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Crimes of the House of Austria Against Mankind
M llii : III ffillH J—I— "IHiI li II M iHH J> > y 'tc. * - o N «*' ^ * V VV '% «. 3, .<"& %& : C E I U E S OF THE HOUSE OF AUSTRIA AGAINST MANKIND. PROVED BY EXTRACTS FROM THE HISTORIES OF C02E, SCHILLER, ROBERTSON, GRATTAN, AND SISMONDI, "WITH MRS. M. L. PUTNAM^ HISTORY OF THE CONSTITUTION OF HUNGARY, AND ITS RELATIONS WITH AUSTRIA, PUBLISHED IN MAY, 1850. EDITED BY E. Pi "PEABODY. JSWDItDr jBMtiOK- NEW-YORK: G. P. PUTNAM, 10 PARK PLACE 1852. JEM* Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1852, By rodolphe garrique, In the Cleric's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of Ne\v»Yoi'k. PREFACE SECOND EDITION. This work was first published for the benefit of the Hun- garian Fund, on the understanding (which proved a misun- derstanding), of a certain autograph acknowledgment which failed to arrive at the time expected. Those who had the care of the publication consequently took the liberty, without the leave or knowledge of the Edi- tor, who was absent, to mutilate the correspondence that formed the Preface, making it irrelevant within itself, and insignificant altogether. The Preface is therefore wholly left out in this edition, and an Analytic Index is prefixed; and the stereotypes have passed into the hands of the pre- sent publisher, who republishes it, confident that these im- portant passages of unquestionable history will benefit the Hungarian cause, by showing its necessity and justice, al- though it is impossible to benefit the Hungarian Fund by the proceeds of the work. -
German Historical Institute London Bulletin Vol 33 (2011), No. 1
German Historical Institute London Bulletin Volume XXXIII, No. 1 May 2011 CONTENTS Articles Towards The Limits to Growth? The Book and its Reception in West Germany and Britain 1972–73 (Elke Seefried) 3 In Subsidium: The Declining Contribution of Germany and East- ern Europe to the Crusades to the Holy Land, 1221–91 (Nicholas Morton) 38 Review Article Normality, Utopia, Memory, and Beyond: Reassembling East German Society (Thomas Lindenberger) 67 Response to Thomas Lindenberger (Mary Fulbrook) 92 Book Reviews Jennifer R. Davis and Michael McCormick (eds.), The Long Morning of Medieval Europe: New Directions in Early Medi- eval Studies (Dominik Waßenhoven) 99 Das Lehnswesen im Hochmittelalter: Forschungskonstrukte— Quellen befunde—Deutungsrelevanz, ed. Jürgen Dendorfer and Roman Deut in ger (Thomas N. Bisson) 104 Jochen Burgtorf, The Central Convent of Hospitallers and Tem- plars: History, Organization, and Personnel (1099/1120–1310) (Karl Borchardt) 113 (cont.) Contents Oliver Auge, Handlungsspielräume fürstlicher Politik im Mittel- alter: Der südliche Ostseeraum von der Mitte des 12. Jahrhun- derts bis in die frühe Re formationszeit (Jonathan R. Lyon) 119 Dominik Haffer, Europa in den Augen Bismarcks: Bismarcks Vor stellungen von der Politik der europäischen Mächte und vom europäischen Staatensystem (Frank Lorenz Müller) 124 James Retallack (ed.), Imperial Germany 1871–1918 (Ewald Frie) 128 Dierk Hoffmann, Otto Grotewohl (1894–1964): Eine politische Bio gra phie (Norman LaPorte) 132 Jane Caplan and Nikolaus Wachsmann (eds.), Con cen -
Introduction
Cambridge University Press 0521819458 - Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire Simon Maclean Excerpt More information Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION the end of the carolingian empire in modern historiography The dregs of the Carlovingian race no longer exhibited any symptoms of virtue or power, and the ridiculous epithets of the Bald, the Stammerer, the Fat, and the Simple, distinguished the tame and uniform features of a crowd of kings alike deserving of oblivion. By the failure of the collateral branches, the whole inheritance devolved to Charles the Fat, the last emperor of his family: his insanity authorised the desertion of Germany, Italy, and France...Thegovernors,the bishops and the lords usurped the fragments of the falling empire.1 This was how, in the late eighteenth century, the great Enlightenment historianEdward Gibbonpassed verdict onthe endof the Carolingian empire almost exactly 900 years earlier. To twenty-first-century eyes, the terms of this assessment may seem jarring. Gibbon’s emphasis on the im- portance of virtue and his ideas about who or what was a deserving subject of historical study very much reflect the values of his age, the expectations of his audience and the intentions of his work.2 However, if the timbre of his analysis now feels dated, its constituent elements have nonetheless survived into modern historiography. The conventional narrative of the end of the empire in the year 888 is still a story about the emergence of recognisable medieval kingdoms which would become modern nations – France, Germany and Italy; about the personal inadequacies of late ninth- century kings as rulers; and about their powerlessness in the face of an increasingly independent, acquisitive and assertive aristocracy. -
Origins of a New Economic Union (7Th-12Th Centuries)
