Scaling the Zachman Framework a Software Development Methodology for Non-Enterprise Applications Carla L
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Enterprise Architecture
Enterprise Architecture The Zachman Framework: Intro to Sample Models © 1990-2011 John A. Zachman, Zachman International® Observation Enterprises are COMPLEX The US Pentagon GM Plant © 1990-2011 John A. Zachman, Zachman International® Agenda I. Enterprise Models from Literature II. Implementation Discussion III. Architecture Discussion IV. Column 1 Model Samples V. Row 1 Model Samples VI. Column 2 Model Samples VII.Etc., Etc. ‘till Time Is Up © 1990-2011 John A. Zachman, Zachman International® Models on my Bookshelf 1. "Requirements Analysis" by David C. Hay Activity Management A Complete Sarson and Gane Data Flow Diagram Physical Asset Value Constraints 2. "Information Modeling and Relational Databases" by Terry Halpin and Tony Morgan IT Company Schema and University Schema 3. "Enterprise Architecture for Integration" by Clive Finkelstein Strategic Model for sample solution Order entry data map with all attributes 5BNF data map - ORG and ROLE STRUCTURES 4. "Designing Quality Databases with IDEF1X Information Models" by Thomas A. Bruce Case Study Supplementary Material (Logical Data Model) 5. "Business Process Management"by Roger T. Burlton The Scope for Global Software Human Resources © 1990-2011 John A. Zachman, Zachman International® Models on my Bookshelf 6. "Enterprise Architecture at Work" by Marc Langhorst Services provided by Handle Claims Process Handle Claims and IT Support 7. "Business Process Engineering" by August Scheer ERM for Human Resource Planning Event-driven process chain for inbound logistics 8. "Data Model Resource -
Enterprise Architecture As Explanatory Information Systems Theory for Understanding Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise Growth
sustainability Article Enterprise Architecture as Explanatory Information Systems Theory for Understanding Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise Growth Aurona Gerber 1,2,* , Pierre le Roux 1,3 and Alta van der Merwe 1 1 Department of Informatics, University of Pretoria, 0083 Pretoria, South Africa; [email protected] (P.R.); [email protected] (A.v.d.M.) 2 CAIR, Center for Artificial Intelligence Research, 0083 Pretoria, South Africa 3 Moyo, 0157 Centurion, South Africa * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 31 July 2020; Accepted: 7 October 2020; Published: 15 October 2020 Abstract: Understanding and explaining small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) growth is important for sustainability from multiple perspectives. Research indicates that SMEs comprise more than 80% of most economies, and their cumulative impact on sustainability considerations is far from trivial. In addition, for sustainability concerns to be prioritized, an SME has to be successful over time. In most developing countries, SMEs play a major role in solving socio-economic challenges. SMEs are an active research topic within the information systems (IS) discipline, often within the enterprise architecture (EA) domain. EA fundamentally adopts a systems perspective to describe the essential elements of a socio-technical organization and their relationships to each other and to the environment in order to understand complexity and manage change. However, despite rapid adoption originally, EA research and practice often fails to deliver on expectations. In some circles, EA became synonymous with projects that are over-budget, over-time and costly without the expected return on investment. In this paper, we argue that EA remains indispensable for understanding and explaining enterprises and that we fundamentally need to revisit some of the applications of EA. -
Study of Implementing Zachman Framework for Modeling Information Systems for Manufacturing Enterprises Aggregate Planning
Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, January 22 – 24, 2011 Study of Implementing Zachman Framework for Modeling Information Systems for Manufacturing Enterprises Aggregate Planning Radwan, A., and Majid Aarabi Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, MALAYSIA [email protected] , [email protected] Abstract Response time on orders of customers is becoming a critical issue to achieve a competitive advantage. A major problem is a lack of strategic perspective of information systems. A need for adequate tools and methodologies to model the system structure and to define integrated requirements is a must for the manufacturing enterprises. This paper presents a study of implementing Zachman Framework ZF to model information systems for aggregate planning activities within the manufacturing enterprises. An Information System for simulating the aggregate planning activities such as evaluating the various planes for determining the production rate, inventory levels, subcontracting and the required human resources is modeled. This is assumed to provide control over the order processes and reporting the orders status online. It is assumed that the customer can have access to the system to follow up with his order progressing status. Managers would have control on orders transactions, and workshop floor supervisors could monitor and control the orders processing online. Some artifacts are introduced to ZF to enhance its capability for modeling of information systems for Aggregate Planning in Manufacturing Enterprises. Keywords: Manufacturing Information Systems, Zachman Framework, Enterprise architecture, Aggregate planning, Modeling. 1. Introduction Nowadays, the enterprises encounter with numerous amount of data. -
