Kazakhstan 2041: the Next Twenty-Five Years
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Status of Oralmans in Kazakhstan
Каzakhstan STATUS OF ORALMANS IN KAZAKHSTAN OVERVIEW Almaty, 2006 AbbREVIATIONS AMD Agency for Migration and Demography CST Center for Social Technology GDP Gross domestic product IHE Institute of Higher Education IOM International Organization for Migration ILO International Labour Organization KRCS Kazakhstan Red Crescent Society KZT Kazakhstan tenge MCR monthly calculation rate NGO Non-governmental organization UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme RoK Republic of Kazakhstan USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CST Center for Social Technologies SSEE Specialized secondary educational establishment USA United States of America Contents FOREWORd by THE INTERNATIONAL ORgANIZATION FOR MIgRATION .................................................................................................................4 FOREWORd by THE UNITEd NATIONS dEVELOPMENT PROgRAMME .......................5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARy .........................................................................................................6 INTROdUCTION ..................................................................................................................7 CHAPTER I. THE dEVELOPMENT OF ETHNIC IMMIgRATION POLICIES ..........................................7 CHAPTER II. gENERAL CHARACTERISTICS ..........................................................................................13 CHAPTER III. ECONOMIC ANd SOCIAL INTEgRATION OF ORALMANS ...........................................15 CHAPTER IV. -
Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic: Almaty-Bishkek Regional Road Rehabilitation Project
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Independent Evaluation Department PROJECT PERFORMANCE EVALUATION REPORT ON KAZAKHSTAN AND THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC: ALMATY-BISHKEK REGIONAL ROAD REHABILITATION PROJECT In this electronic file, the report is followed by Management’s response, and the Board of Directors’ Development Effectiveness Committee (DEC) Chair’s summary of a discussion of the report by DEC. Performance Evaluation Report Project Numbers: 29568 and 32463 Loan Numbers: 1774 and 1775 Project Performance Evaluation Report (Joint Report) March 2009 Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic: Almaty– Bishkek Regional Road Rehabilitation Project This joint evaluation report was prepared by the Independent Evaluation Department of the Asian Development Bank and the Evaluation Department of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Asian Development Bank Currency Unit (Kazakhstan) – tenge (T) At Appraisal At Project Completion At Operations Evaluation (August 2000) (October 2007) (August 2008) T1.00 = $0.0070 $0.0082 $0.0084 $1.00 = T142.400 T120.855 T119.680 Currency Unit (Kyrgyz Republic) – som (Som) At Appraisal At Project Completion At Operations Evaluation (August 2000) (October 2007) (August 2008) Som1.00 = $0.0208 $0.02895 $0.0289 $1.00 = Som47.990 Som34.540 Som34.560 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Currency Unit (Kazakhstan) – tenge (KZT) At Appraisal (October 2000) $1 = €1.17 $1 = KZT (tenge)144 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BME – benefit monitoring and evaluation CAREC – Central Asia Regional -
Kazakhstan: Trade Facilitation and Logistics Development Strategy Report
Kazakhstan: Trade Facilitation and Logistics Development Strategy Report The Asian Development Bank has been supporting efforts to reduce poverty and improve livelihoods in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) countries. A major focus of these efforts is improving the transport and trade sectors to spur economic growth and promote social and political cohesion within the region. Improving the efficiency of the CAREC transport corridors will allow these landlocked countries to take full advantage of being transit countries between the surging and dynamic economies of the East and the West. This report, one of a series of nine reports, highlights the substantial challenges that Kazakhstan needs to overcome and recommends measures to make its transport and trade Kazakhstan sectors more efficient and cost-competitive. Trade Facilitation and Logistics Development About the Asian Development Bank Strategy Report ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries substantially reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to two-thirds of the world’s poor: 1.8 billion people who live on less than $2 a day, with 903 million struggling on less than $1.25 a day. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines www.adb.org ISBN 978-971-561-812-0 Publication Stock No. -
Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S
Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests Jim Nichol Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs September 19, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33458 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests Summary U.S. policy toward the Central Asian states has aimed at facilitating their cooperation with U.S. and NATO stabilization efforts in Afghanistan and their efforts to combat terrorism; proliferation; and trafficking in arms, drugs, and persons. Other U.S. objectives have included promoting free markets, democratization, human rights, energy development, and the forging of East-West and Central Asia-South Asia trade links. Such policies aim to help the states become what various U.S. administrations have considered to be responsible members of the international community rather than to degenerate into xenophobic, extremist, and anti-Western regimes that contribute to wider regional conflict and instability. Soon after the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, all the Central Asian “front-line” states offered over-flight and other support for coalition anti-terrorism operations in Afghanistan. Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan hosted coalition troops and provided access to airbases. In 2003, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan also endorsed coalition military action in Iraq. About two dozen Kazakhstani troops served in Iraq until late 2008. Uzbekistan rescinded U.S. basing rights in 2005 after the United States criticized the reported killing of civilians in the town of Andijon. In early 2009, Kyrgyzstan ordered a U.S. base in that country to close, allegedly because of Russian inducements and U.S. -