25 Biblioteca di The nEU-Med project is part of the Horizon 2020 programme, in the ERC Advanced project category. It began in October 2015 and will be UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI SIENA Origins of a new economic union concluded in October 2020. The University of Siena is the host institution of the project. th th The project is focussed upon two Tuscan riverine corridors leading from (7 -12 centuries) the Gulf of Follonica in the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Colline Metallifere. It aims to document and analyze the form and timeframe of economic growth in this part of the Mediterranean, which took place between the Preliminary results of the nEU-Med project: 7th and the 12thc. Central to this is an understanding of the processes of change in human settlements, in the natural and farming landscapes October 2015-March 2017 in relation to the exploitation of resources, and in the implementation of differing political strategies. This volume brings together the research presented at the first nEU- Med workshop, held in Siena on 11-12 April, 2017. The aim of the edited by Bianchi, Richard Hodges workshop was to draw up an initial survey of research and related work on the project, one and a half years after its inception. The project is Giovanna Bianchi, Richard Hodges composed of several research units. Each unit covers an aspect of the interdisciplinary research underpinning the nEU-Med project, each with their own methodology. For this first volume of results, it was decided not to give an account of all the work carried out within all the units, edited by Giovanna but to select those lines of investigation which, at the end of the first year and a half, have made it possible to articulate and develop an interdisciplinary research strategy. -
International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-3, September 2019 Optimised Environmental Data Acquitisation Technique for Monitoring Air Quality and Crop Plantation for Developing a Smart City Using LoRa Network Twinkle H. Agrawal, Sunil V. Kuntawar respiratory and various sicknesses, which can be damaging. Abstract: Movements in low power and simplicity WHO has assessed nature of air in about 1500 urban estimation and correspondence development have gotten a territories and Indian capital city was the one of the most disturbed remote distinguishing and checking dirtied urban zones the world over. Delhi is having most applications. Starting at now, there are many battling raised gathering of particulate issue which is smaller than 2.5 checks and advances trying to take a hold of WSN, micrometer . Air pollution and nonattendance of air quality especially the zone of remote identifying and watching centers address regular and imaginative troubles for correspondence development. LoRa Network is one of urban networks and circumstances around the world. To stand these progressions getting omnipresence in the utilization up to this issue, industry has focused its undertakings in of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The limit of LoRa finding an adaptable mechanical elective that allows the Network to develop correspondence interfaces over long improvement of the air quality evaluating method and gives detachments with by and large essential centers; irrelevant reference regards in framework goals where customary establishment, low power requirements and use of license watching fails to cover appropriately. Appallingly, existing free ISM gatherings give it a broad edge of its adversaries. -
9781107083028 Index.Pdf
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08302-8 - The Making of Liturgy in the Ottonian Church: Books, Music and Ritual in Mainz, 950–1050 Henry Parkes Index More information INDEX Aachen, 74 , 85 , 142 , 158 , 222 Annales Weissenburgenses , 207 synod of (836), 173 Annales Wirziburgenses , 83 abbesses, consecration of, 209 Anselm of Lucca, 205 abbots, see also bishops, abbacies of antiphoners, 7 , 8 , 115 , 196 liturgical privileges of, 208–9 antiphons, 40 political role of, 112 , 209 ‘O’, 115 , 116 Adalbero, archbishop of Reims, 83 processional, 37 , 120 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 131 Adalbold, bishop of Utrecht, 206 archbishops Adelheid, wife of Otto I, 40 , 82 primacy of, 15 , 142 , 176 , 181 Admonitio synodalis , 110 , 113 , 161 rivalry among, 15 Advent, 194 ‘Ardua spes mundi’ ( versus ), 96 , 99 , 121 , 129 , 197 disputes about date of, 185–6 , 203 , 205 , 207–8 Aribo, archbishop of Mainz, 205 , 206 , 208 , 209 adventus , see ritual Arlt, Wulf, 46 , 47 Æthelwold, bishop of Winchester, benedictional Arnold, abbot of St Alban’s, 194 of, 178 Arnstadt, 80 Afra, saint, 72 , 139 Arsacius, saint, 141 Agapitus II, pope, 15 , 81 Ascension Day, 122 Agnus dei, 37 , 46 , 103 , 116 , 125 , 126 Aschaff enburg, canons of, 80 Alanus de Insulis, 33 Assmann, Jan, 87 Alban, saint, 14 , 26 , 37 , 39 , 72 , 79 , 94 , 96 , 101 , Assumption, feast of, 62 , 67 104 , 107 , 121 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 139 , 143 , 145 , Atkinson, Charles M., 77 , 126 see also Mainz, St Alban’s Augsburg, 123 confusion with English saint of same cathedral of, 72 name, 23 diocese of, 15 , 139 -
