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Geologic Map of the Picacho Mountains and Picacho Peak, Pinal Connty, Southern Arizona By

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Geologic Map of the Picacho Mountains and Picacho Peak, Pinal Connty, Southern Arizona By Geologic map of the Picacho Mountains and Picacho Peak, Pinal Connty, Southern Arizona by Stephen M. Richard, Jon E. Spencer, Charles A. Ferguson, and P. A. Pearthree Arizona Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-18 September, 1999 Scale 1 :24,000 (2 sheets), with 43 pages text Jointly funded by the Arizona Geological Survey and the U. S. Geological Survey under STATEMAP Program Contracts #98HQAG2064. Arizona Geological Survey 416 W. Congress St., #100, Tucson, Arizona 85701 This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Arizona Geo­ logical Survey standards TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 3 GEOLOGY OF VOLCANIC ROCKS OF PICACHO PEAK......................................................................... 4 STRATIGRAPHy ................................................................................................................................................... 4 REGIONAL CORRELATIONS AND TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF FACIES ASSOCIATIONS .......................................... 6 STRUCTURE OF THE PICACHO PEAK AREA .......................................................................................................... 7 POTASSIUM METASOMATISM .............................................................................................................................. 8 GEOCHRONOLOGY OF VOLCANIC ROCKS ........................................................................................................... 8 GEOLOGY OF CRYTALLINE ROCKS OF THE PICACHO MOUNTAINS ............................................. 9 FABRIC IN GNEISSIC GRANITOIDS OF THE PICACHO MOUNTAINS ........................................................................ 9 GEOCHRONOLOGY OF CRYSTALLINE ROCKS .................................................................................................... 10 NOMENCLATURE FOR CRYSTALLINE ROCKS .................................................................................................... 12 OTHER NOMENCLATURE USED FOR ROCKS IN THE PICACHO MOUNTAINS OUTSIDE THE MAP AREA .................. 13 PICACHO DETACHMENT FAULT ............................................................................................................... 14 DETACHMENT FAULTING AND ALTERATION ..................................................................................................... 15 MINERAL DEPOSITS ...................................................................................................................................... 16 PICACHO PEAK AREA ........................................................................................................................................ 17 PICACHO MOUNTAINS ...................................................................................................................................... 18 DESCRIPTION OF ROCK UNITS .................................................................................................................. 20 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................... 33 FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................................ 35 TABLES .............................................................................................................................................................. 42 2 INTRODUCTION The Picacho Mountains are north-south trending mountain range that is completely surrounded by Quaternary alluvium, and consists of Tertiary and older granitic and gneissic rocks (Figure 1). Picacho Peak, located south of the south end of the range, is also surrounded by alluvium, and consists of Tertiary andesitic volcanic rocks. Picacho Peak and the Picacho Mountains are separated by a gap of shallowly bur­ ied bedrock through which pass Interstate 10, the Southern Pacific Railroad, and the Central Arizona Proj­ ect canal. The Picacho Mountains consists of a compositionally diverse suite of Tertiary, Cretaceous or Proterozoic granitoids, heterogeneous to gneissic granite, muscovite granite, schist, and gneiss, much of which has been affected by middle Tertiary mylonitic deformation and probably by late Cretaceous syn­ plutonic deformation [Rehrig, 1986]. Mylonitization is inferred to have accompanied normal faulting and ascent of the bedrock from mid-crustal depths in the footwall of a moderate to low-angle normal fault commonly known as a "detachment fault". Older gneissic fabrics may record Laramide mid-crustal defor­ mation, or relict Proterozoic fabric. The crystalline rocks