DOCSLIB.ORG

Key Forces Determining the Ict Policy Development

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Key Forces Determining the Ict Policy Development KEY FORCES DETERMINING THE ICT POLICY DEVELOPMENT DURING RESTRUCTURINGS OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY (1990-2001) BY MS. PORNLAPUS CHAROENSAWASD A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM SEPTEMBER 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The effects of economic and political transition dominated Thailand’s economy since the 1990s; with the great change from economic and trade victory to widespread financial slump, the political crossroads in 1992 and the reform of political democracy, Thailand drew up a preliminary version of a new constitution and pledged significant political and economic improvement. In the context of the reconstitution of the Thai telecommunications policy from the beginning of 1990 to the end of 2001, this study presents the progress of restructuring Thai telecommunications industry and examines key forces determining the policy-making process of its Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In order to investigate the role of manifold policy factors and the role of the Thai State in ICT policy formulation, the study applies political model of policy process and is based on the conceptual framework of J. P. Singh (1999)’s factors in determining the nature of the telecommunications restructuring in developing country and the State’s role in the decision-making process. While the primary impelling force for restructuring was Thailand’s ambition to become the economic centre of Southeast Asia, a vast number of secondary forces are discovered to have been involved in the restructuring of telecommunications industry and evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) policy. Economic cooperation and a global liberalisation programme enforced by the WTO and the IMF have had an explicit effect on Thailand’s policymaking. Internally, in the collocation of the advanced development of parliamentary democracy and intensifying money politics, business interests became steadily stronger in ICT policy- making through the more direct political manipulation of the situation to gain some advantage at the top levels. There was also a growing impact from public interest groups and the Senate. The diversity of interests in the policy process limited the power of the State to direct policy decisions. In a system in which policy-making was plagued by political infighting among groups seeking to control the social system and the activities from which they derived private benefit, the policy-making function of the State was seriously impaired and the progress of Thai telecommunications reform and its ICT policy underwent a major crisis in consequence. The thesis seeks to answer: how the ICTs policymaking developed during the telecommunications industry reform, and the interplays among the policy forces; and what role the State played in the policy-making process. It argues that the Thai State’s weakness to create a regulatory regime to implement the ICTs policy of telecommunication liberalisation represents essentially a problem of institutional change. The thesis demonstrates that the State role in policymaking was phenomenon, and even facilitated particular group’s interest and idea, and that it was ill-suited implementation for society at large. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS When taking off on my research journey in the beginning of 2004 I did not realise what an adventurous and exciting but also demanding trip I had in front of me. Now, when I am about to land I am glad for the knowledge and experience I have gained and also for the difficulties I have overcome during the way. These have made me realise that the journey of completing the work for a thesis is not like any other journey. Definitely it is not a journey that you can do on your own. Therefore, I am very thankful to all people who have contributed to my journey and given me support during the way. Without your help I would never have made it. First of all, I would like to dedicate my work to my Grandfather and Grandmother, Yam, Mala, and Jiam who passed away during my journey of getting a PhD. With grateful thanks to my supervisor Professor Suzana Rodrigues & Professor John Child for their encouragement, help and guidance, and Dr. Joanne Duberly for your help in mentoring throughout my PhD journey. Thank you for sharing your deep knowledge and experience with me and for helping me to improve my work and develop as a person and doctoral student. Without your leadership and motivation and support I would never have come this far. I am very grateful for all the time and energy you have given to enrich my research odyssey. Many thanks also to my former and present colleagues at the Telephone Organisation of Thailand (TOT), Dr. Sully Taylor and all MIM staffs from Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA for their support of my documents. Thanks also to Dr. Marc Baldwin and Dr. Sarah for great copyediting work and your help in improving the English. I also gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Telephone Organisation of Thailand, TOT, and all Scholarship personnel. Special thanks to Khun Nutpapas for valuable contributions to my scholarship. Special