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Effects on Demography of Eryngium Cuneifolium (Apiaceae), a Florida Scrub Endemic Plant Author(S): Eric S

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Effects on Demography of Eryngium Cuneifolium (Apiaceae), a Florida Scrub Endemic Plant Author(S): Eric S Microhabitat and Time-Since-Fire: Effects on Demography of Eryngium cuneifolium (Apiaceae), A Florida Scrub Endemic Plant Author(s): Eric S. Menges and Jennifer Kimmich Source: American Journal of Botany, Vol. 83, No. 2 (Feb., 1996), pp. 185-191 Published by: Botanical Society of America, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2445937 Accessed: 28-01-2016 19:56 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Botanical Society of America, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Botany. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 76.7.44.249 on Thu, 28 Jan 2016 19:56:08 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions AmericanJournal of Botany 83(2): 185-191. 1996. MICROHABITAT AND TIME-SINCE-FIRE: EFFECTS ON DEMOGRAPHY OF ERYNGIUM CUNEIFOLIUM (APIACEAE), A FLORIDA SCRUB ENDEMIC PLANT1 ERIC S. MENGES2 AND JENNIFER KIMMICH3 ArchboldBiological Station,PO. Box 2057, Lake Placid, Florida 33862 Eryngiumcuneifolium Small. (Apiaceae) is a narrowlydistributed endemic found only in Ceratiola ericoides (Florida rosemary)-dominatedFlorida scrub, a periodicallyburned, shrub-dominated habitat. Multivariate analyses using 22 micro- habitatcharacteristics indicated significantmicrohabitat and time-since-fireeffects on survival, growth,and fecundityof 1287 individualsover a 4-yrperiod. Survival increasedwith distance to the nearestshrub, and plantsin largeropen patches had greatersurvival rates. Neighboringshrubs of Ceratiola ericoides and Calamintha ashei were associated with a higher mortalityof E. cuneifoliumthan otherneighboring shrub species. Survival was reduced by two-thirdsover 4 yr (14% vs. 42%) for E. cuneifoliumnear C. ericoides. Sand accretionincreased growthand fecundity.With greatertime since fire, woody shrubsincreasingly dominate and open patches shrink,significantly reducing survival, growth, and fecundityof E. cuneifolium.Effects were particularlydramatic between 2 and 7 yr postfire,when annual mortalityincreased from<10% to >30% (r = 0.74). This herbaceous species is dependenton an open habitatmaintained by periodic fire.Belowground competitionor allelopathyfrom shrubs probably restricts E. cuneifoliumto recentlyburned, open patches withinthe most xeric partsof Florida scrub. Key words: Ceratiola ericoides; demography;Eryngium cuneifolium; fire; Florida scrub; Lake Wales Ridge; microhab- itat; sand accretion. Demographic data can be used to analyze criticallife be limitedto particularsafe sites (Harper,1977) thatare historystages of a plant and predicthow changes in eco- part of the regenerationniche (Grubb, 1977). The distri- logical conditionswill affectpopulation trajectories. Mi- butionof plantpopulations and communitiesmay reflect, crositeanalysis can provide a succinctdescription of the in part,the past or presentdistribution of micrositecon- habitatrequirements of a species. Used in combination, ditionssuitable for seedling establishment(Sterling et al., these two approaches can show how habitatquality af- 1984; Sydes and Grime, 1981a, b). fects rates of growth,flowering, and survival of plant However, microhabitatvariation can affect plants species, and may provide clues about species decline. throughouttheir life cycle, influencingdemographic pa- However, few studies have explicitlyexamined the ef- rameters,plant fitness,and population persistence.For fects of microhabitatvariation on demographicparame- example, soil depth affectedmortality and floweringin ters. Lomatiumfarinosum (Thompson, 1983) and frost-prone Most studies of microhabitathave focused on spatial micrositeswere associated with variable fruitset in Ru- distributionand seed and seedling ecology. A large num- bus chamaemorus (Agren, 1988). Small gaps in closed ber of studies have attemptedto link seed germination forestcommunities strongly influenced growth and de- and seedling establishmentto particularsafe sites by ex- mographyof understoryplants (Denslow et al., 1990; amining micrositevariation in litterdepth (Facelli and Reader and Bricker,1992). Pickett,1991; Guzmatn-Grajalesand Walker,1991; Mol- The restrictionof plants to particularmicrosites has ofsky and Augsburger, 1992), light (Silvertown and been explored for several rare plant species (e.g., Men- Smith, 1989; Barkham, 1992; Callaway, 1992; Kellman ges, 1992; Boyd and Hilton, 1994). Small-staturedplants mi- and Kading, 1992), physical stresses (Ryser, 1993), may be particularlysensitive