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Invasive Insect Pests and Their Associated Parasitoids on Ornamental Urban Plants on Corfu Island

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Invasive Insect Pests and Their Associated Parasitoids on Ornamental Urban Plants on Corfu Island Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 7: 53-59, 2014 SHORT COMMUNICATION Invasive insect pests and their associated parasitoids on ornamental urban plants on Corfu island - Phytoliriomyza jacarandae Steyskal and Spencer 1978 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) a new record in Greece S. Bella Summary In this study the results of recent surveys on alien insect pests of ornamental urban plants on the island of Corfu are reported. Overall seven alien species associated with allochthonous orna- mental plants were recorded: Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama 1908), Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore 1964 (Hemiptera, Psyllidae), Corythucha ciliata (Say 1832) (Hemiptera, Tingidae), Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman 1847) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), Phytoliriomyza jacarandae Steyskal and Spencer 1978 (Dip- tera, Agromyzidae), Cacyreus marshalli Butler 1898 (Lepidoptera, Lycenidae) and Leptocybe invasa Fish- er and La Salle 2004 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). Particularly, Phytoliriomyza jacarandae, a leafminer of the Blue jacaranda tree Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don. (Bignoniaceae) is reported for the fi rst time from Greece. Two associated parasitoids, Platygaster robiniae Buhl and Duso 2008 (Hymenoptera, Platyg- astridae) and Psyllaephagus bliteus Riek 1962 (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) obtained from Obolodiplosis robiniae and Glycaspis brimblecombei, respectively, are also reported. Details on current distribution, host plants and biological remarks are given for each species. Additional keywords: alien insects, fi rst record, urban environment Introduction several invasive insect pests have been in- troduced, have spread rapidly in the Medi- The introduction of alien insects is a grow- terranean area and are causing serious dam- ing phenomenon especially in countries age to agricultural, forest and ornamental with intensive international movement of plants. Biological invasions by alien insect goods and people. This is particularly evi- species are a great ecological and economic dent in the Mediterranean Basin where cli- threat for their direct and indirect impact on matic conditions are more favourable for indigenous biodiversity. the numerous tropical and subtropical spe- The aim of this work was to identify alien cies to establish themselves. The continu- insect species on urban ornamental plants ously increasing use of numerous species of on Corfu. Field observations were made by plants native to diff erent regions of the plan- the author in the late summer 2013 in public et in European parks and gardens has been gardens in various towns. enriching the European fauna with main- ly alien species that develop on the same host plants (Bella, 2013). In the last decade, Materials and methods Dipartimento di Gestione dei Sistemi Agroalimentari e Samplings were carried out in August 2013 Ambientali (DiGeSA), sez. Entomologia applicata, Uni- throughout Corfu. Ornamental exotic plants versità degli Studi di Catania, Via S. Sofi a, 100. 95123 Ca- tania, Italy were investigated to ascertain the presence Email: [email protected] of possible pests, by beating or by careful vis- . © Benaki Phytopathological Institute 54 Bella ual search of specimens or by examination of are produced and can cause some incon- symptoms. Species identifi cation was based venience in urban environments (Sánchez on the morphology of adults and preimagi- García and Burckhardt, 2009). nal stages; important was the observation of the type of galls and leafmines and the asso- Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore 1964 ciation with the host plants. Part of the sam- Native range: species described from Aus- ples was conserved in 75% ethanol and la- tralia. belled. The collected material was studied Distribution: this species has shown inva- in the laboratory, dissected under a binoc- sive behaviour in the last 15 years and has ular microscope and prepared when neces- spread across several continents outside sary. Examined material is preserved in the its native range. It was fi rst detected in the private collection of the author and partly in United States of America (California, Florida the entomological collection of the Depart- and the Hawaiian Islands) and subsequent- ment of Agri-food and Environmental Sys- ly recorded from Mexico, Central and South tems Management, University of Catania. America (Brazil, Uruguay, Ecuador, Venezue- la, Colombia, Peru, Chile and Argentina) and Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and South Results Africa). It is also found in the Canary Islands, New Zealand and Mauritius (Bella, 2013). In Detected species Europe, G. brimblecombei is reported from Portugal, Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sici- Hemiptera, Psyllidae ly, Sardinia, Greece, Corfu and Montenegro (Bella and Rapisarda, 2013; Reguia and Peris- Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama 1908) Felipo, 2013; Ben Attia and Rapisarda, 2014; Native range: species of oriental origin (Chi- Milonas and Partsinevelos, 2014; Tsagkarakis na, Korea and Japan). et al., 2014). Distribution: in Europe, it was fi rst detect- Host plant: associated with diff erent species ed in Italy and later recorded in numerous of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) (Brennan et al., European countries, including the Unit- 2001); in the Mediterranean area mainly on ed Kingdom, Portugal, Spain, France, Corsi- the River red gum, E. camaldulensis Dehnh. ca, Switzerland, Germany, Slovenia, Croatia, Material examined: 16-20 August 2013; Ben- Montenegro, Serbia, Slovakia, Greece, Bul- itses, 39° 32΄N, 19° 54΄E, 6 m a.s.l.; Lefkim- garia and Hungary. Since 2006, it has been mi 39° 24΄N, 20° 04΄E, 6 m a.s.l.; Kassiopi, found in the United States of America (Bel- 39° 47΄N, 19° 45΄E, 8 m a.s.l.; Corfu city, 39° la, 2013). 