thanks also go to all key informants of Ministry of Finance: State Enterprise Policy Office (SEPO), the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC), the TOT top management, Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI), National Electronics and Computer Technology Centre (NECTEC), and National Information Technology Committee Secretariat (NITC) to contribute their times during the interviews, who made the case studies possible and valuable. Thanks a lot for your welcoming attitude and helpfulness and for sharing your feelings and experiences. Thank you for the joyful, inspiring and developing moments but also for the demanding experiences we have shared. Finally, but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to my family and friends for their love and support. In particular, I would like to thank my father Rom, my mother Nongyao for always being there, supporting me and believing in me. Foremost, I wish to thank my ‘Piggy’ for your love, patience, understanding and endless support. From this day, I shall promise you that your “waiting” is over. I am now looking forward to start a new journey, the journey of my life, together with you. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations PART I: LITERATURE AND METHODOLOGY 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background and Motivation 3 1.2 Research Aims and Objectives 12 1.3 Research Questions 14 1.4 Research Contributions 15 1.5 Scope of the Study 16 1.6 Research Design 18 2. Literature Review 23 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 World System Perspective 38 2.3 Domestic Determinants 65 2.4 Theoretical Considerations 83 2.5 Research in Telecommunications Policy 97 2.6 Telecommunications Restructuring 99 2.7 Policy Models 109 2.8 A Garbage Can Model 109 2.9 Kingdon’s (1995) Political Model 111 2.10 Singh’s (1999) State Characteristics 116 2.11 Thai Policy and Institutional Framework 122 2.12 Basic Assumptions in ICT Policy Analysis 133 Concluding Remarks 137 3. Methodology 139 3.1 Introduction 139 3.2 Research Purpose 141 3.3 Research Design 141 3.4 Research Strategy 144 3.5 Data Collection 150 3.6 Data Analysis 169 3.7 Constantly Updated Data 172 3.8 Research Quality 173 Concluding Remarks 178 PART II: FINDINGS AND ANALYSES 4. Overview of Thailand’s Telecommunications 180 4.1 Introduction 180 4.2 Chronology of Regulatory Structure 181 4.3 Within the Context of Politics and Ideology 185 4.4 Thai Telecommunications Reconfigurations 204 4.5 Transformations in Thai Power Sector 205 4.6 World Telecommunications Regime 231 4.7 Liberalisation of Thai Telecommunications 246 4.8 Constitutional Amendments 250 4.9 Readjustment of 8th NESDP (1998-2001) 255 4.10 WTO: The Basic Telecommunications Agreement 257 4.11 Telecommunications Master Plan (1997-2006) 259 Concluding Remarks 261 5. The Policy Politics of Thai Telecommunications 263 5.1 Introduction 263 5.2 NECTEC and NITC 266 5.3 Politicization of NECTEC 272 5.4 Capitalists and Their Influences 277 5.5 Formation of Independent Regulatory Bodies 297 Concluding Remarks 305 6. Key Findings & Analysis 308 6.1 Introduction 308 6.2 Key Findings 314 6.3 Telecoms Environment & Institutional Policy 341 6.4 Role of Ideas 355 6.5 Policy Factors 361 6.6 Centrepiece of the Thai State 365 6.7 Future Role of the Thai State 370 6.8 Policy Recommendations 374 Concluding Remarks 379 PART III: CONCLUSIONS 7. Conclusions 381 7.1 Research Summary 381 7.2 Contributions to Knowledge 401 7.3 Theoretical Recommendations 406 7.4 Limitations of the Research 407 7.5 Recommendations for Future Research 410 Concluding Remarks 412 BIBLIOGRAPHY 415 APPENDIX A: LIST OF INTERVIEWEES 452 APPENDIX B: TABLES 456 APPENDIX C: KEY TELECOMS MILESTONES 470 APPENDIX D: FIXED-LINE CONCESSIONS 472 APPENDIX E:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Trends in Violence, Counterinsurgency Operations, and the Impact of National Politics by Zachary Abuza
    STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 6 The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Trends in Violence, Counterinsurgency Operations, and the Impact of National Politics by Zachary Abuza Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Complex Operations, and Center for Strategic Conferencing. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, and publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Thai and U.S. Army Soldiers participate in Cobra Gold 2006, a combined annual joint training exercise involving the United States, Thailand, Japan, Singapore, and Indonesia. Photo by Efren Lopez, U.S. Air Force The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Trends in Violence, Counterinsurgency Operations, and the Impact of National Politics The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Trends in Violence, Counterinsurgency Operations, and the Impact of National Politics By Zachary Abuza Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 6 Series Editors: C. Nicholas Rostow and Phillip C. Saunders National Defense University Press Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • E-Commerce and Its Impact on Competition Policy and Law in Singapore