Steps in Enterprise Modelling Aroadmap
Steps in Enterprise Modelling aRoadmap Joannis L. Kotsiopoulos\ (Ed.), Torsten Engel2, Frank-Walter Jaekel3, Kurt Kosanke4, Juan Carlos Mendez Barreiro 5, Angel Ortiz Bas6, Michael Petie, and Patrik Raynaud8 1Zenon S.A., Greece, 2Fztr PDE, Germany, 3FhG-IPK, Germany, 4CIMOSA Association, Germany, 5AdN Internacional, S.A. de C. V., Mexico, 6Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Spain, 7Univ. Notre-Dame de Ia Paix, Namur, Belgium, 8PSA, France, [email protected] Abstract: see Quad Chart on page 2 1 INTRODUCTION Advances in Information Technology have made Enterprise Modelling possible for many enterprises of today. A variety of software tools has ap peared in the market, processing power has dramatically increased, model ling architectures have evolved and even matured. Despite such advances however, widespread use of models, as a strategic decision support tool en compassing large industrial sectors, remains unattainable. The working group analysed the current situation, identified major problems and issues as causes and suggested a roadmap for the next steps in Enterprise Modelling. The following Quad-Chart (Table 1) summarises the work of the group that addressed those requirements. It identifies the approach taken to resolve the issues and proposes a project and ideas for future work for testing and enhancing the proposed solutions. The original version of this chapter was revised: The copyright line was incorrect. This has been corrected. The Erratum to this chapter is available at DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-35621-1_43 K. Kosanke -
Enterprise Architecture and Systems Engineering
Enterprise Architecture and Systems Engineering Peter Webb BMT Defence Services Limited, United Kingdam, [email protected] Abstract: Factors such as the end of the cold war and increasing globalisation in tenns of competition and social responsibility have significantly increased the complex ity of events addressed both by governments and by industry. Furthennore, their responses are increasingly more constrained by economic and environ mental issues. It is clear that the large complex "socio-techno-economic" sys tems (i.e. enterprises) that may comprise as well as create and deliver these re sponses must be both agile and efficient. An approach to the analysis, design and specification of such enterprises is presented which draws on state of the art Enterprise Architecture concepts and Systems Engineering techniques. The resulting EA/SE method enables clear justification of design, definition of in terfaces and derivation of validated requirements. Comparisons are drawn to Zachman and ISO 15704 - GERA concepts. 1 INTRODUCTION This paper describes how enterprise architecture concepts and systems engineering techniques have been combined to provide a new approach to the analysis, design and specification of enterprises. It has been named the Enterprise Architecture I Systems Engineering (EA/SE) method. Enterprise architecture provides a rich but generic framework that guides the construction of enterprise models. Furthermore, it enables stakeholder needs and expectations to be identified and traced to technological design while facilitating integration efforts. Systems engineering provides the tools and techniques to create "well engineered" enterprise architectures. In particular, it uses modelling as a means for analysis, improvement and validation of proposed solutions. Sys- The original version of this chapter was revised: The copyright line was incorrect. -
Examining Capabilities As Architecture
September 2013 BPTrends ▪ Examining Capabilities as Architecture Examining Capabilities as Architecture Ralph Whittle Introduction This Article is a direct response to one written by Mike Rosen titled, “Are Capabilities Architecture?” [1] published in February 2013 by BPTrends It offers a different and contrasting point of view on accepting capability modeling and mapping as “architecture.” Business Architecture (BA) approaches and methods, while still evolving, have at least reached a point of maturity where the enterprise can fairly assess how it will develop and advance this initiative. As with any emerging field, a variety of approaches and methods will develop and enjoy success. From an historical perspective, consider the number of Business Process Management (BPM), Enterprise Architecture (EA) and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) approaches that have matured over the years. And no doubt, the same will eventually occur with the Business Architecture over the next few years. However, just as with the BPM, EA and SOA some different and contrasting points of view will find their way into the various Business Architecture approaches, techniques and methods. Today, at least two different and contrasting organizing principles are considered for Business Architecture. One is “capability centric” and the other is “process centric.” This article advocates and supports the “process centric” organizing principle, specifically using a value stream which is an end-to-end collection of activities that creates a result for a “customer,” who may be the ultimate customer or an internal “end user” of the value stream. The value stream has a clear goal: to satisfy (or, better, to delight) the customer.[2] This is a well known term, familiar in Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing and BPM approaches. -
Fundamentals of Enterprise Systems Engineering (ESE)* Outline
