Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

celebrating 20 years

1986–2006 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 1

From the Director

The Shorenstein Center happily celebrates twenty years of teaching, research and engage- ment with the broad topic of press, politics and public policy. This publication describes the history of the Shorenstein Center and its programs, both past and present. Our mission is to explore and illuminate the intersection of press, politics and public policy both in theory and in practice. Our political climate has changed dramatically in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001; issues of civil liberty and national security have dominated our political discourse ever since. Globalization, rising tensions between corporate objectives and journalistic ones, and myriad developments in technology are among an ever-evolving set of challenges confronting the news media. These matters present us with a daunting but perhaps never more important task. We thank all of the students, scholars, reporters, donors, conference participants, brown bag lunch speakers, visiting fellows and faculty, and our wonderful staff, all of whom have made this a vibrant, thoughtful and collegial community. We are grateful to everyone who has participated in the Center over the past twenty years and look forward to expanding our programs in new directions as we take on the challenges of the future.

Alex S. Jones 2 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

The History of the Shorenstein Center

The Beginning

The Shorenstein Center was founded in 1986, but its roots can be traced back to the early days of the John F. Kennedy School of Government. The Kennedy School has been singular in declaring its mission to be teaching and research plus engagement with the real world, something that sets it apart. Early on, leaders at the School recognized that engagement with the press should be part of the School’s focus. Initially, that role was taken by the Institute of Politics, founded in 1966 with a mandate to inspire young people to careers in public service. Jonathan Moore was a member of the first group of IOP Fellows and was chosen to be the Institute’s Director in 1974. Under Moore, the IOP broadened its engagement with the press, conducting research, sponsoring conferences and inviting journalists to Harvard as fellows. But Moore and others recognized that the topic was too Graham Allison, Dean of the Kennedy School, and Derek Bok, important to be adequately addressed as a subsidiary part of the the President of Harvard, embraced the concept with great Institute, and in 1980 he drafted a proposal for a Harvard center enthusiasm. As Bok wrote: on the press, politics and public policy. His proposal read, One of my major concerns for almost a decade in part: has been to develop an outstanding graduate The influence of the communications media in school of government at Harvard that would be American political life is growing in force and fully comparable with the leading schools of law, complexity, yet it is poorly understood. . . . There is business, and medicine at Harvard and elsewhere. now no major center in this country committed to . . . The press-politics center is an integral part of sustained and integrated attention to the complex these plans. Scholarly inquiry and teaching in interactions between government and the press public policy and administration cannot be that the Harvard Center will undertake. Particularly complete without a deeper comprehension of the in a time of transforming change in the role of the interaction between the media and our political communications media in elective politics and institutions. . . . The state of our current knowledge governance, there is a need for systematic scholar- is not equal to the challenge inherent in the ship addressing new problems and conflicts in a communications revolution. Higher educational timely and useful way. Given the momentum institutions must develop a deeper understanding already established at the Institute of Politics in its of what is surely one of the most critical areas of press-politics programs, the infrastructure and public policy. commitment of the School’s public policy and A planning committee was established for the proposed center management curriculum, and the broad resources that included Samuel H. Beer, Hale Champion, Marty Linsky, of the University, the Center represents a unique Jonathan Moore, Richard E. Neustadt, Anthony G. Oettinger, opportunity to seize the challenge. David Riesman, Robin Schmidt and James C. Thomson, Jr. An advisory committee was also formed, with members David 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 3

Broder, Otis Chandler, Hedley W. Donovan, Katharine Graham, Graham Allison, reflecting on his meeting with Walter Stephen Hess, James Hoge, J. Anthony Lukas, Robert J. Manning, Shorenstein in August 1985, wrote to Walter: Alan L. Otten, Dan Rather, Jack Rosenthal, Frank Stanton and The fit between your goals in attempting to William O. Taylor. perpetuate the memory of Joan and the ideas and Harvard University created a new endowment fund entitled ideals she espoused, and our own effort over the “Media, Politics and Public Policy Center” with a $50,000 last couple of years to plan what Harvard should transfer from the Institute of Politics. Other early donors be doing in the domain of press-politics, is too included the Boston Globe Foundation, Cox Enterprises, Inc., close to be purely coincidental. In fact, it is not Jane Bancroft Cook, the Jessie B. Cox Charitable Trust, Gardner coincidental, since Joan’s circle of closest friends, Cowles, Walter Cronkite, Field Enterprises, General Electric like Al Hunt and Dave Broder, are the same Foundation and the Philip L. Graham Fund. people we’ve been talking to. . . . Because the alignment between our thinking to date and your The IOP continued to host events and conduct research on the own ideas is so close, there exists an extraordinary press and politics, and led the continued fundraising for the new opportunity to bring into being an institution center. These efforts resulted in $5 million in endowment funds that can make a meaningful, long-term difference for professorships, programs and fellowships. in American society. On March 10, 1985, Joan Shorenstein Barone died of cancer at the age of 38. At the time of her death, she was a producer of the “CBS Evening News with Dan Rather.”Joan had been inspired to go into political journalism by the Washington Post reporter David Broder, who was an IOP Fellow in 1969 when Joan was a graduate student at Harvard. After Joan’s death, her parents, Walter H. and Phyllis J. Shorenstein, sought to establish a memo- rial for their daughter. In conversations with Senator Edward M. Kennedy, Graham Allison, Derek Bok and Jonathan Moore, the Shorenstein family was persuaded that a Harvard research center dedicated to the study of press and politics would be an excellent tribute to Joan. 4 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

The Announcement

On December 10, 1985, Harvard University announced an endowment gift of $5 million from Walter and Phyllis Shorenstein for a new center to be named the Joan Shorenstein Barone Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy. (In subsequent years, Mr. Shorenstein contributed an additional $10 million to the endowment as well as numerous other gifts in support of the Washington office and Center programs. The name was changed to the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy in 1995.)

On September 27, 1986, the Shorenstein Center officially opened for business. Benjamin C. Bradlee delivered an address on national security and the press, and remarks were made by Senator Edward M. Kennedy, David Broder, Derek Bok, Walter Shorenstein and Jonathan Moore. The Shorenstein Center became the first named research center at the Kennedy School. 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 5

Building the Center

The distinguished political scientist Nelson W. Polsby was appointed Visiting Professor in the Frank Stanton Chair of the First Amendment and arrived in the fall of 1986. He also served as Acting Director of the Shorenstein Center. Polsby recruited the first fellows for the Center and hired a staff. The Center became home to graduate students from Harvard’s government department and the Kennedy School and hosted brown bag lunches and faculty seminars. Guest speakers during the first year included Howell Raines, Leonard Downie, Geoffrey Smith, Tom Patterson, Alan Ehrenhalt, Dan Hallin, W. Russell Neuman, Stephen Hess and others. Polsby and Kennedy School professor Gary Orren co-taught a seminar on the press and politics and co-edited Media and Momentum: The New Hampshire Primary and Nomination Politics. The Center co-sponsored a conference on Voting, Public Opinion and the 1988 Elections with the National Election Studies.

On June 1, 1987, veteran journalist Marvin Kalb became Director of the Shorenstein Center and Edward R. Murrow Professor of Press and Public Policy. The Murrow Chair was later endowed through generous gifts from G. Barry Bingham, Jr., Mary Bingham, and many other individuals, corporations and foundations. One of Kalb’s first moves as director was to propose a series of television interviews with all of the presidential candidates. In the fall of 1987, the twelve-part series “Candidates ’88” aired on PBS. It featured Kalb’s interviews with Republican and Democratic presidential candidates, broadcast live from the Forum at the Kennedy School. A book about the series was published, featuring essays on all the candidates by Shorenstein Fellow Hendrik Hertzberg. In 1989, the Theodore H. White Lecture was inaugurated with a panel discussion in the Forum featuring R. W. Apple, Jr., Benjamin C. Bradlee and John King Fairbank. Blair Clark, a Shorenstein Center advisory board member and former vice-president of CBS News, worked closely with Marvin Kalb to raise the funds from over one hundred friends and admirers of the legendary reporter. The Theodore H. White Lecture has become one of the hallmarks of the Shorenstein Center. The Shorenstein Center’s first Visiting Lombard Professor was Tim Cook. A Williams College professor of political science, Cook taught a course on the press and government in the spring of 1990. The Laurence M. Lombard Professorship was 6 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy established by the family and friends of Mr. Lombard, a director Today of Dow Jones & Company for twenty-eight years. Alex Jones, director of the Shorenstein Center since 2000, now occupies the The Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist Alex S. Jones has served as Lombard chair. Director of the Shorenstein Center since July 1, 2000. Under his Frederick Schauer became the first Frank Stanton Professor of the leadership the Center has become a major source of knowledge First Amendment in the fall of 1990. The chair was funded in the and authority on press ethics. Jones has enhanced the Fellowship early 1980s by gifts from dozens of media organizations and Program, raised the profile of the Goldsmith Awards, launched individuals in honor of Dr. Frank Stanton, president emeritus new initiatives to increase student engagement, and broadened of CBS. the advisory board. He has strengthened the financial underpinnings of the Center, with the strong support of the Shorenstein family. The chance meeting of a Harvard professor and a Philadelphia Jones inaugurated a new Washington-based program of briefings lawyer on a beach in Florida led to the establishment of one of for journalists and convened conferences on new issues such as journalism’s preeminent prizes, which is awarded by the blogging and journalism and the reporting of science. The Center Shorenstein Center. The professor, Gary Orren, and the lawyer, is one of five institutions selected to participate in the Robert Greenfield, soon joined with Marvin Kalb to create the Carnegie-Knight Initiative on the Future of Journalism Goldsmith Awards Program. The concept began with a desire to Education. The Center now offers the Lynette Lithgow Summer encourage strong investigative reporting and grew to include Internship Award, News21 internships, and a day-long workshop book prizes, fellowships and an annual career award. The on journalism for Kennedy School students interested in the field. Goldsmith Prize for Investigative Reporting, first awarded in The David Nyhan Prize for Political Journalism was endowed in 1993, has become one of the most prestigious awards in journalism. 2005 and is awarded in conjunction with the annual Theodore H. The first occupant of the Bradlee Chair in Government and the White Lecture. Press is Thomas E. Patterson, who arrived at Harvard from In 2006, the Kennedy School’s Dean, David Ellwood, oversees an Syracuse University in 1996. Benjamin C. Bradlee, former executive institution with over nine hundred students, forty-four tenured editor of the Washington Post, donated funds for the chair in the early faculty members and fifteen research centers. Over the last 1980s. twenty years, the Shorenstein Center has been one of the most Marvin Kalb directed the Center from 1987 until 1999. He active programs in the School and has hosted over one thousand formalized the Fellowship Program and expanded the research brown bag lunches, faculty seminars and conferences with leading output of the Center through foundation-funded projects on journalists, policymakers and scholars from around the world. presidential press conferences, the Pentagon Papers, press The contemporary challenges facing the media and their role in a coverage of the Soviet Union, race, presidential election democratic society prove the value of the Center’s original vision campaigns, the Los Angeles riots, China, financial institutions and and institutional mission. The interaction of the realms of press, more. He developed the introductory course on press, politics politics and policy has never been more intense and and public policy, expanded the Kennedy School’s curriculum, consequential, and the need for productive collaboration of the and launched a program on media and American democracy for academic and the practitioner never more palpable. In the high school teachers. With co-editor Pippa Norris, Kalb launched coming years, the Center is committed to strengthening its dynamic the Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics. mix of programs and participants, particularly fellows and faculty, as we engage the challenges of a rapidly changing media environment. —Nancy Palmer, Shorenstein Center, 1987–present 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 7

Joan Shorenstein Barone

Joan Shorenstein Barone is remembered by all who worked with her as one of the most dedicated professionals ever to enter the field of political journalism. In 1986, the Joan Shorenstein Center was established by a generous gift from Walter H. and Phyllis J. Shorenstein as a tribute to their daughter and to the standards she set for accurate, thorough and dignified reporting of current events.

