Steps in Enterprise Modelling Aroadmap
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Integrating ABC and IDEF0 Techniques for the Evaluation of Workflow Management Systems
Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Engineering and Data Bases, Madrid, Spain, February 15-17, 2006 (pp436-440) Integrating ABC and IDEF0 Techniques for the Evaluation of Workflow Management Systems ELIAS A. HADZILIAS IÉSEG School of Management Université Catholique de Lille 3, rue de la Digue, 59800 Lille FRANCE [email protected] Abstract: - This paper addresses the problem of the actual cost of a Workflow Management System that is implemented in order to support a business process in a company. In order to specify this cost, we employ the IDEF0 function modelling method in combination with the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) technique. A workflow is comprised of the activities which are assigned a cost in the context of the implementation of a Workflow Management System. This cost per activity is analysed to its particular elements that refer to all aspects of the system, that is, hardware, software and organisational resources’ costs. Key-Words: - Enterprise modelling, Activity-Based Costing, Workflow Management System 1 Introduction setting problem is important because the efficiency Nowadays, computer applications, such as electronic of overall processes is determined depending on the commerce and collaborative commerce, have been decision. However, the existing WFMS lacks proper driving changes in the traditional relationship among methods of solving the problem. companies. This fact intensifies competition and Workflow is a business process, automated in also it facilitates mutual collaboration. These whole or part, during which documents, information changes have resulted in more complex business or tasks are passed to an appropriate task performer processes in companies. -
Enterprise Architecture and Systems Engineering
Enterprise Architecture and Systems Engineering Peter Webb BMT Defence Services Limited, United Kingdam, [email protected] Abstract: Factors such as the end of the cold war and increasing globalisation in tenns of competition and social responsibility have significantly increased the complex ity of events addressed both by governments and by industry. Furthennore, their responses are increasingly more constrained by economic and environ mental issues. It is clear that the large complex "socio-techno-economic" sys tems (i.e. enterprises) that may comprise as well as create and deliver these re sponses must be both agile and efficient. An approach to the analysis, design and specification of such enterprises is presented which draws on state of the art Enterprise Architecture concepts and Systems Engineering techniques. The resulting EA/SE method enables clear justification of design, definition of in terfaces and derivation of validated requirements. Comparisons are drawn to Zachman and ISO 15704 - GERA concepts. 1 INTRODUCTION This paper describes how enterprise architecture concepts and systems engineering techniques have been combined to provide a new approach to the analysis, design and specification of enterprises. It has been named the Enterprise Architecture I Systems Engineering (EA/SE) method. Enterprise architecture provides a rich but generic framework that guides the construction of enterprise models. Furthermore, it enables stakeholder needs and expectations to be identified and traced to technological design while facilitating integration efforts. Systems engineering provides the tools and techniques to create "well engineered" enterprise architectures. In particular, it uses modelling as a means for analysis, improvement and validation of proposed solutions. Sys- The original version of this chapter was revised: The copyright line was incorrect. -
Fundamentals of Enterprise Systems Engineering (ESE)* Outline
1 On Complex Adaptive System Engineering (CASE) Brian E. White, Ph.D. Director, Systems Engineering Process Office (SEPO) The MITRE Corporation 12 May 2008 8th Understanding Complex Systems Symposium University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana 12-15 May 2008 Public Release Case Number: 08-1459 © 2008 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Fundamentals of Enterprise Systems Engineering (ESE)* Outline Big Ideas Basics of ESE – Making it an engineering discipline Next generation systems thinking An example ____________ * ESE can be thought of as the same as complex systems engineering (CSE) 2 [White, 2008b] © 2008 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved but there can be nuances of difference. See Charts 8 and 44. Big Ideas Complex systems abound – Mega-projects in transportation, the environment, U.S. DoD’s Global Information Grid (GIG), etc. – Internet culture—massive connectivity and interdependence Complexity theory applies – Much activity in complexity science across many fields – University interest in developing ideas for engineering (MIT, Johns Hopkins, UCSD, USC, Stevens, UVM, U of I, Old Dominion) Complexity is embedded in everyday knowledge – The Gardener metaphor (vs. The Watchmaker) – Biology and natural evolutionary processes – The way we think, our language/semantics – Markets (viz., The Wisdom of Crowds, The Black Swan) Traditional Systems Engineering (TSE) methods may not help – But temptation is strong to keep trying them One can dependably, but not predictably, build complex systems – Using systems thinking and Complex Systems Engineering (CSE) 3 [White, 2008b] © 2008 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved A Spectrum of Systems See Notes Page System: An instance of a set of degrees of freedom* having relationships with one another sufficiently cohesive to distinguish the system from its environment.** *Normally grouped into subsets or elements **This cohesion is also called system identity Less complex More complex Pre-specified Evolving 4 [White, 2008b] and [Kuras-White, 2005] © 2008 The MITRE Corporation. -