    E-commerce and its impact on competition policy and law in Singapore A DotEcon study for the Competition Commission of Singapore Final Report – October 2015 DotEcon Ltd 17 Welbeck Street London W1G 9XJ www.dotecon.com Content Content 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 2 E-commerce activity in Singapore ............................................................................... 4 2.1 An introduction to e-commerce ........................................................................... 4 2.2 E-commerce adoption in Singapore ................................................................... 17 3 E-commerce and competition .................................................................................... 38 3.1 What changes with e-commerce? ...................................................................... 38 3.2 The impact of e-commerce on market boundaries ............................................. 59 3.3 The impact of e-commerce on market structure and competition ...................... 65 3.4 Vertical restraints ............................................................................................... 77 4 Implications of e-commerce for competition policy in Singapore .............................. 83 4.1 Defining a relevant market ................................................................................. 84 4.2 Assessing market power ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Singapore Internet Case Study
    THE e-CITY: SINGAPORE INTERNET CASE STUDY April 2001 Michael Minges, Magda Ismail and Larry Press wrote this report. Vanessa Gray provided editorial comments and Nathalie Delmas handled formatting and production. Vincent Tan Fu Ming of Radin Mas Primary School in Singapore drew the picture on the cover. The authors are indebted to the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA) for its support and particularly Meng Chung Lee who graciously dealt with the logistics. The report is based on field research undertaken 24-28 July 2000 as well as reports and articles identified in the bibliography or as footnotes. We would like to thank Jenny Yeo (Radin Mas Primary School), Alvin Kuek (AsiaStockWatch), Yap Kwang Tan (Ministry of Education), Colin Quek (National Healthcare Group), Siew Luan Yap (AsiaOne), Yoke Wah Lum (Ministry of Health), Cecilia Yip (Singa- pore Broadcasting Authority), Vivien Chow (Singapore Cable Vision) as well as IDA for their valuable comments on the draft version of this report. The views expressed are those of the authors and may not necessarily re- flect the opinions of the International Telecommunication Union, its mem- bers, or the Government of the Republic of Singapore. This report is one of a series of Internet Case Studies. Additional information is available on the Internet Case Studies web site at www.itu.int/ti/casestudies. © ITU 2001 ii Contents 1. Country background ............................................................ 1 1.1 Overview............................................................................. 1 1.2 Demography ........................................................................ 1 1.3 Economy ............................................................................. 1 1.4 Human development............................................................. 2 1.5 Political ............................................................................... 2 2. Information and Communication Technology markets ......... 4 2.1 Telecommunication Sector ....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 243 the Ongoing Conflict in Southern Thailand and Its
    243 THE ONGOING CONFLICT IN SOUTHERN THAILAND AND ITS INTERNATIONAL IMPLICATIONS BAJUNID, Omar Farouk JAPONYA/JAPAN/ЯПОНИЯ ABSTRACT The military coup that was launched on September 19, 2006 in Thailand to bring down the government of Thaksin Shinawatra for its alleged failure to resolve the on-going crisis of confidence in the Thai capital as well as the escalating political violence in the deep south, demonstrated in no uncertain terms that Thai democracy itself was in crisis. The fact that the political quagmire in Thailand’s southernmost periphery was affecting the power configuration at the centre in Bangkok is also unprecedented. Probably, this is one reason why there is no shortage of attempts to try to analyse what has gone wrong in Thailand and its southernmost region. As the southernmost part of Thailand, comprising the provinces of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and to a lesser extent, Songkhla and Satun, are overwhelmingly Malay and Islamic, departing from the the rest of Thailand which is distinctively Thai in respect of culture and Buddhist in terms of religion, the politics of ethnicity is assumed to be the principal cause of the problem. However, no matter how the problem is analysed, what seems to emerge is that the on-going conflict in Southern Thailand is actually a function of a complex interplay of factors. This paper intends to focus on the nature and dimensions of the unresolved conflict in Southern Thailand and its actual and prospective international implications. It begins by re-capitulating the different ways in which the problem has been viewed before exploring the various external factors that have contributed to its persistence.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Internet-English