Joan was born in San Francisco in 1947. She attended Mills College, where she was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and did graduate work at Harvard Divinity School. While in graduate school, a fascination with politics led her to enroll in a study group at Harvard’s Institute of Politics, which was taught by then–IOP Fellow David Broder. Broder was so impressed with Joan’s enthusiasm and ability that he recommended her for a job as a political researcher at the Washington Post the following year, 1970.

The dedication that was to distinguish Joan’s remarkable career was evident even at the beginning. Although she arrived at the Post with no journalism experience, she brought with her the qualities of a superb researcher—intellectual vigor, an impeccable memory and dogged persistence. In a column written soon after her death, Joan’s Post colleague Lou Cannon recalled her “abundant energy and her willingness to tackle any project, no matter how many others she had under way.” She was a particularly gifted researcher, who tended to go “beyond the specific question we put to her and answer the question we should have asked.”

In 1973, when Watergate was the top news story in the country, Joan left the Post to join CBS News. Word soon spread around the newsroom that the young newcomer knew better than anyone else the names, faces, dates and events associated with the scandal. Joan’s friend Lesley Stahl described her as a “walking encyclopedia” when it came to Watergate. Others fondly recall the collection of index cards on which, in her famously miniscule handwriting, Joan would write down every detail she could dig up on the story. According to Dotty Lynch, a former CBS colleague, those cards for a time served as the “institutional memory of CBS News, especially on Watergate.” A year after starting at CBS Joan was made an associate producer of “Face the Nation”(she was to be appointed producer in 1979); the following year, 1975, she married political correspondent Michael Barone.

Through her professionalism and the sheer force of her personality, Joan commanded the respect of Washington’s big players, and although she wore her influence lightly, her views were never in question. She was renowned, wrote Broder, “for being a stickler on the details” and for “never letting a politician or a reporter slide off the hard points of evidence or argument.”

After the 1984 presidential campaign, during which she was a CBS News producer specializing in politics, she joined the Washington staff of “The CBS Evening News with Dan Rather” as a producer. Joan held this position until the cancer she had fought for ten years finally claimed her life in 1985. She was 38 years old.

Joan Shorenstein left behind a legacy of excellence. On October 1, 1986, a few days after the Shorenstein Center’s inauguration, Joan’s longtime friend David Broder wrote a piece in which he considered how the Center could best honor the memory of this exceptional journalist. “The new Harvard center can do a service,”he wrote, “if it just finds a way to embody and commu- nicate the standards to which Joan Barone devoted her professional life.” 8 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Faculty

Alex S. Jones Nolan A. Bowie Director; Laurence M. Lombard Lecturer in Adjunct Lecturer in Public Policy the Press and Public Policy Nolan Bowie is a lawyer with a J.D. degree Alex Jones is a Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist from the University of Michigan Law School. who has been Director of the Shorenstein He writes, teaches and is an advocate for Center since July 1, 2000. He is the co-author, equity and ready access for all to relevant with Susan Tifft, of two books, The Patriarch: information and information technology. The Rise and Fall of the Bingham Dynasty, and His scholarly interests include establishing a The Trust: The Private and Powerful Family viable public sphere, reasonable expectations Behind the New York Times. In 1987 Mr. Jones was awarded the of privacy, universal literacy and democratic values in the Pulitzer Prize for his articles in The New York Times on the context of information and media policy generally. He was on collapse of the Bingham newspaper empire in Louisville, the faculty of Temple University prior to his appointment at the Kentucky. From 1983 until 1992 he covered the press for The Kennedy School. He teaches New Media and Democracy. New York Times. From 1996 until 2003 he was executive editor and host of PBS’s “Media Matters.”From 1993 until 1997 he was John S. Carroll host of NPR’s “On the Media,” a two-hour live weekly talk show Knight Visiting Lecturer examining press issues. From 1981 to 1982 he was a Nieman Fellow at Harvard. Jones teaches a course on the press, politics John Carroll has been the editor of three and public policy. newspapers: the Los Angeles Times, the Baltimore Sun and the Lexington Herald- Matthew Baum Leader. In 1963 he became a reporter at the Visiting Associate Professor of Public Policy Providence Journal-Bulletin. Early in his career at the Baltimore Sun, Carroll was posted Matthew Baum joined the Harvard faculty in to Vietnam, the Middle East and Washington. July 2006. He has been an associate professor of political science and communications He has received several individual awards, including Editor of studies at the University of California, Los the Year, from the National Press Foundation (1999), and has Angeles. His research centers on the role of directed coverage that won Pulitzer Prizes at the Philadelphia the mass media and public opinion in Inquirer, Lexington Herald-Leader, Baltimore Sun and the Los contemporary American politics. Baum is the Angeles Times. He teaches a course called Journalistic Values in a author of Soft News Goes to War: Public Opinion and American Time of Upheaval. Foreign Policy in the New Media Age. He teaches courses on the intersection of mass media, public opinion and foreign policy Marie Danziger and on political communication. Lecturer in Public Policy Marie Danziger teaches the Arts of Commu- Robert J. Blendon nication and is director of the Kennedy Professor of Health Policy and Management, School’s communications program. She has Harvard School of Public Health and Kennedy designed a women’s leadership curriculum School of Government for Radcliffe and taught management com- Professor Blendon directs the Harvard munication at MIT’s Sloan School of Man- Opinion Research Program and the Henry J. agement. She was also a journalist and Kaiser National Program on Public Health co-editor of a bilingual news magazine in Munich. She holds a and Social Policy, which focuses on the better Ph.D. in narrative theory from Boston University and is author understanding of public knowledge, attitudes of Text/Countertext and co-author of Communicating in Business and beliefs about major domestic public policy issues. He also Today. co-directs the Washington Post/Harvard University/Kaiser Family Foundation survey project and co-directs a project for USA Today and the Kaiser Family Foundation on American attitudes toward health and social policy. He teaches courses about public opinion, polling and political analysis. 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 9

Maxine Isaacs Alexander Keyssar Adjunct Lecturer in Public Policy Matthew W. Stirling, Jr., Professor of History Dr. Isaacs was press secretary and deputy cam- and Social Policy paign manager to Walter F. Mondale in his An historian by training, Alex Keyssar has 1984 presidential campaign and served with specialized in the excavation of issues that Vice President Mondale in the Carter White have contemporary policy implications. His House and the U.S. Senate between 1973 and 1986 book, Out of Work: The First Century of 1981. She was a Fellow at Harvard’s Institute of Unemployment in Massachusetts, was awarded Politics and at the Times Mirror Center (now the Pew Center) for three scholarly prizes. His book, The Right to Vote: The Contested the People and the Press. She is chair of the Board of Visitors of the History of Democracy in the United States, was named the best Maryland School of Public Affairs and a member of the University book in U.S. history by the American Historical Association and of Maryland Foundation Board. She teaches courses on presiden- the Historical Society. Keyssar is co-author of Inventing America, tial elections, and on foreign policy and public opinion. a text integrating the history of technology and science into the mainstream of American history, as well as co-editor of a series, Steve Jarding Comparative and International Working-Class History. In the Lecturer in Public Policy 2004–2005 academic year Keyssar chaired the Social Science Steve Jarding has spent twenty-eight years Research Council’s National Research Commission on Voting working in American politics. He is a past and Elections. He serves as area chair of democratic institutions executive director of the South Dakota and politics for the Kennedy School. Democratic Party, during Tom Daschle’s suc- cessful first U.S. Senate campaign, and former Mark McKinnon communications director in Bob Kerrey’s U.S. Adjunct Lecturer in Public Policy Senate campaigns in Nebraska. He has served as communications Mark McKinnon is an award-winning media director of the national Democratic Senatorial Campaign producer and communications strategist. He Committee and has run leadership PACs for Senators Bob has served as principal media advisor for Kerrey and John Edwards. In 2001 Jarding managed Mark more than one hundred corporate and polit- Warner’s successful run for governor of Virginia. He is co-author ical campaigns in the U.S., Latin America, of the 2006 book Foxes in the Henhouse: How the Republicans Stole Africa and Europe. He is vice chairman of the South and the Heartland and What the Democrats Must Do to Public Strategies, Inc., and president of Maverick Media. As chief Run ’em Out. He teaches Mobilizing for Political Action, and media advisor to President George W. Bush, he directed the Running for Office and Managing Campaigns. advertising effort for the 2000 and 2004 presidential campaigns. McKinnon is a co-founder of Hotsoup.com, a bipartisan issues- Marvin Kalb based online community. He will teach a course, Modern Lecturer in Public Policy; Senior Fellow Political Communication: From the White House to the (Washington) Blogosphere, in spring 2007. Marvin Kalb was the Shorenstein Center’s founding director and Edward R. Murrow Professor of Press and Public Policy (1987–1999). His distinguished journalism career encompasses thirty years of award- winning reporting for CBS and NBC News, as chief diplomatic correspondent, Moscow bureau chief, and host of Meet the Press. Kalb has authored or co-authored nine nonfiction books and two best-selling novels. His most recent book, The Media and the War on Terrorism, is co-edited with Stephen Hess. He hosts an award-winning public policy forum at the National Press Club called “The Kalb Report.” 10 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Richard Parker Frederick Schauer Lecturer in Public Policy Frank Stanton Professor of the First Richard Parker is an economist with a D.Phil. Amendment from Oxford University. He was managing Professor Schauer came to the Kennedy editor of Ramparts magazine, co-founder and School in 1990 and served as academic dean editor of Mother Jones magazine and of the school from 1997–2002. Previously, he editor/publisher of the Santa Barbara News & taught and wrote about constitutional law, Review. He came to the Shorenstein Center as freedom of speech and press, and philosophy a fellow in 1993, after a successful career in Washington running of law at the University of Michigan, the University of Chicago a direct-mail operation. His book, John Kenneth Galbraith: His and various other American law schools. His book Profiles, Life, His Politics, His Economics, was published in 2005. He teaches Probabilities, and Stereotypes grew out of research conducted a Kennedy School course, Religion, Politics and Public Policy. during his Guggenheim Fellowship. Other books include The Law of Obscenity, Free Speech: A Philosophical Enquiry, and Thomas E. Patterson Playing by the Rules: A Philosophical Examination of Rule-Based Bradlee Professor of Government and the Press Decision-Making in Law and in Life. Schauer has also written Professor Patterson is research director of the more than 125 articles for legal and philosophical journals. His Shorenstein Center and has held his faculty work has been the subject of numerous commentaries, including position at the Kennedy School since 1996. He four law review symposia and a book (Rules and Reasoning: previously taught at the Maxwell School at Essays in Honour of Fred Schauer) devoted exclusively to his Syracuse University. Patterson’s most recent contributions to legal reasoning. During the 2007–2008 academic book is The Vanishing Voter, published in year, Schauer will serve as the sixty-sixth George Eastman 2002. The book is based on a study of the decline of citizen par- Professor at Oxford University. ticipation in U.S. elections. Earlier books include Out of Order, which received the American Political Science Association’s Evan Thomas Doris Graber Award for the best book in political communica- Edward R. Murrow Visiting Professor of the tion; The Mass Media Election, which received a Choice award as Practice of Press and Public Policy (2004, 2006) Outstanding Academic Book in 1981; and The Unseeing Eye, As assistant managing editor of Newsweek which was selected by the American Association of Public since April 1991, Evan Thomas has guided Opinion Research as one of the fifty most influential books of the magazine’s overall coverage; he has also the past half century in the field of public opinion. Patterson is served as a special-projects writer since fall also the author of two American government textbooks, The 1996. Thomas served as Washington bureau American Democracy and We the People. chief from September 1986 to January 1996, directing Newsweek’s coverage of national affairs, including the White House, Pentagon and State Department. He is the author of The Very Best Men: Four Who Dared: The Early Years of the C.I.A. and The Man to See, a biography of Edward Bennett Williams. He co-wrote with Walter Isaacson The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made, about the U.S. foreign policy establishment. His most recent books include Robert Kennedy: His Life, and John Paul Jones: Sailor, Hero, Father of the American Navy. Thomas teaches Mass Media and Public Policy. 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 11