Modelling, Analysis and Design of Computer Integrated Manueactur1ng Systems
MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUEACTUR1NG SYSTEMS Volume I of II ABDULRAHMAN MUSLLABAB ABDULLAH AL-AILMARJ October-1998 A thesis submitted for the DEGREE OP DOCTOR OF.PHILOSOPHY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD 3n ti]S 5íamc of Allai]. ¿Hoot (gractouo. iHHoßt ¿Merciful. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to my supervisor Professor Keith Ridgway for devoting freely of his time to read, discuss, and guide this research, and for his assistance in selecting the research topic, obtaining special reference materials, and contacting industrial collaborations. His advice has been much appreciated and I am very grateful. I would like to thank Mr Bruce Lake at Brook Hansen Motors who has patiently answered my questions during the case study. Finally, I would like to thank my family for their constant understanding, support and patience. l To my parents, my wife and my son. ABSTRACT In the present climate of global competition, manufacturing organisations consider and seek strategies, means and tools to assist them to stay competitive. Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) offers a number of potential opportunities for improving manufacturing systems. However, a number of researchers have reported the difficulties which arise during the analysis, design and implementation of CIM due to a lack of effective modelling methodologies and techniques and the complexity of the systems. The work reported in this thesis is related to the development of an integrated modelling method to support the analysis and design of advanced manufacturing systems. A survey of various modelling methods and techniques is carried out. The methods SSADM, IDEFO, IDEF1X, IDEF3, IDEF4, OOM, SADT, GRAI, PN, 10A MERISE, GIM and SIMULATION are reviewed. -
Enterprise Modelling: from Early Languages to Models Transformation Bruno Vallespir, Yves Ducq
Enterprise modelling: from early languages to models transformation Bruno Vallespir, Yves Ducq To cite this version: Bruno Vallespir, Yves Ducq. Enterprise modelling: from early languages to models transforma- tion. International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis, 2018, 56 (8), pp.2878 - 2896. 10.1080/00207543.2017.1418985. hal-01836662 HAL Id: hal-01836662 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01836662 Submitted on 12 Jul 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ENTERPRISE MODELLING: FROM EARLY LANGUAGES TO MODELS TRANSFORMATION Bruno Vallespir, Yves Ducq Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS, UMR 5218, 33405 Talence, France [email protected], [email protected] Abstract During the last thirty years, enterprise modelling has been recognised as an efficient tool to externalise the knowledge of companies in order to understand their operations, to analyse their running and to design new systems from several points of view: functions, processes, decisions, resources, information technology. This paper aims at describing the long evolution of enterprise modelling techniques as well as one of the future challenges of these techniques: the transformation of enterprise models. So, in a first part, the paper describes the evolution of enterprise modelling techniques from the divergence era to the convergence period. -
Process Model Driven Requirements Engineering
Process Model Driven Requirements Engineering Dag Rojahn Karlsen1, Helle Frisak Sem1, Steinar Carlsen1 1 Computas AS, Lysaker Torg 45, N-1327 Lysaker, Norway {dag.rojahn.karlsen, helle.frisak.sem, steinar.carlsen}@computas.com Abstract. This paper demonstrates an approach to requirements engineering with process models as the hub for a family of consistent sub-models. The process model taken as a starting point gives focus, and the different requirement perspectives are served through the enrichment of the process model in several dimensions. Different views into the model family give the well-known specification models; information models, exchange models, service models, etc. The family of related sub models are refined iteratively to describe the need for information (NFI), the need for services (NFS), a shared common information model (CIM) and refined domain information models (DIM). We call this family of interrelated sub models of information systems knowledge models, since they capture both the structure and the behaviour of the subject matter domain. Working in an integrated way with several models serves to enhance consistency and to test the quality of each particular model. Keywords: Process models, knowledge models, requirements engineering, enterprise models, information models 1 Background This paper presents an enterprise modelling approach to requirements engineering discovered in our work in a project for a large Norwegian public sector organisation - LNOP. LNOP manages a substantial part of the national budget in Norway and administers a diverse set of schemes under precise regulations. LNOP was established as a merger between two existing organisations, each with a long history. The local authorities and central government cooperate through 456 LNOP offices in municipalities and city boroughs. -