    Sirin Palasri Steven Huter ZitaWenzel, Ph.D. THE HISTOR Y OF THE INTERNET IN THAILAND Sirin Palasri Steven G. Huter Zita Wenzel (Ph.D.) The Network Startup Resource Center (NSRC) University of Oregon The History of the Internet in Thailand by Sirin Palasri, Steven Huter, and Zita Wenzel Cover Design: Boonsak Tangkamcharoen Published by University of Oregon Libraries, 2013 1299 University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403-1299 United States of America Telephone: (541) 346-3053 / Fax: (541) 346-3485 Second printing, 2013. ISBN: 978-0-9858204-2-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-9858204-6-6 (English PDF), doi:10.7264/N3B56GNC ISBN: 978-0-9858204-7-3 (Thai PDF), doi:10.7264/N36D5QXN Originally published in 1999. Copyright © 1999 State of Oregon, by and for the State Board of Higher Education, on behalf of the Network Startup Resource Center at the University of Oregon. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/deed.en_US Requests for permission, beyond the Creative Commons authorized uses, should be addressed to: The Network Startup Resource Center (NSRC) 1299 University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon 97403-1299 USA Telephone: +1 541 346-3547 Email: [email protected] Fax: +1 541-346-4397 http://www.nsrc.org/ This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NCR-961657. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • Aalborg Universitet from Thaksin's Social Capitalism to Self-Sufficiency
    Aalborg Universitet From Thaksin's Social Capitalism to Self-sufficiency Economics in Thailand Schmidt, Johannes Dragsbæk Publication date: 2007 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication from Aalborg University Citation for published version (APA): Schmidt, J. D. (2007). From Thaksin's Social Capitalism to Self-sufficiency Economics in Thailand. Paper presented at Autochthoneity or Development? Asian ‘Tigers' in the World: Ten Years after the Crisis, Wien, Austria. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: September 27, 2021 From Thaksin=s Social Capitalism to Self-sufficiency Economics in Thailand1 Johannes Dragsbaek Schmidt2 Introduction More than a decade after the financial crash, which turned into a social crisis, Thailand has now entered a new phase of political instability. 19 September 2006, with Prime Minister Thaksin out of the country, a faction of Thailand's military led by General Sonthi Boonyaratglin staged the 18th military coup in the history of the country, suspended the constitution, and declared martial law.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Society in Thailand
    http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. An Analysis of the Role of Civil Society in Building Peace in Ethno-religious Conflict: A Case Study of the Three Southernmost Provinces of Thailand A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science and Public Policy at The University of Waikato by KAYANEE CHOR BOONPUNTH 2015 ii Abstract The ‘Southern Fire’ is an ethno-religious conflict in the southernmost region of Thailand that has claimed thousands of innocent lives since an upsurge in violence in 2004. Although it does not catch the world’s attention as much as other conflict cases in the same region, daily violent incidents are ongoing for more than a decade. The violence in the south has multiple causes including historical concerns, economic marginalisation, political and social issues, religious and cultural differences, educational opportunity inequities, and judicial discrimination.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Press for
    INFORMATION 105 TECHNOLOGY Press FOR DEVELOPMENT ,.c-;~··· ·-~ ··-:-;-~~·'~- .~ ·--=-.--:-:::~ .. ::~,.1 'ARCSER lnfomldon tedh"lOlogy Md the Internet lhe Singapore experience Lr. Chia. as. L• lllJd c.1<. *° Foetering civil mocillliOi1s In Africa through GOVERNET: an administratiw retonn network s. Qureshi 1998 Volume 8, No. 2 ISSN 0268-1102 Editor-in-Chief S. Ramani National Centre for Software Technology INFORMATION Gulmohar Cross Road No. g Juhu, Bombay, 400 049 India Tel.: +91 22 620 0590/620 1606 TECHNOLOGY Fax: +91 22 621 0139 E-mail: [email protected] Associate Editors FOR Odedra-Straub, M., Koramangala, Bangalore, India Heeks, R., University of Manchester, Manchester, UK DEVELOPMENT Editorial Associate Sasikumar, M., NCST, Bombay, India Korpela, M., University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland E-mail: [email protected] Kraemer, K.L., University of California, Irvine, USA La Rovere, R.L., Universitat Rostock, Rostock, Germany Editorial Board Aiyepeku, W.O., University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Lee, C.-J., Research, Development, and Evaluation Avgerou, C., London School of Economics, London, UK Commission, Taiwan, Republic of China Baeza-Yates, R., Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Lind, P., INMADE, Satsjo-Duvnas, Sweden Balson, D., Intern. Development Centre, Ottawa, Canada Menezes, C., UNESCO, Paris, France Correa, C.M., Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Molino, E., FAMI, Mexico Argentina Okot-Uma, R. W'O, Commonwealth Secretariat, London, UK El-Sherif, H., IDSC, Cairo, Egypt Raman, K.S., National University
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of the Internet in Singapore's 2011 Elections