Visiting Faculty

C. Edwin Baker, University of Lawrence K. Grossman, former president, Pennsylvania; Visiting Lombard Professor, NBC News and PBS; Visiting Stanton Spring 1993 Lecturer, 1987–1988

W. Lance Bennett, University of James T. Hamilton, Duke University; Washington; Visiting Lombard Professor, Visiting Associate Professor in the Kalb Fall 1999 Chair on Global Communications, Fall 2002 Richard Berke, The New York Times; Visiting Adjunct Lecturer, Spring 2001 Sonia Jarvis, Board of Directors, Center for Responsive Politics; Visiting Lombard William M. Boyd II, Visiting Lombard Lecturer, Fall 1993 Lecturer, Spring 1995 l Marion Just, Wellesley College; Visiting l Timothy Cook, Visiting Lombard Professor of Public Policy, 1993–1994 Professor, Spring 1990; Adjunct Professor, l Wolfgang Donsbach, Dresden 1997–2001 University of Technology; Visiting Lombard Professor, Spring 1999

Robert Entman, The George Washington University; Visiting Lombard Professor, Fall 1997

Tom Goldstein, Arizona State University; Visiting Lombard Professor, Spring 1994

Rick Kaplan, former president, MSNBC and CNN-US; Visiting Lombard Lecturer, Spring 2001

Bill Kovach, Adjunct Lecturer, Fall 1994

l Doris Graber, University of Illinois at Chicago; Visiting Lombard Professor, Spring 1996 12 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

W. Russell Neuman, University of Roger Rosenblatt, author; Edward R. Michigan; Visiting Lombard Professor, Murrow Visiting Professor of the Practice Fall 1996 of Press and Public Policy, Fall 2005

Thomas E. Patterson, Kennedy School of Michael Schudson, University of Government; Visiting Lombard Professor, California, San Diego; Visiting Lombard Fall 1991 Professor, 1988

l Warren Phillips, former Chairman and l Alan K. Simpson, former U.S. Senator; CEO, Dow Jones & Co.; Visiting Lombard Visiting Lombard Lecturer, Spring 1997 Lecturer, Fall 1992

l Anthony Lewis, formerly of The New York Times; Visiting Lombard Lecturer, Spring 2002

Judith Lichtenberg, University of Maryland; Visiting Assistant Professor, Spring 1988

Scott M. Matheson, Jr., University of Utah; Visiting Stanton Associate Professor, 1989–1990

Ellen Mickiewicz, Duke University; James D. Squires, formerly Chicago Visiting Lombard Professor, Fall 2001 Nelson W. Polsby, University of Tribune; Visiting Lombard Lecturer, California, Berkeley; Visiting Stanton Fall 1990 William L. Nash, Council on Foreign Professor, 1986–1987 Relations; Visiting Lombard Lecturer, Fall 1998 l Neil Postman, Visiting Lombard Professor, Spring 1991 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 13

Students

The Shorenstein Center seeks to engage students in the Courses, 2006–2007 discussion of press and politics through courses at the Kennedy School and through events with practitioners designed to Press, Politics and Public Policy enhance the curriculum. Political Communication The Center also offers ways for students to gain practical experience in the press/politics field. With each new semester Mass Media, Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy come opportunities for students to work as research assistants to Journalistic Values in a Time of Upheaval fellows and visiting faculty. Our internship programs include the Lynette Lithgow Summer Internship, established in honor of Public Opinion, Polling and Public Policy former Shorenstein Fellow and BBC anchorwoman Lynette New Media and Democracy Lithgow. Each summer the $3,000 Lithgow award is awarded to a carefully selected Kennedy School student who has secured an Foreign Policy, the News and American Public Opinion internship within a news organization. Mass Media and Public Policy The Center is also a partner in the Carnegie-Knight Initiative on Modern Political Communication: From the White House to the Future of Journalism Education, through which students the Blogosphere may apply for the News21 internship program. The Initiative is Mobilizing for Political Action a partnership between the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, the Director of the The Arts of Communication Shorenstein Center and the Deans of four of the nation’s leading Running for Office and Managing Campaigns journalism schools—the Graduate School of Journalism, University of California at Berkeley; the Graduate School of Legal and Political Institutions in Development Journalism, Columbia University; the Medill School of Religion, Politics and Public Policy Journalism, Northwestern University; and the Annenberg School of Communication, University of Southern California. The Political Analysis and Strategy for U.S. Health Policy initiative aims to revitalize journalism education through research, curriculum reform and the innovative summer internship program News21, which emphasizes hands-on journalism study and practice. 14 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Fellows

The Shorenstein Center Fellowship offers a unique opportunity for accomplished individuals to share their knowledge and expertise in a collegial and intellectually stimulating environment. Fellowships are meant to result in a paper, article or book on a topic examining and analyzing the influence of the press on politics and public policy in the domestic or international arena. Fellows participate in the Center’s seminars and organized programs, attend public lectures and explore other cultural and intellectual activities at the University.

Twenty Years of Fellows

Fall 1986 Spring 1990 Fall 1992 Fall 1994 Clark Hoyt Dieter Buhl C. Edwin Baker William M. Boyd II John Ellis Fyodor Burlatsky Kim Campbell Spring 1987 Linda D. Jakobson Karlyn Kohrs Campbell Carol B. Conaway Hendrik Hertzberg James McEnteer Erna Smith Elizabeth C. Hanson John J. Watkins Betty Anne Williams William Newill Fall 1987 Lewis Wolfson Gadi Wolfsfeld Geoffrey Smith Gautam Adhikari Fall 1990 Spring 1993 Spring 1995 Spring 1988 Alexander Merkushev Dean Alger William John Fox Nicholas Daniloff Sylvia Poggioli Ed Baumeister Judson Lance Jeffries Henry Raymont Sissela Bok Maimouna Mills Fall 1988 Michael Russo Michael Milburn Warren Mitofsky Glyn Davis Richard Parker Claude M.P. Moisy Loren Ghiglione Spring 1991 Tom Wicker Colin Seymour-Ure Marion Just Andrew Robertson Fall 1993 William Lanouette William Wheatley Fall 1995 Adeyinka Adeyemi Betty Winfield Michael X. Delli Carpini Sanjoy Hazarika Spring 1989 Barrie Dunsmore Bernard Margueritte Bernice Buresh Fall 1991 Don Kellermann Henry Morgenthau Dayton Duncan Ann Crigler Paolo Mancini Jorge Quiroga Godfrey Hodgson Santiago Sanchez-Gonzalez Jacqueline Sharkey Carlin Romano Phillip Van Niekerk Sergei Sholokhov Pearl Stewart Jeffrey Trimble Spring 1994 Fall 1989 Spring 1996 Alison Carper Kiku Adatto Spring 1992 Elena Androunas Nik Gowing Patricia Ellis Elie Abel Ronnie Dugger Melinda Quintos de Jesus Beth Knobel Sergei Grigoriev James Endersby Raul Ramirez Jim Lederman Yoshiki Hidaka Steven Livingston Jay Rosen Linda Williams Montague Kern Denis McQuail Holli Semetko David A. Yepsen Bernard Roshco Margaret Scammell Zinovy Yuriev Sophia Wang 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 15 16 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Fellows

Fall 1996 Fall 1999 Fall 2002 Spring 2005 John Dancy Stephen Bates Roza Eftekharai Doug Ahlers Nachman Shai Bette Jean Bullert Jack Hamilton Julia Baird Richard Sobel Christina Holtz-Bacha Richard Lambert Hans Mathias Kepplinger Bartholomew Sparrow Paul Kellstedt Jack Nelson Geoffrey Nyarota Fred Wertheimer Jonathan Mirsky Jonathan Schell David Rohde Richard Morin Richard Schultz Spring 1997 Spring 2003 Walter Shapiro James Carroll Spring 2000 Al Franken Connie Chung Murray Fromson Esteban Lopez-Escobar Fall 2005 David Farrell Elisabeth Gidengil Margie Reedy David Anable Barbara Pfetsch Lynette Lithgow Terence Samuel Diane Francis Susan Moeller Michael Tomasky D. Sunshine Hillygus Fall 1997 Peter Molnar Zhengrong Hu Sara Bentivegna Stanley Renshon Fall 2003 Kevin Ryan Stephen Hutcheon James W. Carey Judy Woodruff Zachary Karabell Fall 2000 Cornelia Dean Kathleen E. Kendall Jason DeParle Ted Gup Spring 2006 Moshe Negbi John Gage Tomas Klvana Kimberly Gross Santiago Sanchez Gonzalez Julie Hall Regina Lawrence Charles Lewis Alexis Sinduhije Deborah Mathis Daniel Okrent Nelson Traquina Spring 2004 Robert Picard Spring 1998 Ingrid Lehmann Cristine Russell Lisa Bennett Spring 2001 Rebecca MacKinnon Tim Cooke Hans Bergstrom Seth Mnookin Fall 2006 Charlotte Grimes Trudy Lieberman Narasimhan Ravi Jill Carroll Thomas Keenan Jeff Madrick Barbie Zelizer Garance Franke-Ruta Stephen Ward David Nyhan William Powers Fall 2004 Allan Siegal Fall 1998 Fall 2001 Benjamin C. Bradlee Katsiaryna Ivanova Kevin G. Barnhurst Jacqueline Jones Sean Henry Jacobs Andrew Glass Martin F. Nolan Martha Kumar Rick Kaplan Fritz Plasser Jonathan Randal Ramindar Singh Alex Sanders Jim Sleeper Spring 2002 Spring 1999 Eytan Gilboa Thomas Benson Paul Kelly Michael Goldfarb Matt Storin William Hammond Ingrid Volkmer Xiguang Li Alina Pippidi-Mungiu 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 17 18 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Theodore H. White Lecture on Press and Politics

The Theodore H.White Lecture on Press and Politics commemorates the life of the reporter and historian who set the standard for contemporary political journalism and campaign coverage. White’s landmark book, The Making of the President, 1960, subsequent volumes on later campaigns and America in Search of Itself all remain vital historical documents on campaigns and the press. Before his death in 1986, Theodore White served on the Kennedy School’s Visiting Committee, where he was one of the early architects of what was to become the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy. Since 1989, the annual White Lecture has been delivered by a noted politician, journalist, or author.

Theodore H. White Lecturers 2006 E.J. Dionne, Jr.