A Framework for Enterprise Systems Engineering Processes
A Framework for Enterprise Systems Engineering Processes Dr. Robert S. Swarz Dr. Joseph K. DeRosa Tel: +1 781-271-2847 Tel: +1 781-271-3332 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Fax: +1 781-271-2841 Fax: +1 781-271-3803 The MITRE Corporation 202 Burlington Road Bedford, MA 01730-1420 U.S.A. Abstract: In this paper, we describe how traditional systems engineering processes, such as those delineated in the ANSI//EIA 632 standard, are becoming inadequate for today’s complex systems, in which there is a rich set of interconnections and interrelationships between all of the systems in an enterprise. We further suggest that a new discipline (or an extension of the old discipline) is developing in response, called Enterprise Systems Engineering (ESE). We next explain some salient characteristics of complex adaptive systems and motivate how these properties, such as variation, interaction, and selection can be used to shape the evolution of the enterprise. We outline five important new processes: Technology Planning, Capability-Based Engineering Analysis, Enterprise Architecture, Strategic Technical Planning, and Enterprise Analysis and Assessment that can be used to exercise a degree of control beyond that which can be afforded by traditional means. Key words: Enterprise Systems Engineering, Evolution, Variety, Selection, Process, Enterprise Architecture, Capabilities ICSSEA 2006 Swarz & Derosa 1. INTRODUCTION In 1999, the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) published their Processes for Engineering a System. This has become an American National Standard (ANSI/EIA 632), and is consistent with the approach being taken by the International Standards Organization’s standard ISO 15288. In addition, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 1220 represents an application of EIA 632 to the electronics and electrical industry. -
Enterprise Engineering Methods and Tools Which Facilitate Simulation, Emulation and Enactment Via Formal Models
15 Enterprise engineering methods and tools which facilitate simulation, emulation and enactment via formal models R.H. Weston and P.J. Gilders MSI Research Institute, Dept. ofManufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leics, UK. Tel: +441509 222907, Fax: +441509 267725 R.H. [email protected], [email protected] Abstract In the current industrial environment of increasing competition in a globalised marketplace, businesses must strive to closely satisfy ever changing customer desires. Correspondingly, manufacturing systems need be more responsive to the evolution of business requirements and ensure that they directly support these changing demands. Enterprise modelling has contributed significantly to achieving these goals by providing a greater level of consistency between high level requirements definition and lower level system design. However, in order to be truly useful to businesses, enterprise models must be of sufficient detail and provide adequate scope to enable the models to be translated into workable business solutions. Additionally, the variety of available enterprise modelling methods and tools need to be positioned by a common framework, such that relationships between different modelling methods can be identified. This paper introduces the work carried out at the MSI Research Institute at Loughborough University which aims to provide a toolset to support the lifecycle of enterprise modelling and to support model enactment through the provision of runtime control, resource allocation and information management. Additionally, the paper provides an example application of part of the toolset and concludes by positioning the toolset within the GERAM framework for enterprise modelling. Keywords Enterprise, lifecycle, formal, systems, integration, manufacturing, modelling P. -
A Software Framework for Enterprise Architecture Modelling Dissertaç˜Ao
A Software Framework for Enterprise Architecture Modelling Pedro Miguel Carvalho Pinto Disserta¸c~aopara obten¸c~aodo Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Inform´aticae de Computadores J´uri Presidente: Professor Doutor Jos´eManuel Nunes Salvador Tribolet Orientador: Professor Doutor Alberto Manuel Rodrigues da Silva Vogal: Professor Doutor Andr´eFerreira Couto e Vasconcelos Outubro 2009 Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to everyone who helped me throughout this year. Their support was of the utmost importance for achieving the final work presented at this dissertation, which allowed me to step into a new stage of my personal and professional life. For his guidance and investigation, I will start by thanking my supervisor Prof. Alberto Silva, whose expertise and assistance were essential for taking this work into completion. I would also like to thank to David Ferreira and Jo~aoSaraiva for all the ideas brought into discussion when planning and building this solution. I would also like to express my gratefulness and appreciation to my mother, father and sister, whose presence, support and encouragement were paramount for getting me this far. For that, and all other sort of things, I thank them all. A huge thanks to my friends, whose understanding and friendship allowed me to endure the hardships of writing this dissertation. Finally, I would also like to thank the Instituto Superior T´ecnicofor the learning opportunity and for preparing myself to the challenges of my work field. Lisboa, October 21, 2009 Pedro Pinto Resumo Os Quadros de Refer^enciaArquitecturais desempenham um papel importante na defini¸c~aode princ´ıpios, recomenda¸c~oes,linguagens, vistas e pontos de vista nas descri¸c~oesarquitecturais. -
