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A Absolute Magnitude, 150, 172, 185–186, 201, 304, 358, 390

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A Absolute Magnitude, 150, 172, 185–186, 201, 304, 358, 390 Index A B Absolute magnitude, 150, 172, 185–186, 201, (298) Baptistina, 188 304, 358, 390 Binary systems, 271, 282, 324–325, 329, 435, Absorption bands, 237, 243, 246 463, 477, 481, 483, 490–491, 503, Achilles, 199 506–508 Action-angle variables, 3–4, 20, 23–27, 29, 34, 36, 38–39, 54, 60, 96 C Adiabatic invariant, 1, 40 Canonical transformation, 3, 5, 10–11, 15–16, Albedo, 77, 146, 150, 152, 159, 172, 184–186, 23, 30–31, 39, 50, 60 238, 242, 275, 282, 295, 297–298, Capture, 1–61, 121, 324, 341, 344, 353, 359, 301, 331 369–370, 386, 390–395, 489 Andoyer’s variables, 45, 47–48 of comets, 341 Angular momentum, 46–47, 51, 181–182, 203, Carbonaceous chondrites, 235 289, 329, 343, 348, 355, 365, 370, 375, Cartesian coordinates, 5, 19, 31, 48, 60, 325, 378, 380–382, 384, 387, 408, 418, 433, 380, 406 464–466, 468, 476 Catastrophic Aphelion distance, 342, 344, 346–347, 353, collisions, 140, 153, 231–232, 237 368 disruption, 153, 163, 165, 183, 223, 239 Area, 3, 23–25, 33–35, 38–43, 45, 69, 106, Centaur, 261, 324, 332, 341, 343–344, 216, 262–264, 266, 280–281, 283, 289, 353–354, 361, 387, 394 312, 325, 327, 332, 411–412, 414, 422, Central bulk, 403 489, 496–497, 504, 507–508 Chaos, 63–68, 73, 92, 116–120, 229, 324, 360 Area-preserving map, 69 Chaos indicators Argument of perihelion, 141, 163, 342, fast Lyapunov indicator (FLI), 63, 67–68, 380–382, 385, 407, 409–411, 437, 464, 117, 484 471–472, 503 generalized alignment index (GALI), Arnold, 222 67–68, 117–119 Asteroid relative Lyapunov indicator (RLI), 117, 484 collisions, 232 Chaotic showers, 166–172 diffusion, 393 families, 138, 140–141, 153, 155, 157–158, motion, 65, 74, 167, 484–485, 491–492, 160, 162, 173–177, 183, 187–188, 191, 494, 498 223, 229–230, 232, 234–235, 239, 248 orbit, 66–67, 73–74, 76, 96–99, 116–119, Astrometry, 251, 258, 300, 305 484–485, 502 Asymmetric equilibria, 44–45 system, 65–66 Attractor, 98–99, 120 Characteristic exponent, 63–129, 484 Autonomous Hamiltonian system, 66, 68–73, Chicxulub crater, 188 87, 89 Circular restricted three-body problem, 209, Averaged Hamiltonian, 50–51, 382, 407–408 211, 221, 346, 363–364, 367 Souchay, J., Dvorak, R. (eds.): Index. Lect. Notes Phys. 790, 511–517 (2010) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-04458-8 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 512 Index Circulation, 18, 22–24, 27, 40, 43, 382, 385, transit, 261, 263–264, 266, 277, 348, 468, 470 367, 482 Classical Impulse Approximation, 376, 416 Deviation vector, 67–73, 75, 90–96, 100–101, Classical Kuiper Belt, 389, 393 105–111, 117–123 Close encounters, 167, 170, 179, 201, 298–299, Diameter, 149–150, 156, 164, 179, 185, 188, 301, 342, 344, 346, 351, 360–361, 232, 236, 239, 256, 273–276, 301, 303 363–369, 371, 373–374, 376–377, Differentiated parent body, 235 379–380, 386, 418, 427, 435–436, Direct method, 121–123, 231 459–460 Direct perturbations, 344–345, 373–374 Coalescence, 231 Discrete dynamical system, 64, 89, 110 CODAM, 242, 245, 248 Discrete method, 110 Collisional disruption, 140–141, 231 Disk tide, 380–383, 386, 402 Collisionally relaxed population, 153, 159 