of the Picacho Mountains are part of the footwall of a south- to southwest-dipping detachment fault that is exposed in only one small area in the southern Pi­ cacho Mountains. Picacho Peak, which consists almost entirely of northeast-dipping basaltic and andesite volcanic rocks, is part of the hanging wall of the detachment fault. The association of a mylonitic footwall, a large displacement normal fault, and a tilted hanging wall, are typical of features referred to as "metamorphic core complexes" [e.g. Rehrig and Reynolds, 1980]. The ba­ sic interpretation of these complexes is that large displacement across the normal fault (detachment fault) resulted in uplift and exhumation of mid-crustal rocks and tilting of rocks overlying the detachment fault. Rocks from much different levels in the crust are juxtaposed by this faulting. Mylonitic fabrics are inferred to have been produced where the normal fault originally extended down dip into a ductile (or plastic) shear zone. Identification of these features in the Picacho Mountains and classification of the range as a metamor­ phic core complex [Davis, 1980; Banks, 1980; Rehrig and Reynolds, 1980; Rehrig, 1982] is supported by this study. The southern Picacho Mountains had been mapped previously by Yeend [1976] and the northern Pi­ cacho Mountains by Johnson [1981a, b], but the area mapped by Yeend was mapped in considerably less detail. Picacho Peak had been mapped by Briscoe [1967]. The southern Picacho Mountains and Picacho Peak were both mapped in detail for this study, largely because we expected to be able to make significant improvements in the detail of mapping. In addition, unlike earlier investigators, we now have the benefit of understanding the basic processes of metamorphic core complex genesis [Wernicke, 1981; Spencer, 1984; 3 outcrop of granite within a small, probably Laramide, diorite body (Clemans Tank Diorite, see below) that intrudes Ruin(?) granite. Correct location: 32° 51.95' N., 111 ° 20.12' W. Picacho Reservoir SE 7 liz' quadrangle. Shafiqullah et al. [1980] report an additional date (UAKA 73-64, biotite, 24.35 ±0.73 Ma) from a "small pluton and associated northerly trending dikes [that] intrude the Precambrian basement". This sam­ ple was not plotted by Johnson [1981a, b]. Using the latitude and longitude given by Shafiqullah, the sam­ ple locality for this date was plotted on Johnson's map and falls in Quaternary alluvium directly adjacent to a dirt road and to an elongate, north-trending outcrop belt of Johnson's map unit "Fine grained intermediate igneous rocks" of map unit "F". This sample is #660 of Reynolds et al. [1986]. Another date reported by Reynolds et a!. [1986] (#1159, biotite, 64.7 ±2.3 Ma), attributed to "Re­ hrig, W.A., written communication, 1986" and included by Reynolds et al. [1986] with the Picacho Moun­ tains dates, plots in Quaternary alluvium adjacent to a small bedrock hill that is an outlier of the 96 Hills east of Arizona State Highway 79. This sample and date should not be included with the Picacho Moun­ tains. The four K-Ar dates reported from the Picacho Mountains indicate that granitic rocks are of both Laramide and middle Tertiary age. The 23.57 ±0.5 Ma biotite K-Ar date from the gneissic granitoids in the central Picacho Mountains is from a map unit that is variably affected by mylonitic deformation of middle Tertiary age, and so it is uncertain if this date reflects the age of the rock or cooling during tectonic exhu­ mation that occurred millions of years after emplacement of the gneissic granitoids. This date is the only one of the four from the Picacho Mountains that is from the map area of this report. Nomenclature for Crystalline Rocks The names Picacho Mountains Granite, Newman Peak Leucogranite, Barnett Well Granite, and Picacho Reservoir Hornblende Granitoid are proposed here as formal names for the major granitoid units that form the bulk of the southern and central Picacho Mountains. Names are also proposed for two small igneous bodies in the northern part of the range. The distribution of the named units and the location of type locali­ ties are shown on Figure 6. The names Picacho Mountains Granite and Newman Peak granite have both been applied to the same rock sample in existing literature on the Picacho Mountains (see above). A variety of conflicting names have been applied to specific rock samples collected for age dates [Shafiqullah et a!., 1980; Reynolds, 1986; Damon et a!., 1996], in the context of geologic mapping by Johnson [1981a, b] in the northern Picacho Mountains, and reconnaissance mapping by Yeend [1976] in the southern Picacho Mountains. Completion of 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping in the southern Picacho Mountains provides a basis for proposing formal
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