Business Process Modeling and Design: AI Models and Methodology
Business Process Modelling and Design: 1 A Formal Model and Methodology 2 Manolis Koubarakis Dimitris Plexousakis Dept. of Informatics Dept. of Computer Science University of Athens University of Crete Panepistimioupolis, TYPA Buildings Heraklion, Crete 157 81 Athens, Greece 713 05 Greece [email protected] [email protected] http://www.di.uoa.gr/ manolis http://www.csee.usf.edu/ ~dimitris Abstract We present a formal framework for representing enterprise knowledge. The concepts of our framework (objectives and goals, roles and actors, actions and processes, responsibilities and constraints) allow business analysts to capture knowledge about an enterprise in a way that is both intuitive and mathematically formal. We also outline the basic steps of a methodology that allows business analysts to go from high-level enterprise objectives, to detailed and formal specifications of business processes that can be enacted to realise these objectives. The formal language used means that the specifications can be verified as having certain correctness properties: we can verify that responsibilities assigned to roles are fulfilled, and constraints are maintained as a result of process execution. 1 Introduction The problem of representing, analysing and managing knowledge about an organisation and its processes has always been very important. Recently, management and computer science researchers have debated the use of information technology for tackling this complex problem 1The work of the first author was partially supported by BT Labs, Ipswich, U.K. through a Short Term Research Fellowship. Most of this work was carried out while the author was a lecturer in the Dept. of Computation, UMIST, U.K. -
Ueml: Towards a Unified Enterprise Modelling Language
3e Conférence Francophone de MOdélisation et SIMulation «Conception, Analyse et Gestion des Systèmes Industriels» MOSIM’01 – du 25 au 27 avril 2001 - Troyes (France) UEML: TOWARDS A UNIFIED ENTERPRISE MODELLING LANGUAGE F. VERNADAT Vice-chairman of the IFAC-IFIP Task Force on Architectures for Enterprise Integration LGIPM & MACSI-INRIA ENIM/Université de Metz Ile du Saulcy F-57045 Metz cedex 1, France Mél : [email protected] or [email protected] ABSTRACT : The paper presents the rationale and principles of a unified language devoted to the area of Enterprise Modelling. The language, named UEML, for Unified Enterprise Modelling Language, is not intended to replace existing languages but is intended to provide a uniform interface to enterprise modelling tools and a neutral format for exchange of enterprise models. It therefore builds on previous languages and provides constructs to cover function, information, resource and organization aspects of business entities. It is also aligned with results of CEN TC 310, ISO TC 184 and IFAC-IFIP GERAM efforts in the area of enterprise modelling and engineering. KEY-WORDS : Enterprise Modelling, Modelling languages, UEML 1. INTRODUCTION analysis. Models produced were mainly static. In the 80’s, specific methods have been proposed to model In today’s highly competitive global economy, many large manufacturing systems to support their design, business companies need to better understand and possibly with a link to simulation (e.g. IDEF suite of harness the way they operate. They must also frequently methods, GRAI method). EM has then significantly realign their organisation structure to face the need for improved shifting from an activity (or function) centred change as imposed by their environment for increased view to a more business process centred view as customer satisfaction in terms of quality, cost and delay. -
Enterprise Modeling and Its Applications in Company Management Systems
Enterprise Modeling and its Applications in Company Management Systems Ladaislav Madarász1, Maroš Timko2, Michal Raček3 1 Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, FEI TU Košice, Letná 9/B, email:[email protected] 2 Siemens PSE, s.r.o., Bratislava, Lomená 1, Košice, email:[email protected] 3 Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, FEI TU Košice, Letná 9/B, email:[email protected] Abstract: From the experience of last years it seems that enterprise modeling is a necessary step to perform successful changes of the enterprise business operations from a functional to a process-oriented approach. The recency and accuracy of the model is essential in the meaning of usability of the enterprise model. A term “living” or “dynamic” enterprise model was introduced in recent time to address these requirements of the model. Keywords: enterprise engineering, enterprise modeling, reference architecture, modeling concepts ARIS and CIMOSA) 1 Introduction Modern modeling technologies are able to utilize enterprise models in more general ways than to use them as descriptive models only. Such a models can form very important part in the process of definition and controlling of the enterprise processes. Enterprise models can be utilized in a lot of manners but at least they serves as a common repository of enterprise knowledge, which is semantically organized internally. This knowledge can then be used to reach the certain goal with the help of suitable tools. Models describe processes and their interactions within the organization as well as the interactions with information system and are able to provide qualitative and quantitative results of the overall lifecycle process.