DOCSLIB.ORG

UC GAIA Hall--Text CS5.5.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UC GAIA Hall--Text CS5.5.Indd Dilemmas of Decline The Berkeley SerieS in BriTiSh STudieS Mark Bevir and James Vernon, University of California, Berkeley, Editors 1. The Peculiarities of Liberal Modernity in Imperial Britain, edited by Simon Gunn and James Vernon 2. Dilemmas of Decline: British Intellectuals and World Politics, 1945 – 1975, by Ian Hall Dilemmas of Decline British Intellectuals and World Politics, 1945 - 1975 ian hall Global, Area, and International Archive University of California Press Berkeley loS angeleS london The Global, Area, and International Archive (GAIA) is an initiative of the Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley, in partnership with the University of California Press, the California Digital Library, and international research programs across the University of California system. University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2012 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Manufactured in the United States of America 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of anSi/niSo z39.48 – 1992 (r 1997) (Permanence of Paper). For my parents Contents Acknowledgments ix 1. Introduction: The Dilemmas of Decline 1 2. Traditions and Dilemmas 14 3. The Fall and Rise of Political Realism 29 4. The Persistence of Liberalism 48 5. The Fragmentation of Internationalism 64 6. The Whigs and the Diplomatic Tradition 83 7. The Radicals 107 8. The Revolt against the West: Decolonization and Its Repercussions 131 9. War and Peace 152 10. Conclusion: British Intellectuals and the Retreat from Power 170 Notes 185 Index 249 Acknowledgments This book concludes more than a decade’s research on British international thought in the aftermath of the Second World War. It began with a doctoral thesis on three particular figures, Herbert Butterfield, Arnold J. Toynbee, and Martin Wight, who were central to the development of British inter- national thought in the twentieth century. It continued through a mono- graph on Wight’s ideas and a series of narrower studies of other thinkers, including George Orwell and Charles Webster, and particular traditions, especially political realism. This book offers something different: a syn- optic account of the ways in which British intellectuals responded to world politics after 1945. The account is far from exhaustive, but it tries to bring narrative order to a very fragmented intellectual history. All historiogra- phy requires abridgement, and while some will no doubt disagree with the way that it is done here, this book aims not just to give today’s professional students of international relations a better sense of their forebears, but also to explain why the British struggled to come to terms with their new place in the world in the aftermath of 1945. The origins of this book can be traced back to the University of St Andrews, in the northeast of Scotland, but it was written at Griffith Uni- versity, in the rather different climate of Brisbane. I have accumulated a number of debts on my travels in between. At St Andrews, Michael Bent- ley, Tony Lang, Nick Rengger, and especially Mark Imber, who donated a considerable collection of postwar international relations texts to my own growing hoard, all influenced my thinking in the crucial early stages. At Adelaide, Juanita Elias, Lisa Hill, Clem Macintyre, and Czes Tubilewicz contributed useful thoughts as my work progressed. The project also could not have been undertaken without the research funding provided by the University of Adelaide’s Qantas Early Career Researcher Grant ix x / Acknowledgments and Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Small Grant, both of which permitted necessary travel to archives. Finally, I thank my former colleagues at Griffith University, especially Gideon Baker, Tom Conley, Martin Griffiths, Michael Heazle, Haig Patapan, Jason Sharman, Pat Weller, and Michael Wesley. The intervention of Duncan Bell was decisive in pushing this book to completion and for that I am very thankful. I hasten to add — in case his association with the project compromises him in the eyes of the Cam- bridge School — that he would almost certainly disagree with the approach I have used. The advice of Chris Brown and Mick Cox was indispensible when it came to untangling the intricacies of radicalism in the 1960s. So too, on a range of issues, were conversations with James Cotton, Richard Devetak, Tim Dunne, Jeanne Morefield, and Casper Sylvest. David Long and another, anonymous, reviewer provided a series of helpful sugges- tions on the original manuscript, and while I have not taken all of their advice, I hope they find the completed book much improved as a result. I am also most grateful to Mark Bevir, who first suggested that I submit a proposal for this book to the Berkeley Series in British Studies, which he edits with James Vernon. At the University of California, Nathan MacBrien was a very patient and tolerant editor. Lastly, I would like to thank Taylor and Francis for their permission to reprint parts of an article from the International History Review in chapter 8. Any errors of fact or judgment are my own. Renée, Sadie, and latterly Scarlett showed immense forbearance dur- ing the time it took to get this book done, and for that they deserve and probably want an apology rather than gratitude. I offer both. This book is dedicated to my parents, children of the postwar era, who witnessed firsthand Britain’s decline and the dilemmas it posed. 