Earth's Minimoons: Opportunities for Science and Technology
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South Pole-Aitken Basin: Crater Size-Frequency Distribution Measurements
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 7 EPSC2012-832 2012 European Planetary Science Congress 2012 EEuropeaPn PlanetarSy Science CCongress c Author(s) 2012 South Pole-Aitken Basin: Crater Size-Frequency Distribution Measurements H. Hiesinger1, C. H. van der Bogert1, J. H. Pasckert1, N. Schmedemann2, M.S. Robinson3, B. Jolliff4, and N. Petro5; 1Institut für Planetologie (IfP), WWU Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany ([email protected]/ +49-251-8339057), 2Institute of Geosciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany, 3Arizona State University, Tempe, USA, 4Dept. of Earth and Planet. Sci. Washington Univ., St. Louis, USA, 5Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, USA. Introduction morphology and topography derived from the LROC Being the largest basin (>2500 km in diameter) WAC mosaic and LOLA. LOLA topography was and presumably the oldest preserved impact structure also used to identify old and highly degraded impact on the Moon [e.g., 1], the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) structures and to improve our statistics in areas with basin is of particular interest. SPA might have large shadows close to the pole. The CSFDs were penetrated the entire lunar crust and exposed lower plotted with CraterStats [7], applying the lunar crustal or upper mantle material, but despite its deep chronology (CF) of [8] and the production function penetration, it did not reveal KREEP-rich rocks in (PF) of [9]. From this we derived absolute model contrast with the Imbrium basin. In addition, its age ages (AMAs) for craters between ~1.5 km and 300 should shed light on the plausibility of the terminal km in diameter [9]. More details on the technique of cataclysm [e.g., 2]. -
Imagining Outer Space Also by Alexander C
Imagining Outer Space Also by Alexander C. T. Geppert FLEETING CITIES Imperial Expositions in Fin-de-Siècle Europe Co-Edited EUROPEAN EGO-HISTORIES Historiography and the Self, 1970–2000 ORTE DES OKKULTEN ESPOSIZIONI IN EUROPA TRA OTTO E NOVECENTO Spazi, organizzazione, rappresentazioni ORTSGESPRÄCHE Raum und Kommunikation im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert NEW DANGEROUS LIAISONS Discourses on Europe and Love in the Twentieth Century WUNDER Poetik und Politik des Staunens im 20. Jahrhundert Imagining Outer Space European Astroculture in the Twentieth Century Edited by Alexander C. T. Geppert Emmy Noether Research Group Director Freie Universität Berlin Editorial matter, selection and introduction © Alexander C. T. Geppert 2012 Chapter 6 (by Michael J. Neufeld) © the Smithsonian Institution 2012 All remaining chapters © their respective authors 2012 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. -
Martian Crater Morphology
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter. -
Projekt Brána Do Vesmíru
Projekt Brána do vesmíru Hvězdárna Valašské Meziříčí, p. o. Krajská hvezdáreň v Žiline Súčasnosť a budúcnosť výskumu medziplanetárnej hmoty RNDr. Peter Vereš, PhD. University of Hawaii / Univerzita Komenského Ako sa objavila MPH ● Pôvodne iba nehybná hviezdna sféra ● Mesiac a Slnko ● Bludné planéty viditeľné voľným okom Starovek => novovek Piazzi ● 1.1.1801 ● Objekt pozorovaný 41 dní ● Stratený...predpoklad, medzi Marsom a Jupiterom ● Laplace – nemožné nájsť ● Gauss (24) vynašiel metódu, vypočítal, Ceres bol nájdený... Halley ● Kométy, odjakživa považované za poslov zlých správ, vysvetlené ako atmosferické javy ● ● ● ● Názov Kometes (dlhovlasá) ● 1577 Brahe = paralaxa, ďalej ako Mesiac ● Edmond Halley si všimol periodicitu kométy 1531, 1607, 1682 = návrat v 1758 Meteory ● Zaznamenané v -1809, - 687 (Lyridy) ● Ernst Chladni 1794 Kniha o pôvode Pallasovho železa ● 1798 Brandes, Benzenberg, paralaxa 400 meteorov, 22 spoločných ● 1803 dážď / Paríž, priznanie kozmického pôvodu ● 1833 USA dážď 20/s, LEO ● 1845/46 rozpad kométy Biela, dažde Andromedíd (72, 85, 93, 99) ● 1861 = Kirkwood, súvis rojov s kométami ● 1866 Schiaparelli: Swift-Tuttle (Perzeidy), Tempel (Leonidy) ● 1899 Adams vypočítal, že Jupiter narušil dráhu kométy, dážď nebol 1833, rytina, Leonidy 1998, foto, Leonidy, AGO Modra MPH a Slnečná sústava ● Slnko ● planéty (8) ● trpasličie planéty /Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, Eris ● MPH = asteroidy, kométy, prach, plyn, .... Vznik a vývoj asteroidov ● -4571mil. rokov – vznik Sl. sús. ● Akrécia hmoty – nehomogenity, planetesimály, „viskózna -
