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Sikkim Book Text 2016 ffoorr ll IInn mmaa ttaa tt nn ioio ee nn mm S S y n n y s s o o r r t t i i e e v v m m n n E E INDIA Volume 1(4), 2015 ISSN : 2455-8133 (Online) State at a Glance Sikkim ENVIS CCeenntrtree oonn HHimimalalaayyanan EEccoolologygy G.B.. PPantt IInsnstittitututee ofof HHimimalalayayanan EEnvnviroironmnmenentt & & D Devevelelopopmmenentt (An AuAutontonomououss IInstnstituitutete ofof MiMinisnistrytry ofof EnEnvirvirononmement,nt, Fo Foresrest ta andnd Cl Climimateate Ch Chanangege, ,G Goveovernmrnmenent to fo fIn Indiadia) ) Kosi-Katatarmrmal,al, AAlmlmorora-a-262633 664343,, UUttattararakhkhanand,d, Ind Indiaia Volume 1(4), 2015 State at a Glance: Sikkim Copyright ©: 2015, GBPIHED, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora ENVIS Advisory Committee Dr. P. P. Dhyani Series Editors Director, GBPIHED G. C. S. Negi CHAIRMAN Prof. S.S. Bargali, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India S. Sharma R. Joshi MEMBERS Prof. Varun Joshi, Guru Govind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi, India ENVIS Team Dr. G.C.S. Negi, Them Head - BCM & ES, GBPIHED, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India Mr. Ranjan Joshi, Theme Head - WPM, GBPIHED, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India Dr. P. P. Dhyani, Coordinator Dr. Sandipan Mukherjee, Scientist, GBPIHED, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India Dr. S. Sharma, Scientist-in-Charge Dr. Dinesh Giri, Programme Officer MEMBER SECRETARY Dr. Subrat Sharma, Them Head - CC, GBPIHED, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India Mr. V. C. Sharma, Information Officer Mr. S. K. Sinha, IT Assistant Mr. Arvind Kumar, Field/Lab Assistant (Institute Support) Online available at : http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/sikkim.html Cover Photo Credits : H.K. Badola, Vaibhav Gosavi Disclaimer : The information furnished in this volume is made available with the sole purpose of providing and wider dissemination of scientific information from secondary sources and is not meant for commercial use and purposes. ENVIS-GBPIHED Centre is not responsible for, any mistake, misprint or factual error, if any. S t a t e a t a G la n c e : S i k k i m Volume 1(4), 2015 State at a Glance: Sikkim Compiled by Dinesh Giri, S.K. Sinha and V.C. Sharma ENVIS Coordinator/Director, GBPIHED Dr. P.P. Dhyani Editorial Board G.C.S. Negi S. Sharma R. Joshi P. Sirari ENVIS Centre on Himalayan Ecology G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development (An Autonomous Institute of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India) Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263 643, Uttarakhand, India Preface The majestic Himalaya, which breezes life into all inter-dependent components of ecological systems and environment, needs to be better understood. In particular, availability of ‘data’ that helps in turning simple 'opinions' into 'facts' and then, analyses of such data-base reveals present patterns and assists in future projections. Realizing this fact, a new publication series of "ENVIS Centre on Himalayan Ecology" has been initiated with an attempt to collect, collate and synthesize available data/information on different aspects of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). The past and present status of various interlinked components such as demography, socio-economy, literacy, land, water, climate, natural resources, etc. reveals crucial cues about the past planning status, current pace of development, and future growth prospects. In India, there exist a number of specialized government agencies and departments which collect and compile such datasets and make them available through various mechanisms. In these endeavors, treating each Himalayan State as one independent entity, following compilation of datasets in a condensed volume is likely to be more useful for a wide range of information seekers, users and stakeholders. In the above context, "ENVIS Centre on Himalayan Ecology" at G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development has prepared this issue on "Sikkim" State. This publication, fourth in its series, covers temporal trends across important segments, e.g., Social, Education, Health and Family welfare, Climate, Land, Water, Agriculture, Horticulture, Livestock, Forests, Minerals and Petroleum, Industry, Road and Transport profiles, etc., which would help in policy planning and decision-making. I am hopeful that this compendium based on secondary information would be useful for understanding of environment and developmental status of this Himalayan State, and cater to the need of various stakeholders. I urge the readers to provide comments and views so as to enable us to further strengthen the forthcoming similar issues on other states of IHR. I take this opportunity to thank all colleagues in the Institute, particularly