2005 Peter Beinart

2004 William Kristol

2003 Robert Caro

2002 David McCullough

2001 Judy Woodruff

2000 Tom Brokaw

1999 Garry Wills

1998 David Broder

1997 William Safire

1996 Reverend Jesse L. Jackson David Nyhan Prize for Political Journalism 1995 William F. Buckley, Jr. The Nyhan Prize was established in honor of the late David Nyhan, a 1994 Cokie Roberts reporter and columnist for the Boston Globe who was a Shorenstein Fellow in 2001. The hallmark of Nyhan’s brand of journalism was the courage to 1993 Daniel Schorr champion unpopular causes and challenge the powerful with relentless reporting and brave eloquence. The prize honors outstanding work in the 1992 Senator Warren B. Rudman field of political journalism and is presented in conjunction with the annual Theodore H. White Lecture. The first prize was awarded in 2005. 1991 Benjamin Bradlee

1990 Walter Cronkite 2006 Molly Ivins 2005 David Willman 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 19

Goldsmith Awards

The Goldsmith Awards program is named after Berda Marks Goldsmith Career Award Winners Goldsmith (1892–1987), a lifelong resident of Philadelphia who, toward the end of her life, became passionate about politics. The 2006 Jim Lehrer Goldsmith Awards has as its goal the encouragement of a more Andrea Mitchell insightful, spirited public debate about government, politics and 2005 the press. The program includes the Goldsmith Prize for 2004 Linda Greenhouse Investigative Reporting, Book Prizes, fellowships and the 2003 Seymour Hersh Goldsmith Career Award for Excellence in Journalism. 2002 Christiane Amanpour The $25,000 Prize for Investigative Reporting has honored the pioneering work of teams of journalists nationwide. The Book 2001 Ted Turner Prize is awarded each year to two distinguished contributions to 2000 Bill Kovach the field of press and politics—one academic and one trade. The prize has recognized the work of writers examining free speech, 1999 Lesley Stahl public opinion, campaign advertising, and public television, 1998 Dan Rather among other topics. Financial support for the Goldsmith Awards 1997 Barbara Walters Program is provided by an annual grant from the Goldsmith Fund of the Greenfield Foundation. 1996 Peter Jennings 1995 Mike Wallace 1994 Ted Koppel 1993 No award given 1992 Bob Woodward and Don Hewitt 20 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Goldsmith Book Prize Winners Goldsmith Prize for Investigative Reporting 2006 James A. Stimson, Tides of Consent: How Public Opinion Shapes American Politics; Geoffrey R. Stone, Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime from the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism 2005 Daniel C. Hallin and Paolo Mancini, Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics; Paul Starr, The Creation of the Media: Political Origins of Modern Communications

2006 James Risen and Eric Lichtblau, The New York Times 2005 Diana Henriques, The New York Times 2004 David Barstow, Lowell Bergman, David Rummel and Neil Doherty of The New York Times, “Frontline” and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 2004 Scott L. Althaus, Collective Preferences in Democratic Politics: Opinion Surveys and the Will of the People; Paul M. 2003 Matt Carroll, Sacha Pfeiffer, Michael Rezendes, Walter Kellstedt, The Mass Media and the Dynamics of American V. Robinson and Stephen Kurkjian, Boston Globe Racial Attitudes; Bill Katovsky and Timothy Carlson, 2002 Duff Wilson and David Heath, Seattle Times Embedded: The Media at War in Iraq 2001 Karen Dillon, Kansas City Star 2003 Doris Graber, Processing Politics: Learning from Television in the Internet Age; Leonard Downie, Jr., and Robert G. Kaiser, 2000 Donald Barlett and James Steele, Time magazine The News about the News: American Journalism in Peril 1999 Manny Garcia, Dan Keating, Joseph Tanfani and Andres 2002 Robert M. Entman and Andrew Rojecki, The Black Image Viglucci, The Miami Herald in the White Mind; Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel, The 1998 Duff Wilson, Seattle Times and Michael Duffy, Michael Elements of Journalism Weisskopf and Viveka Novak, Time magazine 2001 Lawrence R. Jacobs and Robert Y. Shapiro, Politicians 1997 Glenn Bunting, Rich Connell, Maggie Farley, Sara Fritz, Don’t Pander: Political Manipulation and the Loss of Evelyn Iritani, Connie Kang, Jim Mann, Alan Miller Democratic Responsiveness and Rone Tempest, Los Angeles Times 2000 Robert McChesney, Rich Media, Poor Democracy 1996 Russell Carollo, Carol Hernandez, Jeff Nesmith and 1999 James Hamilton, Channeling Violence: The Economic Cheryl Reed, Dayton Daily News Market for Violent Television Programming 1995 Lizette Alvarez and Lisa Getter, Miami Herald 1998 Richard Norton Smith, The Colonel: The Life and Legend of 1994 Neill Borowski and Gilbert Gaul, Philadelphia Inquirer Robert R. McCormick, 1880–1955 1993 Douglas Frantz and Murray Waas, Los Angeles Times 1997 No award given and David Boardman, Susan Gilmore, Eric Nalder and 1996 Stephen Ansolabehere and Shanto Iyengar, Going Eric Pryne, Seattle Times Negative: How Political Advertisements Shrink and Polarize the Electorate 1995 William Hoynes, Public Television for Sale: Media, the Market and the Public Sphere 1994 Cass R. Sunstein, Democracy and the Problem of Free Speech 1993 Greg Mitchell, Campaign of the Century: Upton Sinclair’s Race for Governor of California and the Birth of Media Politics 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 21

Goldsmith Prize for Investigative Reporting 2000 Ken Armstrong and Maurice J. Possley, Chicago Tribune; Sang-Hun Choe, Charles J. Hanley, Randy Herschaft and Finalists Martha Mendoza, Associated Press; Sam Roe, Toledo 2006 Joshua Boak, James Drew, Steve Eder, Christopher D. Blade; Robert Whitaker and Dolores Kong, Boston Globe; Kirkpatrick, Jim Tankersley and Mike Wilkinson, Toledo David Willman, Los Angeles Times Blade; Marcus Stern and Jerry Kammer, Copley News 1999 William Allen, Kim Bell and Andrew Skolnick, St. Louis Service; Evelyn Larrubia, Robin Fields and Jack Leonard, Post-Dispatch; Will Englund and Gary Cohn, Baltimore Los Angeles Times; Susan Schmidt, James V. Grimaldi and Sun; Alix Freedman, Wall Street Journal; Bart Gellman, R. Jeffrey Smith, Washington Post. Dana Priest, Washington Washington Post; Michael Isikoff, Newsweek Post. A special citation was also awarded to Nicholas Kristof of The New York Times for his reporting on the 1998 Anne Brennan and William A. Mills, Cape Cod Times; genocide in Darfur. Chuck Neubauer and Charles Nicodemus, Chicago Sun- Times; Martin Gottlieb, Kurt Eichenwald, Josh Barbanel 2005 Paul Donsky and Ken Foskett, Atlanta Journal- and Tamar Lewin, The New York Times; Loretta Tofani and Constitution; James Fallows, Atlantic Monthly; Steve Suo Jeffrey Fleishman, Philadelphia Inquirer and Erin Hoover Barnett, Oregonian; Ken Armstrong, Florangela Davila and Justin Mayo, Seattle Times;Brett 1997 Jill Abramson, Helene Cooper, Phil Kuntz, Michael Moss, Shipp and Mark Smith, WFAA-TV, Dallas, TX. A special Glenn Simpson, Peter Waldman and John Wilke, Wall citation was also awarded to “Frontline” and the BBC for Street Journal; Chris Adams, Times Picayune; Elizabeth “Ghosts of Rwanda.” Marchak, Cleveland Plain Dealer; Charles Sennott, Boston Globe; Joe Stephens, Kansas City Star 2004 Russell Carollo and Mei-Ling Hopgood, Dayton Daily News; Staff of the Gannett New Jersey newspaper; Chuck 1996 Ralph Blumenthal, Adam Bryant, Stephen Engleberg, Neubauer, Richard T. Cooper and Judy Pasterna, Los Douglas Frantz and Matthew Wald, The New York Times; Angeles Times; Joe Stephens and David B. Ottaway, Gary Cohn and Ginger Thompson, Baltimore Sun; Sharon Washington Post; Phil Williams and Bryan Staples, WTVF- Schmickle and Tom Hamburger, Minneapolis Star TV, Nashville, TN Tribune; Fred Schulte and Jenni Bergal, Sun-Sentinel 2003 Mike Wagner, Ben Sutherly, Laura Bischoff, Ken McCall, 1995 Walt Bogdanich, ABC News,“Day One”; Susan Feeney and Dale Dempsey and Martha Hild, Dayton Daily News; Steve McGonigle, Dallas Morning News; Dan Morgan, David Cay Johnston, The New York Times; Steve Inskeep, Washington Post; Charles Neubauer, Mark Brown and National Public Radio; Brett Shipp and Mark Smith, Michael Briggs, Chicago Sun-Times; Joseph Shapiro, Penny WFAA-TV, Dallas, TX; Phil Brinkman, Dee J. Hall and Loeb, Susan Headden, Dave Bowermaster, Andrea Wright Scott Milfred, Wisconsin State Journal. A special citation and Tom Toch, U.S. News & World Report was also awarded to Seth Rosenfeld of the San Francisco 1994 Lisa Hoffman and Andres Schneider, Scripps Howard Chronicle for “The Campus Files: Reagan, Hoover and the News Service; Athelia Knight, Washington Post; Randy Lee UC Red Scare.” Loftis and Craig Flournoy, Dallas Morning News; Andrew 2002 Sumana Chatterjee and Sudarsan Raghavan, Knight Scheider and Peter Brown, Scripps Howard News Service; Ridder, Washington Bureau; Bob Drogin, Josh Meyer, Ted Wendling and Dave Davis, Cleveland Plain Dealer Craig Pyes, William C. Rempel and Sebastian Rotella, Los Angeles Times; David Willman, Los Angeles Times; Sean Holton et al., Orlando Sentinel; David S. Fallis, Craig Whitlock and April Witt, Washington Post. A special cita- tion was also awarded to The New York Times for “Portraits of Grief.” 2001 Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills, Chicago Tribune;Renee Ferguson, NBC 5, Chicago (WMAQ-TV); Mark Katches, William Heisel, Ronald Campbell, Sharon Henry, Michael Goulding, Rebecca Allen and Tracy Wood, Orange County Register; Brian Ross, Rhonda Schwartz, Vic Walter, Jill Rackmill, David Scott, Dawn Goeb, Jud Marvin, Gary Fairman, John Detarzio, Dow Haynor, Stuart Schutzman, Paul Slavin and Paul Friedman, ABC News, “World News Tonight”; Andrew Schneider and Carol Smith, Seattle Post-Intelligencer 22 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Events

Over the years the Center has invited many of the world’s most prominent journalists, academics, political activists and gov- ernment officials to dicuss topics relevant to the interaction of the press and politics. Meetings have been held in a variety of formats—conferences, forums, symposia, lectures and informal luncheons. Topics have included press coverage of race and politics; international developments; women, media and politics; presidential campaigns; the Supreme Court nomination process; and technology. Many events take place in the Kennedy School’s Forum, but the Center has also hosted events in Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, Chicago and New York City. The following people are among those who have participated as speakers in Center events over the years.

A.M. Rosenthal • R.W. Apple Jr. • Charles Bierbauer • Werner Kilz • Denis McQuail • Jonathan Moore • Nayan Chanda • Sidney Blumenthal • Albert Hunt • Michael Isikoff • Stephen Ansolabehere • Barbara Norrander • Kathleen Hall Jamieson • Michal Regunberg • Dieter Buhl • Tad Oelstrom • Adib Farha • Julianne Malveaux • Alex Keyssar • John Joyce • Victoria Churchville • Susan Pharr • Thomas Middelhoff • Ray Suarez • Carl Bernstein • Susan Herbst • Alex Jones • Connie Chung • Betty Winfield • Suzanne Malveaux • David Domke • Tom Edsall • Anna Greenberg • Henry Grunwald • Alexander Poumpianski • Nina Totenberg • Thomas E. Patterson • Burns Roper • David Brooks • Sylvia Poggioli • William Raspberry • Gretchen Morgenson • Mark Jurkowitz • Doyle McManus • Howell Raines • Belle Abaya • Doris Kearns Goodwin • Andrew Tyndall • Steve Curwood • Jim Sleeper • Tim Giago • James Hoge • Gail Harris • Alexis Sinduhije • David Frum • Richard L. Wyatt Jr • Bette Denich • Josh Hammer • Orville Schell • Rogers Smith • Ann Richards • Terry Tang • Joseph N. Cappella • Landon Parvin • Mary Klette • Bernard Roshco • Garrick Utley • Anne Barnard • Hodding Carter • Nicholas Daniloff • Sherry Jones • Carlos Watson • Miguel Antonio Bernal • Jim Lederman • Alexander Merkushev • Leslie Stone • Barrie Dunsmore • William Lanouette • Ken Bode • Fred Hiatt • Anthony Oettinger • John Harwood • Senator Edward M. Kennedy • David Broder • Al Haig • Paul Simon • Arthur Gelb • Cokie Roberts • Arthur Sulzberger Jr. • Dennis Schatzman • Ruediger Lentz • Judy Woodruff • Kathleen Matthews • Martha Raddatz • Ralph Begleiter • Anne Garrels • Peter Turnley • Barbara Pfestch • David Ellwood • Pearl Stewart • Tom Doherty • Monica Toft • Geoffrey Smith • Bartholomew Sparrow • Benjamin C. Bradlee • Todd Purdum • Jane Mayer • Karen Tumulty • William Porter • Lt. Gen. Tad Oelstrom • Matthew Miller • Diana Mutz • Judge Alex Kozinski • Peter Golding • Corky Lee • Jane Mansbridge • Daniel Benjamin • Tom Mann • Ambassador Herbert Okun • Bill Press • John R. Petrocik • Eileen McNamara • Ann McDaniel • Bill Schneider • Richard Parker • Deborah Amos • Peter D. Hart • Taeku Lee • Bob Beckel • Darrell West • Ali Webb • Sean Jacobs • Bernard Kalb • Jeff Eller • Ruben Blades • Michael Fuchs • Bernard Shaw • John Podesta • Bill McKibben • Pat Robertson • Jack Kemp • Gary Hart • Bruce Babbitt • Candy Crowley • Brett Alexander • Gary David Goldberg • Jeff Sagansky • Charles Lewis • Jennifer Lawson • Tom Wicker • Matt Groening • Sissela Bok • Peter Arnett • General Bernard Trainor • Rowena Webster • Carter Wilkie • Michael Russo • Walter Robinson • Bill Buzenberg • Suzanne Garment • Michael Sandel • Bonnie Boswell • Charles Sennott • Seth Effron • Doug Marlette • Andrew Heyward • Howard Fineman • Wolfgang Donsbach • Carmen Fields • Thomas Benson • William F. Buckley, Jr. • John Kenneth Galbraith • Chris Matthews • Jeanne Shaheen • Elena Androunas • Charlotte Grimes • Frank Rich • Chalmers Roberts • Ann Crigler • William Schneider • Hugh Sidey • Christy Haubegger • Richard Morin • Adam Nagourney • John Heilemann • Brian MacQuarrie • David Nyhan • Philip J. Hilts • Connie Schultz • Tara Murphy • Dana Priest • Anthony Saich • Christopher Bertram • Paul Szep • Etta Hulme • 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 23

