Back to LGBT Basics Trans Pack
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National Ambulance LGBT Network Back to LGBT Basics - Trans A quiz looking at some important cultural moments Supporting Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans staff, in trans history patients and communities Copyright © NALGBTN, 2019 Joshua Barraclough, 6 November 2019 Find us online: National Ambulance @NatAmbLGBTUK www.ambulanceLGBT.org LGBT Network How Does This Work? In this pack of information you will find some interesting facts about Trans history. You will find out about the trans community throughout history. A little warning though… on each slide there is some information that is not correct. Can you spot the false facts? Have fun reading and we hope you enjoy finding out more about trans history and culture. You can find out the answers to this quiz on the National Ambulance LGBT Network website at www.ambulanceLGBT.org/ Talking Terminology Old term: Old term: Old term: Transexual Sex change Transvestite The word The term ‘sex- Magnus Hirschfeld coined the term ’transvestism’ ‘Transsexualism’ first change’ is an in 1910. He used it to describe persons who habitually appeared around outdated term which and voluntarily wore clothes of the opposite sex. 1965 when a is also factually psychiatrist called incorrect. Gender In the 1970’s the term crossdresser was coined, and John Oliven, from Confirmation Surgery today is more widely accepted than transvestite. Columbia University, is preferred as a Crossdresser is a term for someone who identifies with coined the word. It is more accurate way to their assigned gender and who presents in ways now generally describe procedures typically associated with a different gender. Drag Kings considered outdated which confirm who often only present in this way part of the time and may and transgender is they know present in a way typically associated with their assigned more widely themselves to be. gender in most of their day to day life. Crossdressers accepted. may or may not identify as trans. New term: New term: New term: Transgender Gender Crossdresser confirmation surgery Gender Identity Flags The Transgender Flag Black Trans Flag Non-Binary Pride Flag Genderqueer Pride Flag The Transgender Pride Raquel Willis created the The Non-binary Pride flag was Designed by genderqueer Flag was created in 1999 Black Trans Flag as a created by Kye Rowan in 2014 writer and advocate Marilyn by a trans woman from the symbol to represent the when there was a call for a flag Roxie, the genderqueer flag USA called Monica Helms. reduced levels of violence that could represent the non- was created in 2011. the black trans community binary community. face. Agender Pride Flag Genderfluid Pride Flag The Trans Flag The Trans Kaleidoscope Salem, an artist from New The Genderfluid flag was The Trans Flag was created The Trans Kaleidoscope was York created the agender designed in 2012 by by Michelle Lindsay a graphic created by members of the flag in an effort to JJ Poole and displays five designer from Ottawa, Toronto Trans Alliance in increase visibility. They coloured horizontal stripes. Canada. 2014. The colours represent a were 20 when the flag range of gender identities was created. across the spectrum. James Barry James Barry was a military He was profoundly surgeon in the British Army, passionate about providing born in Cork, Ireland in 1789. quality health care. However, He went to University in he did seem to have issues Edinburgh. He lived both his with authority and was not private life and public life as easy to work with. He even male so that he could attend had an altercation with Marie University and become a Curie when he visited the surgeon despite being born Crimea. James Barry female. He died in London in 1865. His His first posting was to Cape last instruction was that he Town, South Africa in 1816. Whilst wished to be buried in the there, Barry performed the first clothes in which he died, Caesarean section in Africa in without examination. which both the mother and the Unfortunately, this was ignored child survived. The baby boy he and a charwoman hired to lay delivered was named James Barry out the body discovered the Munnik in his honour. truth about his sex; at first she tried to blackmail the army, and Portrait of There was no denying Barry was a very skilled surgeon when that failed she made the James Barry and wherever he went he made great improvements to news public. healthcare and sanitation. Gender Diverse Cultures Quariwarmi (Inca) In pre-colonial Andean culture, the Incas worshipped the chuqui chinchay, a dual- gendered god. Third-gender shamans performed sacred rituals to honour this god. Mino (Benin) The Kingdom of Dahomey (now Benin) had an all-female regiment of female warriors called the mino (our mothers). They were unmarried and childless women who were thought to have masculine or