A Sketch of Southern Slav History
THE SOUTHERN SLAV LIBRARY-III A SKETCH OF · SOUTHERN SLAV HISTORY LONDON NISBET & CO. LTD~ SERBO-CROAT ORTHOGRAPHY. s = sh in "ship." c = ts in "cats." c = ch in " church." z = j in French "jour." c = ditto (softer). j = y in "your." A SKETCH OF SOUTHERN SLAV HISTORY SOUTHERN Slav, or Jugoslav,* history from the earliest times up to the present day, presents the record of a people who, though stubborn in resistance, are by no means aggressive, and who, notwithstanding the great and exceptional misfortunes that have befallen them, have succeeded in preserving their nation~! individuality, and in asserting themselves as a homogeneous nation full of youth and vitality. In virtue of their geographical position, which makes the Jugoslav lands the most direct link between the East and West-that is to say, between Western, Central, and Southern Europe on the one hand, and the Balkans, the Adriatic, and Asia Minor on the other-these territories have always been the arena of great political rivalries and fierce racial conflicts. Many powerful states, ambitious of conquest, and aspiring towards aggrandizement-Byzantium, Hungary, Turkey, and Venice-have for centuries in turn made countless efforts to break the Jugoslav resistance, which thwarted· their ambitions and desires. Despite apparent temporary success, these efforts have proved virtually fruitless, and have so far failed to bring about the desired result. It is * The Southern Slavs, or Jugoslavs (jug, in Slav, means the south), who include Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, are one and the same people, known under three different names. The territories inhabited by Jugoslavs are the following: the kingdoms of Serbia and Monte negro, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Dalmatia with the Dalmatian Archi pelago, Croatia and Slavonia with Rieka (Fiume) and Medjumurje, the Drave country in Southern Hungary (Baranja) with Ba~ka and the Banat, Istria with its islands and Trieste, the Slovene lands, i.e. -
Matilda of Canossa Has for Some Time Been A
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Medieval History on 30 September 2015, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03044181.2015.1089311 0 Reconsidering Donizone’s Vita Mathildis: Boniface of Canossa and Emperor Henry II Robert Houghton* Department of History, Medecroft Building, King Alfred Campus, Sparkford Road, Winchester, SO22 4NR, United Kingdom (Received 6 March 2014; final version received 5 November 2014) Boniface of Canossa is a figure of great importance to the political and military history of eleventh-century Italy. Modern historiography has almost universally argued that Boniface gained his power through a close relationship and alliance with a series of German emperors. Most accounts see Boniface’s fall and eventual murder in 1052 as a direct consequence of the breakdown of this relationship. This analysis is flawed, however, as it rests predominantly on the evidence of a single source: the Vita Mathildis by Donizone of Canossa. This document was produced more than half a century after the death of Boniface by an author who held complex political goals, but these have not been fully considered in the discussion of Boniface. Through the examination of the charter sources, this article argues that Donizone misrepresented Boniface’s actions and that there is considerable evidence that Boniface was not a consistent ally of the German emperors. Keywords: Italy; diplomatic; authority; power; relationship networks; Donizone of Canossa; Boniface of Canossa; Holy Roman Empire 1 Boniface of Canossa (c.985–1052) was one of the most influential figures in northern and central Italy in the early eleventh century, controlling extensive lands and rights in the counties of Mantua, Reggio, Modena, Parma, Bergamo, Brescia, Verona, Ferarra and Bologna, and in the duchy of Tuscany.1 Canossa itself dominated the important pass between Reggio and Tuscany. -
Elizabeth of Hungary
Elizabeth of Hungary For other Hungarian princesses named Elizabeth, see Elizabeth of Hungary (disambiguation). Elizabeth of Hungary, T.O.S.F.,(German: Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen, Hungarian: Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet, 7 July 1207 – 17 November 1231)[5] was a princess of the Kingdom of Hungary, Landgravine of Thuringia, Germany and a greatly venerated Catholic saint.[6] Elizabeth was married at the age of 14, and wid- owed at 20. After her husband’s death she sent her chil- dren away and regained her dowry, using the money to build a hospital where she herself served the sick. She became a symbol of Christian charity after her death at the age of 24 and was quickly canonized. 1 Early life and marriage Elizabeth was the daughter of King Andrew II of Hun- gary and Gertrude of Merania. Her mother’s sister was St. Hedwig of Andechs, wife of Duke Heinrich I of Silesia.[5] Her ancestry included many notable figures of European royalty, going back as far as Vladimir the Great of Kievan Rus. According to tradition, she was born St. Elizabeth washing a sick in the castle of Sárospatak, Kingdom of Hungary, on 7 a scene from the main altar of St. Elisabeth Cathedral in Košice, July 1207.[7][8][9] According to a different tradition she 15th century was born in Pozsony, Kingdom of Hungary (modern-day Bratislava, Slovakia), where she lived in the Castle of Posonium until the age of four. included spinning wool for the clothing of the poor. In A sermon printed in 1497 by the Franciscan friar Os- 1223, Franciscan friars arrived, and the teenage Eliza- valdus de Lasco, a church official in Hungary, is the beth not only learned about the ideals of Francis of As- first to name Sárospatak as the saint’s birthplace, per- sisi, but started to live them.[12] Louis was not upset by his haps building on local tradition. -
