Wind Farm Site Lies Within Countryside Character Area 87 – East Anglian Chalk
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Extracts - Existing Landscape significant adverse or detrimental impact upon the existing landscape resource and visual environment. As part of establishing the existing baseline environment, the assessment, therefore, reviewed a range of relevant landscape policy designations at a national, regional and local level from a number of local planning authorities. The key planning policy documents that apply are: Regional Plans and Guidance • East of England Plan 2001-2021 • East of England Regional Assembly “Placing Renewables in the East of England”, Final Report Local Plans/ Local Development Frameworks (LDF’s) • South Cambridgeshire LDF • Uttlesford Local Plan and SPD on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy There is only one area of local landscape designation within a 10km radius of the site, which is a Special Landscape Area within the Braintree District, as illustrated on Figure 7.1 and this is considered within the assessment. This designation is expected to be removed on adoption of the emerging LDF. The areas of local landscape designation generally cover areas of attractive or mature landscapes which are valued for either landscape and/or visual amenity reasons. 7.5 The Existing Landscape Environment 7.5.1 Introduction The former Countryside Agency and English Nature, with support from English Heritage, produced the Character of England map in 1996. This combines English Nature’s Natural Areas and the Countryside Agency’s Countryside Character Areas into a composite map of Joint Character Areas. The map and supporting descriptions provide the top tier of the hierarchy of Landscape Character Assessment in England and a national context for regional and local landscape and ecological assessments. Figure 7.2 shows national character areas identified within the study area. County-level landscape character assessments have been undertaken by Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire and Essex county councils and their landscape character area are shown also on Figure 7.2. Local-level landscape character assessments have also been carried out by East Hertfordshire DC, North Hertfordshire DC, Uttlesford DC and Braintree DC. Local landscape character areas within a 5km radius of the site are illustrated on Figure 7.2. 7.5.2 Countryside Character Map of England The Site The proposed Linton Wind Farm site lies within Countryside Character Area 87 – East Anglian Chalk. An appraisal of the site and its environs confirms that the elements of the character area description are apparent. The character area is described in Countryside Character, Volume 6 – East of England published by the LINTON WIND FARM Section 7: Landscape and Visual Character Page 117 of 290 Environmental Statement: Rev 0 Countryside Agency. A brief summary and key characteristics of this area is presented in Appendix E2, and their distance from the site and sensitivity to wind development, recorded in Table 7.1. Surrounding Areas The study area encompasses three further character areas: the South Suffolk and North Essex Clayland (character area 86), Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire Claylands (Character Area 88), and The Fens (Character Area 46). A summary of Character Areas 86 and 88 can be found in Appendix E2. Character Area 46 has not been reviewed due to the small area of coverage within the study area and distance from the site. Basis for Sensitivity Assessments The sensitivity assessments are drawn from the EERA document: “Placing Renewables in the East of England”. This is a region-wide study, covering all aspects of renewable energy generation, including on-shore wind. The study uses a constraint-mapping approach similar to that used by wind developers in searching for sites, to identify areas that may be suitable or on-shore wind development. It also includes an assessment of the sensitivity and capacity of the national Joint Character Areas (JCAs) within the region to accommodate wind development. The document is clear that the constraints maps should not be used to either support or reject individual proposals, and these are not referred to. However, the assessments of sensitivity are very relevant to this LVIA and are used as the basis for the assessments of sensitivity of the JCAs in Table 7.1. This document also recommends a “maximum wind farm typology” for each character area based on size bands (small 2-3; medium 4-12; large 13-24; very large 25 or more). A typology of medium, or 4-12 turbines, is indicated for the East Anglian Chalk. 