Jeff Danziger • Jerry Holbert • Leslie Gelb • Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky • Christopher Lydon • Dan Okrent • Christopher Schroeder • Dan Hallin • Robert Rotberg • Chisun Lee • Pippa Norris • Randall Kennedy • Ann Cooper • Barbara Cochran • Lou Heldman • Clay Chandler • Majid Tehranian • Tim Berners-Lee • Elizabeth Drew • Linda DiVall • Gen. Bernard Trainor • Dan Rather • Cristine Russell • Daniel Yankelovich • Franklin Gilliam • Arthur Kent • David Plotz • Alan Murray • Robert E. Rubin • Stefan Aust • Neil Sheehan • Michael Traugott • Ann Compton • David Swanson • Michael Powell • David McCullough • Roger Rosenblatt • Bill Small • James Endersby • Susan Moeller • Carla Robbins • Erwin Griswold • Brooks Jackson • Candy Altman • Sergei Grigoriev • Anne W. Branscomb • David Mursten • William Hammond • Curtis Wilkie • Pam Constable • John Deardourff • Michael Delli Carpini • David Cay Johnston • Stephen Hutcheon • David Fanning • Joe Klein • Chaim Yavin • David Makovsky • Jeff Sommer • Susan Zirinsky • Tom Brokaw • Larry King • Sonia Jarvis • Raul Ramirez • David Paletz • William Kristol • David Shribman • Ronald Thiemann • Deborah Mathis • Georg Schutte • Derrick Jackson • Robert A. Caro • Diana Walker • Doris Graber • Evgeni Kiselev • Fred Wertheimer • James Carroll • Frederick Schauer • Gadi Wolfsfeld • Ellen Hume • Eric Alterman • Ethan Zuckerman • Linda Robinson • Richard Holbrooke • Don Oberdorfer • Bob Dumas • Edward Kosowski • Dotty Lynch • Gen. Vincent Brooks • Florence Graves • Mickey Edwards • Garry Wills • E. J. Dionne, Jr. • General William Westmoreland • Erna Smith • Mark Lukasiewicz • Bill Kovach • Glenn Close • Everette Dennis • Lawrence Bobo • George Crile • Timothy E. Cook • Geneva Overholser • Warren Strobel • Margaret Scammel • Elisabeth Sifton • Sandy Close • Donald MacGillis • Steven Livingston • Louis Heren • Geraldine Fabrikant • Michael Tomasky • Gil Troy • Gloria Borger • John Stockwell • Angus MacKenzie • Gerd G. Kopper • Celestine Bohlen • Whitman Bassow • Glyn Davis • David Willman • Greg Moore • Harriet Keyserling • George Stephanopoulos • Lou Cannon • Stephen Ambrose • Harvey Cox • Bill Overholt • Evan Thomas • Guy Gugliotta • Hans Bergstrom • Kurt Campbell • Michael Enright • John Kamm • Henry Raymont • Hilary Bowker • William Alford • Willy Lam • Robert Ross • Leo Lee • Melinda Liu • Bill Bradley • Drew Altman • Ed Turner • Ted Turner • Steve Scully • Howard Gardner • Jack Grierson • Humphrey Taylor • J. Bryan Hehir • Bob Dole • Stuart Loory • Maxine Isaacs • Jack Nelson • Daniel Schorr • Jacqueline Sharkey • James L. Gibson • Sergio Aguayo • John Bailey • David Welna • John Leo • Denise Dresser • Rossana Fuentes Berain • John S. Carroll • Raymundo Riva Palacio • William Orme • James Taranto • Ezra Vogel • Michael Yahuda • Burton Levin • Ming Chan • James Wallis • Dorothy Rabinowitz • Jane Kirtley • Paul Taylor • Richard Hatcher • Tim Cooke • William Beecher • Al Franken • Jason DeParle • Seth Waxman • Manuel Miranda • Ron Brownstein • Jay Harris • Fred Dalton Thompson • Jeff Madrick • Grover Norquist • Ralph Neas • Sean Rushton • Wade Henderson • Jeff Cohen • Justice Margaret Marshall • Jeff Greenfield • Thomas Mann • Donna Britt • Joe Davidson • Les Payne • Rochelle Riley • DeWayne Wickham • Al Gore • Michael Comiskey • Jiri Dienstbier • Eleanor Dean Acheson • Lyle Denniston • Mark Gitenstein • Elizabeth Arnold • Jeff Trimble • Blair Clark • Jim Lawson • Betty Anne Williams • Daniel Green • Jim Ocitti • Lawrence R. Jacobs • Shen Tong • Douglas Arnold • Elizabeth Becker • Jim Squires • Jonathan Randal • David Yepsen • Susan Page • Jodie Allen • Richard Reeves • Senator Nancy Kassebaum • Joel Greenberg • Ben H. Bagdikian • Clarence Page • Joanna Neuman • Bill Parent • Ernest May • Phillip van Niekirk • Danny Schechter • Jill Abramson • Larry Grossman • John Aldrich • Liu Binyan • Jonathan Rosenberg • Andrew Walder • Roderick MacFarquhar • John Chancellor • Charles Warren • John Ellis • Peter Beinart • John Gage • Tom Oliphant • Warren Christopher • Richard Cattani • 24 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Sara Bentivegna • Peter Green • Richard Lambert • Eugene Gantzhorn • John Hockenberry • John Newhouse • Christopher Hitchens • Josef Joffe • Louis Uchitelle • John Marttila • Peter Brown • Matt Ellis • Joseph Wilson • Judith Miller • Judy Richardson • Christopher Riback • Kitty Kelley • Julian Borger • Xiguang Li • Senator Alan K. Simpson • Jonathan Randal • Robert Novak • Theda Skocpol • Julie Hall • Ronald Walters • Bob Zelnick • Julie Johnson • Joseph S. Nye • Margaret Warner • David Sanger • Mario Broussard • Julie Kosterlitz • Karen deYoung • Jeffrey Dvorkin • Karlyn Campbell • Liz Murphy • Ellen Mickiewicz • Mark Whitaker • Kathleen Kendall • Susan Chira • Ted O’Brien • Yoshiki Hidaka • Michael Silberman • Anthony Lewis • John Carroll • Ken Auletta • Robin Sproul • Juliette Kayyem • Matthew Kerbel • Lawrence Grossman • Jeff Chester • Doug Kendall • Greg Stohr • Senator David Pryor • Kate Ivanova • Jack Beatty • Harry Harding • Katherine Fanning • John Dancy • Kati Marton • James Fallows • Kenneth Bacon • Lawrence Weshler • Kevin Phillips • Joe Thloloe• Kiku Adatto • Orlando Patterson • Kimberly Gross • Larry Sabato • John Wallach • Ed Baker • Stephen Ward • Yasheng Huang • Michael Massing • Laurel Leff • John Emerson • Marc Nuttle • Larry Rasky • Sheila Tate • Yong Deng • Hal Bruno • Margaret Shapiro • Liz Trotta • Tom Fiedler • Gail Sheehy • Leonard Downing • Marcus Brauchli • Alina Pippidi- Mungiu • Rodney Smolla • Linda Williams • Lisa Bennett • David Talbot • Marjorie Mowlam • Linda Wertheimer • Mark Hertsgaard • Charles Kravetz • Loren Ghiglione • Montague Kern • Beth Knobel • Marion Just • David Rudenstine • Andy Hiller • Mark McKinnon • Pauline Maier • Martha Bradlee • Susan Dentzer • Julian Semyonov • Martha Kumar • David Weaver • Kay Mills • Marty Linsky • Gwen Ifill • Mary Mapes • Senator Bill Bradley • Matthew McCubbins • William Safire • Matthew R. Kerbel • Robert Rubin • Meg Vaillancourt • Franklin Raines • Leon Panetta • President Bill Clinton • Carole Simpson • Gerald Boyd • Melissa Ludtke • Michael Berlin • Steve Coz • Marty Singer • Rahm Emanuel • Michael D. Mosettig • Michael Dukakis • Paul Slavin • Jonathan Banner • Jim Murphy • Marcy McGinnis • Stephen Hirsch • Bill Wheatley • Michael Gartner • Michael Goldfarb • Keith Reeves • Michael Oreskes • Abigail Thernstrom • Stephen Thernstrom • N. Ravi • Richard Neustadt • David Gergen • Michael Hagen • Peter Hart • Michael Schudson • Mo Fiorina • Peter Lucas • Moshe Negbi • Natalie Jacobson • Peter Galliner • Neil Postman • Nelson Traquina • Rev. Charles Stith • Newton Minow • Nicholas Burns • Norah O’Donnell • Paul Hollander • Paul Solman • Sanford Socolow • Peter Baker • Ed Fouhy • Jim Doyle • James St. Clair • Richard L. Thornburgh • Robert Gillette • Bettina Gregory • Harold Denton • Peter Steinfels • Ranald MacDonald • Barry Schweid • Sophia Wang • Elizabeth Rubin • Lt. Gov. Evelyn Murphy • Ann Lewis • Rich Jaroslovsky • Bernice Buresh • Robert Turner • Daniel Ellsberg • Robert Blendon • Michael Ignatieff • Zanny Minton Beddoes • Thomas Keenan • Andrea Mitchell • Rick Kaplan • Seth Mnookin • R.D. Sahl • Clay Mulford • Deborah Howell • Elizabeth Pond • Santiago Sanchez-Gonzalez • Richard Rosenfeld • David Greenway • Jean Gaddy Wilson • Frank Sesno • Carol Saivetz • Robert Entman • Robert Lichter • Ambassador Gideon Rafael • Katrina Heron • Zachary Karabell • Lynn Sweet • Andrei Perestaev • Andrew Kohut • Samantha Power • Noel Malcolm • Bob Kaiser • Robert Picard • John Henning • Fritz Mayer • Andrew Robertson • Margaret Drain • Robert Rabinovitch • Linda Greenhouse • Robert Reich • Roberto Eisenmann • Helaine Greenfeld • Dan Gillmor • Jeff Jarvis • Michael Kinsley • Robert Litan • Kathleen Day • William Niskanen • Diana Henriques • Chris Welles • Robin Toner • Roderick Hart • Roger Ailes • Michael E. O’Neill • Stephanie Cutter • Brad Berenson • Nan Aron • Jeffrey Toobin • Walter E. Dellinger III • Ted Olson • Sam Donaldson • Gary Orren • Christopher Arterton • Jeffrey Abramson • Dorothy Gilliam • Kay Mills • Godfrey Hodgson • Jo Thomas • Andrew Sullivan • Kevin Cullen • Sam Fleming • John Petrocik • Ted Koppel • Dan Balz • Eric Burns • Sam Fulwood • Warren Mitofsky • Bob Woodward • Tara Jackson • Rachel Brand • Scott Anthony • Bill Marimow • Sarah Chayes • Derek Bok • Walter Shorenstein • President Jimmy Carter • Sergei Sholokhov • Robert Erburu • Timothy Russert • Jesse Jackson • Pete DuPont • Richard Gephardt • Sen. Timothy Wirth • Buddy Roemer • Adam Clymer • Stanley Karnow • Richard Davis • Paolo Mancini • Stephen Bennett • 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 25