1. Introduction The Dilemmas of Decline Next year we shall be living in a country That brought its soldiers home for lack of money. The statues will be standing in the same Tree-muffled squares, and look nearly the same. Our children will not know it’s a different country. All we can hope to leave them now is money. PhiliP larkin, “Homage to a Government” (1969) Within fifteen years of Allied victory in the Second World War, the United Kingdom was shorn of all but a few fragments of its colonial empire and displaced from its preeminent position in the international hierarchy of states. Another fifteen years on, Britain was mired in eco- nomic recession and political stasis, dependent on the United States in its finances and its security, and a supplicant to the European Economic Community. In just three decades, Britain’s relationships with the major powers of world politics were transformed. As the United States and Soviet Union rose, the European empires that had dominated modern international politics for four centuries were eclipsed, their global interests circum- scribed and their ambitions curtailed. British voices could still be heard in Washington, as the United Kingdom tied itself ever closer to the United States by treaty, sentiment, and a carefully tended historical memory.1 But this process had not occurred without resistance and resentment on the part of many Britons, for the “special relationship” barely disguised the brute fact their country had been overtaken and supplanted as the leader of the Western powers. Britain’s relations with its other major wartime ally were no less complex. Although the Soviet Union had been rendered a latent enemy by the Cold War, reserves of sympathy for Russia and its political system, especially among British intellectuals, remained considerable. By the mid-1970s, as F. S. Northedge pointed out at the time, the “British people . found that there was little they could do in interna- 1 2 / Introduction tional affairs from the basis of their own strength.” 2 That strength had ebbed away and with it Britain’s ability to shape world politics. Whether this dramatic and unprecedented transformation of Britain’s global stand- ing constitutes “decline” — and in what sense of that term — remains bit- terly contested. It was certainly thought so at the time, as the title of North edge’s 1974 book — Descent from Power — illustrates so well. Britain’s loss of global power and influence went hand in hand with the raising of domestic living standards and extensive social reform, but whether these changes made Britain “better” and whether they compensated for that loss is still a matter of intense debate.3 This book sidesteps this issue. What matters, from the point of view of the intellectual history of the postwar period, is not whether decline occurred, but whether contemporaries perceived it to be occurring. Of this there can be little doubt. Almost all the intellectuals discussed in what follows were convinced that Britain — and indeed “Western civiliza- tion” more generally — was in some kind of decline, be it political, moral, cultural, social, economic, or spiritual. This “declinism” is perceptible among some British thinkers in the interwar years, but in the 1940s it became far more general, reaching its peak in the late 1950s and early 1960s.4 It spurred a series of meditations not just on British politics and society but on foreign policy and international relations. British reactions to the changing place, power, and role of Britain in world politics were shaped and conditioned by this shared perception of decline. Where they differed — sometimes quite violently — was over where to lay the blame and what to do in response. They argued, often vehemently, about the value of their inherited ways of thinking about — and indeed practicing — domestic and international politics, as well as over novel approaches sug- gested by both British and foreign intellectuals.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Problem of Harm in World Politics: Implications for the Sociology of States-Systems
    The problem of harm in world politics: implications for the sociology of states-systems ANDREW LINKLATER* In the 1960s Martin Wight and his colleagues on the British Committee on the Theory of International Politics wrote several papers on the great states-systems, including the ancient Greek and Chinese systems, medieval international society and the modern international order. A book on the sociology of states- systems was anticipated—a successor to Butterfield and Wight’s Diplomatic investigations—but the project was not completed.1 It would have been the first volume of its kind in international relations and its impact on the discipline would have been immense in a period in which several major works on historical sociology were published by leading sociologists.2 In more recent times, students of international relations have called for large-scale historical– º sociological accounts of world politics, and several works have demonstrated what the field can contribute to the broader project of historical sociology.3 As a result, the ‘sociology of states-systems’ now occupies a more central place in the study of international relations than it has at any other time. From that ‘first period’, Martin Wight’s System of states stands out as the central work which did most to set out a grand vision of the comparative sociological analysis of states-systems. On the twenty-fifth anniversary of its * This article is based on the Martin Wight Memorial Lecture delivered at the London School of Economics in November 2001. The author is grateful to Ian Clark, Tim Dunne, Hidemi Suganami and Nicholas Wheeler for their comments on an earlier draft.