1 On Complex Adaptive System Engineering (CASE) Brian E. White, Ph.D. Director, Systems Engineering Process Office (SEPO) The MITRE Corporation 12 May 2008 8th Understanding Complex Systems Symposium University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana 12-15 May 2008 Public Release Case Number: 08-1459 © 2008 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Fundamentals of Enterprise Systems Engineering (ESE)* Outline Big Ideas Basics of ESE – Making it an engineering discipline Next generation systems thinking An example ____________ * ESE can be thought of as the same as complex systems engineering (CSE) 2 [White, 2008b] © 2008 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved but there can be nuances of difference. See Charts 8 and 44. Big Ideas Complex systems abound – Mega-projects in transportation, the environment, U.S. DoD’s Global Information Grid (GIG), etc. – Internet culture—massive connectivity and interdependence Complexity theory applies – Much activity in complexity science across many fields – University interest in developing ideas for engineering (MIT, Johns Hopkins, UCSD, USC, Stevens, UVM, U of I, Old Dominion) Complexity is embedded in everyday knowledge – The Gardener metaphor (vs. The Watchmaker) – Biology and natural evolutionary processes – The way we think, our language/semantics – Markets (viz., The Wisdom of Crowds, The Black Swan) Traditional Systems Engineering (TSE) methods may not help – But temptation is strong to keep trying them One can dependably, but not predictably, build complex systems – Using systems thinking and Complex Systems Engineering (CSE) 3 [White, 2008b] © 2008 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved A Spectrum of Systems See Notes Page System: An instance of a set of degrees of freedom* having relationships with one another sufficiently cohesive to distinguish the system from its environment.** *Normally grouped into subsets or elements **This cohesion is also called system identity Less complex More complex Pre-specified Evolving 4 [White, 2008b] and [Kuras-White, 2005] © 2008 The MITRE Corporation. -
Enterprise Architecture 1 Zachman Framework
member of The Zachman Framework Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann Introduction to Business-IT Alignment and Enterprise Architecture 1 Zachman Framework ■ Regarded the origin of enterprise architecture frameworks (originally called "Framework for Information Systems Architecture") ■ First version published in 1987 by John Zachman ■ It is still further developed by Zachman International (http://www.zachman.com) ■ Often referenced as a standard approach for expressing the basic elements of enterprise architecture Zachman, J.A., 1987. A framework for information systems architecture. IBM Systems Journal, 26(3). Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann Enterprise Architecture Frameworks 2 Rationale of the Zachman Architecture ■ There is not a single descriptive representation for a complex object ... there is a SET of descriptive representations. ■ Descriptive representations (of anything) typically include: ♦ Perspectives Abstractions ♦ Abstractions Perspectives (Zachman 2012) Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann Enterprise Architecture Frameworks 3 Dimension 1 – Perspectives Zachman originally used the analogy of classical architecture For the different stakeholders different aspects of a building are relevant - models of the building from different perspectives Bubble charts: conceptual representation delivered by the architect Architect's drawing: transcription of the owner's perceptual requirements – owner's perspective Architect's plans: translation of the owner's requirements into a product – designer's perspective Contractor's plans: phases of operation, architect's plans contrained by nature and technology – builder's perspective Shop plans: parts/sections/components of building details (out-of-context specification) – subcontractor's perspective The building: physical building itself (Zachman 1987) Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann Enterprise Architecture Frameworks 4 Dimension 1: Architectural Representations with analogies in Building and Information Systems (Zachman 1987) Prof. -
A Methodology to Create Data Architecture in Zachman Framework
World Applied Sciences Journal 3 (Supple 2): 43-49, 2008 ISSN 1818-4952 © IDOSI Publications, 2008 A Methodology to Create Data Architecture in Zachman Framework 1Reza Rezaei and 2Fereidoon Shams 1Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,Islamic Azad University of Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran 2Computer Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Abstract: Lack of methodology for applying Zachman framework is a challenge that an architect who use it will face. Although there have been methodologies which were some how mapped with this framework but until now no methodology has supported one or more columns of this framework completely and in an integrated way. In this paper, we proposed an integrated process for developing Data Architecture views in Zachman framework. One of the most important advantages of this approach is its property which is based on the enterprise's strategic plan, goals and responsibilities, Business and applications Architecture. Key words : Zachman framework • methodology • data architecture • enterprise architecture framework • modeling. INTRODUCTION The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we introduce Zachman Framework. It goes without saying that nowadays utilizing Next, the problem was defined in section 3. We discuss information and communication technologies in our proposed approach in section 4 and present a enterprises is one of the most challenging tasks. An case study in section 5. Finally, in section 6, we enterprise is considered a set of elaborate physical and make conclusions and suggest some comments for logical processes in which information flow plays a future works. crucial role. The common way to comprehend procedures in an enterprise is to provide views of Zachman framework: In 1987, an IBM researcher, components within that enterprise, which is called named John A. -