37΄N, 19° 55΄E, 10 m a.s.l.; Roda, 39° 47΄N, 19° Host plant: diff erent species of Albizia (Fa- 48΄E, 27 m a.s.l.; Agios Mattheos, 39° 29΄N, baceae, Mimosoideae); in Europe on the Per- 19° 52΄E, 140 m a.s.l.; Sinarades, 39° 34΄N, 19° sian silk tree, A. julibrissin (Willdenow) Du- 50΄E, 151 m a.s.l.; Kato Garouna, 39° 32΄N, 19° razzini. 51΄E, 225 m a.s.l.; Pelekas, 39° 35΄N, 19° 49΄E, Material examined: Corfu city, 39°37΄N, 247 m a.s.l.; nymphal stage and adults have 19°55΄E, 10 m a.s.l., 17.VIII.2013, adults on A. been observed on E. camaldulensis. julibrissin. Biological remarks: nymph instars construct Biological remarks: the life cycle of A. jama- white conical lerps using wax and honey- tonica includes numerous overlapping gen- dew secretions, while the adults are highly erations; the psyllid overwinters in the adult mobile and live freely on the foliage. It pro- stage. Leaves and shoots can be completely duces copious amounts of wax and honey- colonised by juvenile and adult stages with dew on the infested leaves, causing desicca- serious damage, leading to total or partial tion and premature leaf drop (Laudonia and desiccation. Large amounts of honeydew Garonna, 2010). © Benaki Phytopathological Institute Invasive insect pests on ornamental urban plants on Corfu island 55 Hemiptera, Tingidae locust tree, R. pseudoacacia L. Biological remarks: the larvae form charac- Corythucha ciliata (Say 1832) teristic leaf-margin roll galls. Usually 1-2 lar- Native range: species of Nearctic origin. vae can be found in a gall and 1-3 galls per Distribution: now widespread across Europe leafl et. The larvae of the summer genera- in the United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain, tions pupate inside the galls on the trees, France (including Corsica), Italy (including while those of the autumn generation pu- Sardinia and Sicily), Belgium, Netherlands, pate in the soil after leaf fall. Several gener- Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Croatia, Slo- ations (2, 3 or even 4) of the gall midge may venia, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, Turkey, develop in a year depending on climatic Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Hunga- conditions (Bella, 2007). ry and Bulgaria. It has been found in Chile, southern Russia, Korea, China, Japan and Diptera, Agromyzidae Australia (Bella, 2013). Host plant: feeds primarily on Sycamore Phytoliriomyza jacarandae Steyskal and trees, Platanus (Platanaceae), especially P. oc- Spencer 1978 cidentalis L.; other host plants are Brousson- Native range: species of South American or- etia papyrifera (L.) Vent., Carya ovata (Mill.) igin. Koch, Tila sp., Chamaedaphne sp., Fraxinus Distribution: it is widespread in Argenti- sp., and Quercus laurifolia Michx. na (Córdoba), the United States of Ameri- Material examined: Corfu city, 39°37΄N, ca (California), Australia, New Zealand and 19°55΄E, 10 m a.s.l., 17.VIII.2013, adults on Pla- South Africa (Spencer, 1990). In the Palaeart- tanus sp. ic region, the only records are in Italy (Ligu- Biological remarks: C. ciliata feeds on the ria and Sicily regions) and Portugal (Bella et underside of leaves desiccating the tissue, al., 2007; Bella, 2013). which may drop prematurely. A single fe- Host plant: monophagous leafminer of the male can lay up to 350 eggs along the leaf Blue jacaranda tree, Jacaranda mimosifolia veins. There are fi ve immature instars, and in D. Don. (Bignoniaceae). Europe one life cycle is completed in just 20 Material examined: Kato Garouna, 39°32΄N, to 50 days and several generations can oc- 19°51΄E, 216 m a.s.l., 16.VIII.2013. cur each year (Malumphy et al., 2006). Biological remarks: the young larva produc- es a short linear brown mine in a single leaf- Diptera, Cecidomyiidae let developing into an irregular blotch. The aff ected leaves drop and the larva pupate in Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman 1847) the soil. The canopy quickly yellows and de- Native range: species of Nearctic origin. foliates (Bella et al., 2007). Distribution: in Europe, it was fi rst noticed during 2003 in Italy, and subsequently it has Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae rapidly spread throughout a large part of Eu- rope. It has also been observed in South Ko- Cacyreus marshalli Butler 1898 rea, China, Japan, New Zealand, Ucraina and Native range: species of South African ori- Russia (Bella, 2013). For the Corfu the spe- gin (Swaziland, Lesotho, Botswana, Mozam- cies is reported by Skuhravá and Skuhravý bique, Zimbabwe and South Africa). (2006). Distribution: it is widespread in the Balear- Host plant: diff erent species of Robinia (Fa- ic Islands, Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, Nor- baceae: Papilionoideae).
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