the ENVIS team for their valuable contribution and MoEF&CC for their generous funding support. The critical review of this issue by readers will guide us to further improve other similar publications in future. P.P. Dhyani Director G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development From the Editorial Desk Augmentation of authentic data base on physical, biological and socio-economic aspects of the Himalayan mountains has always been challenging and fascinating to academicians, researchers, planners and policy makers and implementing agencies, particularly when this region is viewed as “data deficient” by the Inter Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Authentic data base is not only important for generating fundamental knowledge but also proves crucial for formulating policies and developmental planning. "ENVIS Centre on Himalayan Ecology" of this Institute has been given a task by the MoEF&CC, Govt. of India to compile such a data base for the Indian Himalayan states. Therefore, continuing with the series of past such publications for Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir, in the present publication we have taken up the state of 'Sikkim' by collecting, collating and compiling secondary data base available with various sources. In coming years, we will bring out such publications on other states of Indian Himalayan region. We hope that readers will find this compilation a useful reference for baseline information. Suggestions to improve this publication series are always welcome. Editorial Team CONTENTS Profile Page No. About Sikkim i-ii Fact Sheet iii -vi Social 01 Education 15 Health and Family Welfare 29 Climate 37 Land 43 Water 51 Agriculture 57 Horticulture 67 Livestock 71 Forests and Protected Areas 79 Minerals and Petroleum 87 Industry 89 Road and Transport 93 Miscellaneous 101 Web Directory 111 About Sikkim Not to Scale Sikkim is the 22nd state of India came into existence with effect from 26th April, 1975. Sikkim has been divided into four districts and each district has further been bifurcated into two sub- divisions for administrative purpose. Sikkim state being a part of inner mountain ranges of Himalayas is hilly having varied elevation ranging from 300 to 8540 m. But the habitable areas are only up to the altitude of 2100 m. constituting only 20% of the total area of the state. The highest portion of Sikkim lies in its North West direction. A large number of mountains having altitudes of about seven thousand meters stands here with - Kanchenjunga (8598 m.), The third highest peak in the world. The high serrated, snow capped spurs and peaks of i Kanchenjunga look attractive consisting of Kumbha Karna (7711 m.), Pendem (6706 m.), Narsingh (5825 m.), Kabru Dome (6545 m.), etc. A number of glaciers descends from eastern slopes of Kanchenjunga into Sikkim where snow clad line is found above 5300 m. The biggest of them is Zemu, from whose snout above Lachen monastery rises the river Teesta. Teesta is the main river and its main tributaries are Zemu, Lachung, Rangyong, Dikchu, Rongli, Rangpo and Rangit which form the main channel of drainage from the north to the south. It boasts of the great mount Kanchendzonga as its crown. Ethically Sikkim has mainly three groups of people viz. Nepalis, Bhutias, Lepchas. The local language is Nepali. English is the official language. This jewel- like mountain state of ethereal beauty with an area of 7299 sq. km., nestles in the heart of Himalayas. Cradled in the manifold splendors of nature deep within the snow clad Himalayas is Sikkim's capital Gangtok. Source: http://sikkim.nic.in/sws/home_int.htm Map source: http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/11part1.pdf ii Fact Sheet - Sikkim Geographical Area : 7096 sq.km Administrative Structure No. of Districts : 4 No. of Tehsils : 9 No. of CD Blocks : 9 No. of Panchayats : 906 Number of village (including uninhabited villages) : 451 No. of Towns : 9 Items Sector/Year Unit Sikkim Population 2001 Total No 540851 Population 2011 Total No 607688 No. of Towns 2001 No 9 No. of Towns 2011 No 9 Decadal Growth of Absolute 134394 1991-2001 Population Percentage 33.06 Decadal Growth of Absolute 66837 Population 2001-2011 Percentage 12.36 Urban Population as 2001 Percentage 11.07 a percentage to Total Population 1971 Percentage 25.2 1981 Females per 863 Sex Ratio 1991 1,000 Males 835 2011 ,, 878 iii Density of 2001 Per Sq. Km 76 Population Density of Population 2011 Per Sq. Km 86 Literacy Rate 2001 Percentage 69.68 Literacy Rate 2011 Percentage 82.20 Percentage of Main 2001 Percentage 39.31 Workers to Total 2011 Percentage 37.73 Population Location Approx. 27 deg. North 88 Deg. East Capital Gangtok District, Areas and East District (954 sq.km.) - Gangtok District Capitals West District (1166 sq.km) - Gyalshing South District (750 sq.km) - Namchi North District (4226 sq.km.)- Mangan No.
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