Review of Key Reforms in Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
Review of Key Reforms in Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Draft Report Version 2 November 2004 Prepared by Vodokanal-Invest- Consulting, Moscow Contents GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................................. 3 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 4 2. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ................................................................................. 6 2.1. OVERVIEW OF LEGAL SETUP........................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1. Management of, and Ownership in, Communal Water Supply and Sanitation Systems ............ 6 2.1.2. Public Relations. Accounting for Water Consumption. Billing and Payment Procedures ............ 7 2.1.3. Service Quality. Standards and Norms ...................................................................................... 7 2.2. PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION ............................ 8 2.1.1. Legal Framework for Private Sector Participation ................................................................... 8 2.1.2. Incentives for, and Main Trends in, Private Sector Involvement............................................... 8 3. ECONOMIC STANDING OF URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR....... 9 3.1. REVIEW OF CURRENT SITUATION................................................................................................... -
KAZAKHSTAN Development of Six New Hospitals HEALTHCARE
OFFICIAL USE KAZAKHSTAN Development of six new hospitals HEALTHCARE PLANNING ADVISORY SERVICES TO THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN TERMS OF REFERENCE 1. BACKGROUND The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan (the “MoH”) is developing a new Hospitals Modernisation Programme (“State Programme”), which envisages the construction of up to 19 new hospitals to replace 40 outdated existing facilities and the upgrade of up to 50% of the hospital bed capacity in Kazakhstan. Hospital projects under the State Programme will follow the facility management model and will be procured as Public Private Partnerships (“PPP”) or utilise the Design, Build, Operate and Maintain (“DBOM”) approach. The purpose of this healthcare planning consultancy assignment is the development of comprehensive hospital healthcare needs assessments and hospital functional specifications for 6 of these new hospitals. The hospitals included in this initial first phase of the programme are as follows: No. Location Estimated bed numbers 1 Kyzylorda (DBOM) 500 2 Kokshetau (PPP) 630 3 Kostanai (PPP) 500 4 Taraz (PPP) 500 5 Pavlodar (PPP) 500 6 Atyrau (PPP) 500 Bed numbers presented above are broad estimates only at this stage as this Consultancy assignment is intended to develop accurate bed numbers for each hospital. 2. OBJECTIVES The objective of this assignment is the development of comprehensive hospital healthcare needs assessments and hospital functional specifications for 6 of these new hospitals. The healthcare services to be provided in these hospitals will be delivered by the Kazakhstan Ministry of Health (MoH). Consequently, once completed, the hospital functional specifications will be owned by, and the responsibility of, the MoH. -
Kazakhstan 2012 Human Rights Report
KAZAKHSTAN 2012 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Republic of Kazakhstan has a government system dominated by President Nursultan Nazarbayev and the ruling Nur Otan Party. The constitution concentrates power in the presidency. The president controls the legislature and the judiciary as well as regional and local governments. Changes or amendments to the constitution require presidential consent. The 2012 national elections for the Mazhilis (lower house of parliament) fell short of international standards, as did the 2011 presidential election in which President Nazarbayev received 95 percent of the vote. Some security forces reported to civilian authorities; intelligence services reported to an army general who was appointed as head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The most significant human rights problems were severe limits on citizens’ rights to change their government; restrictions on freedom of speech, press, assembly, religion, and association; and lack of an independent judiciary and due process, especially in dealing with pervasive corruption and law enforcement and judicial abuse. Other reported abuses included: arbitrary or unlawful killings; military hazing that led to deaths; detainee and prisoner torture and other abuse; harsh and sometimes life-threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention; infringements on citizens’ privacy rights; restrictions on freedom of religion; prohibitive political party registration requirements; restrictions on the activities of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs); -
BTI 2014 | Kazakhstan Country Report
BTI 2014 | Kazakhstan Country Report Status Index 1-10 5.05 # 81 of 129 Political Transformation 1-10 3.85 # 102 of 129 Economic Transformation 1-10 6.25 # 47 of 129 Management Index 1-10 4.67 # 74 of 129 scale score rank trend This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2014. It covers the period from 31 January 2011 to 31 January 2013. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of political management in 129 countries. More on the BTI at http://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2014 — Kazakhstan Country Report. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2014. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. BTI 2014 | Kazakhstan 2 Key Indicators Population M 16.8 HDI 0.754 GDP p.c. $ 13916.6 Pop. growth1 % p.a. 1.4 HDI rank of 187 69 Gini Index 29.0 Life expectancy years 68.9 UN Education Index 0.839 Poverty3 % 1.1 Urban population % 53.5 Gender inequality2 0.312 Aid per capita $ 3.1 Sources: The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2013 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2013. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $2 a day. Executive Summary At the close of Kazakhstan’s chairmanship of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), 2011 began on a note of optimism. However, by the end of the year, 2011 would be called “one of the hardest and most tragic” in the 20 years of Kazakhstani independence. -