to micrositevariation, es- Williams, and Sagar, 1965; crotopography (Harper, pecially in habitatsdominated by larger shrubsor trees, MacMahon, and Brown, 1990), disturbances Chambers, which affectthe availabilityof resources such as water, (Klinkhamerand de Jong,1988), soil temperature(Fran- nutrients,light, and physical space. Such is likely to be co and Nobel, 1989), moss cover (Johnsonand Thomas, case for herbaceous perennials growing in Florida 1978), plant density(Fowler, 1988; Reader, 1991), and the This studylinks de- fireintensity (Gibson and Good, 1987). Germinationmay scrub,a shrub-dominatedecosystem. mographic parametersin an herbaceous perennial (Er- yngiumcuneifolium) to micrositevariation in its habitat, 1 11 Manuscriptreceived October 1994; revision accepted 7 June rosemaryscrub, a particularlyxeric formof Florida scrub 1995. The authorsthank Nancy Kohfeldt,Noreen Gallo, Rebecca Ostertag, vegetation. Dawn Berry,Carrie Carrel, and ChrisHuh forfield assistance, Christine Most Florida scrub vegetationrecovers rapidly from Hawkes forhelpful discussions; David Gibson, Doria Gordon,Christine periodic, high-intensityfires (Abrahamson et al., 1984; Hawkes, Ann Johnson,Peter Marks, and Rebecca Ostertagfor useful Myers, 1985, 1990) as the dominantsrespond to fireby the manuscript. reviews; and Marcia Hestand for preparing resproutingor combiningresprouting with clonal growth 2 Authorfor correspondence: email at [email protected] 3Current address: Lake Metroparks,11211 Spear Rd., Concord Twp., (Menges and Kohfeldt, 1995). Many resproutersalso OH 44077. peak in floweringand fruitingwithin a few years postfire 185 This content downloaded from 76.7.44.249 on Thu, 28 Jan 2016 19:56:08 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 186 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY [Vol. 83 TABLE 1. Summaryof populationsof Eryngiumcuneifolium at Arch- Ridge (Christmanand Judd,1990), the Federally endan- bold Biological Station in rosemaryscrub. geredEryngium cuneifolium Small. (Apiaceae) is restrict- ed to open patchesin rosemaryscrub and open sand areas Trend in Mean change Rosemary 4-yr rosette in no. of along roads and firelanes.There are 22 known popula- scrub Year of mortality(%) diameter reproductive ID Soil typea last fireb 1988-1992 1990-1992Y stems per plant tions, all within Highlands County, Florida (Christman and Judd, 1990). Eryngiumcuneifolium is a herbaceous 57 Satellited 1967 97.7 ... ...e 61 Archbold 1968 88.5 - +0.4 perennial with a deep taproot,basal rosette,and many 54 St. Lucie 1968 87.6 + +2.3 floweringstems up to -60 cm tall. The perfectflowers 59 Archbold 1968 94.9 + -2.3 are borne in groups of 9-15 on headlike, compressed 63 Archbold 1972 71.4 - -0.5 umbels arrangedin a compound umbel (Gordon, 1991), 45 Archbold 1984e 66.9 + +1.4 and produce small (2 mm) schizocarps with apparently 16 Archbold 1984 81.2 + + 1.0 limitedpotential for animal or wind dispersal. 70 Satellited 1986 61.0 - +0.0 72 Archbold 1986' 44.1 + +6.1 In this study,we examine the question,Which habitat 85 Archbold 1986 29.9 + +5.3 characteristicsaffect the growth,reproduction, and fe- 91 Archbold 1986 29.6 + +2.7 cundityof E. cuneifolium?Our goal is to examine the a Data fromCarter and Lewis (1982). plant's environmenton three scales: the microhabitat, b 1992 or earlier. macrohabitat,and among-sitelevels, to determinehow c + increasingmean, - decreasingmean, ... insufficientdata. each contributedto the above measures of plant perfor- d Small area of rosemaryscrub not distinguishedon soil maps from mance. surroundingscrubby flatwoods. e Partburned in 1984; partunburned since unknowntime before 1967; no E. cuneifoliumin unburnedarea. MATERIALS AND METHODS I Part burnedin 1986, partunburned since 1972. Sites and levels of analysis-Eleven Eryngiumcuneifolium popula- tions were identifiedin 1988 for long-termdemographic monitoring (Ostertagand Menges, 1994). In contrast,Ceratiola eri- (Table 1). Sites were located in rosemaryphase of sand pine scrub coides (Florida rosemary)-dominatedFlorida scrub, a (Abrahamsonet al., 1984) at ArchboldBiological Station,Lake Placid, phase of sand pine scrub (Abrahamsonet al., 1984), re- Highlands County,Florida, T38S, R30E, Sections 7, 30, and 31 (Table covers relatively slowly after fire, and progressively 1). At the time,these populationsconstituted all known E. cuneifolium changes structurefor decades betweenfires (Johnson and populationsat Archboldwith the exceptionof a few patches occurring Abrahamson,1990). Individual Florida rosemary(Cera- in firelanes.Sites supportingE. cuneifoliumwere found largelyon ex- tiola ericoides) are almost completelyeliminated by fire cessively
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