    [Show full text]
  • Keynes and the Ethics of Socialism Edward W
    THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF AUSTRIAN ECONOMICS VOLUME 22 | No. 2 | 139–180 | SUMMER 2019 WWW.QJAE.ORG Keynes and the Ethics of Socialism Edward W. Fuller* JEL Classification: B22, B24, E12, P20 Abstract: This paper examines John Maynard Keynes’s ethical theory and how it relates to his politico-economic thought. Keynes’s ethical theory represents an attack on all general rules. Since capitalism is a rule-based social system, Keynes’s ethical theory is incompatible with capitalism. And since socialism rejects the general rules of private property, the Keynesian ethical theory is consistent with socialism. The unexplored evidence presented here confirms Keynes advocated a consistent form of non-Marxist socialism from no later than 1907 until his death in 1946. However, Keynes’s ethical theory is flawed because it is based on his defective logical theory of probability. Consequently, Keynes’s ethical theory is not a viable ethical justification for socialism. INTRODUCTION ohn Maynard Keynes (1883–1946) was the most influential Jeconomist of the twentieth century. However, ethics and prob- ability were Keynes’s primary intellectual interests for the first seventeen years of his academic career. In fact, his early ideas on ethics and probability inspired and suffused his politico-economic theory. His biographer, Robert Skidelsky, agrees: “His theories of politics and economics were expressions of his beliefs about ethics * Edward W. Fuller ([email protected]), MBA, is a graduate of the Leavey School of Business. Quart J Austrian Econ (2019) 22.2:139–180 https://qjae.scholasticahq.com/ 139 Creative Commons doi.org/10.35297/qjae.010010 BY-NC-ND 4.0 License 140 Quart J Austrian Econ (2019) 22.2:139–180 and probability” (1991, 104).
    [Show full text]
  • Herbert Butterfield and the Interpretation of History (Book Review)
    Volume 34 Number 3 Article 5 March 2006 Herbert Butterfield and the Interpretation of History (Book Review) Harry Van Dyke Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.dordt.edu/pro_rege Recommended Citation Van Dyke, Harry (2006) "Herbert Butterfield and the Interpretation of History (Book Review)," Pro Rege: Vol. 34: No. 3, 29 - 31. Available at: https://digitalcollections.dordt.edu/pro_rege/vol34/iss3/5 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the University Publications at Digital Collections @ Dordt. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pro Rege by an authorized administrator of Digital Collections @ Dordt. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Book Review Herbert Butterfield and the Interpretation of History by Keith C. Sewell (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005) 280 pp., including bibliographies and an index. ISBN 1-4039-3928-4. $74.95. Reviewed by Harry Van Dyke, Professor of History Emeritus, Redeemer University College. Professor Keith Sewell’s bulky doctoral dissertation, prised by this conclusion? Long before the Sociology of now packaged in a manageable and attractive book of 12 Knowledge became a household word, Abraham Kuyper, lucid chapters, is an important study of a body of litera- in the great parliamentary debates of 1904, defended ture that must be considered intensely relevant for critical the inescapability of subjective interpretation and there- reflection on two areas of academic work: the science of fore the perfect validity of worldview-directed university history and the humanities in general. The book exam- studies, such as those given at the Free University, against ines successive stages in the development of the thought the charge by Leyden professor Van der Vlugt that such of Butterfield in relation to fundamental issues in the his- studies were unacceptably “sectarian.” And decades be- torical discipline.