Chapter 2: Earth in Space
Chapter 2: Earth in Space 1. Old Ideas, New Ideas 2. Origin of the Universe 3. Stars and Planets 4. Our Solar System 5. Earth, the Sun, and the Seasons 6. The Unique Composition of Earth Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Earth in Space Concept Survey Explain how we are influenced by Earth’s position in space on a daily basis. The Good Earth, Chapter 2: Earth in Space Old Ideas, New Ideas • Why is Earth the only planet known to support life? • How have our views of Earth’s position in space changed over time? • Why is it warmer in summer and colder in winter? (or, How does Earth’s position relative to the sun control the “Earthrise” taken by astronauts aboard Apollo 8, December 1968 climate?) The Good Earth, Chapter 2: Earth in Space Old Ideas, New Ideas From a Geocentric to Heliocentric System sun • Geocentric orbit hypothesis - Ancient civilizations interpreted rising of sun in east and setting in west to indicate the sun (and other planets) revolved around Earth Earth pictured at the center of a – Remained dominant geocentric planetary system idea for more than 2,000 years The Good Earth, Chapter 2: Earth in Space Old Ideas, New Ideas From a Geocentric to Heliocentric System • Heliocentric orbit hypothesis –16th century idea suggested by Copernicus • Confirmed by Galileo’s early 17th century observations of the phases of Venus – Changes in the size and shape of Venus as observed from Earth The Good Earth, Chapter 2: Earth in Space Old Ideas, New Ideas From a Geocentric to Heliocentric System • Galileo used early telescopes to observe changes in the size and shape of Venus as it revolved around the sun The Good Earth, Chapter 2: Earth in Space Earth in Space Conceptest The moon has what type of orbit? A. -
Lessons from Recent Flybys
Real-&me Characterizaon of Hazardous Asteroids: Lessons from Recent Flybys Vishnu Reddy Planetary Science Ins&tute Tucson, Arizona Contributors • Juan Sanchez, Ma Izawa (PSI) • Audrey Thirouin, Nick Moskovitz (Lowell) • Eileen and Bill Ryan (MRO) • Ed Rivera-Valen&n, Patrick Taylor, Jim Richardson (Arecibo) • Stephen Teglar (NAU) • Ed Clous (University of Winnipeg) 2015 TC25 • Oct. 11th 2015 06:56 UTC object (WT19969) discovered by Catalina Sky Survey, Tucson (703) • Oct. 11th 2015 08:09 UTC object followed up by Magdalena Ridge Observatory, New Mexico (H01) • Oct. 11th 2015 15:01 UTC object followed up by Bisei Spaceguard Center, Japan (300) • Oct. 11th 2015 21:12 UTC object followed up by Italian amateurs from Farra d'Isonzo (595) • Oct. 11th 2015 21:52 UTC object (WT19969) is designated 2015 TC25 and MPEC-T61 is issued 2015 TC25 • Absolute Magnitude (H) :29.5; Size: 2-7 meters • Closest approach: Oct. 13, 2015 07:26 UTC • Distance: 111,000 km 2015 TC25 • Characterizaon • Photometry • Spectroscopy • Radar • Science Quesons: • What is the spin rate of the object? • What is the composi&on of the object? 2015 TC25 Discovery Channel Telescope (4.2 meter) Observer: S. Teglar 10.1 hours NASA IRTF (3 meter) Observer: Reddy/Sanchez MRO, (2 meter) Observer: B. Ryan/E. Ryan 2015 TC25 Oct. 12, 2015 22:00 UTC Rotates once 10 hours aer MPEC in 134 seconds • Only 4 NEAs in this size range have lightcurves. • 2015 TC25 has the second fastest rotaon. • 2010 WA rotates once every 30 seconds. 2015 TC25 10.1 hours gemini North (8 meter) NASA IRTF (3 meter) Observer: Mokovitz Observer: Reddy/Sanchez 2015 TC25 goldstone Radar Arecibo Radar 2015 TC25 Rock vs. -
ISTS-2017-D-074ⅠISSFD-2017-074
A look at the capture mechanisms of the “Temporarily Captured Asteroids” of the Earth By Hodei URRUTXUA1) and Claudio BOMBARDELLI2) 1)Astronautics Group, University of Southampton, United Kingdom 2)Space Dynamics Group, Technical University of Madrid, Spain (Received April 17th, 2017) Temporarily captured asteroids of the Earth are a newly discovered family of asteroids, which become naturally captured in the vicinity of the Earth for a limited time period. Thus, during the temporary capture these asteroids are in energetically favorable condi- tions, which makes them appealing targets for space missions to asteroids. Despite their potential interest, their capture mechanisms are not yet fully understood, and basic questions remain unanswered regarding the taxonomy of this population. The present work looks at gaining a better understanding of the key features that are relevant to the duration and nature of these asteroids, by analyzing patterns and extracting