Aaron 136 Abbo, Abbot of Fleury 166 Abbo, Abbot of St. Germain D
INDEX Aaron 136 Airlie, Stuart 96, 121 Abbo, Abbot of Fleury 166 Alberic, Bishop of Como 132–33 Abbo, Abbot of St. Germain Altaich, monastery 20, 22n65 d’Auxerre 51, 72 Alcuin of York 53, 73 Abdinghof, monastery 132 Aldiud, concubine of Conrad of Abraham, Bishop of Freising 49 Burgundy 128n11 Adalbero, brother of Empress Althoff, Gerd 6, 27n79, 69, 71, 102n62, Kunigunde 83–84 124, 155 Adalbero, nephew of Ulrich of Altmann, Count 120 Augsburg 133 ambasciator 15–19, 24, 103 Adalbert, Count 22n65 Ambrose of Milan 135 Adalbert, St. 46–47 amicitia Adalbert of St. Maximin, Trier 145–48 definition of 53 Adalbold of Utrecht 6, 149 intercession as demonstration Adaldag, Archbishop of of 38–40, 43, 157–59 Hamburg-Bremen 134 marriage and 104–6 Adalhard, Abbot of Corbie 87n7 political significance of 7, 57–59, 157 Adalhard, Abbot of St.-Omer 10n26 role of letter-writing in 10–11 Adalhard, Count Palatine 55n37 Andreas, Bishop of Parenzo 95 Adalhard, seneschal of Louis the Annales Hildesheimenses 120 Pious 55, 60, 65, 73, 75 Annales Quedlinburgenses 111 intercession by 71–72, 75, 88, 97, 114 Annals of St. Bertin 59 Adelard of Ghent, 121n104 Anno, Archbishop of Cologne 160, 164 Adelheid, Abbess of Quedlinburg and apocrisarius see archchaplain daughter of Otto II 56, 83, 111, 113 Apostolic Constitutions 140 Adelheid, Countess and mother of archchancellor 71–72, 87, 89–90, 95, Conrad II 114n80 97, 102 Adelheid, Queen of Louis the archchaplain 17–18, 72, 74, 87–91, 97, Stammerer 114 99, 126 Adelheid, Queen and Empress of arengae 15, 24 Otto I 133, 142 -
KINGSHIP and POLITICS in the LATE NINTH CENTURY Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Emp Ire
KINGSHIP AND POLITICS IN THE LATE NINTH CENTURY Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Emp ire SIMON MACLEAN publ ished by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge cb2 1rp, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, cb2 2ru,UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011–4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Simon MacLean 2003 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2003 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typ eface Bembo 11/12 pt. System LATEX 2ε [tb] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data MacLean, Simon. Kingship and policy in the late ninth century : Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire / Simon MacLean. p. cm. – (Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought ; 4th ser., 57) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-521-81945-8 1. Charles, le Gros, Emperor, 839–888. 2. France – Kings and rulers – Biography. 3. France – History – To 987. 4. Holy Roman Empire – History – 843–1273. I. Title. II. Series. DC77.8M33 2003 944.014092 –dc21 2003043471 isbn -
Diocese of Graz-Seckau
Regional Strategies Development including Regional Church Route Description PP7 – Diocese of Graz-Seckau 1 Content 1 Regional context .................................................................................... 4 1.1 Strengths ................................................................................................................ 5 1.1.1 Socio-economics contexts and entrepreneurship ....................................................... 5 1.1.2 Routes and location ................................................................................................... 6 1.1.3 Heritage and preservation .......................................................................................... 7 1.1.4 Local identity and commitment ................................................................................... 8 1.2 Weaknesses ........................................................................................................... 8 1.2.1 Socio-economics contexts and entrepreneurship ....................................................... 8 1.2.2 Routes and location ................................................................................................... 8 1.2.3 Heritage and preservation .......................................................................................... 9 1.2.4 Local identity and commitment ................................................................................... 9 1.3 Opportunities .........................................................................................................