aggressive traits. Hijra (South Asia) In South Asian cultures including India, Pakistan, and ‘Sistergirls’ and ‘Brotherboys’ (Aboriginal) Bangladesh, hijras are those assigned male at birth who In Canada, indigenous transgender people are known as adopt a feminine gender identity, ‘sistergirls’ and ‘brotherboys’. As in some other native women's clothing and other cultures, there is evidence that feminine gender roles. Hijra trans and intersex people were generally live on the margins of much more accepted in their society and many live in society before colonisation. well-defined, organised, all-hijra Now, there is much more stigma communities, led by a guru. attached to these individuals. The Crossdresser’s Ball (1880) From this position he The Crossdresser’s Ball, also sometimes watched through the called the The Drag Ball, took place on the windows into the hall, he 24 September 1880 In Hulme, Bolton. saw the large group of men, however about half of them were now The Temperance Hall in Hulme was hired for an dressed in women’s event on 24 September by a group of men who clothing. claimed to be from the Pawn Brokers’ Assistants’ Association. The ball started around 21:30 and the At 02:00 police raided blinds of the windows looking into the hall were the ball. The men inside drawn or covered with newspaper. attempted to resist arrest but it was futile. The Illustrated Police News, There were around 47 men Women’s clothing was 1880. The front page shows the attending the Hall that evening strewn around the room events of 24th September 1880 as some had attempted and the arrest of the men at the and music could be heard from drag ball. inside. Detective-Sergeant to quickly change. Jerome Caminada took interest in The men were arrested and charged the next day the loud music and covered with having ‘solicited and incited each other to windows. Caminada climbed onto commit an unnameable offense’. The trial was a the roof of an outhouse which mixture of social outrage and humour. Sadly, many allowed him to see into the hall. Jerome Caminada 1890 of the men were sent to prison with hard labour. Magnus Hirschfeld 1897 Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld founds the first gay liberation organisation in Germany: the Magnus Hirschfeld was a Scientific Humanitarian Committee. German physician and sexologist. An outspoken 1910 Magnus Hirschfeld coins the terms ‘transvestite’ advocate for sexual and ‘transsexual’. minorities, Hirschfeld founded the Scientific 1919 Magnus Hirschfeld becomes one of sexology’s Humanitarian Committee the founding fathers when he opens the world’s first first advocacy group for gay Magnus Hirschfeld sexological institute, the Institute for Sexual and transgender rights. Science in Berlin. It becomes the first clinic to serve transgender people on a regular basis. He founded the Institute for Sexual Research, which opened on 6 July 1919 in Berlin. 1932 Magnus Hirschfeld performs the first ‘documented’ Sexual Reassignment Surgery (SRS) on Dora-R. Working with surgeons he established and 1932 Man Into Woman, the story of Lili Elbe’s life, MTF operated what was in practice the worlds first transition, and SRS is published. Gender Identity Clinic. One of Hirschfeld’s first clients was Einer Wegener, who transitioned to 1933 The Institute for Sexology is raided, shut down, become Lili Elbe, undergoing the worlds first and its records destroyed by the IRA. Physicians documented male to female gender and researchers involved in the clinic flee reassignment. Germany. Lili Elbe In 2000, David Ebershoff wrote The Danish Girl, a fictionalised account of Elbe's life. It was an Lili Elbe, was a international bestseller and was translated into a Danish transgender dozen languages. woman and among the early recipients of sex reassignment surgery. In 2015, it was made into a film, also called Boys Don’t In 1930, Elbe went to Germany for sex Cry, produced by Gail reassignment surgery, which was highly Mutrux and Neil LaBute experimental at the time. A series of four operations and starring Eddie were carried out over a period of two years. In 1931 Redmayne as Elbe. The Elbe was looking forward to her final surgery film was well received at involving a uterus transplant since she wanted the Venice Film Festival in children. Sadly, her immune system rejected the September 2015, although transplanted uterus. The operation and a it has been criticised for its subsequent surgical revision caused an infection, casting of an English which, in that pre-antibiotic age, led to Elbe's death cisgender man to play a from cardiac arrest on 13 September 1931, three Danish transgender months after the surgery. woman. The Nazi Party In 1933, the Nazi Most people sentenced under regime launched their Paragraph 175 served time in assault against the state prisons rather than death queer and trans camps. The total number of community of Germany.