... 33 4.4.4 Description of the selected flash flood hazard model ........................................................
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