Dissipative system, 66, 68, 75–76, 98, 120–123 Comet Dohnanyi, 153, 159, 161 activity of, 271, 341–342, 351–354, 358 Dora family, 149–150 Halley-type, 344–346, 348–350, 392 D/Shoemaker-Levy, 9, 344, 368 long-period, 344–345, 350, 354–355, Dynamical astronomy, 431–477 357–358, 360, 370, 375, 379, 384, 391 Dynamical families, 137–191, 223, 297 new comets, 344, 355–356, 358, 371, Dynamical lifetime, 168, 172, 181 382–383, 387, 390–392, 402, 424, 427 Dynamical system, 32, 39, 64–70, 73, 76–78, Oort cloud, 343, 345, 360, 372, 376, 85–87, 89, 91–92, 110–111, 116–117, 380–382, 386, 389–392, 401–428 139, 320, 433, 455 orbits, 341–342, 345, 356, 360, 370, 373, with divided phase space, 120 376, 384, 403 returning, 355–358 E short-period, 342, 345–350, 352–353, 358, Earth, 48, 55–57, 59, 61, 148, 152, 166, 168, 360, 384–385, 390, 395 170–171, 179, 197–198, 201–202, Shower, 345, 379, 391, 402, 418, 422, 424, 232–233, 247, 255–256, 261–263, 427 278–279, 281, 292, 297, 307, 313–314, Cometary fading, 354–355, 358 316–317, 324, 332, 365–366, 379, 387, Completeness limit, 154, 159–162 389–390, 433, 435, 481–483, 501, Condition R, 84–86, 89 503–506 Cone technique, 111 Eccentricity, 189, 495, 498 Conservative system, 66, 76, 100, 120 Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt, 344 Continuous dynamical system, 64, 86, 110–111 Ejection velocities, 141, 182–184 Continuous method, 66, 110, 115–116 Elis Stromgren,¨ 354 Cosmic rays exposure, 172, 180–181 Elliptic function of the first kind, 408 Cretaceous, 188, 232 Embedded cluster, 389 Encounter velocity, 348–349, 363–366, D 375, 419 D/1770 L1 (Lexell), 345, 370 Energy integral, 346, 381, 433 D’Alembert characteristic, 7–8 Eos family, 151–152, 183, 235 Datura cluster, 232, 238–239 Equilateral, 196–198, 201, 204–222, 224 Delaunay’s elements, 406–407 Equilibria, 18, 22–23, 31–35, 44–45, 51, Delay coordinates, 121 59–61, 198–199, 220 Democratic heliocentric variables, 461 Equilibrium, 18, 27–29, 31–34, 40, 45, 51–54, Dendrogram, 144 196–198, 203–204, 216–221, 256, 289 Detection methods Ernst Opik,¨ 364 astrometric measurements, 271, 302, 482 Escape velocity, 364, 365 direct imaging, 482 Euler, 46, 198, 306, 479 gravitational lensing, 482 Eunomia family, 159–160, 162, 235 radial velocity measurements, Exocatalogue, 484, 486, 503 481–482, 499 Explicit one-step methods, 436 Index 513 Exponential divergence of nearby orbits, 67, Generating function, 38–39 73–74, 92 Genetic algorithm, 290–296, 315 Exterior algebra, 68, 123–129 Giant Molecular Cloud, 375, 386, 402, 426 Extrapolation method Gliese 86, 481, 491, 497–500, 503, 506 Aitken-Neville scheme, 444, 447 GMC encounters, 387 Bulirsh-Stoer, 240, 320, 436, 443–448, (6489) Golevka, 179, 294–295 460, 463–464, 466–469, 471–472, Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization, 75, 103, 474–477, 480 105–108, 110 Extra-solar planets, 252, 315, 325, 481–508 Gravitational perturbations, 139, 202, 222, 307 F resonance, 1, 55–61 Families, identification, 137, 145, 248 scattering, 342, 386, 388 Filtration, 80, 91 Guiding trajectory, 39–40 Finite-dimensional dynamical system, 66 Finite time mLCE, 93, 119 H Finite time p-mLCE, 100 Habitable zone, 483, 499–508 Fixed point, 120, 211–212, 215–216, Hale-Bopp, 352 218–221, 271 Hamiltonian Flora family, 188, 234 equations of motion, 68, 71–72, 92, 