Cambridge Studies Religion
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hartney & noble hartney Learning * student cd included * Cambridge Studies of Religion is an exciting new educational resource written specifically for the most recent New South Wales Stage 6 Religion Syllabus. Clear, concise, student-friendly language delivers the content in a way Cambridge designed to cater for all levels of student ability and learning styles. Cambridge Studies of Religion provides teachers with fl exibility in structuring courses to meet the needs of their students and in achieving course outcomes. key features include: a wide range of pictorial and written sources an attractive full colour presentation Studies a student CD-Rom, which includes a PDF of the book a teacher and student website Cambridge a wide variety of activities that develop a broad range of skills and consolidate knowledge of interesting quotes and commentary Studies Religion stage extension questions. of 6 contributing editor Religion A separate Teacher CD-ROM is available, christopher hartney jonathan noble which includes additional signifi cant people and ideas, worksheets and solutions. also in this series: Cambridge Studies of Religion Teacher CD-ROM stage 978-0-521-71254-5 6 Cambridge Studies of Religion stage 6 christopher hartney jonatcontributinghan noble editor cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia www.cambridge.edu.au Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521712538 © Christopher Hartney 2008 First published 2008 Designed and typeset by Traffi c Design Studios Illustrations by Ophelia Leviny and Boris Silvestri Printed in China by Printplus Limited National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Publication data Hartney, Christopher. Cambridge studies of religion : stage 6 / authors , Christopher Hartney, Jon Noble. Cambridge ; Port Melbourne : Cambridge University Press, 2008 9780521712538 (pbk + CD-ROM or DVD-ROM) Includes index. For secondary school age. Religion--Textbooks. Noble, Jonathan, 1952- Studies of religion 200 ISBN 978-0-521-71253-8 Reproduction and Communication for educational purposes The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of the pages of this publication, whichever is the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or the body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions contact: Copyright Agency Limited Level 15, 233 Castlereagh Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 9394 7600 Facsimile: (02) 9394 7601 Email: [email protected] Reproduction and Communication for other purposes Except as permitted under the Act (for example a fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review) no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission. All inquiries should be made to the publisher at the address above. Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLS for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Student CD-ROM licence Please see the file 'licence.txt' on the Student CD-ROM that is packed with this book. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are respectfully advised that references to deceased people are made in this book and may cause distress. introduction iii Introduction Studies of Religion can be a dangerous subject. A brief examination As you study religion, you may be inspired to look more of the history of our world shows that, while great art, music and deeply at those aspects that interest you most. As well as the architecture have been inspired by religion, it has also been the challenging and insightful text in Cambridge Studies of Religion, inspiration for great violence and destruction. The early conquest there are opportunities for you, and your teachers, to investigate by Islam, the Crusades, the Inquisition, the attack on the United and research further. A variety of opinions are given and you States on 11 September 2001, even the genocide of entire racial are guided to research alternative perspectives within each groups, have all been done in the name of a god or religion. religious tradition. This means you can extend your study as far The study of religion is important for students in this as you wish and explore those areas that most appeal to you. To multicultural and multi-religious nation. Some understanding of ensure you cover the necessary parts of the syllabus, the text the issues of religious beliefs and lives can help in avoiding the includes a range of exercises and examination-style questions extremes and mistakes of the past. for you to complete. Answers and guidance in answering the Cambridge Studies of Religion provides a comprehensive questions are provided in the support material. coverage of the New South Wales preliminary and HSC Studies Cambridge Studies of Religion draws upon the expertise of Religion syllabus. It also provides the opportunity to explore of writers who combine academic achievement and practical some of those religious issues that have inspired such greatness, teaching expertise. Dr Chris Hartney lectures in Religion at and such grief, in the world. Sydney University and is a well known scholar and presenter. Its easy-to-read text will ensure that you are well prepared for Reverend Jon Noble is an experienced teacher of Studies of the HSC year by providing a complete text for the preliminary year, Religion, currently at MLC, and is President of the Association which is an essential basis to the HSC course. An understanding of for Studies of Religion. the origins, beliefs, texts, ethics and practices of several religions is This text provides a clear and comprehensive knowledge developed further in the Year 12 course, with greater emphasis on of Studies of Religion and will assist you in your study of this particular religious people, ethical areas and practices. Cambridge fascinating, complex subject. Welcome to the world of Studies Studies of Religion covers a range of material so that you are ready of Religion! for the HSC examination, and also gives you the opportunity to develop a greater understanding of religion in other areas of life. Cambridge Studies of Religion is presented in a format that is easy to use. It is written in a style that is easy to follow and includes glossary defi nitions of many terms. It is visually attractive, printed in colour and fully illustrated, and makes use of the latest statistics and information. The book comes with a CD-ROM which includes a full copy of the text, so you don’t need to carry around a heavy textbook. Support is also given through a dedicated website provided by Cambridge University Press, as well as a Teacher CD-ROM containing additional material that your teachers will make available to you, including coverage of sections not available in the textbook due to space restrictions. iv cambridge studies of religion Contents introduction iii about the authors viii acknowledgements ix chapter 1 The nature of religion [Preliminary 1 and 2 Unit (16 hours)] 11 The nature of religion and beliefs 17 Australian Aboriginal beliefs and spiritualities – the Dreaming 24 chapter 2 Religion in Australia pre-1945 [Preliminary 2 Unit (16 hours)] 31 Arrival of Christianity 33 Arrival and establishment of other religious traditions 37 Issues related to the development of Christianity pre-1945 41 The contribution of one religious tradition 44 Conclusion 49 chapter 3 The religious landscape in Australia post-1945 [HSC 1 and 2 Unit (16 hours)] 53 The diversity of contemporary Aboriginal spiritualities 57 Religious expression in Australia – 1945 to the present 63 chapter 4 Buddhism: The basic facts [Preliminary 1 and 2 Unit (22 hours)] 75 Religion tradition study Historical and cultural context 78 The Buddha 79 Formation of the sangha 82 The main schools of Buddhism 84 Principal beliefs 87 Sacred texts and writings 91 Core ethical teachings 93 Personal devotion in the home 94 chapter 5 Buddhism depth study [HSC 1 and 2 Unit (22 hours)] 99 Signifi cant people and schools of thought 101 Ethics 111 Signifi cant practices in the lives of adherents 115 contents v chapter 6 Christianity: The basic facts [Preliminary 1 and 2 Unit (22 hours)] 119 Religion tradition study Historical and cultural content 121 Jesus Christ/Jesus of Nazareth 123 Development of early Christian communities 127 Principal beliefs 130 Sacred texts and writings 133 Core ethical teachings 134 Personal devotion 136 chapter 7 Christianity depth study [HSC 1 and 2 Unit (22 hours)] 141 Signifi cant people and schools of thought 144 Ethics 152 Signifi cant practices in the lives of adherents 158 chapter 8 Hinduism: The basic facts [Preliminary 1 and 2 Unit (22 hours)] 163 Religion tradition study The two main variants in Hinduism 168 Principal beliefs 171 Sacred texts and writings 174 Core ethical teachings 177 Personal devotion in the home: puja 179 chapter 9 Hinduism depth study [HSC 1 and 2 Unit (22 hours)] 183 Signifi cant people and schools of thought 186 Ethics 191 Signifi cant practices in the lives of adherents: Pilgrimage 195 chapter 10 Islam: The