    [Show full text]
  • Liberalism, Social Democracy, and Tom Kent Kenneth C
    Liberalism, Social Democracy, and Tom Kent Kenneth C. Dewar Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d'études canadiennes, Volume 53, Number/numéro 1, Winter/hiver 2019, pp. 178-196 (Article) Published by University of Toronto Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/719555 Access provided by Mount Saint Vincent University (19 Mar 2019 13:29 GMT) Journal of Canadian Studies • Revue d’études canadiennes Liberalism, Social Democracy, and Tom Kent KENNETH C. DEWAR Abstract: This article argues that the lines separating different modes of thought on the centre-left of the political spectrum—liberalism, social democracy, and socialism, broadly speaking—are permeable, and that they share many features in common. The example of Tom Kent illustrates the argument. A leading adviser to Lester B. Pearson and the Liberal Party from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, Kent argued for expanding social security in a way that had a number of affinities with social democracy. In his paper for the Study Conference on National Problems in 1960, where he set out his philosophy of social security, and in his actions as an adviser to the Pearson government, he supported social assis- tance, universal contributory pensions, and national, comprehensive medical insurance. In close asso- ciation with his philosophy, he also believed that political parties were instruments of policy-making. Keywords: political ideas, Canada, twentieth century, liberalism, social democracy Résumé : Cet article soutient que les lignes séparant les différents modes de pensée du centre gauche de l’éventail politique — libéralisme, social-démocratie et socialisme, généralement parlant — sont perméables et qu’ils partagent de nombreuses caractéristiques.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wesleyan Enlightenment
    The Wesleyan Enlightenment: Closing the gap between heart religion and reason in Eighteenth Century England by Timothy Wayne Holgerson B.M.E., Oral Roberts University, 1984 M.M.E., Wichita State University, 1986 M.A., Asbury Theological Seminary, 1999 M.A., Kansas State University, 2011 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2017 Abstract John Wesley (1703-1791) was an Anglican priest who became the leader of Wesleyan Methodism, a renewal movement within the Church of England that began in the late 1730s. Although Wesley was not isolated from his enlightened age, historians of the Enlightenment and theologians of John Wesley have only recently begun to consider Wesley in the historical context of the Enlightenment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between a man, John Wesley, and an intellectual movement, the Enlightenment. As a comparative history, this study will analyze the juxtaposition of two historiographies, Wesley studies and Enlightenment studies. Surprisingly, Wesley scholars did not study John Wesley as an important theologian until the mid-1960s. Moreover, because social historians in the 1970s began to explore the unique ways people experienced the Enlightenment in different local, regional and national contexts, the plausibility of an English Enlightenment emerged for the first time in the early 1980s. As a result, in the late 1980s, scholars began to integrate the study of John Wesley and the Enlightenment. In other words, historians and theologians began to consider Wesley as a serious thinker in the context of an English Enlightenment that was not hostile to Christianity.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpreting Diplomacy: the Approach of the Early English School Written by Ian Hall
    Interpreting Diplomacy: The Approach of the Early English School Written by Ian Hall This PDF is auto-generated for reference only. As such, it may contain some conversion errors and/or missing information. For all formal use please refer to the official version on the website, as linked below. Interpreting Diplomacy: The Approach of the Early English School https://www.e-ir.info/2016/02/14/interpreting-diplomacy-the-approach-of-the-early-english-school/ IAN HALL, FEB 14 2016 This is an excerpt from System, Society and the World: Exploring the English School of International Relations. The Second Edition is available now on Amazon (UK, USA), in all good book stores, and via a free PDF download. Find out more about E-IR’s open access books here. In its first phase, which is normally dated from about 1959 to 1984,[i] the scholars who came to be labelled the early English School (ES), including Hedley Bull, Herbert Butterfield and Martin Wight, did not devote much effort to spelling out their preferred approach to international relations, let alone a research method. To make matters worse, the style and focus of their works varied, making it harder to distil an approach or method than it sometimes is when dealing with other schools of thought in International Relations (IR).