Andy Glass • Julian Bond • Graham Allison • Shirley Williams • Jack Fuller • Robert D. Putnam • Susan Douglas • Dayton Duncan • Bruce Bimber • Mike McCurry • Soma Golden • Tom Elias • Ellen Goodman • Fedor Burlatsky • Stanley Rothman • Martin Nisenholtz • Paul Sagan • Nik Gowing • Steve Brill • Hendrik Hertzberg • Richard Berke • Clay Johnson III • Elaine Kamarck • Raith Hardjono-Falakh • Steven Stark • Marcia Ann Gillespie • Katrina vanden Heuvel • Tom Bettag • Merle Goldman • Taegan Goddard • Lester Holt • Stanley Greenberg • Don Kellerman • Arianna Huffington • Todd Domke • Dorothy Samuels • John Hart • Tom Rosenstiel • Dan Payne • Walter Isaacson • Jay Rosen • Tim Russert • Alan Ehrenhalt • David Farrell • Stephen Inskeep • Richard Sobel • Todd Gitlin • Ronnie Dugger • Scott Armstrong • Floyd Abrams • John Emshwiller • Lawrence Summers • Trudy Lieberman • Pat Mitchell • Jesus Silva-Herzog • Aidan Hartley • Walter Pincus • Ambassador Corneliu Bogdan • David Rohde • Lord Alderdice • Tom Donilon • Stephen Hess • W. Russell Neuman • Walter Mondale • Andrew Kohut • Stephen G. Breyer • Ann F. Lewis 26 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Conferences, Forum Events Community Journalism How the Press Affects Federal Policymaking The Post–Cold War Era: What Difference Does It Make? The Mid-term Elections: Looking Forward to 1988 Campaign Reform Conference The Press and the Presidency Press Coverage and the Persian Gulf Voting, Public Opinion and the 1988 Elections Pentagon Papers New Initiatives in Children’s Television Campaign Lessons for ’92 Arms Control and the Summit Tiananmen Square Two Years Later: How Did the Media Perform? Election ’88 Old Media/New Media Freedom of Information in a Democracy Presidential Choices: What Will America’s Next President The Moscow Summit Do in His First 100 Days? Covering Gorbachev’s Russia The Shen Tong Affair: Democracy, the Media and China’s Future Press Coverage of the 1988 Presidential Campaign The Future of Television Technology and Politics: Has the Political Game Become a Presidential Debates and National Issues Video Game? Presidential Health, the Press and Politics: Balancing the Gorbachev and Change in the USSR: Implications for a Candidate’s Right to Privacy and the Public’s Right to Know New Administration Both Sides of the Podium Women in Journalism Live from the Battlefield: The Media and War Coverage Presidential Transition Conference Los Angeles Riots: What More Can We Learn? Executive Session on Polling Issues Facing the Media: What Lies Ahead? Press Coverage of Northern Ireland Image and Reality: The Tenuous Relationship between the Watergate: The Press and the Presidency after Fifteen Years Military and the Press Panic, Disaster and Deadlines: Three Mile Island Ten Years After Negative Campaign Advertising John Tower: Have Women Changed the Rules? Laughing Your Politics Off: Political Cartoons in the ’90s TV News Coverage of the Presidential Campaign Process Through the Revolving Door: Journalism and Policymaking in State Secrets and Public Policy: The Case of the Pentagon Papers the Age of Spin Values and Images in Presidential Politics Do Governments Work? Press Coverage of South Africa The Globalization of the World Economy China’s Next Revolution Public Figures and Private Lives: What Lines Should be Drawn? The Legacy of I. F. Stone: Investigative Journalism and Its Future Gorbachev and Bush: The Summits Resume Presidential Debates Conference School for Scandal: Lessons for the Politicians and the Press Race, Politics and the Press Television and Public Policy 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 27

Crosstalk: Citizens, Candidates and Media in the 1992 Presidential Campaign Comparative Democratic Elections The Presidency and the Press Economics and Journalism The Electronic Republic: Reshaping Democracy in the Information Age Journalism and Religion Everything You Wanted to Know about the Russian Elections, but. . . . Women, the Media and Politics: Lessons for ’96 The Presentation of Public Policy Issues on Television Is American Journalism in Crisis? Briefing for Journalists on the Transfer of Hong Kong from Restless Searchlight: Terrorism, the Media and Public British Colonial Rule to China Life Paparazzi and Celebrity Journalism Election USA Tabloid Journalism: Is It the People’s Right to Know? When Media, Science and Public Policy Collide: The Case of Food and Biotechnology Public Opinion, the Press and the Clinton Presidency Blogging, Journalism and Credibility: Battleground and The Politics of Black-White Relations in America Common Ground Enhancing Media Coverage of Children, Youth and Families Terrorism at Home: Challenges for the Media Covering The Internet and the 1998 Elections America’s Security Money, Markets and the News The Next Four Years: Perspectives of Black Columnists Presidential Debates Globalization Post 9/11 Executive Session for Journalists Changing Their Role of the Press, Political Parties and Interest Groups in the Washington “Beats” Supreme Court Nomination Process The China Incident: Press, Policy and Diplomacy The Press and the Entitlement Reform Debate President Bush’s First Hundred Days: Policy, Press Relations Proposed Shield Law Legislation and Leadership Covering the Intelligence Community Perspectives on the Press and U.S. Foreign Policy Subpoenas, Journalists’ Privilege and the First Amendment Conference on Race and the Press Blogging and News Values International Information Revolution: Media Outlook, Women Columnists on the Opinion Page Opportunities, Obsessions Human Rights and the Media Private Lives, Public Figures Can Government Act in Time? Nukes, Soft Power and Katrina Press Coverage of Mexico and the United States Understanding the Public on the Health Care Costs/Uninsured Information Flows in the Crisis: Patriotism or Propaganda? Issue: Implications for Journalists A War of Ideas: The Media as Shocktroops 28 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Research and Publications

The Center publishes reports and papers written by fellows and affiliated faculty members, as well as a journal that examines themes associated with press, politics and the making of public policy. Center faculty pursue individual research that appears in academic journals, newspapers and books. The Center also produces a biannual newsletter and maintains an active website. The Center’s journal, the Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, is edited by Thomas Patterson and Alex Jones. Its content is tailored to appeal to a broad audience of both scholars and practitioners. The journal is published four times a year by Sage Publications. Papers and Reports Books The Role of Georgia’s Media—and Western Aid—in the Rose The Politics of News: The News of Politics Revolution The Media and the War on Terrorism Army Manpower and the War on Terror Crosstalk: Citizens, Candidates and the Media in a Presidential Soft Power and Hard Views: How American Commentators are Campaign Spreading over the World’s Opinion Pages One Scandalous Story: Clinton, Lewinsky and Thirteen Days Measuring Media Diversity: Problems and Prospects That Tarnished American Journalism The Nixon Memo: Political Respectability, Russia and the Press “All successful democracies need freedom of speech”: American Efforts to Create a Vibrant Free Press in Iraq Candidates ’88 and Afghanistan Hard Choices: Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention Death in Wartime: Photographs and the “Other War” in A Virtuous Circle: Political Communications in Postindustrial Afghanistan Societies Setting the Agenda: The New York Times’ Jayson Blair Report Critical Elections: British Parties and Voters in Long-term and Its Impact on American Media Perspective Should American Journalism Make Us Americans? On Message: Communicating the Campaign Women, Media and Politics Pragmatic News Objectivity: Objectivity with a Human Face Electoral Change in Britain Since 1945 Whither the Civic Journalism Bandwagon? Women in Politics The Enemy Within: The Effect of “Private Censorship” on Press Politics and the Press Freedom and How to Confront It: An Israeli Perspective Terrorism, War and the Press The Rise of the New News: A Case Study of Two Root Causes of the Modern Scandal Coverage The Vanishing Voter: Public Involvement in an Age of Uncertainty We the People: A Concise Introduction to American Politics The Rise and Fall of the Televised Political Convention The American Democracy Pressing Concerns: Hong Kong’s Media in an Era of Transition The Mass Media Election: How Americans Choose Their Prepared for War, Ready for Peace?: Paramilitaries, Politics, and President the Press in Northern Ireland Media and Momentum: The New Hampshire Primary and Ijambo: Speaking Truth amidst Genocide Nomination Politics The Spokesperson—In the Crossfire: A Decade of Israeli Playing by the Rules: A Philosophical Examination of Rule-Based Defense Crises from an Official Spokesperson’s Perspective Decision-Making in Law and in Life. The Business of Getting “The Get”: Nailing an Exclusive Profiles, Probabilities and Stereotypes Interview in Prime Time John Kenneth Galbraith: His Life, His Politics, His Economics Shoah in the News: Patterns and Meanings of News Coverage The First Amendment: A Reader of the Holocaust 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 29

