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Human Rights Human ARAB ORGANIZATION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS FOR HUMAN ORGANIZATION ARAB HUMAN AOHR .. Using the pretext of fear of terrorism loses its significance when restrictions are imposed RIGHTS on the civil society, on top of which come the human rights groups. A healthy civil society should only support human rights. Only then the civil society can become the IN THE ARAB WORLD HUMAN most vital factor in raising civil awareness, as well as curbing and eradicating terrorism. In the absence of a healthy civil society, anti RIGHTS -terrorism measures shall move in a vicious circle and all parties shall fail to fulfill common IN THE ARAB WORLD objectives and would finally lead to a total fiasco .. ..This report covers ... a period that was abundant with ambiguous events, due to the crimes committed, parties involved, and current and future outcomes. The report was not mistaken when it described the situation as a small-scale third world war taking place CAIRO REPORT OF THE ARAB ORGANIZATION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS on Arab territories. One third of the world 2016 THE STATUS OF HUMAN RIGHTS countries take part in one way or another IN THE ARAB WORLD through bilateral or collective alliances. The said war aims to restructure the regional and international balance of power. CAIRO 2016 AOHR HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE ARAB WORLD REPORT OF THE ARAB ORGANIZATION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS THE STATUS OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE ARAB WORLD CAIRO 2016 1 2 The report is prepared by Mr. Mohsen Awad In collaboration with Mr. Alaa Shalaby And : Mr. Mohammed Rady, Mr. Eslam Abol-Enien, Mr. Ahmed Reda, Ms. Monya Samy and Ms. Yasmine Yehia Cover Design Mr. Sami Zakaria Publication Number (Arabic Version) (2017/5073) Supported by The Arab Human Rights Fund (AHRF) 3 The Arab Organization for Human Rights President: Ms. Maha Al-Barjas Secretary-General: Mr. Alaa Shalaby Members of the Board of Trustees: (In Arabic alphabetical order) 1- Amin Mekki Medani * Sudan 2- Asma khader Jordan 3- Hafez Abu Seada * Egypt 4- Hamid Fadlallah * Treasurer Germany 5- Hassan Moussa * Austria 6 -Raji Sourani Palestine 7- Rasim Atassi Syria 8- Zeyad Abdel-Smad Lebanon 9- Seham Al-Foraih Kuwait 10- Abdel-Ilah Abdel-Salam Morocco 11- Abdulla Al-Derazi Bahrain 12- Abdel-Basset Bin Hassan Tunisia 13- Abdul-Sattar Bin Moussa Tunisia 14- Abdul-Ghaffar Hussein Emirates 15- Abdel-Moneim El-hurr Libya 16- Alaa Shalaby * Secretary-General Egypt 17 -Mohamed El-Neshnash Morocco 18- Fadhle Ali Abdullah Yemen 19 -Mohsen Awad Egypt 20- Mohamed Fayek Egypt 21- Mokhtar Bin Saied Algeria 22-Maha Al-Barjas * President Kuwait Executive Director : Mohamed Rady (*) Members of the Executive Committee 4 Preface Events of 2016 came contrary to expectations of the last quarter of 2015. The direct military intervention of major powers in “bleeding” Syria did not put an end to the bloodshed and the mayhem exacerbated there. Al Sokhairat Agreement signed by Libyan factions, under an international sponsorship, failed to signal the end of chaos that worsened and led to more divisions and further fragmentation. Hopes that fighting or negotiations might play a role in terminating the process of destruction of the collapsing Yemen dwindled. While Daesh (ISIS) terrorism expanded in Iraq within a few days in mid-2014, the Iraqi government managed to progressively but slowly confront, resulting in a mounting trend of sectarian crimes that were as brutal and atrocious as the crimes committed by the terrorist organization. After decades of bitter civil armed conflicts, the situation is the Sudan and Somalia is still the same. Still, it is not possible to count victims there or monitor the alarming impacts on the future of the two countries in view of the current political blundering. In Egypt and Tunisia, that survived the storm of the international and regional attempts to manipulate their revolutions, challenges of terrorism coupled with international economic conditions, led to decline of aspirations. The realization of popular aspirations bolstered by constitutional entitlements is still farfetched. The Palestinian Cause slipped into the shadows at this stage when the Israeli occupation enjoys a cover provided by the extensive turmoil in the region and the deep Arab engagement in the internal issues in each country. Furthermore, the philosophy that governs some Arab ruling regimes in the region is the focus on sectarian conflicts. 