[ii] But there are similarities in the essays and books produced by the early ES, and there were common commitments, and this chapter tries to tease them out. In general, the early ES took an ‘interpretive’ approach that concentrated on the beliefs of individual actors in international relations, assuming that explaining and evaluating their actions depends on interpreting the meaning they had for the actors who performed them.[iii] This approach entailed, as Herbert Butterfield and Martin Wight wrote in the preface to Diplomatic Investigations, a focus on ‘the diplomatic community’, which they – in contrast to some later ES thinkers – took to be synonymous with ‘international society’ and ‘the states-system’.[iv] Butterfield, Wight, et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Hdl 34403.Pdf
    PUBLISHED VERSION Hall, Christopher Ian History, Christianity and diplomacy: Sir Herbert Butterfield and international relations Review of International Studies, 2002; 28(4):719-736 Copyright © British International Studies Association Originally Published at: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=ISH PERMISSIONS http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displaySpecialPage?pageId=4676 Institutional repositories 2.4. The author may post the VoR version of the article (in PDF or HTML form) in the Institutional Repository of the institution in which the author worked at the time the article was first submitted, or (for appropriate journals) in PubMed Central or UK PubMed Central or arXiv, no sooner than one year after first publication of the article in the Journal, subject to file availability and provided the posting includes a prominent statement of the full bibliographical details, a copyright notice in the name of the copyright holder (Cambridge University Press or the sponsoring Society, as appropriate), and a link to the online edition of the Journal at Cambridge Journals Online. 23 April 2014 http://hdl.handle.net/2440/34403 Review of International Studies (2002), 28, 719–736 Copyright © British International Studies Association History, Christianity and diplomacy: Sir Herbert Butterfield and international relations IAN HALL* Abstract. Sir Herbert Butterfield, Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge (1955–68), Regius Professor of History (1963–68), and author of The Whig Interpretation of History (1931), was one of the leading historians of the twentieth century. A diplomatic historian and student of modern historiography, Butterfield was deeply concerned too with contemporary inter- national relations, wrote much on the subject and, in 1958, created the ‘British Committee on the Theory of International Politics’.
    [Show full text]
  • Mary Benson's at the Still Point and the South African Political Trial
    Safundi The Journal of South African and American Studies ISSN: 1753-3171 (Print) 1543-1304 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsaf20 Stenographic fictions: Mary Benson’s At the Still Point and the South African political trial Louise Bethlehem To cite this article: Louise Bethlehem (2019) Stenographic fictions: Mary Benson’s AttheStillPoint and the South African political trial, Safundi, 20:2, 193-212, DOI: 10.1080/17533171.2019.1576963 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2019.1576963 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 08 May 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 38 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rsaf20 SAFUNDI: THE JOURNAL OF SOUTH AFRICAN AND AMERICAN STUDIES 2019, VOL. 20, NO. 2, 193–212 https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2019.1576963 Stenographic fictions: Mary Benson’s At the Still Point and the South African political trial Louise Bethlehem Principal Investigator, European Research Council Project APARTHEID-STOPS, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel ABSTRACT KEYWORDS From the mid-1960s onward, compilations of the speeches and trial South African political trials; addresses of South African opponents of apartheid focused atten- Mary Benson; the Holocaust; tion on the apartheid regime despite intensified repression in the Eichmann trial; wake of the Rivonia Trial. Mary Benson’s novel, At the Still Point, multidirectional memory transposes the political trial into fiction. Its “stenographic” codes of representation open Benson’s text to what Paul Gready, following Foucault, has analyzed as the state’s “power of writing”: one that entangles the political trialist in a coercive intertextual negotiation with the legal apparatus of the apartheid regime.