Enterprise Modelling: from Early Languages to Models Transformation Bruno Vallespir, Yves Ducq
Enterprise modelling: from early languages to models transformation Bruno Vallespir, Yves Ducq To cite this version: Bruno Vallespir, Yves Ducq. Enterprise modelling: from early languages to models transforma- tion. International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis, 2018, 56 (8), pp.2878 - 2896. 10.1080/00207543.2017.1418985. hal-01836662 HAL Id: hal-01836662 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01836662 Submitted on 12 Jul 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ENTERPRISE MODELLING: FROM EARLY LANGUAGES TO MODELS TRANSFORMATION Bruno Vallespir, Yves Ducq Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS, UMR 5218, 33405 Talence, France [email protected], [email protected] Abstract During the last thirty years, enterprise modelling has been recognised as an efficient tool to externalise the knowledge of companies in order to understand their operations, to analyse their running and to design new systems from several points of view: functions, processes, decisions, resources, information technology. This paper aims at describing the long evolution of enterprise modelling techniques as well as one of the future challenges of these techniques: the transformation of enterprise models. So, in a first part, the paper describes the evolution of enterprise modelling techniques from the divergence era to the convergence period. -
Comprehensive Measurement Framework for Enterprise Architectures
International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 3, No 4, August 2011 COMPREHENSIVE MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK FOR ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURES Mahesh R. Dube 1 and Shantanu K. Dixit 2 1Department of Computer Engineering, VIT, Pune, India [email protected] 2Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, WIT, Solapur, India [email protected] ABSTRACT Enterprise Architecture defines the overall form and function of systems across an enterprise involving the stakeholders and providing a framework, standards and guidelines for project-specific architectures. Project-specific Architecture defines the form and function of the systems in a project or program, within the context of the enterprise as a whole with broad scope and business alignments. Application-specific Architecture defines the form and function of the applications that will be developed to realize functionality of the system with narrow scope and technical alignments. Because of the magnitude and complexity of any enterprise integration project, a major engineering and operations planning effort must be accomplished prior to any actual integration work. As the needs and the requirements vary depending on their volume, the entire enterprise problem can be broken into chunks of manageable pieces. These pieces can be implemented and tested individually with high integration effort. Therefore it becomes essential to analyze the economic and technical feasibility of realizable enterprise solution. It is difficult to migrate from one technological and business aspect to other as the enterprise evolves. The existing process models in system engineering emphasize on life-cycle management and low-level activity coordination with milestone verification. Many organizations are developing enterprise architecture to provide a clear vision of how systems will support and enable their business. -
Enterprise Architecture Modeling Powerdesigner ® 15.3
Enterprise Architecture Modeling PowerDesigner® 15.3 Windows DOCUMENT ID: DC00816-01-1530-01 LAST REVISED: November 2010 Copyright © 2010 by Sybase, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication pertains to Sybase software and to any subsequent release until otherwise indicated in new editions or technical notes. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. The software described herein is furnished under a license agreement, and it may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of that agreement. To order additional documents, U.S. and Canadian customers should call Customer Fulfillment at (800) 685-8225, fax (617) 229-9845. Customers in other countries with a U.S. license agreement may contact Customer Fulfillment via the above fax number. All other international customers should contact their Sybase subsidiary or local distributor. Upgrades are provided only at regularly scheduled software release dates. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, or translated in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, manual, optical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Sybase, Inc. Sybase trademarks can be viewed at the Sybase trademarks page at http://www.sybase.com/detail?id=1011207. Sybase and the marks listed are trademarks of Sybase, Inc. A ® indicates registration in the United States of America. Java and all Java-based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc. All other company and product names used herein may be trademarks or registered trademarks of the respective companies with which they are associated.