5 The official Arab action has little impact on the Palestinian cause and it is confined to routine statements that enticed the new US Administration (2017) to conclude the conspiracy of moving the US Embassy to the occupied Arab Jerusalem. Though the period covered by the report witnessed a remarkable progress in women‟s participation on the political level in particular, the progress does not indicate that there is a serious political will to support this participation. Rather, it indicates the need to support ruling regimes at times of wild political changes. In view of the extensive, complicated and intricate regional turmoil, and fears of unexpected change of the maps of the region, all Arab countries suffered from conflicts and their repercussions or at least from terrorism. If a country has not suffered from tangible acts of terrorism, it would have undertaken security and judicial moves aiming to avert the specter of terrorism. This led the security institutions to confuse political opposition with terrorism and short sentences of objection with cybercrimes. The report takes interest in the changes of the map of the active terrorist organizations in the region as these transformations have a strong impact on the instant change of the political maps on the one hand, and are used as a pretext to stifle public freedoms in lieu of enhancing social structures and developing the civil state capabilities on the other. It has been the norm in Arab countries that human rights, as a fact and guarantees, become an easy prey of the considerations of maintaining security and stability and the claims of keeping the wheel of production running at any pace. It seems that the official circles have not yet learned the lessons of this gloomy era. One of the worst features of the period covered by the report is that the Arab human rights activists have become the target of crimes. They have become victims of murder, kidnapping, security prosecutions, trials, punitive detention, and defamation campaigns. 6 The trend of restricting the freedom of NGOs with legislations that are going against the movement of history is on the rise. The Arab governments have not realized that they should answer a question related to how consistent are their negative measures against human rights activists and others under the claim of protecting the national state and satisfying the security and development requirements. These governments did not spend enough time to consider how those measures respond to their actual requirements related to alignment between cessation of the wicked foreign interventions and the solidarity of the internal front which cannot be realized except through securing the rights of citizenship, equality, indiscrimination, justice, equity, and developing the feeling of dignity. Using the pretext of fear of terrorism loses its significance when restrictions are imposed on the civil society, on top of which come the human rights groups. A healthy civil society should only support human rights. Only then the civil society can become the most vital factor in raising civil awareness, as well as curbing and eradicating terrorism. In the absence of a healthy civil society, anti - terrorism measures shall move in a vicious circle and all parties shall fail to fulfill common objectives and would finally lead to a total fiasco. The authors of the report noted that the problem facing „human rights advocates „, in particular, does not relate to the availability of sources, or difficult access to information . The problem lies in the abundance of information combined with the need to understand and demystify their ambiguous contradiction. The issue is escalating in view of the current state of political polarization, growing social tension, and entrenching in the tunnel of old stands. As a result, there will be no room for logic or facts; impressions shall prevail. Hence, we have to give credit to great intellectual Mr. Mohsen Awad, and our colleagues, members of the team that prepared the report and exerted strenuous efforts to complete the 30th edition of the 7 annual report. We also extend our thanks to a large number of fighters, especially our colleagues ,members of the Board of Trustees, heads and staff of the branches and affiliate organizations, members and staff of other organizations for their precious contributions in reviewing and editing information and providing the documentation requirements. It is needless to say that this report does not contain all information available in documentation archives of the Arab Organization for Human Rights (AOHR), but it only contains examples that prove the validity of the analysis of the scene and specify its characteristics and challenges. In addition to the objective of the annual report, namely to acquaint and draw the attention of the decision- makers, legislators, researchers and experts to the key issues, impediments and priorities, the AOHR aspires that this report shall be a value-added to the Arab publications concerned with public affairs. Hopefully, this report, together with previous annual reports, shall represent a reference to document and historically track of the social and legal transformations in the Arab world from a human rights perspective. Mr.Alaa Shalaby Secretary General 8 Editor’s Introduction This is the 30th edition of the annual report issued by the AOHR ever since 1987. It symbolizes the institutional nature of the AOHR administered by officials, professionals, researchers and activists. It also stands for the knowledge accumulation provided by the frequency of issuance of those reports, accompanied by rich studies and serious assessment discussions.
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