43439-033: Zhetybai-Zhanaozen Road Section (Km 0-73) Initial
Initial Environmental Assessment Project Number: 43439-033 Second draft 15 May 2015 Kazakhstan: CAREC Corridor 2 (Mangystau Oblast Sections) Investment Program, Project 2 [Zhetybai- Zhanaozen Road Section (Km 0–73)] Prepared by Committee of Roads under the Ministry of Investments and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan This initial environmental assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT KAZ: CAREC CORRIDOR 2 (MANGISTAU OBLAST SECTION) ZHETYBAI-ZHANAOZEN 0-73 KM Content ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................... 7 EXECTUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................17 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .....................................................................................................................17 -
Kazakhstan by Bhavna Dave
Kazakhstan by Bhavna Dave Capital: Astana Population: 16.6 million GNI/capita, PPP: US$11,250 Source: The data above are drawn from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators 2013. Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Electoral Process 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 Civil Society 5.50 5.50 5.75 5.75 5.50 5.50 5.75 5.75 6.00 6.25 Independent Media 6.50 6.50 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.50 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 Governance* 6.25 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a National Democratic Governance n/a 6.50 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 Local Democratic Governance n/a 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.50 6.50 Judicial Framework and Independence 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.00 6.25 6.25 6.50 6.50 Corruption 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 Democracy Score 6.25 6.29 6.39 6.39 6.39 6.32 6.43 6.43 6.54 6.57 * Starting with the 2005 edition, Freedom House introduced separate analysis and ratings for national democratic governance and local democratic governance to provide readers with more detailed and nuanced analysis of these two important subjects. -
Air Pollution in Kazakhstan and Its Health Risk Assessment
Kenessary D, et al. Air Pollution in Kazakhstan and Its Health Risk Assessment. Annals of Global Health. 2019; 85(1): 133, 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2535 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Air Pollution in Kazakhstan and Its Health Risk Assessment D. Kenessary*, A. Kenessary*, Z. Adilgireiuly*, N. Akzholova*, A. Erzhanova*, A. Dosmukhametov*, D. Syzdykov*, Abdul-Razak Masoud† and Timur Saliev‡ Background: Air pollution in Kazakhstan is caused by many factors and poses serious threats to public health. Ambient air in the cities of Kazakhstan is polluted due to mining and processing of mineral resources, oil and gas production, gasoline and diesel fuel motor vehicles, industrial enterprises. Objective: The study aim is to assess the air pollution degree in most significant settlements of Kazakhstan and define risk levels for the population health. Ambient air monitoring was conducted in 26 cities. Air pollution severity was assessed by the analysis results and processing of air samples taken at the stationary observation posts. Health risk assessment due to chemical factors was calculated according to the approved risk assessment methodology. Findings: There is high risk of acute adverse effects risk from suspended particles, oxides and dioxides of nitrogen and sulfur in almost all of the studied cities. The most unfavorable situation is in Ust-Kamenogorsk. Also, there is the adverse chronic effects risk caused by suspended particles exposure in majority of the studied cities. Extremely high chronic effects risk as a result of heavy metals exposure was detected in Ust-Kamenogorsk, Shymkent, Almaty, Taraz and Balkhash. Unacceptable carcinogenic risk levels have been determined for professional groups and the whole population with respect to cadmium in Shymkent, Almaty, Balkhash; arsenic in Shymkent, Almaty, Balkhash; lead in Taraz; chromium – in Shymkent, Aktobe, Almaty and Balkhash. -
A Hydromorphic Reevaluation of the Forgotten River Civilizations of Central Asia
A hydromorphic reevaluation of the forgotten river civilizations of Central Asia Willem H. J. Toonena,b,1, Mark G. Macklinc,d,e,1, Giles Dawkesf, Julie A. Durcang, Max Lemanh, Yevgeniy Nikolayevh, and Alexandr Yegorovh aEarth and Climate Cluster, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; bEgyptology Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; cSchool of Geography and Lincoln Centre for Water and Planetary Health, University of Lincoln, LN6 7DW, United Kingdom; dInstitute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand; eCentre for the Study of the Inland, College of Arts, Social Sciences and Commerce, La Trobe University, DMBE 116, Melbourne (Bundoora), Australia; fInstitute of Archaeology, University College London, WC1H 0PY London, United Kingdom; gSchool of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, OX1 3QY Oxford, United Kingdom; and hJoint Stock Company Institute of Geography and Water Safety, 050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan Edited by Frank Hole, Yale University, New Haven, CT, and approved October 30, 2020 (received for review May 15, 2020) The Aral Sea basin in Central Asia and its major rivers, the Amu located at the confluence of the Syr Darya and Arys rivers in Darya and Syr Darya, were the center of advanced river civiliza- southern Kazakhstan (Fig. 1). This includes radiometric dating tions, and a principal hub of the Silk Roads over a period of more of irrigation canals and geomorphological investigations of river than 2,000 y. The region’s decline has been traditionally attributed channel and flood regime dynamics, on which the success and to the devastating Mongol invasion of the early-13th century CE.