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Geology, Petroleum Development, and Seismicity of the Santa Barbara Channel Region, California A

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Geology, Petroleum Development, and Seismicity of the Santa Barbara Channel Region, California A Geology, Petroleum Development, and Seismicity of the Santa Barbara Channel Region, California A. Geologic Framework of the Santa Barbara Channel Region B. Petroleum Development in the Region of the Santa Barbara Channel C. Geologic Characteristics of the Dos Cuadras Offshore Oil Field D. Seismicity and Associated Effects, Santa Barbara Region GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 679 Geology, Petroleum Development, and Seismicity of the Santa Barbara Channel Region, California A. Geologic Framework of the Santa Barbara Channel Region By J. G. VEDDER, H. C. WAGNER, and J. E. SCHOELLHAMER B. Petroleum Development in the Region of the Santa Barbara Channel By R. F. YERKES, H. C. WAGNER, and K. A. YENNE C. Geologic Characteristics of the Dos Cuadras Offshore Oil Field By T. H. McCULLOH D. Seismicity and Associated Effects, Santa Barbara Region By R. M. HAMILTON, R. F. YERKES, R. D. BROWN, JR., R. O. BURFORD, and J. M. DENOYER GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 679 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1969 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 70-603491 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 FOREWORD Southern California is rich in petroleum and natural gas accumulations both on land and offshore. Over the past century, California has produced more than 8 billion barrels of oil and more than 23 trillion cubic feet of gas. The petroleum industry is one of the major economic factors of the State and involves a capital investment in excess of $7 billion and employs more than 100,000 people. Daily production of petroleum measures in excess of 1 million barrels of oil, which is about 65 percent of the requirements for the region. The situation is one of current shortage of production and projected increase in need. As a natural extension of development of State tidelands, which began in earnest in 1958, a public sale of Federal wildcat leases in 1968 drew a surprisingly large total of $603 million. During normal development of a prospective petroleum-bearing oil pool on the Rincon structural trend, about 6^ miles southeast of Santa Barbara, a gas blowout occurred on January 28,1969, during completion of the fifth well being drilled from Platform A on Federal Tract OCS P-0241. Until February 7, when the well was killed by cementing, uncontrolled flow led to local oil pollution on the sea surface. Reservoir,damage during this period caused a subsequent moderate and steady oil seepage from the sea floor that has since caused a continual slick on the surface. This seepage, estimated to be at a daily average rate of 30 barrels in the 4-month period March through June 1969, was substantially reduced by early September to less than 10 barrels per day as a result of a drilling and grouting program authorized by the Secretary of the Interior following recommendations of a special Presidential Advisory Panel. The Santa Barbara incident was the first significant oil-pollution experi­ ence resulting from drilling or working 7,860 wells under Federal jurisdiction on the Outer Continental Shelf since 1953. In consequence of this event, by direction of the Secretary of the Interior, Federal operating and leasing regulations have been strengthened, and additional safeguards have been added in all Federally supervised operations. The purpose of this report is to present specific information that will help provide a better understanding of the geologic framework of the Channel region and of the circumstances relating to the oil seepage in the vicinity of Platform A. The four chapters of this report and accompanying appendixes have been compiled by staff members of the U.S. Geological Survey. Several petroleum companies have permitted use of their proprietary technical data in order to prepare a balanced and complete report. Opportunity to include these data is gratefully acknowledged. This report incorporates information upon which the recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Panel were based as well as information that subsequently has become available. W. T. Pecora Director, U.S. Geological Survey CONTENTS Page Foreword ___________________________________________________ III (A) Geologic framework of the Santa Barbara Channel region, by J. G. Vedder, H. C. Wagner,and J. E. Schoellhamer________________________________ 1 (B) Petroleum development in the region of the Santa Barbara Channel, by R. F. Yerkes, H.C. Wagner,and K. A. Yenne ___________________________ 13 (C) Geologic characteristics of the Dos Cuadras Offshore oil field, by T. H. McCulloh _ _ _ 29 (D) Seismicity and associated effects, Santa Barbara region, by R. M. Hamilton, R. F. Yerkes, R. D. Brown, Jr., R. O. Burf ord, and J. M.DeNoyer ______________ 47 References cited.