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Revision of the Clinid Fish Tribe Ophiclinini, Including Five New Species, and Definition of the Family Clinidae

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Revision of the Clinid Fish Tribe Ophiclinini, Including Five New Species, and Definition of the Family Clinidae Revision of the Clinid Fish Tribe Ophiclinini, Including Five New Species, and Definition of the Family Clinidae ANITA GEORGE and VICTOR G. SPRINGER SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 307 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiotogy Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. S. Dillon Ripley Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 307 Revision of the Clinid Fish Tribe Ophiclinini, Including Five New Species, and Definition of the Family Clinidae Anita George and Victor G. Springer SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1980 ABSTRACT George, Anita, and Victor G. Springer. Revision of the Clinid Fish Tribe Ophiclinini, Including Five New Species, and Definition of the Family Clinidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 307, 31 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables, 1980.—The Clinidae contains only three tribes, Myxodini, Clinini, and Ophi- clinini, the last of which includes the Ophiclinidae and Peronedysidae of various authors. The subfamily Labrisominae, which was previously included in the Clinidae, is raised to family rank. The Ophiclinini comprises four genera: Ophiclinops, with three species (one new, O. hutchinst); Ophiclinus, with six species (three new, O. brevipinnis, O. ningulus, and O. pectoralis); Peronedys, monotypic; and Sticharium (= Bre- ona), with two species (one new, S. clarkae). The Ophiclinini are restricted to the southern, cooler waters of Australia. Keys to the genera and species, and illustrations of all species are provided. The following species are synonymized for the first time: Ophioclinus devisi Ogilby = Peronedys anguillaris Steindach- ner; Breona greeni E.O.G. Scott = Sticharium dorsale Giinther; Ophiclinus aethiops McCulloch and Waite = Ophiclinus antarcticus Castelnau; Ophiclinus greeni E.O.G. Scott = Ophiclinus gracilis Waite. Stenophus Castelnau and its two included species, S. marmoratus and S. ob- scurus, both Castelnau, formerly included in the Ophiclinidae, are synonymized under Congrogadus Gunther and C. subducens (Richardson), family Congro- gadidae. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data George, Anita, 1952- Revision of the clinid fish tribe Ophiclinini, including five new species, and definition of the family Clinidae. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 307) Bibliography: p. 1. Clinidae—Classification. 2. Fishes—Classification. I. Springer, Victor Gruschka, 1928- joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology; no. 807. QL1.S54 no. 307 [QL638.C63] 591'.08s [597'.58] 79-607094 Contents Page Introduction 1 Methods and Materials 1 Acknowledgments 3 Classification of the Family Clinidae 3 Family CLINIDAE 4 Tribe OPHICLININI 4 Genera and Species Erroneously Assigned to the Ophiclinini 7 Key to the Genera of the Tribe Ophiclinini 8 Key to the Species of Ophiclinops 8 Key to the Species of Ophiclinus 8 Key to the Species of Sticharium 9 Ophiclinops Whitley 9 Ophiclinops hutchinsi, new species 9 Ophiclinops pardalis (McCulloch and Waite) 11 Ophiclinops varius (McCulloch and Waite) 11 Ophiclinus Castelnau 12 Ophiclinus antarcticus Castelnau IS Ophiclinus brevipinnis, new species 17 Ophicinus gabrieli Waite 18 Ophiclinus gracilis Waite 19 Ophiclinus ningulus, new species 22 Ophiclinus pectoralis, new species 23 Peronedys Steindachner 24 Peronedys anguillaris Steindachner 25 Sticharium Giinther 27 Sticharium clarkae, new species 27 Sticharium dorsale Giinther 28 Literature Cited 30 Revision of the Clinid Fish Tribe Ophiclinini, Including Five New Species, and Definition of the Family Clinidae Anita George and Victor G. Springer Introduction posteriormost point on the margin of the opercle; body length is the distance from the posteriormost This study is a much expanded version of the point on the margin of the opercle to the midpoint senior author's master's thesis, which was submitted of the caudal-fin base; distance between ventral to the University of Maryland; its purpose is to re- insertions of pectoral fins (measured on ventral vise the blennioid fishes in the currently recognized surface of fish) is the shortest horizontal distance families Ophidinidae and Peronedysidae. It is our between the ventroanteriormost insertions of the opinion that these two families should be combined fins. Measurements and counts were made on the into a single tribe, Ophiclinini, and included in left side of specimens whenever possible. the Family Clinidae, for which we will offer a new The following abbreviations for measurements definition and composition. are used: The Ophiclinini consists of small (43-157 mm HL head length SL maximum adult size), ovoviviparous species N number of specimens that are restricted to the cooler, more southern POL postorbital length coasts of Australia. They are often taken in rocky SL standard length tide pools and bays. At least three species, Ophi- TL total length clinops pardalis, Peronedys anguillaris, and Sticha- Counts of dorsal-, anal-, and caudal-fin elements, rium dorsale, burrow in mud (D.F. Hoese, in litt.) . predorsal bones, and vertebrae were taken from The ophiclinins feed on small annelids and crus- raidographs. The anterior dorsal-fin spines are taceans. One ophiclinin is reported as a common often greatly reduced and are not discernible ex- food fish for small sharks (Olsen, 1958). cept on radiographs or in skeletal preparations. METHODS AND MATERIALS.—Measurements were We consider predorsal bones in ophiclinin fishes to made with dividers and metric ruler using the be pterygiophores lacking a dorsal-fin element. methods of Hubbs and Lagler (1949), with the ex- Evidence favoring our belief can be found in the ception of the following: orbital diameter is the fact that an increase in the average number of pre- greatest horizontal diameter of the fleshy orbit; dorsal bones in populations of Sticharium dorsale opercle length is the distance from the posterior- is accompanied by a decrease in the average num- most point on the margin of the preoperde to the ber of dorsal-fin spines (Table 6). We do not Anita George, Department of Animal Pathology, University believe that any of the ophiclinin predorsal bones of Rhode Island, Kingston, R. I. 02881. Victor G. Springer, are homologous with the anterior three predorsal Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Na- tional Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C. 20560. bones characteristic of primitive perciform fishes. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY The anteriormost vertebra bearing a well-devel- Counts of caudal-fin elements are reported as a oped haemal spine is the anteriormost caudal ver- formula: dorsal procurrent rays + segmented rays tebra. There is often difficulty in determining from + ventral procurrent rays. a radiograph which vertebra bears the first haemal The distribution of cephalic sensory pores (Fig- spine; an allowance of plus or minus one vertebra ure 1) is relatively consistent among the ophicli- should be made on our precaudal or caudal, but nins. The presence of a single pore or a pair of not total, vertebral counts. pores at the ventroanteriormost preopercular pore FIGURE 1.—Cephalic sensory pores: a,b, Ophiclinus gracilis, USNM 211267, male, dorsal and lat- eral views; c,d, Ophiclinus antarcticus, USNM 218781, male, dorsal and lateral views; ej, Ophiclinops pardalis, SAM A F.656, female, lateral and dorsal views (pores enlarged; nasal open- ings and preopercular pores blackened; not all mandibular pores shown; x denotes position of pore-like pit). NUMBER 307 position is, with few exceptions, constant within QVML Queen Victoria
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