    series A Buzz in Cyberspace, But No Net-Revolution The Role of the Internet in Singapore’s 2011 Elections By Kai Portmann 2011 © 2011 Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) Published by fesmedia Asia Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Hiroshimastrasse 28 10874 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49-30-26935-7403 Email: [email protected] All rights reserved. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Friedrich-Ebert- Stiftung or fesmedia Asia. fesmedia Asia does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. ISBN: 978-99916-864-9-3 fesmedia Asia fesmedia Asia is the media project of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) in Asia. We are working towards a political, legal and regulatory framework for the media which follows international Human Rights law and other international or regional standards as regards to Freedom of Expression and Media Freedom. FES in Asia The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung has been working in Asia for more than 40 years. With offices in 13 Asian countries, FES is supporting the process of self-determination democratisation and social development in cooperation with local partners in politics and society. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung is a non-governmental and non-profit making Political Foundation based in almost 90 countries throughout the world. Established in 1925, it carries the name of Germany’s first democratically elected president, Friedrich Ebert, and, continuing his legacy, promotes freedom, solidarity and social democracy. A Buzz in Cyberspace, But No Net-Revolution The Role of the Internet in Singapore’s 2011 Elections By Kai Portmann 2011 Content ABSTRACT 5 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Framing the Violence in Southern Thailand: Three Waves Of
    FRAMING THE VIOLENCE IN SOUTHERN THAILAND: THREE WAVES OF MALAY-MUSLIM SEPARATISM A thesis presented to the faculty of the Center for International Studies of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Sara A. Jones June 2007 This thesis entitled FRAMING THE VIOLENCE IN SOUTHERN THAILAND: THREE WAVES OF MALAY-MUSLIM SEPARATISM by SARA A. JONES has been approved for the Center for International Studies by Elizabeth Fuller Collins Associate Professor of Classics and World Religions Drew O. McDaniel Interim Director, Center for International Studies Abstract JONES, SARA A., M.A., June 2007, Southeast Asian Studies FRAMING THE VIOLENCE IN SOUTHERN THAILAND: THREE WAVES OF MALAY-MUSLIM SEPARATISM (130 pp.) Director of Thesis: Elizabeth Fuller Collins This thesis examines how the Thai newspaper, The Nation (an English-language daily), portrays the violence in the Malay-Muslim South through the use of agenda- setting concepts and framing analyses in articles published about four events in 2004. Two of the events are examples of state aggression against southern insurgents whereas the other two are instances in which southern insurgents were the primary aggressors against the state and/or citizens. The history of the Malay-Muslim dominant provinces is reviewed, showing how the separatist movement has evolved into three distinct waves. The original secessionist movements focused on ethnic Malay identity; over time elements of Islamist ideology were introduced such that the current movement is not recognizably a separatist or Islamist movement. This thesis also includes a short analysis of articles published in Matichon sutsapd, a Thai-language weekly, and shows how Malay-Muslim Thais in the South demand justice.
    [Show full text]
  • English/Law/Index.Htm
    45088 WBI LEARNING RESOURCES SERIES Public Disclosure Authorized Parliaments as Peacebuilders Public Disclosure Authorized in Conflict-Affected COUNTRIES Edited by Mitchell O’BRIEN Rick STAPENHURST Niall JOHNSTON Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized WBI Learning Resources Series Parliaments as Peacebuilders in Confl ict-Affected Countries Edited by Mitchell O’Brien Rick Stapenhurst Niall Johnston The World Bank Washington, D.C. © 2008 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 11 10 09 08 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.
    [Show full text]
  • Telecom Sector Policy Recommendation
    Uganda Telecommunications Sector Policy Review Policy review report, 28/1/05 UGANDA COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION RECOMMENDATIONS ON PROPOSED REVIEW OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR POLICY TO THE MINISTER OF WORKS, HOUSING AND COMMUNICATIONS 31st January 2005 © Uganda Communications Commission Email: [email protected], http://www.ucc.co.ug Uganda Telecommunications Sector Policy Review Policy review report, 28/1/05 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................. 1 MEMBERS OF THE REVIEW COMMITTEE .......................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 17 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 17 1.2 Motivation For The Sector Policy Review.................................................................. 17 1.3 Holistic Approach To The Review.............................................................................. 18 1.4 The Process................................................................................................................. 19 1.5 The Output................................................................................................................... 19 1.6 Report Layout.............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]