conclusions from a synthetic population of temporarily captured asteroids. Key Words: Asteroids, temporarily captured asteroids, capture dynamics, asteroid retrieval. Acronyms system. Asteroid 2006 RH120 is so far the only known mem- ber of this population, though statistical studies by Granvik et TCA : Temporarily captured asteroids al.12) support the evidence that such objects are actually com- TCO : Temporarily captured orbiters mon companions of the Earth, and thus it is expected that an TCF : Temporarily captured fly-bys increasing number of them will be found as survey technology improves.13) 1. Introduction During their temporary capture phase these asteroids are technically orbiting the Earth rather than the Sun, since their The origin of planetary satellites in the Solar System has Earth-binding energy is negative. -
Moon Minerals a Visual Guide
Moon Minerals a visual guide A.G. Tindle and M. Anand Preliminaries Section 1 Preface Virtual microscope work at the Open University began in 1993 meteorites, Martian meteorites and most recently over 500 virtual and has culminated in the on-line collection of over 1000 microscopes of Apollo samples. samples available via the virtual microscope website (here). Early days were spent using LEGO robots to automate a rotating microscope stage thanks to the efforts of our colleague Peter Whalley (now deceased). This automation speeded up image capture and allowed us to take the thousands of photographs needed to make sizeable (Earth-based) virtual microscope collections. Virtual microscope methods are ideal for bringing rare and often unique samples to a wide audience so we were not surprised when 10 years ago we were approached by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council who asked us to prepare a virtual collection of the 12 Moon rocks they loaned out to schools and universities. This would turn out to be one of many collections built using extra-terrestrial material. The major part of our extra-terrestrial work is web-based and we The authors - Mahesh Anand (left) and Andy Tindle (middle) with colleague have build collections of Europlanet meteorites, UK and Irish Peter Whalley (right). Thank you Peter for your pioneering contribution to the Virtual Microscope project. We could not have produced this book without your earlier efforts. 2 Moon Minerals is our latest output. We see it as a companion volume to Moon Rocks. Members of staff -
Ice& Stone 2020
Ice & Stone 2020 WEEK 33: AUGUST 9-15 Presented by The Earthrise Institute # 33 Authored by Alan Hale About Ice And Stone 2020 It is my pleasure to welcome all educators, students, topics include: main-belt asteroids, near-Earth asteroids, and anybody else who might be interested, to Ice and “Great Comets,” spacecraft visits (both past and Stone 2020. This is an educational package I have put future), meteorites, and “small bodies” in popular together to cover the so-called “small bodies” of the literature and music. solar system, which in general means asteroids and comets, although this also includes the small moons of Throughout 2020 there will be various comets that are the various planets as well as meteors, meteorites, and visible in our skies and various asteroids passing by Earth interplanetary dust. Although these objects may be -- some of which are already known, some of which “small” compared to the planets of our solar system, will be discovered “in the act” -- and there will also be they are nevertheless of high interest and importance various asteroids of the main asteroid belt that are visible for several reasons, including: as well as “occultations” of stars by various asteroids visible from certain locations on Earth’s surface. Ice a) they are believed to be the “leftovers” from the and Stone 2020 will make note of these occasions and formation of the solar system, so studying them provides appearances as they take place. The “Comet Resource valuable insights into our origins, including Earth and of Center” at the Earthrise web site contains information life on Earth, including ourselves; about the brighter comets that are visible in the sky at any given time and, for those who are interested, I will b) we have learned that this process isn’t over yet, and also occasionally share information about the goings-on that there are still objects out there that can impact in my life as I observe these comets. -
Characterization of Temporarily Captured Minimoon 2020 CD₃ By
