Спољна Политика Цара Јована Iii Ватаца the Foreign Policy of Emperor John Iii Vatatzes

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Спољна Политика Цара Јована Iii Ватаца the Foreign Policy of Emperor John Iii Vatatzes УНИВЕРЗИТЕТ У НОВОМ САДУ ФИЛОЗОФСКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ ОДСЕК ЗА ИСТОРИЈУ МАСТЕР ИСТОРИЈА ЗАВРШНИ РАД СПОЉНА ПОЛИТИКА ЦАРА ЈОВАНА III ВАТАЦА THE FOREIGN POLICY OF EMPEROR JOHN III VATATZES Студент/студенткиња Ментор/Менторка ЈОВАН НИКОЛИЋ ДР БОРИС СТOЈКОВСКИ Нови Сад, 2018. УНИВЕРЗИТЕТ У НОВОМ САДУ ФИЛОЗОФСКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ ОДСЕК ЗА ИСТОРИЈУ МАСТЕР ИСТОРИЈА ЈОВАН НИКОЛИЋ ЗАВРШНИ РАД СПОЉНА ПОЛИТИКА ЦАРА ЈОВАНA III ВАТАЦА THE FOREIGN POLICY OF EMPEROR JOHN III VATATZES Овај рад не садржи облике присвајања или злоупотребе радова других аутора. Овај рад не сме да буде предмет незаконитог присвајања или злоупотребе од стране других аутора. This thesis does not contain any form of illegal appropriation or abuse of other authors' works. This thesis must not be an object of illegal appropriation or abuse by other authors. Нови Сад, 2018. Потпис студента/студенткиње Сажетак Период Никејског царства представља један од најзанимљивијих периода византијске историје. Владавину Јована Ватаца, највећег никејског цара, обележила је велика спољнополитичка и војна активност, како Никеје тако и њених суседа. Ова велика дипломатска активност даје широко подручје за истраживање које је при том веома добро документовано будући да су се у периоду владавине Јована III Ватаца (1221-1254) одиграли значајни догађаји: битка на Клокотници, битка код Куседага, инвазија Монгола и неколико крсташких ратова. У овоме се огледа значај теме јер је Јован Ватац био у центру ових дешавања и својом спољном политиком успео је да Никејско царство претвори у најјачу државу у региону и једином способном да поново заузме Цариград. Циљ овог истраживања је да се прикаже у коликој мери је спољна политика Јована Ватаца допринела јачању Никејског царства; у коликој мери је овај цар заслужан за обнову Византије; да прикаже како се мењала спољна политика никејског цара и да одговори да ли је Јован Ватац захваљујући срећи или дипломатској вештини успео да направи једну снажну државу. Кључне речи: Никејско царство; Јован III Ватац; Спољна политика цара Јована III Ватаца Abstract The period of Nicene Empire represents one of the most interesting periods of Byzantium history. The rule of John Vatatzes, the greatest Nicene emperor, was marked by a lot of foreign policy and military activities both of Nicene Empire and its neighbors. This great diplomatic activity gives a wide field of research which is very well documented since, in the period of reign of John III Vatatzes (1221-1254), the most important events had occurred: the battle of Klokotnica, the battle of Kose Dag, the invasion of Mongols and several Crusades. This is why this topic is so important because John Vatatzes was at the centre of all these events and managed, through his foreign policy, to make Nicene Еmpire the strongest state of the region and the only one capable to re-occupy Constantinople. The aim of this research is to show just how much did the foreign policy of John Vatatzes contribute to the strengthening of Nicene Empire, how much this emperor is meritorious for renewal of Byzantium Empire, to show how was Nicene emperor’s policy changing and to answer whether John Vatatzes managed to create a strong state thanks to luck or thanks to his diplomatic skills. Key words: Nicene Empire; John III Vatatzes; The foreign policy of emperor John III Vatatzes Списак скраћеница Извори: Akropolites, The History George Akropolites, The History, translated, introduction and commentary by Ruth Macrides, Oxford: Oxford University press, 2007. Blemmydes, A Partial Account Nikephoros Blemmydes, A Partial Account, Introduction, translation and notes by Joseph A. Munitz, Leuven: Spicilegium Sacrum Lovanien, 1988. Доментијан, Живот Светога Саве и Живот Светога Симеона Радмила Маринковић, прир., Доментијан Живот Светога Саве и Живот Светога Симеона, Београд: Просвета, 1988. Rubruck The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World 1253-55, translated and introduction by William Woodville Rockhill, London: The Hakluyt Socoety, 1900. Теодосије, Житија Димитрије Богдановић, прир., Теодосије Житија, Београд: Просвета, 1988. Литература: Abulafia, Frederick II David Abulafia, Frederick II a Medieval Emperor, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1988. Angelov, Imperial Ideology Dimiter Angelov, Imperial Ideology and Political Thought in Byzantium, 1204-1330, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Божилов, Фамилията на Асеневци Иван Божилов, Фамилията на Асеневци 1186-1460, София: БАН Марин Дринов, 1994. Wolf, The Latin Empire of Constantinople Robert Lee Wolff, „The Latin Empire of Constantinople,” in A History of Crusades, Volume II Тhe Later Crusaders 1189-1311, ed. Kenneth M. Setton, 187-234. Madison- Milwaukee-London: The University of Wisconsin press, 1969. Жаворонков, Никейская империя и запад П. И. Жаворонков, “Никейская империя и запад,” Византийский временник том 36, (1974): 100-121. Жаворонков, Никейская империя и восток П. И. Жаворонков, “Никейская империя и восток,” Византийский временник том 39, (1987): 93-101. Златарски, История на Българската държава том 3 Златарски Васил, История на Българската държава през средните векове том 3, София: Св. Климент Охридски, 2007. ИСН I Група аутора, Историја српског народа књига 1 Од најстаријих времена до Маричке битке(1371), 2. издање, Београд: Српска књижевна задруга, 1994. Коматина, Црква и држава у српским земљама Ивана Коматина, Црква и држава у српским земљама од XI до XIII века, уред. Срђан Рудић, Београд: Историјски институт, 2016. Кодер, Византијски свет Јоханес Кодер, Византијски свет, превео Влада Станковић, Београд: Утопија, 2011. Cahen, The Formation of Turkey Claude Cahen, The Formation of Turkey. The Seljukid Sultanate of Rūm-Eleventh to Fourteenth Century, translated and edited by P.M. Holt, Kirtlington, 2000. Longnon, The Frankish State in Greece Jean Longnon, „The Frankish States in Greece 1204-1311,” in A History of Crusades, Volume II Тhe Later Crusaders 1189-1311, ed. Kenneth M. Setton, 235-276. Madison- Milwaukee-London: The University of Wisconsin press, 1969. Nicol, Byzantium and Venice Donald M. Nicol, Byzantium and Venice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Norič, Vizantija opadanje i propast Džon Džulijus Norič, Vizantija opadanje i propast, Beograd: Evro-Giunti, 2010. Острогорски, Историја Византије Георгије Острогорски, Историја Византије, Београд: Просвета, 1959. Obolensky, Byzantium and Slavs Dimitri Obolensky, Byzantium and Slavs, New York: Crestwood, 1994. Obolensky, The Byzantine Commonwealth Dimitri Obolensky, The Byzantine Commonwealth, New York-Washington: Praeger Publishers, 1971. Polemis, The Doukai Demetrios I.Polemis, The Doukai, London: The Athlone Press, 1968. Runciman, Byzantine Civilisation Steven Runciman, Byzantine Civilisation, London: Methuen, 1961. Runciman, The Byzantine Theocracy Steven Runciman, The Byzantine Theocracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. Рокаи, Историја Мађара Петар Рокаи, Золтан Ђере, Тибор Пал, Александар Касаш, Историја Мађара, Београд: Clio, 2002. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant (Vol.1) Kenneth M. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571 (Vol.1) The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, Philadelphia: Independence Square, 1969. Успенски, Историја Фјодор Успенски, Историја византијског царства од 11. до 15. века, Београд: Zepter Book World, 2000. Ферјанчић, Деспоти Б. Ферјанчић, Деспоти у Византији и јужнословенским земљама, Београд: САНУ, 1960. Ферјанчић, Тесалија Б. Ферјанчић, Тесалија у XIII и XIV веку. Београд, 1974. Harris, Byzantium and the Crusades Jonathan Harris, Byzantium and the Crusades, London-New Delhi: Bloomsbury, 2014. Садржај: Увод ................................................................................................................................ 1 Од пада Цариграда до Јована III Ватаца .................................................................... 9 1. Јован III Дука Ватац (1221-1254) ........................................................................... 13 1.1 Порекло цара Јована Ватаца .............................................................................. 13 1.2 Ступање на власт и дипломатска активност пре Јована Ватаца ................ 14 1.3 Значај епохе ........................................................................................................... 18 2. Унутрашња политика Јована III Ватаца ............................................................... 21 3. Региони и њихов значај за Никејско царство ....................................................... 28 3.1 Значај Мале Азије .................................................................................................. 28 3.2 Значај Балкана ....................................................................................................... 29 3.3 Значај Цариграда .................................................................................................. 30 3.4 Значај острва у Егејском мору ............................................................................ 32 4. Први период владавине од 1221. године до 1230. године ................................... 34 4.1 Стварање Солунског царства ............................................................................. 35 4.2 Стање у Латинском царству .............................................................................. 37 4.3 Клокотничка битка .............................................................................................. 40 4.4 Дипломатска активност ..................................................................................... 42 5. Други период владавине Јована
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