________________________________________________ 69 Appendix A______________-___________________________-__-_--_- 71 Appendix B_ __________________________________________________ 73 Appendix C_ ___________________________________________________ 73 Appendix D_____________________________________________-_____ 75 Appendix E____________________-____________________--_----__- 76 PLATES [In pocket] PLATE 1. Generalized geologic map of the Santa Barbara Channel region. 2. Map showing oil and gas fields, leased areas, and seeps in the Santa Barbara Channel region. 3. Structure of the Dos Cuadras oil field and contiguous parts of the Rincon trend. Geologic Framework of the Santa Barbara Channel Region By J. G. VEDDER, H. C. WAGNER, and J. E. SCHOELLHAMER GEOLOGY, PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT, AND SEISMICITY OF THE SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL REGION, CALIFORNIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 679-A CONTENTS Page Regional setting-___________________________________________ 1 Stratigraphic summary ________________________________________ 1 Cretaceous marine rocks _____________________________________ 2 Paleocene and Eocene marine rocks _____________________________ 2 Oligocene marine and nonmarine rocks ___________________________ 3 Miocene marine rocks ______________________________________ 3 Lower part __________________________________________ 3 Middle part __________________________________________ 3 Upper part_ _ ________________________________________ 4 Miocene volcanic rocks ______________________________________ 4 Lower and upper Pliocene marine rocks__________________________ 4 Lower and upper Pleistocene deposits ____________________________ 5 Holocene deposits ________________________________________ 5 Generalized structure of the Santa Barbara Channel region._______________ 5 Geologic history.___________________________________________ 11 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE 1. Index map showing major geomorphic provinces of southern California- ____________ 2 2. Selected stratigraphic sections of the Santa Barbara Channel region.______________ 6 3. Onshore structure section, Santa Barbara to Santa Ynez fault- _ _________________ 8 4. Interpretive drawing of acoustic subbottom profile, Santa Barbara to Anacapa Passage-__ 9 5. Schematic structure contour map of the Rincon trend_________________________ 10 IX 365-228 O - 69 - 2 GEOLOGY, PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT, AND SEISMICITY OF THE SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL REGION, CALIFORNIA GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK OF THE SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL REGION By J. G. VEDDER, H. C. WAGNER, and J. E. SCHOELLHAMER REGIONAL SETTING has a length of nearly 80 miles, a width of about 25 miles, and an area of about 1,750 square miles. The The Santa Barbara Channel region forms the deepest part, about 2,050 feet below sea level, lies westernmost part of the Transverse Range province, about midway between El Capitan Beach on the main­ which is one of several large geomorphic and struc­ land and Carrington Point, the northernmost prom­ tural provinces of southern California (fig. 1). As ontory on Santa Rosa Island. The configuration of here defined, the channel region includes the Santa this sea-floor topographic basin is illustrated by the Ynez Mountains to the north and the Channel Islands bathymetric contours on plate 1. to the south; Point Conception and San Miguel Island lie near the west margin; the town of Ojai and STRATIGRAPHIC SUMMARY 1 Hueneme Canyon are situated near the east edge (Pi. 1). Strata in the western Ventura basin and Santa The west-trending topographic features of the Ynez Mountains range in age from Early Cretaceous elongate Transverse Range province transect the to Holocene and unconformably overlie, or are faulted dominant regional northwest structural grain of against, basement rocks that are pre-Cretaceous(?) in California. The high terrain in the eastern part of age (pi. 1). The basement rocks consist of three the province is composed primarily of crystalline rocks distinct assemblages, one of which occurs in fault that are older than most of the exposed rocks in the slivers along the Santa Ynez fault and the other two Santa Barbara Channel region. The channel region as belts of outcrops on the south half of Santa Cruz forms the western part of the province; it is the Island. In the Santa Ynez Range, the so-called base­ partly submerged extension of the Ventura basin, a ment rock consists of discontinuous pods and lenses topographic and structural depression that contains of sheared graywacke, shale, and chert that commonly more than 50,000 feet of Cretaceous and Tertiary are assigned to the Franciscan Formation. These strata. The bordering mountain ranges and islands severely deformed strata are intruded by
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