Junk News: Can Public Broadcasters Buck the Tabloid The Politics of Character and the Character of Journalism Tendencies of Market-Driven Journalism? A Canadian Press, Polls and the 1988 Campaign: An Insider’s Critique Experience Journalism, Value Creation and the Future of News Journalism and Economics: The Tangled Webs of Profession, Organizations Narrative, and Responsibility in a Modern Democracy News Consumption and the New Electronic Media Spreading the Word: The KGB’s Image-Building under Whispers and Screams: The Partisan Nature of Editorial Pages Gorbachev The Business Media and the New Economy The Foreign News Flow in the Information Age The Reporter’s Privilege, Then and Now The Next War: Live? Tensions of a Free Press: South Africa after Apartheid Post-Communist Eastern Europe: The Difficult Birth of a Free Press The Perpetuation of Prejudice in Reporting on Gays and Lesbians—Time and Newsweek: The First Fifty Years The Nigerian Press under the Military: Persecution, Resilience and Political Crisis (1983–1993) Talking Politics on the ’Net Paint-by-Numbers Journalism: How Reader Surveys and Focus Communication Patterns in Presidential Primaries 1912–2000: Groups Subvert a Democratic Press Knowing the Rules of the Game Hispanic Voices: Is the Press Listening? Clarifying the CNN Effect: An Examination of Media Effects According to Type of Military Intervention From Bhopal to Superfund: The News Media and the Environment The Wisdom of the War Room: U.S. Campaigning and Americanization TV Violence, Children and the Press: Eight Rationales Inhibiting Public Policy Debates Framing Identity: The Press in Crown Heights When Policy Fails: How the Buck Was Passed When Kuwait Busted by the Ad Police: Journalists’ Coverage of Political Was Invaded Campaign Ads in the 1992 Presidential Campaign The American Pattern of Freedom of the Press: A Model to The Media, the Public and the Development of Candidates’ Follow? Images in the 1992 Presidential Election The Nixon Memo The Future of Global Television News Notes for the Next Epidemic, Part One: Lessons from News Ownership of Newspapers: The View from Positivist Social Coverage of AIDS Science The Media in Europe after 1992: A Case Study of La Republica Transmitting Race: The Los Angeles Riot in Television News The Russian and Soviet Press: A Long Journey from How Voters Construct Images of Political Candidates: The Role Suppression to Freedom via Suppression and Glasnost of Political Advertising and Televised News Different Strokes: Public Broadcasting in America and Australia Shadowboxing with Stereotypes: The Press, the Public, and the Candidates’ Wives Changing Lanes on the Inside Track: The Career Shuttle between Journalism, Politics and Government The Role of the News Media in Unequal Political Conflicts: From the Intifada to the Gulf War and Back Again Expanding the Public’s Right to Know: Access to Settlement Records under the First Amendment Two Commanders-in-Chief: Free Expression’s Most Severe Test Lies in Ink, Truth in Blood An Economic Theory of Learning from News Window to the West: How Television from the Federal Republic The Church, the Press, and Abortion: Catholic Leadership and Influenced Events in East Germany Public Communication School for Scandal Through the Revolving Door: Blurring the Line between the Press and Government Reflections on Television’s Role in American Presidential Elections Parsing the Pentagon Papers 30 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Covering September 11 and Its Consequences: A Comparative Study of the Press in America, India and Pakistan The War on Terrorism Goes Online: Media and Government Response to the First Post–Internet Crisis The Form of Reports on U.S. Newspaper Internet Sites The Content of Reports on U.S. Newspaper Internet Sites No Seat at the Table: The Black-White Appearance Gap in the Election 2000 Story Political Leadership in a Divided Electorate: Assessing Character Issues in the 2000 Presidential Campaign The New York Times Rule on the ’Net or in the World Sound Bite Democracy: Network Evening News Presidential Campaign Coverage, 1968 and 1988 Strategic Public Relations, Sweatshops, and the Making of a Global Movement Tritium and the Times: How the Nuclear Weapons-Production Scandal Became a National Story A Question of Relativity: The Role of the News Media in Shaping the View of Women in Asian Political Dynasties Orwell Meets Nixon: When and Why “The Press” became “The Media” Talking Tough: Gender and Reported Speech in Campaign News Coverage Are America and “Old Europe” Reconciled after the War in Iraq, and Does it Matter? An Examination of U.S. and Getting the Story in China: American Reporters Since 1972 European Reporting of the Outcome of the Presidential Rainbow’s End: Public Support for Democracy in the New Election South Africa Different Stories: How the Newspapers in the United States, To Entertain, Inform, and Educate—Still the Role of Public Britain and South Asia Covered the Iraq War Television in the 1990s? Framing Obesity: The Evolution of News Discourse on a Public Who Were the Saigon Correspondents and Does It Matter? Health Issue “Great sound makes no noise”—Creeping Freedoms in Chinese New Europe’s Civil Society, Democracy and the Media Thirteen Press Years After: The Story of the Czech Republic State into Public: The Failed Reform of State TV in East Covering the CIA in Times of Crisis: Obstacles and Strategies Central Europe The Worldwide Conversation: Online Participatory Media and Our President/Their Scandal: The Role of the British Press in International News Keeping the Clinton Scandals Alive Exploring the Transatlantic Media Divide over Iraq: How and Speechwriting, Speechmaking, and the Press: The Kennedy Why U.S. and German Media Differed in Reporting on Administration and the Bay of Pigs U.N. Weapons Inspections in Iraq: 2002–2003 Press Coverage of Belarus: A Newly Independent Country Dialectical Spaces in the Global Public Sphere: Media in Transition Memories across Generations The Decline, But Not Yet Total Fall, of Foreign News in the Misunderstanding Each Other U.S. Media Media Coverage of Corporate Social Responsibility A Voyage Never Ended Redefining Foreign Correspondence Discourse and Its Discontents U.S. Government Secrecy and the Current Crackdown on Leaks Real-Time Television Coverage of Armed Conflicts and The Race Issue in Australia’s 2001 Election: A Creation of Diplomatic Crises: Does It Pressure or Distort Foreign Politicians or the Press? Policy Decisions? While America Slept: Coverage of Terrorism from 1993 to Reviving the Presidential Press Conference September 11, 2001 The Future of Presidential Debates The Global News Networks and U.S. Policymaking in Defense Restoring the Bond: Campaign Lessons for ’92 and Foreign Affairs Nine Sundays: A Proposal for Better Presidential Campaign Age in the Press Coverage 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 31

Turmoil at Tiananmen: A Study of U.S. Press Coverage of the Eleven Recommendations for Improving Election Night Beijing Spring of 1989 Coverage Politics and the Press Diminishing Returns: A Comparison of the 1968 and 2000 Public Involvement and the 2000 Nominating Campaign: Election Night Broadcasts Implications for Electoral Reform When Media, Science, and Public Policy Collide: The Case of Lessons from the Last Convention Food and Biotechnology Is There a Future for On-the-Air Televised Conventions? Implementation of Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the American Press: Objectives, Obstacles, and Incentives Doing Well and Doing Good: How Soft News and Critical Journalism Are Shrinking the News Audience and The American Media and Race Relations in an Interdependent Weakening Democracy—And What News Outlets Can Do World: A Report on the Shorenstein Center Conference on about It Race and the Press The American Media and Race Relations in an Interdependent The Internet and the 2000 Republican Convention: World An Appraisal Cable News Goes to War: Is Objectivity a Casualty? Money, Markets and the News: Press Coverage of the Modern Revolution in Financial Institutions 32 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Thank You

The Shorenstein Center has received financial contributions from hundreds of individuals, foundations and corporations. We are enormously grateful for the gifts of so many people and institutions, many of whom are listed on the following pages.

In particular, the Center is indebted to Walter Shorenstein for two decades of generous financial support and friendship.

Walter Shorenstein is one of the nation’s most successful businessmen. He began his real estate career in 1946 after being discharged from the Army as a Major in San Francisco. He started in property management with the brokerage firm Milton Meyer & Company where he was made a partner in 1951. In 1953 he was named a “Leader of Tomorrow” by Time magazine. By 1960 Mr. Shorenstein had become President and sole owner of Milton Meyer & Company, and the firm was subsequently renamed the Shorenstein Company. Mr. Shorenstein dramatically expanded the company’s real estate development and management activities. Under his leadership the Shorenstein Company became the largest privately held owner and operator of Class A office buildings nationwide, with over seven million square feet in downtown San Francisco, as well as significant holdings in New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Charlotte, Kansas City and Boston.

Mr. Shorenstein has been active in politics and philanthropy throughout his career. He is a longtime supporter of the Democratic Party and received the Democratic National Committee’s first ever Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997. In 1995 he chaired the United Nations’ Fiftieth Anniversary Charter Commemorative Celebration in San Francisco. The Shorenstein family is one of the nation’s leading supporters of the United Way.

Walter and his late wife, Phyllis, had three children—Joan, Carole and Douglas. Doug Shorenstein joined the family business in 1983 and became Chairman and CEO of the Shorenstein Company in 1995. Carole Shorenstein Hays is a Tony Award–winning Broadway producer and President of SHN, a theatrical entertainment company in San Francisco. In 1986 Walter and Phyllis Shorenstein endowed the Shorenstein Center in memory of Joan, an influential political journalist and producer at CBS News.

Mr. Shorenstein was a founding supporter of the Kennedy School’s Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative. He also sponsors the Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center at Stanford University, as well as programs at the University of California at Berkeley’s Institute of East Asian Studies. 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 33