Draft version August 13, 2020 Typeset using LATEX preprint style in AASTeX62 Characterization of Temporarily-Captured Minimoon 2020 CD3 by Keck Time-resolved Spectrophotometry Bryce T. Bolin,1, 2 Christoffer Fremling,1 Timothy R. Holt,3, 4 Matthew J. Hankins,1 Tomas´ Ahumada,5 Shreya Anand,6 Varun Bhalerao,7 Kevin B. Burdge,1 Chris M. Copperwheat,8 Michael Coughlin,9 Kunal P. Deshmukh,10 Kishalay De,1 Mansi M. Kasliwal,1 Alessandro Morbidelli,11 Josiah N. Purdum,12 Robert Quimby,12, 13 Dennis Bodewits,14 Chan-Kao Chang,15 Wing-Huen Ip,15 Chen-Yen Hsu,15 Russ R. Laher,2 Zhong-Yi Lin,15 Carey M. Lisse,16 Frank J. Masci,2 Chow-Choong Ngeow,15 Hanjie Tan,15 Chengxing Zhai,17 Rick Burruss,18 Richard Dekany,18 Alexandre Delacroix,18 Dmitry A. Duev,6 Matthew Graham,1 David Hale,18 Shrinivas R. Kulkarni,1 Thomas Kupfer,19 Ashish Mahabal,1, 20 Przemyslaw J. Mroz,´ 1 James D. Neill,1 Reed Riddle,21 Hector Rodriguez,22 Roger M. Smith,21 Maayane T. Soumagnac,23, 24 Richard Walters,1 Lin Yan,1 and Jeffry Zolkower18 1Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, U.S.A. 2IPAC, Mail Code 100-22, Caltech, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 3University of Southern Queensland, Computational Engineering and Science Research Centre, Queensland, Australia 4Southwest Research Institute, Department of Space Studies, Boulder, CO-80302, USA 5Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA 6Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of -
Ice& Stone 2020
Ice & Stone 2020 WEEK 51: DECEMBER 13-19 Presented by The Earthrise Institute # 51 Authored by Alan Hale COMET OF THE WEEK: The Great Comet of 1680 Perihelion: 1680 December 18.49, q = 0.006 AU The Great Comet of 1680 over Rotterdam in The Netherlands, during late December 1680 as painted by the Dutch artist Lieve Verschuier. This particular comet was undoubtedly one of the brightest comets of the 17th Century, but it is also one of the most important comets in history from a scientific perspective, and perhaps even from the perspective of overall human history. While there were certainly plenty of superstitions attached to the comet’s appearance, the scientific investigations made of it were among the beginnings of the era in European history we now call The Enlightenment, and indeed, in a sense the Great Comet of 1680 can perhaps be considered as one of the sparks of that era. The significance began with the comet’s discovery, which was made on the morning of November 14, 1680, by a German astronomer residing in Coburg, Gottfried Kirch – the first comet ever to be discovered by means of a telescope. It was already around 4th magnitude at that time, and located near the star Regulus in the constellation Leo; from that point it traveled eastward and brightened rapidly, being closest to Earth (0.42 AU) on November 30. By that time it was a conspicuous naked-eye object with a tail 20 to 30 degrees long, and it remained visible for another week before disappearing into morning twilight. -
Appendix I Lunar and Martian Nomenclature
APPENDIX I LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE A large number of names of craters and other features on the Moon and Mars, were accepted by the IAU General Assemblies X (Moscow, 1958), XI (Berkeley, 1961), XII (Hamburg, 1964), XIV (Brighton, 1970), and XV (Sydney, 1973). The names were suggested by the appropriate IAU Commissions (16 and 17). In particular the Lunar names accepted at the XIVth and XVth General Assemblies were recommended by the 'Working Group on Lunar Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr D. H. Menzel. The Martian names were suggested by the 'Working Group on Martian Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr G. de Vaucouleurs. At the XVth General Assembly a new 'Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature' was formed (Chairman: Dr P. M. Millman) comprising various Task Groups, one for each particular subject. For further references see: [AU Trans. X, 259-263, 1960; XIB, 236-238, 1962; Xlffi, 203-204, 1966; xnffi, 99-105, 1968; XIVB, 63, 129, 139, 1971; Space Sci. Rev. 12, 136-186, 1971. Because at the recent General Assemblies some small changes, or corrections, were made, the complete list of Lunar and Martian Topographic Features is published here. Table 1 Lunar Craters Abbe 58S,174E Balboa 19N,83W Abbot 6N,55E Baldet 54S, 151W Abel 34S,85E Balmer 20S,70E Abul Wafa 2N,ll7E Banachiewicz 5N,80E Adams 32S,69E Banting 26N,16E Aitken 17S,173E Barbier 248, 158E AI-Biruni 18N,93E Barnard 30S,86E Alden 24S, lllE Barringer 29S,151W Aldrin I.4N,22.1E Bartels 24N,90W Alekhin 68S,131W Becquerei