    [Show full text]
  • Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
    Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan)
    [Show full text]
  • Inventing International Society
    INVENTING INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY Inventing International Society A History of the English School Tim Dunne Lecturer in International Politics Department of International Politics University of Wales Aberystwyth in association with Palgrave Macmillan First published in Great Britain 1998 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-0-333-73787-3 ISBN 978-0-230-37613-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230376137 First published in the United States of America 1998 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-21545-3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dunne, Timothy, 1965- Inventing international society : a history of the English school I Timothy Dunne. p. em.- (St. Antony's series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-21545-3 (cloth) I. International relations-Philosophy-History. 2. International relations-Study and teaching-Great Britain-History. I. Title. II. Series. JZ1242.D86 1998 327.1'01--dc21 98-17291 CIP ©Tim Dunne 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 978-0-333-64345-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WlP 9HE.
    [Show full text]
  • Literaturverzeichnis
    Literaturverzeichnis Jürgen Peter Schmied Sebastian Haffner Eine Biographie 683 Seiten, Gebunden ISBN: 978-3-406-60585-7 © Verlag C.H.Beck oHG, München Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis I. Quellen A Ungedruckte Quellen 1. Akten Archiv der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin. Matrikelbuch, Rektorat, 600/116. Jur. Fak., Bd. 309. BBC Written Archive Centre, Reading. RCont 1, Sebastian Haffner File 1. Bundesarchiv. Personalakte Raimund Pretzel, R 3001, 71184. Personalakte Raimund Pretzel, ehemals BDC, RKK 2101, Box 0963, File 09. Bundesbehörde für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin. ZA, MfS – HA IX/11. AF Pressemappe. ZA, MfS – HA IX/11. AF Z I, Bd. 3. ZA, MfS – HA IX/11. AF N-II, Bd. 1, Bd. 2. ZA, MfS – F 16/HVA. ZA, MfS – F 22/HVA. National Archives, Kew. FO 371/24424 FO 371/26554 FO 371/106085 HO 334/219 INF 1/119 KV 2/1129 KV 2/1130 PREM 11/3357 Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes, Berlin. B 8, Bd. 1498. B 11, Bd. 1019. 2 2. Nachlässe NL Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Bundeskanzler-Adenauer-Haus, Rhöndorf. NL Raymond Aron École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris. Centre de recherches politiques Raymond Aron. NL David Astor Privatbesitz. NL Margret Boveri Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Handschriftenabteilung. NL Willy Brandt Archiv der sozialen Demokratie. Friedrich-Ebert- Stiftung, Bonn. NL Eugen Brehm Institut für Zeitgeschichte, München. NL William Clark Bodleian Library, Oxford. Department of Special Col- lections and Western Manuscripts. NL Arthur Creech Jones Rhodes House Library, Oxford. NL Isaac Deutscher International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam. NL Sebastian Haffner Bundesarchiv.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Conceptualizing Orders in the Mena Region the Analytical Framework of the Menara Project
    No. 1, November 2016 METHODOLOGY AND CONCEPT PAPERS RE-CONCEPTUALIZING ORDERS IN THE MENA REGION THE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE MENARA PROJECT Edited by Eduard Soler i Lecha (coordinator), Silvia Colombo, Lorenzo Kamel and Jordi Quero This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No 693244 Middle East and North Africa Regional Architecture: Mapping Geopolitical Shifts, Regional Order and Domestic Transformations METHODOLOGY AND CONCEPT PAPERS No. 1, November 2016 RE-CONCEPTUALIZING ORDERS IN THE MENA REGION THE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE MENARA PROJECT Edited by Eduard Soler i Lecha (coordinator), Silvia Colombo, Lorenzo Kamel and Jordi Quero ABSTRACT The aim of this work is to set the conceptual architecture for the MENARA Project. It is articulated in five thematic sections. The first one traces back the major historical junctures in which key powers shaped the defining features of the present-day MENA region. Section 2 sets the geographical scope of the project, maps the distribution of power and defines regional order and its main features. Section 3 focuses on the domestic orders in a changing region by gauging and tracing the evolution of four trends, namely the erosion of state capacity; the securitization of regime policies; the militarization of contention; and the pluralization of collective identities. Section 4 links developments in the global order to their impact on the region in terms of power, ideas, norms and identities. The last section focuses on foresight studies and proposes a methodology to project trends and build scenarios. All sections, as well as the conclusion, formulate specific research questions that should help us understand the emerging geopolitical order in the MENA.
    [Show full text]