Martin F. Nolan • Fannie Mae • Carnegie Corporation of New York • Donna E. Shalala • St. Petersburg Times • Jacqueline A. O’Neill • Pacific Telesis • Martin Linsky • Brooks-Matthews Foundation • Pisces Foundation • Nancy Nyhan • Margret Rey • John Sasso • Sander Vanocur • Bernard Shaw • U.S. Institute for Peace • McGeorge Bundy • Carl Mydans • S. Labiner • Mrs. Gordon Tweedy • Dan Rather • Caspar Weinberger • Stan S. Grossfeld • C. Vann Woodward • Blair Clark • Melanie Best • John & Kirsten Lockwood • Southerland Bundy • Mr. & Mrs. Karl D. Yordy • Fleet Boston Financial • Graham & Elisabeth Allison • Boston Newspaper Guild • Joseph Kastner • California Teachers Association • Frank Stanton • KOOL Radio-Television Inc. • William R. Hewlett • Jo Shuman • Vita Paladino-McElroy • Benno C. Schmidt • KHOU-TV • Joyce Foundation • Senator & Mrs. Alan K. Simpson • KREM-TV • Wine Institute • Irving M. London • Susan Worth • Marjorie V. Hickey • Edward F. Jesser & Constance M. Kastelnik • Westinghouse Electric Corporation and CBS • Macromedia, Inc./Malcolm Borg • Alex S. Jones • Corinthian Broadcasting Corp. • Anne C. Wyman • Douglas C. Ahlers • Geraldine Gibbs • Westinghouse Foundation • Mary Bingham • Barbara Hunnewell • Gordon Albert Martin Jr. • William Lerach • Ford Foundation • Hemenway & Barnes • Hugh S. Sidey • Michael J. O’Neill • Timothy Leland • Gloria Persad • Sally & Bill Taylor • Group W/Westinghouse Broadcasting Company • J. Stanley Pottinger • Jennifer Lockwood • David Wilson • Brian C., Rosemary L. & Meredith L. Mooney • Elizabeth Whitman • Susan R. Trausch • Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation • Mr. & Mrs. Donald V. West • Michael D. Mosettig • Morley Safer • Herbert Tobin • William McCormick Blair Jr. • Coca-Cola Company • Senator & Mrs. David Pryor • C. Pinto McLain • Institute of Politics • Queens Gate Foundation • John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation • Katherine Fanning • Nathan Appleman • Art Buchwald • David O. Maxwell • Appleman Foundation • General Electric Foundation • Paul R. Bartlett • Lawrence K. Grossman • New York Times Company Foundation, Inc. • Veronica Nyhan Jones & Jake Jones, Jr. • Forbes Foundation • Whitehead Foundation • Marvin & Madeleine Kalb • Jean Hughes Brown • James Lockwood • Spencer Foundation • Henry Morgenthau • Richard Norman • Benjamin C. Bradlee • John & Diddy Cullinane • Maxine Isaacs & James A. Johnson • Cox Enterprises Inc. • Scott M. Matheson • Charles Kuralt • Connie Chung • Andrew Heiskel • Bernice Buresh • KBIM-TV • I. Shannon • Hickrill Foundation • Fetzer Broadcasting • John R. Carroll • Lee Enterprises, Inc. • Stuart Sherman • Glorious Foods • Gordon & Stephanie Martin • Benedek Broadcasting Company, Inc. • Joseph Wershba • John S. and James L. Knight Foundation • Robert B. Oxnam • Beneficial Corporation • Kovler Foundation • Ronald H. & Jeanne Orleans • Osborn Elliot • Christopher & Patricia Nyhan • Kitty Carlisle Hart • Jefferson Pilot Broadcasting • Henry A. Grunwald • Patricia and Bernard Haitink • Sony Corporation • Aldo Lera • Television Wisconsin, Inc. • Margo Nyhan Lockwood • Robert Kleinman • Joseph A. Barkett • Joseph A. Stern • Boston Foundation • Edison Electric Institute • A. M. Rosenthal • Timothy B. Clark • Allen Grover • Tom O’Gara • University of Richmond/Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology • Fred & Linda Wertheimer • Julian Bach • Meredith Corporation • John Reidy • G. J. W. Goodman • Peter Kaufman • Bartholomew Sparrow • Herbert E. Alexander • Mike & Lorraine Wallace • Clemence Lieber Foundation • Nancy & Robert Giles • McGraw-Hill Foundation, Inc. • Richard E. Cavanagh • Doris Graber • National Science Foundation • Garner Anthony • Eli Jacobs • Goldsmith Fund of the Greenfield Foundation • Sean P. Murphy • Thomas E. Patterson • Houghton Mifflin Co. • Daniel Steiner • Ambassador Tommy Koh • United Way of the Bay Area • Robert Chandler • General Motors Corporation • Linda & Charles Tu • Gardner Stern • Norman Foundation • Brad Voigt • Henry R. Luce Jr. • Mr. & Mrs. Cyrus R. Vance • David D’Alessandro • Richard Leibner • Philip & Hannah Kaiser • IBM Corporation • David F. D’Alessandro • Goodman Family Foundation • Nicholas Daniloff • Katherine Heggie • Mr. & Mrs. Thomas P. Whitney • Jake Jones • Hedva & Walt Glickenhaus • Forward Communication Corp. • Senator & Mrs. Edward M. Kennedy • Rothschild Family Foundation • General Electric • Freedom Forum • Nancy Palmer & Steve Rothman • David Rockefeller • Clifton Daniel • Mrs. Laurence M. Lombard • Richard J. Tofel • J. Mann • 34 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Marjorie F. Iseman • Guido R. Perrera Trust • William Miller • Stephen Wolfberg • Thornton F. Bradshaw • Ayco Charitable Foundation • Goldsmith-Greenfield Foundation • Boston Globe Foundation • Edward K. Thompson • Martin Plissner • Northern Television Inc. • Koch Charitable Foundation • James C. Lehrer • Dorothy & Francis Floyd • MIT Press • Richard Parker • RJR Nabisco, Inc. • Harte Hanks Communications • International Advisory Group • Griffin TV, Inc. • Mrs. Edward R. Murrow • Communication Workers of America • NHK • Guinzburg Fund • Henry H. Hammond • Annenberg Fund • Warren Phillips • William Scranton • Albert G. Dancy • Bernard & Sarah Gewirz Foundation • Robert & Nancy Giles • Chevron Texaco • Mr. & Mrs. Werner H. Kramarsky • Michael Zoob • Stanley Roth Sr. Charitable Lead Trust • Edward I. Koch • Jack Nelson & Barbara Matusow • Ted Koppel • Ashbel & Anna Green • Pulitzer Broadcasting Company/Ken Elkins • Walter Mears • Howard J. Brown • Michael Skakun • Norman Dorsen • Richard Heffner • Mr. & Mrs. Matthew V. Storin • Union Pacific Foundation • California Wine Institute Research Fund • Pew Charitable Trusts • Philip L. Graham Fund • Shorenstein Foundation for Harvard • Walter & Marie Ridder • Herbert Mitgang • William B. Ketter • David Alger • Twentieth Century Fund • Arthur W. Arundel • Roy A. Hammer • William P.Green • Thomas J. Hynes Jr. • Daniel Schorr • Kermit I. Lanser • Bernard Kalb • United Technologies • Erin Lee Jones • Mel Stuart • Mrs. Arthur Hays Sulzberger • Katherine O’Brien • RCA • Noe Enterprises, Inc. • David H. Morse • Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis • Mr. & Mrs. Millstone • Fred Friendly • Robert C. Pierpoint • Francis & Dorothy Floyd • James M. Lombard • John F. Breglio • Salina Dookheran • Laurence M. Lombard Charitable Annuity • Midwest Radio-TV, Inc. • David & Kathryn Dahl • Rick Kaplan • Gary Coleman • Maynard Partners LLC • Victor L. Marcus • Paul McDermott • E. Fleischmann • Nick W. Nyhan • Marion R. Just • Judith Robbins • Arthur Schlesinger Jr. • Westinghouse Broadcasting & Cable, Inc. • Andrew Glass • Chase Manhattan Bank • Cynthia & Michael O’Connor • Carol Stocker • Minow Family Foundation • Stanley & Elsie Roth Foundation, Inc. • Arthur L. Carter • Richard S. Salant • Warner Communications Inc. • Byron McDonald • Loren Ghiglione • Pierre Salinger • Spartan Broadcasting Company • James C. Hormel • Dow Jones & Co., Inc. • NBC • William and Flora Hewlett Foundation • William Adams • Markle Foundation • Peter A. Jones • Jack Connors Jr. • Donald Wilson/The Wilson Fund • P. Sinclair • Theodore C. Sorenson • Albert R. Hunt • Hushang Ansary • William O. Taylor • Matz Foundation • John Jacquemin • National Education Association • Mr. & Mrs. Richard Wier • Saul G. Cohen • WCSC, Inc. • Jean P. Rudnick • Peter G. Peterson • Denise Miller • Martha Kumar • Richard Edelman • Kyle Jones • Field Enterprises Charitable Corporation • N.S. Bienstock, Inc. • Schuyler Chapin • Christina & Ernest Godshalk • Stanley Marcus • William Walton • Barbara W. Kerr • Barbara Dixon • Vivian & Odin Ramsland • Bernard Frizell • Leah Levitas • California Wine Institute • Francis B. Phillips • Trudy Lieberman • Jane Coleman • David Thompson • William Poorvu • Richard Lambert • WBNS-TV, Inc. • Bonneville International Corporation • WBAL-TV Division • Philip S. Balboni • AT&T • Buffalo Broadcasting • William S. Wasserman • S. Michael Bessie • HBO • Arie and Ida Crown Foundation • Arthur & Carol Lieber • Christina Nyhan Hoffman & Paul C. Hoffman • David E. Thompson • Edith M. Holway • Mrs. Eppie Lederer • Jennifer Nyhan • Senator Daniel P. Moynihan • Margo Howard • Dow Jones Foundation • New York Times Broadcast Service • New York Stock Exchange Foundation • Stanley & Henrietta Berger • Howard Kaminsky • Thomas B. Morgan • John Hancock Financial Services • Stephen E. Smith • R. Sherwood • Florence and John Schumann Foundation • TV Asahi • Howard Sloan • Geoffrey Smith • Mr. & Mrs. Abraham M. Rosenthal • Stanley Renshon • Don Hewitt • F. J. Nyhan • Gladys R. White • CBS, Inc. • Ira & Martha Jackson • Jessie B. Cox Charitable Trust • Ralph E. Becker • Roger H. Mudd • Stephen A.P. Greyser • William Ruder • Ambassador Han Xu • Bayard Henry • Thomas Winship • W. Russell Neuman • John L. Saltonstall Jr. • Kaiser Family Foundation • Lawrence S. DiCara • Elizabeth C. Hanson • Governor Blanchard • Cory Dunham • Irwin Ross • John & Barbara Chancellor • Mrs. John I. B. McCulloch • Nancy L. Johnson • Philip T. Cavanaugh • Roy M. Goodman • Sophia Wang • Albert J. Dwoskin • Bank of America • Time Warner • Walter H. Shorenstein • British Broadcasting Corporation • Capital Cities Inc. • John B. M. Place • KMST/RETLAW Broadcasting Co. • KYCU-TV • Malcolm Wiener • Matthew Broder • Michael F. Groden • David White • Edgine & Donald Rice Charitable Trust • Felice Shea • Gail Lumet Buckley • Charles Brenner • Connor Nyhan • Heyden White Rostow • James M. Cannon • Michael R. Sandler • Nick T. Mitropoulos • Norman Lear • Ralph F. Colin • Robert V. & Elizabeth C. Whitman • Stephen A. Kurkjian • William Kurtis • 20th Anniversary 1986–2006 35

Andrew Rooney • Beatrice H. White • Ted Rosenberg • Carter Hawley Hale Stores • John M. Hamilton • LBJ Company • Mary & Barry Bingham Sr. Fund • Diane Sawyer/The Daedelus Foundation • Elizabeth & Smith Bagley • Council for Economic Development • Isaac Stern • John & Connie Nyhan • Mr. & Mrs. Joseph S. Nye • Muriel Grymes Blumenthal • Nancy Hector • Richard Hermon-Taylor • Robert Lenzner • Stanley Sheinbaum • William D. Adams • Arlene Francis • Bernard and Rose Ronnie Birnbaum • John W. Thomas • Lady Bird Johnson • David K. Dahl • Edward J. Reilly & Susan E. Worth • Hans Bergstrom • Cowles Communications Fund • J. J. Schlafly • Mr. & Mrs. Gary B. Coleman • New England Power Service Company • Park Broadcasting, Inc. • Richard C. Hottelet • Shimson Arad • William O. Wheatley • American Broadcasting Co. • Barry Bingham Jr. • Timothy E. Cook • John Hersey • Kathleen E. Kendall • Lombard Charitable Trust • Maureen Goss • G. Barry Bingham, Jr. • Gardner Cowles • Chevron • Howard Gardner • Jason, Jennifer & Connor Nyhan • Montague Kern • Patricia Nyhan • Philps & Mildred Talbot • Ronald T. & Charlayne Hunter-Gault • Stephen Hess • William Scott Miller • Albert Hunt • Barbara Cox Anthony • Walter Cronkite • Broadcasting Publications • Cameron Clark • John Cahill • Cox Foundation • Deanna L. Ponting • Charles A. Meyer • Irving Lazar • Jewish Communal Fund • Olivia Nyhan • Sibyl & William T. Golden Foundation • WKBN Broadcasting Corp. • Times Mirror Company • John & Wilma Fairbank • Lynn Revson • Charls E. Walker • Holly Taylor Sargent • Jane B. Cook • Paul & Julia Child • Robert Manning • State Street Bank Foundation • William James Poorvu • Angela Cropper • Thomas Griffith • John W. Kiermaier • Kate Nyhan • Marvin Josephson/The Josephson Charitable Fund • Donald B. Straus • Harold F. Gross • Cowles Charitable Trust • ITT Corporation • MMT Sales Inc. • Mr. & Mrs. Jerome S. Hardy • Smith Richardson Foundation • WTVF-TV Channel 5 • A. Ecker • Atlantic Richfield Foundation • Theresa & Peter Kaufman • Time, Inc. • Walter J. Sullivan Jr. • John & Lydia Perkins • David Wolper • Charles River Charitable Foundation • Hill Holliday • James Wolfensohn • Cabot Family Charitable Trust 36 Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Faculty and Staff

Alex S. Jones, Director; Laurence M. James Fleming, Financial Administrator Mark McKinnon, Adjunct Lecturer in Lombard Lecturer in the Press and Public Policy Jenn Goodman, Staff Assistant Public Policy Jonathan Moore, Associate Edith Holway, Fellows and Programs Nancy Palmer, Executive Director Administrator Daniel Okrent, Associate Maxine Isaacs, Adjunct Lecturer in Public Richard Parker, Lecturer in Public Policy Matthew Baum, Visiting Associate Policy Thomas E. Patterson, Bradlee Professor of Professor of Public Policy Steven Jarding, Lecturer in Public Policy Government and the Press Robert Blendon, Professor of Health Policy Marion Just, Associate Frederick Schauer, Frank Stanton Professor and Management of the First Amendment Marvin Kalb, Senior Fellow (Washington) Nolan Bowie, Adjunct Lecturer in Public Camille Stevens, Staff Assistant Policy Rick Kaplan, Associate Evan Thomas, Edward R. Murrow Visiting John S. Carroll, Knight Visiting Lecturer Alexander Keyssar, Matthew W. Stirling, Professor of the Practice of Press and Jr., Professor of History and Social Marie Danziger, Lecturer in Public Policy Public Policy Policy Alexandra Evans, Staff Assistant Katharine Tighe, Staff Assistant Alison Kommer, Staff Assistant (Washington) Tezeta Tulloch, Publications Coordinator

Advisory Board

Hushang Ansary Doris Graber Jonathan Moore Philip S. Balboni Roy Hammer Dan Rather W. Lance Bennett Carole Shorenstein Hays John S. Reidy Ann Blinkhorn Stephen Hess Donald S. Rice David Broder Ellen Hume Paul Sagan Mabel Cabot Albert Hunt Daniel Schorr Richard Cavanagh Walter Isaacson Douglas Shorenstein Philip Cavanaugh Marion Just Walter H. Shorenstein E. J. Dionne, Jr. Bernard Kalb Sen. Alan K. Simpson Elizabeth Drew Marvin Kalb Frank Stanton Howard Gardner Richard Lambert Richard Tofel Loren Ghiglione Nancy Hicks Maynard Linda Wertheimer

The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University 79 John F. Kennedy Street Cambridge, MA 02138 www.shorensteincenter.org