95, Flux 105, 109 background flux, 356, 421, 427 formalism, 1–2, 5, 58–59, 72, 406 Fragments, 140–141, 148, 153–156, 158, N-body, gravitational, 431, 435–436, 439, 163–164, 167, 171–173, 176–177, 183, 455, 476 187–188, 231, 237, 240, 289 Hamilton–Jacobi, 3, 38 Fundamental matrix, 70 Harmonic oscillator, 27–28, 210 Fundamental model of resonance, 14, 20, HD41004 AB, 481, 491–492, 499–501, 503 29–37, 40, 42–44 Hector, 199 HED achondrites, 148 G Henon–Heiles´ system, 70, 75 Gaia, 191, 202, 251–333 Hierarchical Clustering Method (HCM), 142, Galactic 240 bulge, 381 Hill sphere, 197, 363, 367, 384 centre, 376, 380 HST, 272, 394 disk, 342, 355, 380–383, 386 Hybrid integrator, 459–464, 470 density, 406 Hydrocode, 177, 183–184, 232, 240 latitude, 382–383, 391, 402, 424–425 Hyperbolic deflection, 363–367, 377 mid-plane, 403–404, 406 normal component, 406 I potential, 404 Impact radial component, 406, 408, 410, 413–415 distance, 418 tide, 343–345, 360, 380–384, 386, energy, 172 390–391, 401–403, 407, 410, 416, 419, plane, 416 421–424, 426–427 Impulse approximation, 376–378, 415–416 Galaxy, 255, 357, 360, 381, 384, 401–404, 406 Inclination, 4–6, 18–19, 21, 48, 52, 54, 57, Gamma Cephei, 481, 491, 494–497 138–139, 145, 152, 167, 175, 179, 184, Gascheau, 198, 222 189–190, 211, 223–224, 230, 239, 262, Gas drag, 388–389 328–329, 331, 342, 344, 346–347, Gaston Fayet, 354 349–351, 353, 364, 368, 371–372, Gauss formulae, 140 379–381, 384–385, 387, 391–393, 411, Gaussian Gravitational Constant, 432, 449 434, 437, 464, 468, 482, 498, 503, 508 Gauss Radau Indirect perturbations, 344–345, 373–374 Quadratures, 440–443 Information dimension, 99 Spacings, 443 Inner core (Oort Cloud), 345, 379, 383, Gefion family, 171, 159, 166 387–388, 390, 424, 427 514 Index Integrability, 402, 408, 413–415 Liouville, 198 Integrable system, 91 Loss cone, 389 Integral of motion, 90, 98–99 Loss cylinder, 379, 382, 390–392 Interlopers, 149–150, 152, 191, 233–234, 240 L-type motion, 490 Interplanetary dust, 232, 240, 248 Lyapunov characteristic exponent of order p IRAS, 159, 232, 275 (p-LCE), 67, 79, 83, 86, 88–89, 100 Lyapunov characteristic exponents (LCEs), J 63–129 Jacobi integral, 346, 363 Lyapunov dimension, 64, 99 Jan Oort, 355 Lyapunov time, 92, 117 Jump, 43, 371 Jupiter M family, 342–343, 346, 348–351, 353, Main Belt, 7, 13, 44, 137–139, 141–144, 148, 358–359, 367–368, 379, 384, 390, 150–152, 159, 161–162, 166–167, 170, 392–394 178–182, 184–186, 189, 200, 230–233, -Saturn system, 504–505 235, 237–240, 261, 274–276, 281–282, 286, 292, 296–297, 324–327, 332, 334, K 379, 506 KAM, 221–222 Mapping, 69, 240, 344, 435–436, 449–450, Kaplan–Yorke conjecture, 99–100 456–458, 462–463, 470, 476 (832) Karin, 187, 239–241, 243–244, 248 Maria family, 165–166, 169 Karin cluster, 238–240 Markov chain, 371 Karin family, 187, 238–245, 248 Mars, 152, 179, 201, 224, 231–232, 298, 300, Kaula, 57 307, 310, 384–385, 503–505 Kepler Mars-crossers, 179 Orbital Elements, 434, 465, 474 Mature and fresh surfaces, 246 Problem, 431, 464–470 Max-e, 484, 504, 506–507 Kinetic energy, 47, 49, 172–173 Maximal Lyapunov characteristic exponent Kirkwood, 12, 44, 139, 148, 166–167, 180, (mLCE), 64–65, 67, 74–75, 82, 84, 507 91–98, 102, 116–119, 121–123, 484 gaps, 44, 139, 148, 166–167, 507 Maximal
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