7.5.3 County Character Assessment In addition to and contributing a greater level of detail to national scale landscape character assessments, many county councils have undertaken landscape character assessments of their administrative area. The majority of the Linton Wind Farm site is located within the county of Cambridgeshire which has produced a landscape character assessment as part of its Landscape Guidelines. The southern tip of the site lies within the county of Essex which also has produced an assessment of the landscape character of the county. Of those county administrative areas lying beyond the site within the study, Hertfordshire County Council has produced a landscape character assessment as part of its Landscape Strategy. There is no landscape character information currently available for the county of Suffolk, covering the eastern portion of the study area. The landscape character assessments produced by the counties within the study area described above are presented in Appendix E3 and illustrated on Figure 7.2 where relevant to the assessment. For character areas which lie within 10km of the site, the distance from the site and sensitivity to the change, for each area is recorded in Table 7.1. Areas more than 10km from the site will not experience significant effects and are not considered further within this assessment. LINTON WIND FARM Section 7: Landscape and Visual Character Page 118 of 290 Environmental Statement: Rev 0 7.5.4 Local Character Assessments Local landscape character assessment studies within a 5km radius of the site have been considered for the purposes of the assessment. An assessment of local landscape character has been undertaken within Uttlesford District. The extent of the local character areas lying within a 5km radius of the site is shown on Figure 7.2 and the details of these character areas are presented in Appendix E4. Elsewhere within a 5km radius of the site, there were no local landscape character area descriptions available for South Cambridgeshire District at the time of writing this assessment. 7.5.5 The Site The site comprises a slightly elevated, sloping farmland landscape characterised by an open field pattern, which rises from approximately 50m AOD in the north of the site to approximately 100m AOD in the south of the site. The site lies 0.5km to the west of Linton village, 0.5km to the southeast of Hildersham and 1.5km west of the village of Hadstock. A temporary meteorological mast occupies elevated ground in close proximity to the western site boundary. The line of a dismantled railway extends through the northern portion of the site, running in parallel with the A1307 and the northern site boundary. A series of pylons extends across the northeast corner of the site. The site can be described as consisting of landscape features that are common across the East Anglian Chalk area including large scale undulating arable fields with distinctive hilltop woodland clumps lying adjacent to the more elevated areas of the site. The fields within the site are divided by a variety of boundary treatments including, medium-tall clipped hedgerows, hedge trees, hedge banks and ditches. There are no landscape designations applying to the site. Whilst the site comprises largely intact arable farmland, the condition of a number of hedgerows within the site is deteriorating, with some hedgerows appearing outgrown and gappy in places and a number of adjacent fields lying unbounded and open to one another in parts. Some of the hedgerow trees are becoming stag-headed. The pylons in the northeast corner of the site also form detracting influences on the rural character of the site. Although the site occupies slightly elevated land with an open field pattern, the southern, more elevated portion of the site is enclosed in part by adjacent woodland blocks. The presence of the pylons, the proximity of the urban edge of Linton and the busy A1307 road corridor reduce the site’s overall sensitivity to the development to Medium-Low. 7.5.6 The Surrounding Study Area The 25km radius study area extends to the west of Royston, to the north of Newmarket and Cambridge, beyond Haverhill to the east and towards the northern edge of Bishop Stortford to the south. The study area encompasses a number of significant transport corridors including the M11, A14, A10, A1307, A1303, A1301, A505, A428 and A1017, as well as a main line railway extending south from Cambridge. LINTON WIND FARM Section 7: Landscape and Visual Character Page 119 of 290 Environmental Statement: Rev 0 A significant portion of the study area to the south and east of the site comprises an undulating, dissected plateau landscape, rising up to 130m AOD. It has a strongly wooded appearance and is characterised by scattered small settlements, isolated farmsteads and a winding road pattern away from major routes. To the north and west of the site, topographic undulations become less pronounced and give way to a series of broad, low-lying open areas where long straight roads and major transport routes dominate. Woodland blocks remain a feature of this more open landscape, but they appear more scattered and, as a consequence, tend to form more distinct features on more elevated slopes and hilltops. The quality and sensitivity of the landscape of the area surrounding the site are addressed through the landscape character areas and designated landscapes and are summarised in Table 7.1.